934:, Director of the Central Institute of Forensic Science, claimed that the loss of one particular PAD member's leg could not have been the result of tear gas usage, but came from a more powerful explosion. After viewing photographs of Angkhana Radappanyawut's injuries, Pornthip Rojanasunand suggested unequivocally that the death was caused by the explosion of a tear gas canister. She also stated that there was no need to conduct further investigations into the death and injuries of protesters because it became clear that they were caused by weapons of police. Investigations took place while charges against the police and government were filed by many protesters.
33:
745:, 1st Army Area Commander as assistants to Gen Anupong. He also issued bans on the gathering or assemblage of more than five persons within the Bangkok Metropolis; on the nationwide press release, distribution or dissemination of letters, publications or any other information containing the matters which may instigate apprehension amongst the people or is intended to distort information in order to mislead an understanding of the State of Emergency to the extent of affecting the security of state or public peace and order or good moral of the people; and on other matters which were a kind of public rights and liberties restriction.
1351:
in the crisis as well as the succession. There was a decline in the popularity of the PAD among the
Bangkok elite as the crisis escalated and increasingly affected the economy. The crisis saw increasing polarization in Thai political thinking, with David Streckfuss of the Council on International Educational Exchange noting that it "shattered the myth of unity that has been papered over the many social and political cleavages in Thailand." The judiciary was increasingly seen as a tool of the elite, having flagged the government for even the tiniest infractions while refusing to rein in the growing violence of the PAD.
685:
697:, while the offices of three ministries were also partially invaded. Major roads into Bangkok were blocked by PAD supporters. Prime Minister Samak remained defiant, refusing to resign, while also vowing not to violently remove the protesters. Despite a court warrant for the arrest of the PAD's nine leaders and a Civil Court order to evacuate, the PAD remained firmly lodged in the government compound. Friday 29th saw semi-violent clashes at various protest sites between protesters and riot police, who were still largely unable to control the group.
1217:
resigned, leaving only 14. If the PPP was to be dissolved, the number of MPs they have would fall from 233 to 219. Out of Chart Thai's 43 executives, 19 of them are MPs. No
Matchima executives are MPs. Thus, if the Constitutional Court dissolved all three parties, the government coalition would reduce in size to 283 out of a total of 447 MPs in Parliament – a majority is 224. The opposition Democrat Party has only 164 MPs. If all the non-PPP parties allied with the Democrats, they would have a total of 228 MPs – only 4 MPs above a majority.
622:
390:, vice president of PPP and a brother-in-law of Thaksin, became the new prime minister. This change prompted continued PAD protests. The protests led to violent clashes between the police, PAD, and anti-PAD protesters on 7 October as the government aimed to disperse them from blocking the entrances of the House. A PAD protester was killed by a grenade near the premier's office and a member of the PAD security forces was killed when his car exploded. Many protesters were also injured.
1103:
in vehicles, causing the police to withdraw. Police Senior Sgt Maj Sompop Nathee, an officer from the Border Patrol Police Region 1, later returned to the scene of the clash and was detained by PAD forces. He was interrogated by Samran
Rodphet, a PAD leader, and then detained inside the airport. Reporters and photographers tried to follow Sompop to his interrogation, but PAD forces did not allow them. PAD supporters were moved from Government House to the airport.
998:'inappropriate' act defaming the monarchy when Thaksin held a religious ceremony at the royal temple of Wat Phra Kaeo. From then on, PAD has accused Thaksin's followers as being 'anti-monarchy'. The UDD's and Thaksin's harsh attack on Prem Tinsulanonda, head of royal Privy Council and close advisor of the king, has been seen as a contradiction of Thai tradition and a hidden attempt to make a regime change. Moreover, a leader of UDD, such
4551:
449:. One of the PAD's major aims was to oppose what it considered the anti-monarchy movement, supposedly among some Thaksin supporters. PAD promoted the role of the king as the guard of the all people's power against the "corrupted politician". That is why PAD uses yellow, Rama IX's symbolic birthday colour, Monday, as its brand. Yet its ideology was blasted by some critics as "anti-democratic".
98:
1030:, Bangkok's main airport and an important regional hub and blockaded the main road to the airport, aiming at resisting the landing of the prime minister's flight. PAD forces quickly overpowered hundreds of policemen armed with riot gear. PAD leaders mounted a mobile stage and proceeded to criticize the government. PAD members armed with clubs, iron bars and knives, with some wearing black
1254:, for the politicians, after having come into the power, are brazen-faced in wrongfully seeking for self-interests in order to benefit their future elections. The Constitution, hence, attempts to pitch out this unceasing unpropitious circle, and promotes the politicians, whose heart and hands are so devoted, to participate in bringing about the advantages to the Country.
4642:
4564:
828:, unanimously agreed to support the People Power party (PPP) to set up the new government and vote for the person who should be nominated as the new prime minister. Chart Thai deputy leader Somsak Prissananantakul and Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana leader Chettha Thanajaro said the next prime minister who will be nominated on Friday. Caretaker prime minister
405:, one of its leaders. The sieges ended in December when the Constitutional Court dissolved the PPP and banned its executive board from political office after finding it guilty of election fraud. The Constitutional Court dissolved two coalition partners of the PPP on similar charges, which broke the coalition apart. Prime minister Somchai resigned.
379:
Thaksin and election fraud charges by PPP executive members. The Samak government suspended its amendment plan, yet PAD vowed to continue their protest, calling for Samak
Sundaravej's resignation, noting that during his election campaign, he had declared himself a nominee of Thaksin. Tensions escalated when PAD seized Government House.
566:, several state-enterprise unions who were against Thaksin's state-enterprise privatization plans, and various factions in the Royal Thai Army who claimed that Thaksin promoted only those who were loyal to him. The movement gained in popularity after Thaksin's family sold their share in Shin Corporation to
597:
declared martial law, and arrested
Cabinet members. The PAD voluntarily dissolved after announcing that its goals had been accomplished. Surayud Chulanont, Prem's former close aide, was appointed prime minister. A junta-appointed court banned the TRT and 111 of its executives from politics for five years.
845:
Sundaravej abandoned his bid to regain his
Thailand Prime Minister post, and Teerapon Noprampa said Samak would also give up the ruling People's Power Party (PPP) leadership. Meanwhile, PPP's chief party spokesman Kudeb Saikrachang and Kan Thiankaew announced on 13 September that caretaker prime minister
844:
for selecting the new PM was not reached and the decision was delayed to 17 September 2008 in an event seen as signaling the end of Samak's career. After its four coalition partners stated they'd prefer someone else to become PM instead of Samak, the PPP agreed to drop his nomination. Embattled Samak
444:
members are former TRT/PPP members. PAD was opposed to all attempts to reform the constitution in ways that would allow politicians banned from political office to re-enter politics, and to revoking the charges against
Thaksin. PAD has also called for "new politics", a "new age of politics, free from
1313:
was elected the new prime minister. Army commander and co-leader of the 2006 coup, General
Anupong Paochinda, was widely reported to have coerced PPP MPs to defect to the Democrat Party. PAD leader Khamnoon Sitthisamarn and junta-appointed Senator called Abhisit's premiership a "genuine PAD victory"
1174:
A bomb exploded near a bunker made of tires near the main entrance to the passenger terminal at Don Muang
Airport at 3.55 am on 30 November. Before the explosion occurred, about seven gunshots were heard from the direction of a warehouse deeper inside the airport compound. No one was injured in
1139:
MP for
Sukhothai, Samphan Benchaphon, said of the airport seizure that the PAD "have the right to do it." Democrat Party MP for Bangkok, Thawil Praison, said that the PAD "could seize the airport and doing so is not excessive. The entire world understands that this is a normal matter in the struggle
1122:
Flights from Suvarnabhumi resumed on 4 December, when a Thai Airways flight departed for Sydney, Australia. Thai Airways expected to have five other international flights departing on 4 and 5 December to New Delhi, Tokyo, Frankfurt, Seoul, and Copenhagen. Passengers for these flights had to check in
1102:
Police manned checkpoints on roads leading to the airport. At one checkpoint, police found 15 home-made guns, an axe, and other weapons in a Dharma Army six-wheel truck taking 20 protesters to Suvarnabhumi airport. One checkpoint, about 2 kilometers from the airport, was attacked by armed PAD forces
1086:
On the evening of 27 November, the government declared a state of emergency around the two occupied airports and ordered police to clear out PAD forces. The state of emergency allowed the military to ban public gatherings of more than five people. The Navy was assigned to aid police at Suvarnabhumi,
1002:
has engaged in public criticism of the role of the monarchy, mostly, seen 'negatively'. Several UDD leaders were also charged and arrested and accused of insulting the monarchy, a crime under Thai criminal law. The PAD, therefore, has always claimed that it was defending the most revered institution
977:
She spoke with the deceased's father, Jinda Radappanyawut, who later said she was concerned for the welfare of the protesters and "would soon send us flowers". Her Majesty told Angsana's parents that their daughter had sacrificed her life for the sake of the monarchy, and that she was a good person.
