95:
27:
109:
944:
280:
1561:
767:
102:
886:
tune composed for him by Manuel Ramos
Trujillo to promote his candidacy. Though this use of campaign jingles was condemned by critics who saw it as taking away the seriousness of politics, the success of the song throughout many regions of the country led to widespread adoption of this and other
1314:
so that HenrĂquez would become president. However, it was HenrĂquez himself who rejected the plan, and instead he asked his supporters to stop the violent protests. Despite the intensity of the protests, the results stood, and as a result HenrĂquez Guzmán then retired from public life.
1290:
In the official election count, Ruiz
Cortines won with more than 74 percent of the popular vote, followed by HenrĂquez Guzmán with 16 percent. These results set off a wave of protests in several states by HenrĂquez supporters, which were violently suppressed by the administration of
878:
The 1952 campaign season saw the model of political advertising aimed at praising the virtues of a party's candidate adopted. It was also the first time in
Mexican history that market research was used in a political campaign.
910:) emphatically campaigned in favour of Ruiz Cortines; Lázaro himself was rumoured to be a sympathizer of HenrĂquez Guzmán, although officially he supported Ruiz Cortines -albeit in a rather discreet manner-.
478:
1160:
1014:
860:
146:
804:
2248:
1549:
1527:
2269:
1326:
was temporally installed in Ruiz
Cortines' Mexico City residence. After the successful surgery, Ruiz Cortines took office as scheduled on 1 December.
921:(by then estranged from the PRI) made some statements during the campaign accusing Ruiz Cortines of having collaborated with the Americans during the
676:
439:
2279:
2274:
2243:
2233:
2223:
748:
516:
1492:
1440:
1415:
1354:
730:
726:
493:
2213:
2127:
922:
713:
708:
585:
581:
2289:
607:
2069:
1681:
1611:
1601:
683:
664:
625:
943:
2284:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1139:
994:
842:
826:
615:
576:
572:
568:
564:
249:
231:
141:
390:
1509:
1318:
Many years after the election, Ruiz
Cortines revealed that only five weeks before he was scheduled to take office, he underwent a
1202:
1054:
872:
797:
456:
400:
1799:
2218:
1542:
640:
447:
307:
1457:
1181:
1034:
864:
620:
151:
645:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1784:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1009:
856:
559:
555:
551:
547:
126:
76:
71:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2142:
829:
won 151 of the 161 seats. These were the last presidential elections in Mexico in which women were not allowed to vote.
777:
593:
469:
405:
349:
293:
1914:
1884:
867:(PAN) nominated EfraĂn González Luna as their first-ever presidential candidate. Finally, the well-known union leader
790:
701:
650:
354:
918:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1535:
1292:
838:
524:
227:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2137:
2132:
2087:
2082:
2077:
937:
honoured him with a parchment denying the accusations and naming him a "Patriot and
Illustrious Son of Veracruz".
1049:
902:-respectively the wife and son of the former President- reportedly supported HenrĂquez Guzmán's candidacy, while
868:
899:
2238:
2228:
688:
671:
635:
1296:
1223:
925:. Ruiz Cortines denied the accusations and claimed that at the time he was in Mexico City in service of the
738:
482:
344:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
1300:
1029:
850:
361:
315:
301:
131:
930:
753:
431:
423:
320:
1307:
891:
1376:
989:
950:
903:
846:
822:
630:
245:
120:
1573:
1565:
914:
895:
882:
Among the opposition candidates, HenrĂquez Guzmán became particularly popular. His campaign used a
537:
508:
382:
374:
239:
220:
1277:
108:
94:
1771:
926:
334:
270:
1488:
1436:
1411:
1350:
1323:
1311:
410:
339:
743:
460:
1306:
Some military chiefs, sympathizers of HenrĂquez Guzmán and aligned with former president
717:
279:
849:, as the PRI's presidential candidate. The coordinator of Ruiz Cortines' campaign was
2263:
1342:
1319:
859:, a former priĂsta who left the party in 1951, was nominated as the candidate of the
771:
329:
1461:
934:
933:. Later in the campaign, during a visit to Veracruz on 7 June, the Municipality of
1295:. Among those calling for justice were the former Mexican ambassador to Honduras,
907:
825:, who received 74.3% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the
883:
166:
161:
171:
101:
1560:
818:
1458:"HenrĂquez Guzmán, el general que evitĂł un baño de sangre en 1952"
1435:. Editores e Impresores Profesionales EDIMPRO. pp. 172, 180.
