30:
321:
405:
37:
391:
The earthquakes on 14 January did little damage, but many of the inhabitants spent the following night sleeping outside, during which the most damaging of the shocks occurred, which probably greatly reduced the number of casualties. The official death toll was 231 with a further 623 injured. Other
416:
One year after the earthquakes, many hundreds of people were still living in tents and many of the prefabricated housing units had yet to appear, despite having been paid for; no work had begun on providing permanent housing. Two-thirds of refugee families had still not received their government
305:
There was a sequence of six M 5+ earthquakes, making this western Sicily's largest historical seismic event, beginning with a M 5.2 shock at 12:28 on the 14 January, followed by a M 5.1 event at 13:15 on the same day and a M 5.2 event at 01:33 on 15 January, the mainshock at 02:01, and two M 5.2
395:
The worst affected buildings were of unreinforced masonry construction that used irregular stones with weak mortar and had roofs consisting of heavy tiles resting on wooden beams. Such buildings collapsed completely in many cases. Houses with load-bearing walls made of regular stone or concrete
412:
The immediate relief effort was hampered by a lack of disaster relief planning at both local and provincial levels, excessive bureaucracy, a lack of supplies close to the affected areas and a tendency of refugees to treat outsiders with suspicion.
672:
Orecchio, Barbara; Scolaro, Silvia; Batlló, Josep; Neri, Giancarlo; Presti, Debora; Stich, Daniel; Totaro, Cristina (2021). "New
Results for the 1968 Belice, South Italy, Seismic Sequence: Solving the Long-Lasting Ambiguity on Causative Source".
503:
Lavecchia, G.; Ferrarini F.; de Nardis R.; Visini F.; Barbano M.S. (2007). "Active thrusting as a possible seismogenic source in Sicily (Southern Italy): Some insights from integrated structural–kinematic and seismological data".
336:
of the mainshock and the two magnitude 5+ aftershocks are consistent with thrusting on faults trending west–east, although an alternative solution has been proposed for the mainshock of right lateral
396:
blocks and better quality mortar performed better, although some were badly damaged. The most modern buildings that used reinforced concrete frames generally suffered little damage.
1270:
934:
772:
864:
417:
grant. Nine years after the earthquake, none of the refugees had been placed in new housing, leaving 60,000 still living in temporary accommodation.
254:, killed at least 231 people, possibly more than 400, with between 632 and about 1,000 injured and left 100,000 homeless. It is known in Italy as
1032:
459:
Monaco, C.; Mazzoli S.; Tortorici L. (1996). "Active thrust tectonics in western Sicily (southern Italy): the 1968 Belice earthquake sequence".
29:
1265:
1214:
1209:
313:) at Gibellina, Montevago and Salaparuta. Intensities at Poggioreale, Santa Margherita di Belice, Santa Ninfa, Partanna and Salemi reached IX (
645:
608:
1204:
744:
927:
60:
1173:
765:
189:
1275:
825:
74:
1199:
420:
The towns of
Poggioreale, Gibellina, Vita, Santa Margherita di Belice and Salaparuta were eventually rebuilt in new locations.
392:
estimates give more than 400 dead with over 1,000 injured. An estimated 100,000 people were made homeless by the earthquakes.
987:
130:
1245:
920:
819:
1260:
1077:
943:
758:
434:
787:
784:
781:
429:
1194:
1168:
1133:
1123:
1067:
1057:
1007:
807:
361:
49:
1250:
1138:
1037:
997:
879:
873:
846:
840:
1153:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1017:
1012:
957:
885:
855:
279:
231:
113:
1224:
1189:
1163:
1143:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1082:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1002:
992:
972:
831:
1255:
1219:
1158:
1072:
1062:
1027:
1022:
982:
967:
962:
223:
813:
682:
513:
468:
297:, thrust up onto the thick carbonate sequence of the Pelagian-Hyblean Platform of the African Plate.
282:
977:
552:"Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500)"
267:
706:
612:
348:
The main area of damage was centred on the valley of the Belice, with worst affected towns being
79:
698:
641:
635:
165:
740:
66:
726:
690:
521:
476:
333:
686:
517:
472:
480:
294:
275:
551:
1239:
710:
337:
271:
377:
320:
278:. The geology of the western part of the island is dominated by the Gela Nappe, a
583:
525:
373:
349:
325:
251:
550:
Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari G.; Mariotti D.; Comastri A.; Tarabusi G.; Valensise G.