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forbids members of the Cabinet from being employees of any person; this was to prevent conflicts of interest. The court found that although Samak was a contractor to the show's producers, and did not fit the definition of the term "employee" as defined under the Civil and Commercial Code, the law on
596:
The coup was executed on 19 September 2006 while Thaksin was attending a UN summit, just weeks before a planned Parliamentary election. The junta canceled the elections, abrogated the Constitution, dissolved Parliament, banned protests and all political activities, suppressed and censored the media,
427:
opposed to what it called the "Thaksin system", which is seen by some as the Thaksin' "autocracy", his domination of independent supervisory institutions and violations of human rights and the freedom of the press. It began the mass protest against Thaksin Shinawatra in 2006 after the removal of the
302:
PAD protesters rally at parliament, attempting to block a parliament session in which Prime Minister Somchai is to seek approval of policies. Police attempt to disperse protesters using tear gas. Somchai is forced to cross a fence to exit, while members of parliament are stranded in the building for
1350:
The long term political consequences of the crisis are as yet unclear. The crisis, and particularly the siege of Suvarnabhumi Airport, saw a rise in international press coverage on Thailand, with numerous high-profile articles breaking Thai taboos about public discussion of the role of the monarchy
1155:
urged the protesters to peacefully leave the airports. EU ambassadors to Thailand wrote in a joint statement that the demonstrators are hurting Thailand's image and economy, continuing "While respecting the right of protesting and without interfering in any way with the internal political debate in
1090:
The PAD was defiant. PAD leader Suriyasai Katasila announced that the PAD would fight off police. "If the government wants to clear the protesters, let it try. The PAD will protect all locations because we are using our rights to demonstrate peacefully without causing damages to state properties or
748:
However, on the same day, Mr Nitithon Lamluea, a member of Thailand Lawyer Council's Human Rights Committee, lodged with the Supreme Administrative Court a complaint against Prime Minister Samak accusing him of abuse of power as he imposed a state of emergency in Bangkok, but the circumstances on 2
1341:
The PAD seizure of Don Muang and Suvarnabhumi Airports is estimated to have cost the Thai economy at least three billion Baht (approximately US$ 100 million) a day in lost shipment value and opportunities. As of 1 December 2008, the number of stranded passengers was estimated at anywhere from over
1237:
The Court's trials at this time are independent, and not interfered or compelled by any political influences. The provisions under the Constitution are taken as the Court's guidance in trying these cases. And in this kind of political circumstances in our Country, certain sectors would favour with
1220:
The site for the court decision was changed from the Constitutional Court to the Supreme Administrative Court after UDD supporters surrounded the Constitution Court. The Supreme Administrative court was protected by Royal Thai Army troops armed with M16 rifles. The Constitutional Court handed down
925:
barricades to prevent the legislature from meeting to hear Samak's replacement, Somchai Wongsawat, formally announce his policies. The government decided to crack down on the protesters. Police used tear gas but many bullets were fired at the protesters. Many protesters got seriously wounded; some
783:
A session of the House of Representatives was held on 12 September to vote for a new prime minister. The People Power Party decided to renominate Samak as Premier (he had stopped hosting the TV shows earlier that year and thus was no longer an employee). The session was cut short because the House
1285:
announced it had garnered sufficient support from former coalition partners of PPP and their splinters to be able to form a government, while For Thais claimed the same, adding that it had already been joined by more than a third of MPs. The coalition partners of the Democrat Party appeared to be
803:
People Power Party's deputy spokesman Kuthep Suthin Klangsang, on 12 September 2008, announced that: "Samak has accepted his nomination for prime minister. Samak said he is confident that parliament will find him fit for office, and that he is happy to accept the post. A majority of party members
700:
Transport infrastructure was disrupted beginning 29 August, with state railway workers union, the PAD's alliance, was on strike partially disabling train services. PAD demonstrators occupied the runways of and closed down airports in the southern cities of Hat Yai, Phuket and Krabi. (The airports
949:
After the violent crash, the demonstrators returned; the siege of the parliament was given up in the evening. Yet demonstrators started the siege of police headquarters near the Government House. The demonstrators called for the counter-attack on police force, then new clash erupted, causing the
538:
had been a staunch supporter of Thaksin until major losses at state-owned Krung Thai Bank caused CEO Viroj Nualkhair to be fired. Viroj was Sondhi's former banker and had forgiven Sondhi for billions in bad personal debts. Sondhi's levied public criticisms of Thaksin on his TV show and his media
1118:
Shortly after the Constitutional Court dissolved the three parties of the government coalition on 2 December 2008, the PAD held a press conference where they announced that they were ending all of their protests as of 10 am local time (GMT 7+) on 3 December 2008. "We have won a victory and
1073:
At 4:30 am on the morning of 26 November, three explosions were heard on the fourth floor of Suvarnbumi on the outside of the passenger terminal. Another explosion was reported at 6 am. Several people were injured. It was not clear who set off the explosions. The PAD did not allow the
1216:
charges. If the parties were dissolved, executives of the parties could have their political rights stripped for five years. However, non-executive MPs of the parties have the right to change parties for a period of time after the court decision. 37 PPP executives were also MPs, although 8 had
1069:
proposed that the PAD withdraw from the airport and that the government resign. He also proposed that if the PAD did not comply, that they be subject to "social sanctions", whereas if the government did not comply, that the bureaucracy stop implementing government orders. A written copy of the
378:
The coalition government vowed to amend the 2007 constitution which they called undemocratic, prompting PAD to resume protests against the constitutional amendment plan after having suspended its movement after the 2006 coup. PAD charged that the amendment was aimed at revoking charges against
1099:
protested together under hardship, while another group of people has remained in comfort. They can't just suddenly ask us to stop protesting," he told the assembled forces. Addressing supporters on ASTV, Sondhi said, "If we have to die today, I am willing to die. This is a fight for dignity."
1098:
On the morning of 28 November, PAD leader Chamlong Srimuang announced to PAD forces that he had received a call from an unspecified "senior person" (ผู้ใหญ่ท่านหนึ่ง) telling him to end the rallies. But he refused to do what the senior person told him. "For the past 108 days, the Alliance has
675:
In late June, the opposition filed a no-confidence motion in parliament, which the government survived. The PAD proposed that the constitution be amended to reduce the proportion of elected members of Parliament. This would disenfranchise the rural population, which the PAD viewed as being
356:
After weeks of opposition-led protests, the Constitutional Court of Thailand dissolves the governing People's Power Party and two coalition member parties and bans leaders of the parties, including Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat, from politics for five years. Wongsawat promptly resigns.
1270:
The PPP issued a statement calling the ruling a "judicial coup", and called into question the court's procedures, for instance, allowing all the PPP's witnesses only 2 hours to speak. It also noted that the wife of one of the judges was an active PAD member, and said that these and other
997:
Yet one could claim in support of the PAD that really was there was a small 'anti-monarchy' movement which supported Thaksin. This disturbed many monarchists. Sondhi Limthongkul, forefront leader of PAD, had claimed this since 2005, when he started criticizing Thaksin Shinawatra for his
2023:
1082:
Also on 26 November, the Civil Court issued an injunction ordering the PAD to leave the Suvarnabhumi International Airport immediately. Notices of the injunction were placed on the front doors of the houses of the 13 PAD leaders. The PAD did not comply with the injunction.
774:
found that Samak had hosted and received payment for hosting two cooking TV shows, "Tasting and Grumbling" and "All Set at 6 am," for a few months after he had become prime minister. He had been hosting the shows for years prior to becoming Premier. Section 267 of the
701:
later reopened on the 30th and 31st.) The State Enterprise Worker's Union threatened to disrupt public infrastructure services including electricity, waterworks, airline, bus, port and communications services, beginning with police and government offices, on 3 September.
950:
death of a female protester and injury of several protesters. The PAD leaders called the demonstrators to return to the Government House and limit the protest only at their 'stronghold', at the House, avoid using violence. Then calm returned to Bangkok.
721:
One week after the PAD began occupation of the Government House grounds, violence erupted as members of the UDDT clashed with the PAD in a melee involving firearms, resulting in 43 injuries and at least one death. Prime Minister Samak, by virtue of the
753:, then the Minister of Foreign Affairs, resigned from office as he disagreed with the Government's measures to remedy the crisis and felt uneasy in representing the Government to foreigners when explaining the prevailing circumstances to them.
456:(UDD) was the group consisting mainly of social activists, scholars, and Thaksin supporters who opposed the 2006 coup deposing Thaksin Shinawatra. It believed that the coup was supported by powerful persons, the "elites" or "nobles", targeting
1182:
at the airport was identified and captured by PAD security forces and forced onto the main PAD stage inside the airport. Angry PAD protesters threw water at her and many tried to hit her. She was eventually allowed to leave the airport.
941:
led a campaign calling for doctors to refuse medical care to police injured during the clashes as a protest against the violence. Doctors from several major Bangkok hospitals joined him in his campaign. Doctor Suthep Kolcharnwit of the
985:
1 million to cover the medical expenses of those injured on both sides in the clashes. The protesters tried to claim the financial donation as a gesture of support for them, though in reality it went to aid injured policemen as well.