1531:
1487:. Editores e Impresores Profesionales EDIMPRO. p. 183.
1410:. Editores e Impresores Profesionales EDIMPRO. p. 176.
1510:"Nunca estuvo en peligro la vida del presidente: médicos"
821:
on 7 July 1952. The presidential elections were won by
1322:; to keep the surgery as a secret from the media, an
1310:, seized the opportunity and proposed to carry out a
1347:
Elections in the
Americas: A data handbook, Volume I
2206:
2068:
1770:
1572:
894:regarding this election has been widely commented:
890:The alleged role of the family of former President
929:under the command of Alfredo Robles DomĂnguez and
215:
1543:
798:
8:
853:, who would later succeed him as President.
18:
1485:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines: El poder con honradez
1433:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines: El poder con honradez
1408:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines: El poder con honradez
1550:
1536:
1528:
1161:Federation of the Mexican People's Parties
1114:
1015:Federation of the Mexican People's Parties
967:
887:marketing techniques in future campaigns.
861:Federation of the Mexican People's Parties
805:
791:
265:
17:
1377:"Los hombres del presidente de la Madrid"
440:LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress
906:(brother of Lázaro and then-governor of
1335:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1240:
1102:
1091:
1087:
1076:
939:
268:
1483:Aguilar de la Parra, Hesiquio (2012).
1431:Aguilar de la Parra, Hesiquio (2012).
1406:Aguilar de la Parra, Hesiquio (2012).
517:Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
1375:Hernández RodrĂguez, Rogelio (1987).
1262:
1119:
1092:
972:
7:
1566:Elections and referendums in Mexico
14:
1140:Institutional Revolutionary Party
995:Institutional Revolutionary Party
827:Institutional Revolutionary Party
2270:Presidential elections in Mexico
1559:
1508:Ortega, Eduardo (26 June 2015).
942:
765:
278:
107:
100:
93:
25:
2280:1952 elections in North America
2275:Legislative elections in Mexico
817:General elections were held in
1320:surgery to get rid of a hernia
923:1914 US occupation of Veracruz
636:National Regeneration Movement
1:
1456:Aguilar Garcia, Juan Carlos.
727:Diplomatic missions of Mexico
19:1952 Mexican general election
594:Instituto Nacional Electoral
709:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
616:Institutional Revolutionary
494:Federal electoral districts
391:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
2306:
2290:July 1952 events in Mexico
525:Federal Electoral Tribunal
1460:. CrĂłnica. Archived from
1275:
1271:
1263:Registered voters/turnout
1258:
1241:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1103:
1093:Registered voters/turnout
1088:
1077:
1066:
1050:Vicente Lombardo Toledano
981:
978:
975:
869:Vicente Lombardo Toledano
260:
213:
85:
67:
60:
54:
35:
23:
2285:1952 elections in Mexico
843:Minister of the Interior
665:Administrative divisions
479:President of the Chamber
1203:Popular Socialist Party
1055:Popular Socialist Party
1010:Miguel HenrĂquez Guzmán
913:The former governor of
873:Popular Socialist Party
857:Miguel HenrĂquez Guzmán
483:Marcela Guerra Castillo
457:President of the Senate
127:Miguel HenrĂquez Guzmán
1574:Presidential elections
1297:José Muñoz Cota Ibáñez
1224:Mexican National Party
544:Recent major elections
449:Senate of the Republic
401:List of heads of state
302:Constitution of Mexico
1772:Legislative elections
1182:National Action Party
1035:National Action Party
931:Heriberto Jara Corona
919:Francisco José Múgica
865:National Action Party
626:Democratic Revolution
432:Congress of the Union
62:Presidential election
1301:Alicia PĂ©rez Salazar
1293:Miguel Alemán Valdés
1030:EfraĂn González Luna
990:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
847:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
839:Miguel Alemán Valdés
823:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
246:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
228:Miguel Alemán Valdés
132:EfraĂn González Luna
121:Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
1116:
1111:Chamber of Deputies
969:
915:Baja California Sur
900:Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
851:Adolfo LĂłpez Mateos