404:
385:
369:
290:
247:
235:
702:
145:
132:
365:
357:
243:
239:
226:, with five others of magnitude 5+. The maximum perceived intensity was X (
750:
353:
286:
912:
694:
381:
219:
175:
403:
319:
222:
between 14 and 15 January. The largest shock measured 5.5 on the
637:
A History of
Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988
916:
754:
309:
The greatest perceived intensity on the
Mercalli scale was X (
731:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. NAP:01499.
306:
events at 16:42 on 16 January and at 09:56 on 25 January.
736:
681:(4). Seismological Society of America (SSA): 2364–2381.
900:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
607:
The Civil
Protection Department (Protezione Civile).
1182:
1091:
950:
202:
181:
171:
161:
124:
108:
100:
85:
72:
59:
48:
588:. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences
293:age sedimentary rocks deposited in the earlier
905:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
36:
928:
766:
8:
19:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
1271:Earthquake clusters, swarms, and sequences
935:
921:
913:
773:
759:
751:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
18:
114:
725:Haas, J. Eugene; Robert S. Ayre (1969).
640:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 345–346.
582:Haas, J. Eugene; Robert S. Ayre (1969).
454:
452:
450:
408:Abandoned buildings in Poggioreale, 2007
446:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
728:The Western Sicily Earthquake Of 1968
585:The Western Sicily Earthquake Of 1968
7:
737:International Seismological Centre
481:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1996.tb00570.x
388:also suffered significant damage.
14:
35:
28:
182:
675:Seismological Research Letters
1:
1266:January 1968 events in Europe
340:on a NNW-SSE trending fault.
285:. The Gela Nappe consists of
435:List of earthquakes in Italy
526:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.07.007
430:List of earthquakes in 1968
266:Sicily lies on the complex
16:Earthquake in Sicily, Italy
1292:
1215:January 2017 Central Italy
1210:October 2016 Central Italy
362:Santa Margherita di Belice
1205:August 2016 Central Italy
895:
865:Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows
794:
268:convergent plate boundary
24:
609:"Belice earthquake 1968"
232:Mercalli intensity scale
1276:1968 disasters in Italy
1033:1694 Irpinia–Basilicata
218:sequence took place in
1174:1997 Umbria and Marche
409:
329:
224:moment magnitude scale
216:1968 Belice earthquake
20:1968 Belice earthquake
634:Ginsborg, P. (2003).
407:
323:
242:between the towns of
1246:Earthquakes in Italy
944:Earthquakes in Italy
283:fold and thrust belt
256:Terremoto del Belice
1261:Disasters in Sicily
1200:2012 Northern Italy
785:Earthquakes in 1968
687:2021SeiRL..92.2364O
518:2007Tectp.445..145L
473:1996TeNov...8..372M
142: /
55:1968-01-15 02:01:06
21:
988:1456 Central Italy
816:(6.2, February 21)
810:(7.0, February 20)
745:authoritative data
695:10.1785/0220200277
410:
330:
1233:
1232:
1078:1883 Casamicciola
910:
909:
647:978-1-4039-6153-2
212:
211:
208:632–1,000 injured
146:37.767°N 12.983°E
1283:
1251:1968 earthquakes
937:
930:
923:
914:
826:Borrego Mountain
775:
768:
761:
752:
732:
714:
659:
658:
656:
654:
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
611:. Archived from
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
579:
564:
563:
561:
559:
547:
530:
529:
512:(3–4): 145–167.
500:
485:
484:
456:
334:focal mechanisms
328:pictured in 2003
317:) on the scale.
262:Tectonic setting
198:
196:
184:
157:
156:
154:
153:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
138:
135:
119:
96:
94:
39:
38:
32:
22:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1178:
1169:1990 Carlentini
1134:1930 Senigallia
1124:1920 Garfagnana
1087:
1068:1857 Basilicata
946:
941:
911:
906:
901:
891:
790:
779:
747:for this event.