796:, said the party planned to propose a parliamentary vote Wednesday on returning Samak to power: "Samak still has legitimacy. The party still hopes to vote him back unless he says no. Otherwise we have many other capable candidates."
853:(a group of royalist businessmen, academics, and activists), vowed to continue its occupation of Government House if a PPP candidate would be nominated: "We would accept anyone as prime minister, as long as he is not from the PPP."
2020:
799:
On 10 September 2008, however, the PPP shied away from their earlier statement they would renominate Sundaravej and was apparently looking for an alternative candidate instead; the new PM was to be nominated on 12 September 2008.
692:
Tensions escalated to crisis when on Tuesday 26 August the protesters stormed and occupied the grounds of the Government House, displacing the prime minister from his offices. Another armed group attacked the headquarters of the
993:
Since the Queen's appearance was without precedent in modern times, many academicians and media deemed them to be "unusual" and perhaps an "explicit royal backing to a five-month street campaign to oust the elected government".
832:
said PPP secretary-general Surapong Suebwonglee will notify the 5 parties who the PPP nominates to take office again. Some lawmakers, however, said they will propose an alternate candidate. Meanwhile, Thailand's army chief Gen.
1250:, such as vote buying. The vote buying is one of countless means chronically practiced by the politicians to be able to win the election; but, it is a severe offence and detrimental to the democratic development as well as the
1087:
while the Air Force was assigned to aid police at Don Muang. The Army's spokesman noted, "The army disagrees with using troops to resolve the problem. The army does not want to do that, and it is not appropriate to do that."
704:
Prime Minister Samak called an emergency session of parliament on 31 August to resolve the issue, but refused to dissolve parliament as suggested by the opposition. Meanwhile, pro-Thaksin protesters calling themselves the
523:. His drug policies were effective at reducing drug use but were attacked for the large number of extrajudicial executions that resulted. He was accused of conflicts of interest due to his family's continued holdings in
468:(government run by traditional elites, nobles, and the bureaucratic polity). In the April 2009 protest, its aims were the immediate resignation of the prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and members of the privy council,
2965:
311:
An appeals court withdraws insurrection charges against PAD leaders and releases Chamlong and Chaiwat on bail. The following day, the remaining PAD leaders turn themselves in to police and are released on bail.
4155:
804:
voted Thursday to reappoint Samak. Samak is the leader of our party so he is the best choice." Despite objections from its coalition partners, the PPP, in an urgent meeting, unanimously decided to renominate
1271:
irregularities would likely lead the Thai people to call the integrity of the court into question and see the ruling as an alternative means of accomplishing a coup. Former PPP MPs and members founded the
4888:
1003:
according to the Constitutions, blasting UDD and Thaksin Shinawatra as anti-monarchist. The controversial issue of the monarchy has been then one of the fierce causes among these factions' supporters.
780:
labour protection or the law on taxation, the spirit of the Constitution gave a broader definition to the term. It thus found Samak guilty of breaching the Constitution and terminated his premiership.
3955:
1148:
The governments of China, France, New Zealand, Singapore, Britain, the United States, Australia, and Japan warned their citizens to avoid Thailand and steer clear of protesters at the airport.
930:, a member of the government coalition. Several protesters lost their hands and legs, although it was not clear whether these injuries were caused by tear gas rounds or the ping-pong grenades.
962:
presided over the funeral ceremony of Angkhana Radappanyawut, the PAD supporter who had been killed by police during the protests. The Queen was accompanied by her youngest daughter, Princess
3102:
1062:, AOT, eventually decided that all Suvarnabhumi flights were suspended, leaving thousands of travelers stranded in the airport., this action led to the official closure of the airport later.
837:
said he backed the creation of a unity government that would include all the country's parties, and he also asked for the lifting of a state of emergency that Samak imposed on 2 September.
4918:
4125:
1159:
US State Department spokesman Gordon Duguid said that occupying the airports was "not an appropriate means of protest" and that the PAD should "walk away from the airports peacefully."
946:
Faculty of Medicine along with several doctors from also refused to provide medical care to police injured in the clash, and urged doctors of other hospitals to boycott police as well.
453:
77:
926:
even lost legs, causing over a hundred injuries. One additional PAD leader was killed, claimed by the police, when the bomb in his car went off in front of the headquarters of the
784:
lacked a quorum. The nomination of a new prime minister was postponed until 17 September, where the PPP successfully nominated Deputy Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat as Premier.
219:
Train and air transport are disrupted by PAD, although services would resume a few days later and state enterprise unions would not follow up on their threat to disrupt services.
2354:
4913:
497:
1065:
The government called on the Royal Thai Army to restore order at the airport. The Army did not follow the orders. In a press conference on 26 November, Army Commander General
756:
On 14 September, the Government issued an Announcement revoking the State of Emergency throughout Bangkok together with all the pertinent announcements, orders, and articles.
4003:
The Order of the Prime Minister No. 195/2551 Re: Appointment of the Competent Authorities for Remedy of the State of Emergency, dated 2 September 2008. (2008, 2 September).
527:, the telecoms business that he founded prior to becoming Premier. Despite this, he became the first politician in Thai history to finish his term. Thaksin's re-election in
2961:
367:. Though it became the largest party in the House, it did not gain an absolute majority. PPP became the leading party when five other smaller parties, previously allies of
849:, caretaker justice minister Sompong Amornwiwat, and PPP Secretary-General Surapong Suebwonglee were PPP's candidates for the premiership. However, Suriyasai Katasila of
1391:
749:
September were not what was prescribed in said Emergency Decree as being a State of Emergency. The complaint also requested the Court to revoke the State of Emergency.
1322:
As the crisis is ongoing and fluid, the final economic consequences of the crisis are as yet unclear. After a state of emergency was declared on 2 September 2008, the
3244:
4908:
4679:
4368:
2466:
2001:
Following a full day of attacks by the police force which resulted in many injuries, some protesters responded to the police attacks with bottles and sticks: police
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2795:
2581:
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2304:
2244:
2137:
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476:, as well as new elections. It also demanded that charges be brought against PAD for the 2008 airport seizures and unrest. Several members of parliament in the
1454:
660:
as the PAD called for Thai investors to withdraw from Cambodia, the closure of all 40 Thai-Cambodian border checkpoints, a ban on all flights from Thailand to
61:
1955:
4700:
4600:
4118:
2400:
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near the border, and the abolition of the committee which oversees demarcation of overlapping sea areas and the unilateral declaration of a Thai marine map.
974:, and many high-ranked officials, but there were no signs of any police personnel. The Queen received a jubilant welcome from thousands of PAD supporters.
119:
644:(PAD) reformed and staged regular street protests. They protested the government's proposals to amend the 2007 constitution, claiming that Prime Minister
605:. A junta-appointed committee drafted a substantially revised constitution. Elections were scheduled for December 2007. Many TRT politicians moved to the
303:
many hours. Intermittent clashes leave two dead and over 300 injured, including 20 policemen. Military troops are deployed to help control the situation.
2526:
1314:
and a "Anupong-style coup d'etat." The circumstances of his ascent to power closely linked Abhisit to the Bangkok elite, the Army, and the Royal Palace.
694:
240:
2700:
3823:
3310:
3192:
2598:
2548:
1606:
3997:
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3530:
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1110:, no flights with passengers were allowed for eight days. The PAD was apologetic to inconvenienced travelers in the airports and offered them food.
706:
251:
Anti-PAD protesters clash with PAD, leaving one dead and 43 injured. A state of emergency is declared in Bangkok. It would last until 14 September.
3813:
3681:
3127:
2775:
2755:
2726:
2449:
2429:
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2003:
574:. The PAD led protests demanding that Thaksin pay additional taxes, despite the SEC and the Revenue Department saying that no wrong had been done.
4160:
4111:
1295:
4356:
4134:
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270:, Thaksin's brother-in-law, is ratified by the National Assembly and becomes prime minister. He is rejected by PAD for being Thaksin's nominee.
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returns to Thailand after his political allies win new elections and formed a coalition government. He and his wife face charges of corruption.
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2501:
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3501:
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1937:
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652:. The PAD also criticized the Samak government's decision to support the Cambodian government's application for the listing of the disputed
4893:
4456:
590:
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4543:
4327:
4300:
1416:
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PAD forces also forced their way into the control tower, demanding the flight plan for Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat's return from the
489:
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2938:
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3887:
2652:
1487:
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3270:
440:. Samak had announced that he was Thaksin's nominee during his election campaign, Somchai is Thaksin's brother-in-law, and several new
243:. Little effort is made to remove the protesters from Government House, although minor clashes between police and protesters are seen.
4669:
4351:
1327:
1201:
1027:
1017:
898:
850:
641:
626:
606:
551:
528:
519:. Thaksin's grassroots economic policies helped reduce poverty and provided universal health care, making him hugely popular in rural
512:
493:
424:
420:. After days of negotiations, Abhisit Vejjajiva, leader of the Democrat Party, was voted in by a margin of 235 in favor, 198 against.