471:Chamber of Deputies
383:President of Mexico
20:
1381:Foro Internacional
1115:
968:
684:State legislatures
646:Citizens' Movement
406:Federal government
350:Capital punishment
294:Federal government
271:Politics of Mexico
178:Popular vote
2257:
2256:
1494:978-607-7744-44-3
1464:on 21 August 2018
1442:978-607-7744-44-3
1417:978-607-7744-44-3
1355:978-0-19-928357-6
1283:
1282:
1108:
1107:
949:An item from the
815:
814:
772:Mexico portal
749:Visa requirements
702:Foreign relations
608:Political parties
355:Life imprisonment
264:
263:
256:
255:
209:
208:
56:
50:
49:
2297:
1564:
1563:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1340:
1276:Source: Nohlen,
1117:
1067:Other candidates
970:
946:
896:Amalia SolĂłrzano
807:
800:
793:
770:
769:
768:
461:Ana Lilia Rivera
282:
266:
216:
158:Home state
111:
104:
97:
87:
86:
55:
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2202:
2070:State elections
2064:
1766:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1526:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1512:. El Financiero
1507:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1308:Lázaro Cárdenas
1288:
1113:
966:
961:
954:
947:
904:Dámaso Cárdenas
892:Lázaro Cárdenas
835:
811:
782:
778:Other countries
766:
764:
759:
758:
739:Nationality law
735:
723:
711:
704:
694:
693:
667:
657:
656:
655:
641:Ecologist Green
621:National Action
610:
600:
599:
580:Gubernatorial:
579:
562:
545:
540:
530:
529:
511:
501:
500:
488:
481:
466:
459:
444:
426:
416:
415:
397:
393:
377:
367:
366:
305:
296:
273:
248:
243:
230:
225:
223:before election
214:
81:
80:
74:
63:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
2303:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1500:
1493:
1475:
1448:
1441:
1423:
1416:
1398:
1367:
1358:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1324:operating room
1287:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:Source: Nohlen
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
992:
987:
984:
983:
980:
977:
974:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
948:
941:
875:'s candidate.
841:appointed his
834:
831:
813:
812:
810:
809:
802:
795:
787:
784:
783:
781:
780:
774:
761:
760:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
734:
733:
722:
721:
718:Marcelo Ebrard
705:
700:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
689:Municipalities
686:
681:
680:
679:
668:
663:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
589:
588:
541:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
521:
520:
512:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
487:
486:
475:
474:
465:
464:
453:
452:
443:
442:
436:
435:
427:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
408:
403:
396:
395:
387:
386:
378:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
326:
325:
324:
323:
312:
311:
297:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
275:
274:
269:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
235:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
195:
191:
190:
187:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
124:
117:
113:
112:
105:
98:
91:
83:
82:
75:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
51:
48:
47:
45:
40:
33:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2302:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
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22:
16:
1939:
1701:
1514:. Retrieved
1503:
1484:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1462:the original
1451:
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1407:
1401:
1389:. Retrieved
1384:
1380:
1370:
1365:Nohlen, p468
1361:
1346:
1338:
1317:
1305:
1289:
912:
889:
881:
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855:
836:
816:
651:New Alliance
592:
515:
470:
448:
430:
381:
362:Gun politics
316:Human rights
300:
244:
237:
226:
219:
197:
181:
119:
42:
15:
2207:Referendums
1312:Coup d'Ă©tat
871:ran as the
754:Visa policy
631:Labor Party
424:Legislature
345:Nationality
321:LGBT rights
194:Percentage
43:7 July 1952
2264:Categories
1391:29 January
1330:References
927:Revolution
837:President
1468:28 August
1387:(109): 12
1286:Aftermath
1266:4,924,293
1245:3,651,483
1144:2,713,419
1096:4,924,293
1081:3,651,483
999:2,713,419
973:Candidate
964:President
953:campaign.
