63:(IOM) criticized the programme for its costs and not considering other bioterrorism control measures such as surveillance. The adverse cardiac events, including two deaths, were however unlikely to have been caused by the vaccine. A 2005 IOM report noted that some of the problems of the campaign stemmed from administration officials overruling scientific advice on the numbers who should be vaccinated and a lack of communication by the CDC of the public health need, though it found that the campaign had increased general preparedness for sudden occurrences of infectious diseases like
19:
58:
The campaign ended early in June 2003, with only 38,257 civilian health care workers vaccinated, after several hospitals refused to participate due to the risk of the live virus infecting vulnerable patients and skepticism about the risks of an attack, and after over 50 heart complications were
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to those who would respond to an attack, establishing
Smallpox Response Teams and using DryVax (containing the NYCBOH strain) to mandatorily vaccinate half a million American military personnel, followed by half a million health care worker volunteers by January 2004. The first vaccine was
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Bartlett, John; Borio, Luciana; Radonovich, Lew; Mair, Julie Samia; O'Toole, Tara; Mair, Michael; Halsey, Neil; Grow, Robert; Inglesby, Thomas V.; Henderson, Donald A.; Inglesby, Thomas V.; O'Toole, Tara (1 April 2003).
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120:"The Smallpox Vaccination Campaign of 2003: Why Did it Fail and What are the Lessons for Bioterrorism Preparedness?"
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295:"Cardiac Deaths After a Mass Smallpox Vaccination Campaign --- New York City, 1947"
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Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (3 October 2003).
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Richards, Edward P.; Rathbun, Katharine C.; Gold, Jay (July 2004).
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235:"Smallpox Vaccination in 2003: Key Information for Clinicians"
172:
Parrino, Janie; Graham, Barney S. (1 December 2006).
28:2003 United States smallpox vaccination campaign
276:"US smallpox vaccination plan grinds to a halt"
174:"Smallpox vaccines: Past, present, and future"
326:"Report Faults Smallpox Vaccination Campaign"
89:"Details - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)"
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365:Disaster preparedness in the United States
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178:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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59:reported by the CDC. That August, the US
46:virus. The campaign aimed to provide the
38:on 13 December 2002 as preparedness for
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7:
274:Mackenzie, Debora (22 August 2003).
143:"U.S. Smallpox Vaccine Program Lags"
14:
355:Vaccination in the United States
324:Kaiser, Jocelyn (3 March 2005).
141:Connolly, Ceci (13 April 2003).
51:administered to then-President
65:that year's monkeypox outbreak
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239:Clinical Infectious Diseases
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190:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.09.037
360:2003 in the United States
34:program announced by the
69:2002–2004 SARS outbreak
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61:Institute of Medicine
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305:(39). CDC: 933–936.
124:Louisiana Law Review
153:on 27 November 2021
147:The Washington Post
99:on 27 November 2021
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149:. Archived from
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95:. Archived from
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22:Smallpox vaccine
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155:. Retrieved
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93:phil.cdc.gov
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40:bioterrorism
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157:28 February
36:White House
32:vaccination
344:Categories
130:: 851–904.
75:References
198:0091-6749
311:14523370
261:12652390
216:17157663
67:and the
44:smallpox
330:Science
207:9533821
103:3 March
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42:using
30:was a
307:PMID
299:MMWR
257:PMID
212:PMID
194:ISSN
159:2020
105:2020
26:The
247:doi
202:PMC
186:doi
182:118
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