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192:
49:
45:
32:
4531:
1411:
1381:
1026:." A convoy of hundreds of armed PAD members dressed in yellow blocked the two ends of the road in front of the terminal building of
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145:
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771:
383:
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1983:
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Prime Minister Somchai Wongsawat was, therefore, disqualified by the Court's decision, and replaced in a caretaker capacity by
825:
320:
The supreme court finds Thaksin guilty in a land purchase conflict of interest case, and sentences him to two years in prison.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080915033838/http://www.thairath.co.th/online.php?section=newsthairathonline&content=102915
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Reelections for the 26 constituencies of the banned executive members from the three parties were held on 11 December 2008.
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found him guilty of being an employee of a television cooking program after he became the prime minister. PPP deputy leader
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forms a coalition government and becomes prime minister after winning the majority of seats in the 2007 general elections.
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to prepare for the event that the PPP should be banned, and PPP members immediately started joining the For Thais Party.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20090417165658/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2008/10/14/politics/politics_30085986.php
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PAD demonstrates at Democracy Monument, demanding Samak's resignation, and later occupies Makkhawan Rangsan Bridge.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080903083741/http://www.thairath.co.th/offline.php?section=hotnews&content=102834
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the outcome of the trials while the others would not; however, the Court ask for the faith and trust in it... The
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https://web.archive.org/web/20080913051049/http://www.concourt.or.th/download/Center_desic/51/center12-13_51.pdf
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are arrested by police on insurrection charges filed shortly after the invasion of Government House in August.
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562:, prominent socialites and members of the Thai royal family who claimed that Thaksin frequently insulted King
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Thanapol Eawsakul, "The Coup for Democracy with the King as Head of State", Fa Dieo Kan special issue, 2007
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were stopped after the People's Alliance for Democracy seized control of the domestic passenger terminal.
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2793:ฟันธง!!ปชป.แห้วจัดตั้งรัฐบาล แม้ศาล รธน.สั่งยุบ 3 พรรค เสียงส.ส.รัฐบาล ยังเกินครึ่งเพียบ-โอกาสพลิกขั้วยาก
737:, Army Commander in Chief, in charge of the remedy of the said State of Emergency, and appointed Pol Gen
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reached its lowest point since January 2007 at 655.62; it had fallen 24.7% since the beginning of the
348:, leaving thousands of tourists stranded. Several explosions and clashes occur in the following days.
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Southeast Asian Press Alliance, "Thai protesters storm government-run TV station, cut off programming
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231:, skip bail and flee to the UK two weeks after she was sentenced to three years in prison for fraud.
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proposal was sent to the government. Neither the PAD or the government complied with the proposal.
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Declaration of the State of Emergency within the areas of Bangkok Metropolis (2008, 2 September).
2381:"ศรัณยู"ไม่สนถูกปลดพิธีกรช่อง 7 ลั่นไม่ง้ออยู่แล้ว "มหา"ปูดผู้ใหญ่ขอให้ม็อบเลิก แต่มาไกลหยุดไม่ได้
2242:ศูนย์นเรนทรสรุปคนเจ็บ "บึ้ม-ปะทะ" เย็นวานถึงตอนนี้ 19 ราย พธม.ชี้ รบ.บึ้ม ดอนเมือง การ์ดตรวจ24ช.ม.
1723:
Government Gazette, "Declaration of the State of Emergency within the areas of Bangkok Metropolis"
259:
The Constitutional Court finds Samak guilty of conflict of interest, terminating his premiership.
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2826:ยุบ"พปช.-มัชฌิมา-ชาติไทย" ศาล รธน.มีมติเอกฉันท์-เพิกถอนสิทธิ กก.บริหารยกพวง ระบุ กม.บังคับเด็ดขาด
2321:
1299:
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As PAD was attacked, it stepped up its protests by seizing the government's temporary offices at
368:
181:
81:
73:
69:
750:
412:, and MPs of the former PPP coalition partners to cross the aisle and form a coalition with the
328:
The UK government, where Thaksin has resided, revokes the visas of Thaksin and his (then) wife,
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17:
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593:, telling them that the Thai military must obey the orders of the King – not the Government.
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4265:
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Thai Rath, "อนุพงษ์ชี้'ฉุกเฉิน' แค่ยุตินองเลือด ปัดภารกิจยึดทำเนียบคืน". (2551, 3 กันยายน).
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1987:
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1213:
817:
544:
477:
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3749:
2988:"Thai oppn set to form ruling coalition – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)"
1034:, then entered the terminal, much to the surprise of the thousands of travellers inside.
1022:
On the evening of Tuesday 25 November 2008, the PAD executed what they called "Operation
581:
started secretly planning for a military coup, despite regular denials. On 14 July 2006,
4093:
A list of 63 websites censored by the Abhisit government during the Songkran 2009 unrest
4568:
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1980:
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its decision immediately after hearing closing comments from the Chart Thai party.
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2849:
The three parties dissolved, and Thaksin's emergent phone-in to continue fighting.
1246:
to justify the elections, especially, through providing the provisions to prevent
239:
PAD protesters invade Government House, three ministries, and headquarters of the
4103:
909:) against each of them and eight other protest leaders. At the Government House,
4821:
4080:
https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20081013/wl_asia_afp/thailandpoliticsprotestfuneral
3597:
http://bangkokpundit.blogspot.com/2008/02/samak-and-anupong-sitting-in-tree.html
2092:
Krungthep Business, "พระราชินีรับสั่งน้องโบว์เป็นเด็กดี 'ช่วยชาติ-รักษาสถาบัน'".
710:
97:
72:. PAD followers usually dressed in yellow, yellow being the royal color of King
3412:
1503:
3862:
Thai foreign minister quits as Bangkok protests drag on. (2008, 3 September).
1179:
1055:
922:
661:
601:
President Prem harshly criticized Thaksin, who was in exile, comparing him to
511:
Thaksin Shinawatra's Thai Rak Thai party (TRT) won a landslide victory in the
480:
were vocal in their support of UDD, as well as of Thaksin Shinawatra himself.
341:
3981:
Thai Rath, "ข่าวลือสะพัด'เตช'ลาออก หนักใจตอบต่างประเทศ". (2551, 3 กันยายน).
2844:
1331:
1323:
1023:
726:
on Public Administration in Emergency Situation, BE 2548 (2005), declared a
665:
2447:
Chamlong alerts protesters to move from Government House to Bangkok airport
2189:
1568:
648:
and his government are acting as a proxy for former deposed prime minister
4641:
1849:
Bloomberg, "Thailand Postpones Premier Vote After Samak Boycott (Update2)"
1804:
People's Daily Online, "Thai ruling coalition to submit PM nominee Friday"
1156:
Thailand, the EU considers that these actions are totally inappropriate".
2773:
PAD guards capture plainclothes policewoman, parade her before protesters
1251:
520:
408:
It is alleged that the army then urged MPs of a former PPP faction, the
4746:
3039:"Thailand's Democrat Party, former coalition parties to form new gov't"
2282:
Civil Court orders protesters to leave Suvarnabhumi Airport immediately
1741:
Thai Rath, "อนุพงษ์ชี้'ฉุกเฉิน' แค่ยุตินองเลือด ปัดภารกิจยึดทำเนียบคืน"
1485:
Quo Vadis Thailand? Thai Politics after the 2005 Parliamentary Election
906:
669:
630:
570:
while making use of a regulation that exempted individuals from paying
3933:"Thai protesters storm government-run TV station, cut off programming"
3354:
Chamlong unperturbed by growing public dissatisfaction with protesters
1012:
Protest at Suvarnabhumi International Airport and closures of airports
4578:
841:
723:
676:
insufficiently educated to vote for anti-Thaksin Shinawatra parties.
3432:
445:
the corrupted politicians". In May 2009, PAD founded its party, the
4021:
Thai Police Arrest Another Leader Of Protest as Crackdown Continues
864:, as its candidate for prime minister to succeed Samak Sundaravej.
80:(UDD) followers, known as supporters of the deposed prime minister
2021:
Khunying Pornthip assures that lost leg was not caused by tear gas
1759:
Reuters, "Thai foreign minister quits as Bangkok protests drag on"
1732:
Government Gazette, "The Order of the Prime Minister No. 195/2551"
683:
620:
31:
4098:
In depth – Thailand – Political turmoil in the streets of Bangkok
3014:"Thailand's Democrat Party leader confident of forming coalition"
2813:
Constitution court begins after red shirt protesters try to block
1669:
Wannabovorn, "Thai protest refuses order to leave gov't compound"
1240:
Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, Buddhist Era 2550 (2007)
905:, conspiracy, illegal assembly, and refusing orders to disperse (
3935:. Southeast Asian Press Alliance. 25 August 2008. Archived from
3519:
ap.google.com, Thai leader forced to resign over TV cooking show
1107:
1047:
1043:
982:
428:
critical TV program of Sondhi Limthongkul. In 2008, PAD accused
211:
Samak's government survives no-confidence motion in parliament.