908:Michoacán
731:in Mexico
677:Governors
546:General:
538:Elections
509:Judiciary
375:Executive
240:President
221:President
182:2,713,419
1516:30 March
884:mariachi
833:Campaign
744:Passport
714:Minister
463:(MORENA)
394:(MORENA)
335:Abortion
238:Elected
189:285,555
186:579,745
167:Coahuila
162:Veracruz
116:Nominee
1349:, p453
1345:(2005)
1186:301,986
1165:579,745
1039:285,555
1019:579,745
959:Results
411:Cabinet
308:history
202:15.88%
172:Jalisco
90:
1491:
1439:
1414:
1385:XXVIII
1353:
1299:, and
1248:100.00
1228:24,139
1207:32,194
1084:100.00
1059:72,482
935:Xalapa
863:. The
819:Mexico
672:States
558:, and
205:7.82%
198:74.31%
138:Party
1242:Total
1168:15.88
1147:74.31
1129:Seats
1123:Votes
1120:Party
1078:Total
1022:15.88
1002:74.31
979:Votes
976:Party
485:(PRI)
340:Labor
2249:2022
2244:2021
2239:1999
2234:1998
2229:1995
2224:1867
2219:1863
2214:1854
2198:2024
2193:2023
2188:2022
2183:2021
2178:2020
2173:2019
2168:2018
2163:2017
2158:2016
2153:2015
2148:2014
2143:2013
2138:2012
2133:2011
2128:2010
2123:2009
2118:2008
2113:2007
2108:2006
2103:2005
2098:2004
2093:2003
2088:2002
2083:2001
2078:2000
2060:2024
2055:2021
2050:2018
2045:2015
2040:2012
2035:2009
2030:2006
2025:2003
2020:2000
2015:1997
2010:1994
2005:1991
2000:1988
1995:1985
1990:1982
1985:1979
1980:1976
1975:1973
1970:1970
1965:1967
1960:1964
1955:1961
1950:1958
1945:1955
1940:1952
1935:1949
1930:1946
1925:1943
1920:1940
1915:1937
1910:1934
1905:1928
1900:1924
1895:1920
1890:1917
1885:1912
1880:1910
1875:1904
1870:1900
1865:1896
1860:1892
1855:1888
1850:1884
1845:1880
1840:1876
1835:1871
1830:1867
1825:1861
1820:1857
1815:1853
1810:1850
1805:1848
1800:1842
1795:1837
1790:1833
1785:1828
1780:1824
1762:2024
1757:2018
1752:2012
1747:2006
1742:2000
1737:1994
1732:1988
1727:1982
1722:1976
1717:1970
1712:1964
1707:1958
1702:1952
1697:1946
1692:1940
1687:1934
1682:1929
1677:1928
1672:1924
1667:1920
1662:1917
1657:1911
1652:1910
1647:1904
1642:1900
1637:1896
1632:1892
1627:1888
1622:1884
1617:1880
1612:1877
1607:1876
1602:1872
1597:1871
1592:1867
1587:1861
1582:1857
1518:2020
1489:ISBN
1470:2018
1437:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1393:2022
1351:ISBN
1278:UNAM
1231:0.66
1210:0.88
1189:8.27
1073:0.01
1062:1.99
1042:7.82
898:and
586:2021
584:and
582:2010
577:2021
575:and
573:2015
569:2009
565:2003
560:2024
556:2018
552:2012
548:2006
147:FPPM
77:1958
72:1946
1254:+14
1251:161
1237:New
1174:New
1150:151
1132:+/–
1070:282
330:Law
250:PRI
232:PRI
152:PAN
142:PRI
2266::
1383:.
1379:.
1303:.
1216:+1
1195:+1
1153:+9
917:,
845:,
729:/
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567:,
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1269:–
1234:1
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1192:5
1171:2
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806:e
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792:v
720:)
712:(
310:)
306:(
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