724:
721:
671:
668:
666:Further reading
663:
662:
652:
650:
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633:
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616:
615:on 7 April 2012
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118:
101:Local time
92:
90:
89:14 January 1968
86:Local date
44:
43:
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41:
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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1177:
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1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1139:1936 Cansiglio
1136:
1131:
1126:
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1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1080:
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1065:
1060:
1058:1783 Calabrian
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1008:1638 Calabrian
1005:
1000:
998:1626 Girifalco
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990:
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980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
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925:
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908:
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893:
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890:
889:
883:
877:
871:
867:(7.4, Aug 31)
862:
858:(7.4, Aug 14)
853:
844:
838:
834:(8.3, May 16)
829:
828:(6.6, April 8)
823:
822:(7.5, April 1)
817:
811:
805:
801:(5.5, Jan 14)
795:
792:
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719:External links
717:
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506:Tectonophysics
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467:(4): 372–381.
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172:Areas affected
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151:37.767; 12.983
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1104:1907 Calabria
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1099:1905 Calabria
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1038:1703 Apennine
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1018:1659 Calabria
1016:
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1013:1639 Amatrice
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882:(6.5, Oct 14)
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849:(7.6, Aug 2)
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338:transpression
335:
327:
324:The ruins of
322:
318:
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272:African Plate
269:
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206:231–400 dead
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23:
1183:21st century
1164:1980 Irpinia
1148:
1144:1962 Irpinia
1129:1930 Irpinia
1109:1908 Messina
1092:20th century
1083:1887 Liguria
1053:1743 Salento
1048:1732 Irpinia
1043:1706 Abruzzo
1003:1627 Gargano
993:1570 Ferrara
973:1222 Brescia
902:
897:
888:(5.4, Nov 9)
876:(6.2, Sep 3)
868:
859:
850:
835:
802:
798:
741:bibliography
727:
678:
674:
651:. Retrieved
636:
629:
617:. Retrieved
613:the original
602:
590:. Retrieved
584:
556:. Retrieved
509:
505:
464:
460:
419:
415:
411:
394:
390:
347:
331:
314:
310:
308:
304:
280:thin-skinned
270:between the
265:
255:
227:
215:
213:
192:
1225:2018 Molise
1220:2017 Ischia
1190:2002 Molise
1159:1976 Friuli
1149:1968 Belice
1119:1916 Rimini
1073:1873 Alpago
1063:1805 Molise
1028:1693 Sicily
1023:1688 Sannio
983:1348 Friuli
978:1343 Naples
968:1169 Sicily
963:1117 Verona
374:Poggioreale
350:Santa Ninfa
326:Poggioreale
252:Poggioreale
149: /
63: event
1240:Categories
958:62 Pompeii
951:Historical
820:Hyūga-nada
808:Aegean Sea
554:. INGV-SGA
461:Terra Nova
441:References
386:Camporeale
370:Salaparuta
301:Earthquake
291:Quaternary
248:Salaparuta
238:sequence,
236:earthquake
203:Casualties
137:12°58′59″E
134:37°46′01″N
93:1968-01-14
52: time
880:Meckering
847:Casiguran
841:Inangahua
711:233643711
703:0895-0695
400:Aftermath
366:Gibellina
358:Montevago
244:Gibellina
230:) on the
185:intensity
125:Epicenter
109:Magnitude
886:Illinois
856:Sulawesi
592:July 11,
424:See also
354:Partanna
295:foredeep
287:Pliocene
274:and the
832:Tokachi
743:and/or
683:Bibcode
514:Bibcode
469:Bibcode
315:Violent
311:Extreme
240:centred
228:Extreme
193:Extreme
191:MMI X (
91: (
874:Bartın
799:Belice
739:has a
709:
701:
653:1 July
644:
619:1 July
384:, and
382:Salemi
344:Damage
234:. The
220:Sicily
176:Sicily
166:Thrust
80:ComCat
67:827285
814:Ebino
707:S2CID
558:8 May
104:03:01
73:USGS-
735:The
699:ISSN
655:2012
642:ISBN
621:2012
594:2011
560:2019
378:Vita
332:The
250:and
214:The
183:Max.
162:Type
112:5.5
75:ANSS
691:doi
522:doi
510:445
477:doi
368:,
61:ISC
50:UTC
1242::
869:†‡
705:.
697:.
689:.
679:92
677:.
568:^
534:^
520:.
508:.
489:^
475:.
463:.
449:^
380:,
376:.
372:,
364:,
360:,
356:,
352:,
258:.
246:,
936:e
929:t
922:v
903:‡
898:†
860:†
851:†
836:†
803:†
788:→
782:←
774:e
767:t
760:v
713:.
693::
685::
657:.
623:.
596:.
562:.
528:.
524::
516::
483:.
479::
471::
465:8
289:-
195:)
117:w
115:M
95:)
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