4582:
4107:
3868:
https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSBKK12612220080903
2962:"Democrat-led Thai government emerging, party claims (Roundup)"
2222:
Anupong's panel calls for House dissolution and end of protests
1440:
Pongsudhirak Thitinan, "Victory places Thaksin at crossroads",
990:
also made a financial contribution to the dead woman's family.
3888:"UPDATE 2-Thai emergency hits baht and shares, but bonds rise"
3156:
Sriring, "Thai emergency hits baht and shares, but bonds rise"
1867:
Washington Post, "Ousted Premier Ends Attempt to Get Job Back"
1813:
Bangkok Post, "Coalition parties to hold meeting this evening"
1687:
Wannabovorn, "Pressure grows on Thai prime minister to resign"
1175:
the explosion. It was not clear who or what set the bomb off.
91:
3659:
Thailand Postpones Premier Vote After Samak Boycott (Update2)
3591:
Samak and Anupong Sitting in a Tree.... (2008, 3 September).
1542:พล.ท.สพรั่ง กัลยาณมิตร"วางแผนปฏิรูปการปกครองมาแล้ว 7–8 เดือน"
921:
Armed with batons, PAD forces surrounded Parliament and used
4640:
3387:"Analysis dark rumours around Thai monarchy and PAD victory"
1696:
AFP, "Thai PM turns to parliament to try to defuse protests"
44:
Beginning in 2008, there was worsening conflict between the
3913:"Thai former Prime Minister seeks asylum in United Kingdom"
2106:
Reuters, "Thai queen weighs in with anti-govt protesters.".
1935:
One dead, hundreds injured in Thai anti-government protests
1678:
AFP, "Thai protesters, police scuffle as turmoil escalates"
1091:
rioting," Suriyasai said. Suriyasai also threatened to use
1074:
police or forensics experts to investigate the explosions.
707:
United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship of Thailand
3705:พระราชินีรับสั่งน้องโบว์เป็นเด็กดี 'ช่วยชาติ-รักษาสถาบัน'.
2854:"˹ 1 غ3 ä ѡ Գ ÷ѹ ˹ع : www.thairath.co.th - ˹ѧ; Ѱ Ź"
195:
regroups, threatening to resume protests against Thaksin.
36:
The People's Alliance for Democracy besieged and occupied
4076:
Thai queen attends funeral for anti-government protester.
1885:
Reuters, "Thai ruling coalition begins search for new PM"
1633:
Sondhi Limthongkul’s solution to the Preah Vihear dispute
1334:
hit a one-year low of 34.52 per US dollar, prompting the
876:
on 17 September, winning 263 votes against 163 votes for
640:, came under pressure to resign since May 2008, when the
577:
The protests escalated. In February 2006, Army Commander
3709:
http://www.bangkokbiznews.com/2008/10/13/news_302910.php
2262:
THAILAND: Watershed moment for democracy and rule of law
2124:
The Nation, "Queen attends slain protester's cremation".
2040:
Angkhana killed by tear gas canister explosion: Pornthip
1923:
Angkhana killed by tear gas canister explosion: Pornthip
1200:
was scheduled to rule on whether or not to dissolve the
3804:
Tolerance winning the day at Government House – for now
3450:"Thai PM turns to parliament to try to defuse protests"
3145:
Abhisit Vejjajiva is the new prime minister of Thailand
2555:. Agence France-Presse. 4 December 2008. Archived from
1786:
AP, "Thai leader forced to resign over TV cooking show"
1750:
Thai Rath, "ข่าวลือสะพัด'เตช'ลาออก หนักใจตอบต่างประเทศ"
1054:
on the evening of 25 November 2008 before flying on to
454:
National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship
78:
National United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship
4889:
Attacks on government buildings and structures in Asia
3472:. Agence France-Presse. 29 August 2008. Archived from
3470:"Thai protesters, police scuffle as turmoil escalates"
3452:. Agence France-Presse. 31 August 2008. Archived from
2676:"Blast Prompts Thai Protesters to Seek Police Patrols"
1876:
Bangkok Post, "Somchai, Sompong are candidates for PM"
1831:
Xinhua, "Party spokesman: Samak accepts PM nomination"
1714:
Bangkok Post, "Samak and Anupong Sitting in a Tree..."
1567:. Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy. Archived from
1167:
On the night of 26 November 2008, the services at the
913:, however, stated that demonstrations would continue.
84:, dressed in red and were widely called "red shirts".
4028:"Thai protest refuses order to leave gov't compound"
2612:"EU Says Airport Protests Damaging Thailand's Image"
1768:
Financial Times, "Bangkok state of emergency lifted"
1705:
Gecker, "Thai premier declares emergency in capital"
1494:, Strategic Insights, Volume IV, Issue 6 (June 2005)
1233:, President of the nine-judge panel, remarked that:
730:
in Bangkok at 07.00 hours of the following morning.
4776:
4760:
4729:
4693:
4652:
4616:
4519:
4467:
4432:
4379:
4341:
4293:
4176:
4141:
3556:
Electric shocks, sparks, drainage lids deter police
3502:
Thai PM turns to parliament to defuse protest siege
1187:
Constitutional Court ruling on parties' dissolution
1106:With the exception of one airplane leaving for the
688:
PAD protesters at the Government House on 26 August
609:. The PPP won the December elections and nominated
3750:Bangkok protesters hurt in anti-government clashes
3496:Thai police arrest second anti-govt protest leader
3125:Question loom over new Prime Minister's legitimacy
382:Samak was forced to resign in September after the
344:, where the government had temporary offices, and
4045:"Pressure grows on Thai prime minister to resign"
3852:Thai ruling coalition to submit PM nominee Friday
3507:The Age, "Thai PM jumps fence to flee protesters"
3284:"Welcome to Bangkok airport – no passport needed"
3219:Thai power base useless in bridging social divide
2302:นำหมายศาลติดหน้าบ้าน13แกนนำ "สนธิ"เห็นแล้วรีบชิ่ง
1981:Blood on Thai streets as political crisis worsens
901:, were detained by the Thai police on charges of
741:, National Police Commander in Chief, and Lt Gen
3512:Strike by Thai anti-government forces falls flat
3095:"Thai army to 'help voters love' the government"
1912:The Nation, "Somchai elected new prime minister"
1822:AP, Thai ruling party re-nominates leader as PM"
1622:Head, "Rifts behind Thailand's political crisis"
636:The Samak Sundaravej government, elected in the
371:, agreed to join the coalition government under
4919:Attacks on buildings and structures in Thailand
4680:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
4007:(vol 125, pt 144 D, special issue). pp. 3.
3716:Thai queen weighs in with anti-govt protesters.
3671:Thai judges issue warrants to arrest protesters
2549:"Thai Airways flight leaves Bangkok for Sydney"
2401:Thai police surround defiant airport protesters
1954:Mydans, Seth; Fuller, Thomas (8 October 2008).
1840:CNN, "Thai ruling party nominates Samak for PM"
1235:
531:had the highest voter turnout in Thai history.
3881:Thai ruling coalition begins search for new PM
3691:(vol 125, pt 144 D, special issue), p. 1.
3569:Coalition parties to hold meeting this evening
2701:"US : PAD should walk away from airports"
2115:BBC News, "Thailand's queen mourns protester".
4594:
4119:
3875:Thai ruling party picks Thaksin in-law for PM
3699:www.ft.com, Bangkok state of emergency lifted
3490:Thai ruling party leaders back Somchai for PM
3341:THAILAND'S POLITICAL MAZE – A BEGINNERS GUIDE
3245:"Q+A-Thailand's intractable political crisis"
3180:Thai Loyalists Show Strength As Tourism Falls
2599:Defiant Thai PM rejects army pressure to quit
2135:พธม.เรียกยึดสุวรรณภูมิเป็นปฏิบัติการฮิโรชิม่า
2052:จิตแพทย์"สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา"ร่วมวงงดให้บริการตร.
1119:achieved our aims," said Sondhi Limthongkul.
1018:Seizure of Suvarnabhumi International Airport
897:and rally organizer, Chaiwat Sinsuwongse, of
332:, while the couple were travelling in China.
8:
4768:Metharath University (Shinawatra University)
4701:Sale of Shin Corporation to Temasek Holdings
4070:Party spokesman: Samak accepts PM nomination
3858:6-Thai deputy PM quits after Bangkok clashes
3727:"Thai premier declares emergency in capital"
2494:"Thai Protesters Maintain Airport Blockades"
2102:
2100:
2098:
1123:at a convention centre outside the airport.
4914:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2008
4064:Ousted Premier Ends Attempt to Get Job Back
3525:Thai ruling party re-nominates leader as PM
2643:"Polis borttvingad från Bangkoks flygplats"
1903:Bangkok Post, "Parliament confirms Somchai"
1563:Tinsulanonda, General Prem (14 July 2006).
1455:"Unprecedented 72% turnout for latest poll"
1392:Public opinion of the 2006 Thai coup d'état
658:Tensions rose between Thailand and Cambodia
399:seizure and closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport
126:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4601:
4587:
4579:
4126:
4112:
4104:
4012:upi.com, Bangkok state of emergency lifted
3820:Queen attends slain protester's cremation.
3757:"Rifts behind Thailand's political crisis"
2355:"Thai protesters brace for police assault"
1483:Aurel Croissant and Daniel J. Pojar, Jr.,
981:Previously, the revered Queen had donated
695:National Broadcasting Services of Thailand
157:
2543:
2541:
2539:
1306:" faction, a splinter of the banned PPP.
1229:Prior to the delivery of decision, judge
1095:if police attempted to disperse the PAD.
937:Afterwards, Doctor Suthep Kolcharnwit of
146:Learn how and when to remove this message
68:(TRT) party government of Prime Minister
3784:PAD Protesters, Police in Tense Standoff
3665:Thai ruling party nominates Samak for PM
3587:Wife of Chamlong visits him after arrest
3413:Violence Shakes Elite Myth of Thai Unity
2931:"Thailand to hold reelection on Dec. 11"
2911:แถลงการณ์ของกรรมการบริหารพรรคพลังประชาชน
2467:"We control Bangkok airport: protesters"
1858:BBC, "Samak out of Thai leadership race"
1777:UPI, "Bangkok state of emergency lifted"
792:Karn Tienkaew, deputy leader of Samak's
3703:Krungthep Business. (2551, 13 ตุลาคม).
3563:Airports still shut, trains not running
3311:"Embarrassed citizens plan retaliation"
2579:2ส.ส.ปชป.ชี้พันธมิตรสามารถยึดสนามบินได้
2335:PAD vows to fight off police crackdowns
1433:
1296:Thais United National Development Party
893:On 4 and 5 October 2008, respectively,
4909:Political career of Thaksin Shinawatra
3678:คำวินิจฉัยศาลรัฐธรรมนูญที่ 12-13/2551.
3575:Somchai, Sompong are candidates for PM
2753:Explosion occurs at Don Mueang Airport
2524:PAD cease all anti-government protests
1894:BBC, "Thai party names nominee for PM"
1795:BBC, "Thai coalition looks for new PM"
1651:BBC, "Thai protesters 'want new coup'"
1522:The persistent myth of the 'good' coup
668:, the construction of a naval base at
282:begins negotiations with PAD leaders.
4043:Wannabovorn, Sutin (30 August 2008).
4026:Wannabovorn, Sutin (28 August 2008).
3886:Sriring, Orathai (2 September 2008).
3834:Police Arrest Leader of Thai Protests
3767:from the original on 2 September 2008
3711:>. (เข้าถึงเมื่อ: 13 ตุลาคม 2551).
3614:from the original on 2 September 2008
3074:from the original on 15 December 2008
515:, the first elections held under the
488:The 2008 crisis had its roots in the
52:(PPP) governments of Prime Ministers
7:
4864:Riots and civil disorder in Thailand
3915:. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from
3725:Gecker, Jocelyn (2 September 2008).
3232:Thai protesters gird for a crackdown
2968:from the original on 10 January 2009
2941:from the original on 6 December 2008
2891:from the original on 6 December 2008
2655:from the original on 2 December 2008
2641:Ringborg, Maria (29 November 2008).
2622:from the original on 2 December 2008
2075:Chulalongkorn doctors boycott police
1163:Closure of Bangkok Don Muang Airport
591:Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
290:PAD leaders Chaiwat Sinsuwongse and
124:adding citations to reliable sources
3646:"Thailand's queen mourns protester"
3271:More turmoil in beleaguered Bangkok
2492:Fuller, Thomas (28 November 2008).
1956:"Hundreds Injured in Thai Protests"
1286:most of the dissolved parties, the
1281:On 6 December 2008, the opposition
917:Clashes and the siege of Parliament
589:addressed graduating cadets of the
346:Suvarnabhumi International Airports
76:, and were called "yellow shirts".
4082:>. (Retrieved 13 October 2008).
3826:>. (Retrieved 14 October 2008).
3814:Somchai elected new prime minister
3729:. Associated Press. Archived from
3721:>. (Retrieved 13 October 2008).
3684:. (เข้าถึงเมื่อ: 12 กันยายน 2551).
3653:Thai deputy prime minister resigns
3531:Thai deputy prime minister resigns
2870:>. (Retrieved 4 December 2008).
2674:Fuller, Thomas (1 December 2008).
2019:National news Bureau of Thailand,
1565:"A special lecture to CRMA cadets"
1461:. 10 February 2005. Archived from
1028:Suvarnabhumi International Airport
25:
4000:. (เข้าถึงเมื่อ: 3 กันยายน 2551).
3989:. (เข้าถึงเมื่อ: 3 กันยายน 2551).
3794:Treason versus Civil Disobedience
3755:Head, Jonathan (27 August 2008).
3634:Samak out of Thai leadership race
3604:"Thai protesters 'want new coup'"
3193:"Latest Stories From News.Com.Au"
3093:Bell, Thomas (18 December 2008).
3064:"New Thai prime minister elected"
2504:from the original on 17 June 2013
717:September 2008 state of emergency
64:, when PAD protested against the
4562:
4549:
4074:Yahoo! News. (13 October 2008).
3843:Thai Protesters Trap Legislators
3818:The Nation. (2008, 14 October).
3433:Thailand Slides Toward Civil War
3385:Brown, David (3 December 2008).
3105:from the original on 27 May 2010
2990:. Australia: ABC. Archived from
2190:Thailand: Heading For Mobocracy?
1330:demonstrations in May 2008. The
1052:Don Mueang International Airport
772:Constitutional Court of Thailand
766:Samak Sundaravej: Court Decision
96:
4706:2005–2006 Thai political crisis
4544:History of Thailand (1973–2001)
4005:Government Gazette of Thailand,
3640:Thai party names nominee for PM
3628:Thai coalition looks for new PM
3309:Topp, Chris (1 December 2008).
3167:Air cargo terminal to open soon
1591:Anti-Thaksin alliance dissolved
1417:Cambodian–Thai border stand-off
1038:Official closure of the airport
899:People's Alliance for Democracy
851:People's Alliance for Democracy
642:People's Alliance for Democracy
638:December 2007 general elections
617:2008 resumption of PAD protests
554:soon gathered supporters among
552:People's Alliance for Democracy
490:2005–2006 Thai political crisis
425:People's Alliance for Democracy
60:. It was a continuation of the
46:People's Alliance for Democracy
18:2008–2010 Thai political crisis
4135:History of Thailand since 2001
3689:Government Gazette of Thailand
2260:Asian Human Rights Committee,
1058:. After hours of turmoil, the
860:, on 15 September 2008, named
808:. 5 coalition parties, namely
464:. The UDD aimed to topple the
365:December 2007 general election
1:
4904:Political history of Thailand
4532:Cambodian–Thai border dispute
4156:60th anniversary celebrations
3870:. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
3644:BBC News. (13 October 2008).
3599:. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
1412:2013–14 Thai political crisis
1382:2005–06 Thai political crisis
1377:Thammasat University massacre
1267:, the Deputy Prime Minister.
870:National Assembly of Thailand
777:2007 Constitution of Thailand
227:Thaksin and his (then) wife,
3714:Reuters. (13 October 2008).
3648:. Retrieved 13 October 2008.
2881:"Ousting the prime minister"
1407:2010 Thai military crackdown
1402:2010 Thai political protests
1050:. Somchai flew into Bangkok
27:Political crisis in Thailand
4894:Attacks on airports in Asia
3911:Shen Min (12 August 2008).
3581:Parliament confirms Somchai
2427:PAD guards detain policeman
2414:Pro-PAD man in House ruckus
826:Ruam Jai Thai Chart Pattana
788:Reactions to court decision
4935:
4711:2008 Thai political crisis
3966:Thailand democracy at risk
2964:. Monstersandcritics.com.
2960:James Wray and Ulf Stabe.
1604:Thailand has its 'Hitlers'
1397:2009 Thai political unrest
1371:1973 Thai popular uprising
1186:
1140:of democratic countries."
1015:
953:
874:Prime Minister of Thailand
840:On 12 September 2008, the
763:
709:(UDDT) began to gather in
656:as a World Heritage site.
62:2005–2006 political crisis
40:from August–December 2008.
4824:(great-great grandfather)
4638:
4540:
4527:South Thailand insurgency
2471:The Sydney Morning Herald
1078:Attempts to evict the PAD
770:On 9 September 2008, the
680:Siege of Government House
517:Thai Constitution of 1997
4100:, CBC News, 14 May 2010.
2267:28 December 2008 at the
2080:11 December 2008 at the
1638:27 December 2008 at the
1361:Constitution of Thailand
1292:Neutral Democratic Party
1180:plainclothes policewoman
944:Chulalongkorn University
733:Sundaravej also put Gen
3707:. เ้ข้าถึงได้จาก: <
3418:2 December 2008 at the
2916:4 December 2008 at the
2831:4 December 2008 at the
2798:4 December 2008 at the
2778:2 December 2008 at the
2758:2 December 2008 at the
2529:3 December 2008 at the
2452:2 December 2008 at the
2432:2 December 2008 at the
2386:1 December 2008 at the
2287:21 January 2009 at the
2195:1 December 2008 at the
2140:1 December 2008 at the
2057:8 December 2008 at the
2026:5 December 2008 at the
2006:8 December 2008 at the
1940:10 October 2008 at the
1527:12 October 2006 at the
1144:International reactions
159:Timeline of key events
4879:Rebellions in Thailand
4798:Paetongtarn Shinawatra
4792:Panthongtae Shinawatra
4645:
4278:Paetongtarn Shinawatra
3676:Constitutional Court,
3373:History repeats itself
2847:. (2008, 3 December).
1986:8 October 2008 at the
1508:6 January 2007 at the
1265:Chaovarat Chanweerakul
1259:Following the decision
1256:
1196:In December 2008, the
939:Chulalongkorn Hospital
888:
689:
633:
410:Friends of Newin Group
278:Deputy Prime Minister
180:Former prime minister
41:
4899:2000s political riots
4844:2008 in Thai politics
4761:Namesake institutions
4742:Advanced Info Service
4644:
3359:18 April 2009 at the
3130:18 April 2009 at the
2584:16 April 2009 at the
2340:18 April 2009 at the
2307:16 April 2009 at the
2247:16 April 2009 at the
1609:22 March 2009 at the
1490:19 April 2009 at the
1422:2014 Thai coup d'état
1387:2006 Thai coup d'état
1309:On 15 December 2008,
1192:Prior to the decision
932:Pornthip Rojanasunand
739:Patcharavat Wongsuwan
687:
624:
506:2007 general election
484:Origins of the crisis
436:of being proxies for
280:Chavalit Yongchaiyudh
35:
4874:Protests in Thailand
4816:Chaiyasit Shinawatra
4786:Potjaman Na Pombejra
4752:Manchester City F.C.
4670:People's Power Party
4653:Political activities
4348:Anti-Thaksin groups
3956:Thai-style democracy
3939:on 17 September 2008
3070:. 15 December 2008.
2618:. 29 November 2008.
2227:9 April 2009 at the
1366:Politics of Thailand
1342:100,000 to 350,000.
1198:Constitutional Court
1127:Views on the seizure
1060:Airports of Thailand
970:, Opposition Leader
958:On 13 October 2008,
868:was ratified by the
607:People's Power Party
579:Sonthi Boonyaratglin
556:Dhammayuttika Nikaya
401:after the arrest of
384:Constitutional Court
330:Potjaman Na Pombejra
229:Potjaman Na Pombejra
120:improve this section
50:People's Power Party
4804:Yingluck Shinawatra
4665:Thai Rak Thai Party
4660:Palang Dharma Party
4556:Thailand portal
4237:Yingluck Shinawatra
4017:Wall Street Journal
3976:I won't quit: Samak
3733:on 5 September 2008
3456:on 2 September 2008
3099:The Daily Telegraph
2887:. 2 December 2008.
1593:, 21 September 2006
1544:, 24 September 2006
1225:Summary of decision
654:Preah Vihear Temple
160:
4646:
4610:Thaksin Shinawatra
4569:History portal
4186:Thaksin Shinawatra
4151:Bhumibol Adulyadej
4078:. Available: <
4047:. Associated Press
4030:. Associated Press
3968:, 3 September 2008
3919:on 10 January 2009
3898:on 12 January 2009
3839:The New York Times
3830:The New York Times
3822:. Available: <
3718:. Available: <
3610:. 26 August 2008.
3514:, 3 September 2008
3422:, 30 November 2008
3343:, 26 November 2008
3321:on 3 December 2008
3290:. 29 November 2008
3273:, 25 November 2008
3251:. 27 November 2008
3234:, 28 November 2008
3221:, 28 November 2008
3147:, 15 December 2008
3134:, 17 December 2008
2860:on 6 December 2008
2851:. Available: <
2782:, 29 November 2008
2762:, 29 November 2008
2733:on 1 December 2008
2680:The New York Times
2601:, 26 November 2008
2588:, 26 November 2008
2498:The New York Times
2473:. 26 November 2008
2456:, 29 November 2008
2436:, 29 November 2008
2416:, 29 November 2008
2403:, 29 November 2008
2390:, 28 November 2008
2361:. 27 November 2008
2344:, 27 November 2008
2324:, 27 November 2008
2322:State of Emergency
2311:, 27 November 2008
2291:, 26 November 2008
2271:, 26 November 2008
2251:, 26 November 2008
2231:, 26 November 2008
2211:, 25 November 2008
2199:, 26 November 2008
2144:, 26 November 2008
1960:The New York Times
1571:on 7 November 2007
1300:For the Motherland
1210:Matchima Thippatai
1169:Don Mueang Airport
954:Queen's appearance
911:Sondhi Limthongkul
858:People Power Party
814:Neutral Democratic
794:People Power Party
728:state of emergency
690:
650:Thaksin Shinawatra
634:
564:Bhumibol Adulyadej
536:Sondhi Limthongkul
447:New Politics Party
395:Don Mueang Airport
369:Thaksin Shinawatra
182:Thaksin Shinawatra
158:
82:Thaksin Shinawatra
74:Bhumibol Adulyadej
70:Thaksin Shinawatra
42:
4884:Government crises
4859:Conflicts in 2008
4831:
4830:
4810:Somchai Wongsawat
4576:
4575:
4249:Prayut Chan-o-cha
4220:Abhisit Vejjajiva
4215:Somchai Wongsawat
4198:Surayud Chulanont
4161:death and funeral
3996:. เข้าถึงได้จาก:
3985:. เข้าถึงได้จาก:
3972:The Straits Times
3680:. เข้าถึงได้จาก:
3476:on 2 October 2012
3435:, 6 December 2008
3375:, 1 December 2008
3182:, 1 December 2008
3169:, 2 December 2008
2920:, 2 December 2008
2835:, 2 December 2008
2815:, 2 December 2008
2802:, 1 December 2008
2533:, 2 December 2008
1444:, 9 February 2005
1346:Political effects
1311:Abhisit Vejjajiva
1294:, as well as the
1288:Thai Nation Party
1067:Anupong Paochinda
972:Abhisit Vejjajiva
968:Anupong Paochinda
895:Chamlong Srimuang
889:Chamlong's arrest
878:Abhisit Vejjajiva
866:Somchai Wongsawat
862:Somchai Wongsawat
847:Somchai Wongsawat
835:Anupong Paochinda
830:Somchai Wongsawat
743:Prayuth Chan-ocha
735:Anupong Paochinda
629:demonstrators in
587:Prem Tinsulanonda
572:capital gains tax
560:Luang Ta Maha Bua
474:Surayud Chulanont
470:Prem Tinsulanonda
458:Prem Tinsulanonda
434:Somchai Wongsawat
418:Abhisit Vejjajiva
403:Chamlong Srimuang
388:Somchai Wongsawat
361:
360:
292:Chamlong Srimuang
268:Somchai Wongsawat
156:
155:
148:
58:Somchai Wongsawat
16:(Redirected from
4926:
4849:2008 in Thailand
4812:(brother-in-law)
4737:Shin Corporation
4603:
4596:
4589:
4580:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4266:Srettha Thavisin
4210:Samak Sundaravej
4128:
4121:
4114:
4105:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4039:
4037:
4035:
3978:, 31 August 2008
3958:, 30 August 2008
3948:
3946:
3944:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3894:. Archived from
3806:, 29 August 2008
3796:, 28 August 2008
3786:, 27 August 2008
3776:
3774:
3772:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3673:, 27 August 2008
3623:
3621:
3619:
3558:, 30 August 2008
3551:
3549:
3547:
3504:, 30 August 2008
3485:
3483:
3481:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3436:
3429:
3423:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3382:
3376:
3369:
3363:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3317:. Archived from
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3280:
3274:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3241:
3235:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3199:on 18 April 2009
3195:. Archived from
3189:
3183:
3176:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3148:
3141:
3135:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2994:on 16 April 2009
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2927:
2921:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2856:. Archived from
2842:
2836:
2822:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2789:
2783:
2769:
2763:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2729:. Archived from
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2707:on 17 April 2009
2703:. Archived from
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2608:
2602:
2595:
2589:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2559:on 21 April 2009
2545:
2534:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2463:
2457:
2443:
2437:
2423:
2417:
2410:
2404:
2397:
2391:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2331:
2325:
2318:
2312:
2298:
2292:
2278:
2272:
2258:
2252:
2238:
2232:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:on 18 April 2009
2166:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2068:
2062:
2061:, 8 October 2008
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2017:
2011:
2010:, 8 October 2008
1997:
1991:
1990:, 7 October 2008
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:, 7 October 2008
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1670:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1643:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1613:, 5 October 2006
1600:
1594:
1589:People's Daily,
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:, 2 October 2006
1518:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1465:on 19 March 2005
1451:
1445:
1438:
1336:Bank of Thailand
1318:Economic effects
1304:Friends of Newin
1302:party, and the "
1114:End of the siege
1007:Airport seizures
1000:Jakrapob Penkair
928:Chart Thai Party
884:October violence
806:Samak Sundaravej
724:Emergency Decree
646:Samak Sundaravej
611:Samak Sundaravej
568:Temasek Holdings
525:Shin Corporation
430:Samak Sundaravej
373:Samak Sundaravej
363:The PPP won the
170:Samak Sundaravej
161:
151:
144:
140:
137:
131:
100:
92:
54:Samak Sundaravej
38:Government House
21:
4934:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4854:2008 in Bangkok
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4772:
4756:
4730:Business career
4725:
4689:
4675:Pheu Thai Party
4648:
4647:
4636:
4612:
4607:
4577:
4572:
4563:
4561:
4550:
4548:
4536:
4515:
4463:
4428:
4375:
4337:
4289:
4178:Prime ministers
4172:
4137:
4132:
4089:
4060:Washington Post
4050:
4048:
4042:
4033:
4031:
4025:
3942:
3940:
3931:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3885:
3770:
3768:
3754:
3736:
3734:
3724:
3695:Financial Times
3617:
3615:
3602:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3439:
3430:
3426:
3420:Wayback Machine
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3370:
3366:
3361:Wayback Machine
3351:
3347:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3293:
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3282:
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3202:
3200:
3191:
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3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3142:
3138:
3132:Wayback Machine
3122:
3118:
3108:
3106:
3092:
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3087:
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3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
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2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2918:Wayback Machine
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2843:
2839:
2833:Wayback Machine
2823:
2819:
2810:
2806:
2800:Wayback Machine
2790:
2786:
2780:Wayback Machine
2770:
2766:
2760:Wayback Machine
2750:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2725:
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2708:
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2656:
2640:
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2625:
2623:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2592:
2586:Wayback Machine
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2547:
2546:
2537:
2531:Wayback Machine
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2465:
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1540:กรุงเทพธุรกิจ,
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1320:
1273:For Thais Party
1261:
1248:electoral fraud
1231:Chat Chonlaworn
1227:
1214:electoral fraud
1194:
1189:
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1146:
1134:
1129:
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1080:
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1009:
956:
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891:
886:
790:
768:
762:
719:
682:
619:
486:
478:Pheu Thai Party
466:amatayathipatai
442:Pheu Thai Party
165:
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141:
135:
132:
117:
101:
90:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
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4628:Second cabinet
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4342:Protest groups
4339:
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4259:second cabinet
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4168:Vajiralongkorn
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4158:
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4139:
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4133:
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4123:
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4095:
4088:
4087:External links
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3848:People's Daily
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3589:
3585:Bangkok Post,
3583:
3579:Bangkok Post,
3577:
3573:Bangkok Post,
3571:
3567:Bangkok Post,
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3561:Bangkok Post,
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3315:The Australian
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3165:Bangkok Post,
3158:
3149:
3136:
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3043:People's Daily
3030:
3018:People's Daily
3005:
2979:
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2935:People's Daily
2922:
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2784:
2764:
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2718:
2692:
2666:
2651:(in Swedish).
2648:Dagens Nyheter
2633:
2616:Deutsche Welle
2603:
2590:
2570:
2553:The Australian
2535:
2515:
2484:
2458:
2438:
2418:
2412:Bangkok Post,
2405:
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2346:
2326:
2320:Bangkok Post,
2313:
2293:
2273:
2253:
2233:
2213:
2201:
2181:
2155:
2153:sources needed
2146:
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2012:
1992:
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1379:
1373:
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1353:
1347:
1344:
1338:to intervene.
1319:
1316:
1283:Democrat Party
1260:
1257:
1226:
1223:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1164:
1161:
1153:European Union
1145:
1142:
1137:Democrat Party
1133:
1132:Democrat Party
1130:
1128:
1125:
1115:
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1079:
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1039:
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1016:Main article:
1013:
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764:Main article:
761:
758:
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681:
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543:newspaper and
498:2006 elections
485:
482:
460:, head of the
414:Democrat Party
359:
358:
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349:
340:PAD blockades
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48:(PAD) and the
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10:
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4:
3:
2:
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4625:First cabinet
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4469:Constitutions
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4254:first cabinet
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3866:. Available:
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3780:The Irrawaddy
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3593:Bangkok Post.
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3537:"No Quitting"
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580:
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558:disciples of
557:
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539:outlets, the
537:
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529:2005 election
526:
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518:
514:
513:2001 election
509:
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136:November 2017
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110:
105:This section
103:
99:
94:
93:
87:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:Thai Rak Thai
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4716:Finland Plot
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4632:Thaksinomics
4560:
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4499:2014 interim
4482:2006 interim
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3395:. Retrieved
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534:Media mogul
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422:
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118:Please help
106:
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4618:Premiership
4225:premiership
4191:premiership
4051:2 September
4034:2 September
3943:2 September
3923:2 September
3902:2 September
3771:2 September
3737:2 September
3657:Bloomberg,
3651:Bloomberg,
3618:2 September
3480:2 September
3460:2 September
3078:15 December
3048:10 December
3023:10 December
2998:10 December
2972:10 December
2945:10 December
2737:30 November
2711:19 February
2685:19 February
2659:29 November
2626:29 November
2508:29 November
2208:Bloomberg,
2174:30 November
1631:Prachatai,
1212:parties on
856:The ruling
822:Puea Pandin
711:Sanam Luang
4869:2008 riots
4838:Categories
4800:(daughter)
4685:Red Shirts
4509:referendum
4492:referendum
4364:Red Shirts
4203:government
3810:The Nation
3800:The Nation
3790:The Nation
3443:References
3431:Newsweek,
3411:IPS News,
3217:ABC News,
3101:. London.
2895:2 December
2864:4 December
2824:Matichon,
2791:Matichon,
2577:Matichon,
2379:Matichon,
2300:Matichon,
2240:Matichon,
2188:IPS News,
2133:Matichon,
2071:The Nation
2050:Matichon,
1459:The Nation
1206:Chart Thai
1056:Chiang Mai
1046:summit in
1032:balaclavas
964:Chulabhorn
923:razor wire
810:Chart Thai
751:Tej Bunnag
662:Phnom Penh
625:A line of
585:President
504:, and the
397:, and the
342:Don Mueang
4788:(ex-wife)
4520:Conflicts
4381:Elections
4321:crackdown
3879:Reuters,
3873:Reuters,
3856:Reuters,
3391:The Times
2845:Thai Rath
1324:SET Index
1024:Hiroshima
818:Pracharaj
666:Siem Reap
550:Sondhi's
502:2006 coup
107:does not
4818:(cousin)
4806:(sister)
4294:Protests
4143:Monarchs
4068:Xinhua,
3962:The Star
3952:The Star
3864:Reuters.
3765:Archived
3761:BBC News
3612:Archived
3608:BBC News
3416:Archived
3393:. London
3357:Archived
3128:Archived
3103:Archived
3072:Archived
3068:BBC News
2966:Archived
2939:Archived
2914:Archived
2889:Archived
2829:Archived
2796:Archived
2776:Archived
2756:Archived
2653:Archived
2620:Archived
2582:Archived
2527:Archived
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2245:Archived
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2078:Archived
2055:Archived
2024:Archived
2004:Archived
1984:Archived
1938:Archived
1921:Nation,
1636:Archived
1607:Archived
1525:Archived
1506:Archived
1488:Archived
1355:See also
1290:and the
988:The King
521:Thailand
287:4–5 Oct
4747:Thaicom
4333:2020–21
4328:2013–14
4301:2005–06
4283:cabinet
4271:cabinet
4242:cabinet
4230:cabinet
3994:ไทยรัฐ.
3983:ไทยรัฐ.
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3339:MSNBC,
3288:Reuters
3249:Reuters
2359:Reuters
1252:Country
1244:spirits
907:treason
670:Koh Kut
631:Bangkok
438:Thaksin
416:leader
337:25 Nov
317:21 Oct
275:29 Sep
264:17 Sep
236:26 Aug
224:11 Aug
208:27 Jun
200:25 May
189:28 Mar
177:28 Feb
166:29 Jan
128:removed
113:sources
88:History
4778:Family
3546:16 May
3397:16 May
3325:16 May
3294:16 May
3255:16 May
3203:16 May
3109:16 May
2563:16 May
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325:8 Nov
308:9 Oct
299:6 Oct
256:9 Sep
248:2 Sep
216:1 Aug
4794:(son)
4433:Coups
4010:UPI,
3669:CNN,
3663:CNN,
3638:BBC,
3632:BBC,
3626:BBC,
3500:AFP,
3494:AFP,
3488:AFP,
3371:IHT,
3230:IHT,
3178:NPR,
2909:PPP,
2597:AFP,
2399:AFP,
1933:AFP,
1428:Notes
1375:1976
1328:PAD's
4504:2017
4487:2007
4477:1997
4457:NCPO
4452:2014
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4419:2019
4414:2014
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4399:2006
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2176:2008
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1967:2010
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