271:
303:
240:
348:
30:
79:
1092:: The two political parties were forbidden to criticise government policy, and the government had to approve all slogans they used. Furthermore, they were not allowed to organise at the village level (where the majority of Indonesians live). To stop the rise of charismatic figures, their candidates had to be vetted by the government. When a potentially charismatic figure (in the form of founding president Sukarno's daughter Megawati Sukarnoputri) became a leader of the PDI, the government engineered a political convention in Medan in 1996 to remove her. Ironically,
374:
99:
178:
151:
1110:(KORPRI) and hence ordered to support Golkar, or face accusations of insubordination and even forced relocation to a remote region. Private sector workers were reminded of the need for "stability". Many people believed the vote was not secret, and the government did little to persuade them otherwise. Many voters were still at school, and they were warned by teachers of a link between their choice at the ballot box and exam success
648:
3704:
3035:
1876:
636:
3714:
1050:
422:
1835:, 60% of respondents said that they would allow their vote to be bought. Reasons for accepting vote buying include considering it as a gift that can not be rejected (35–46%), compensation for not working on the election day (25–30%), and supporting daily needs (9–16%). One of the common tactics of vote-buying is the so-called
1072:) in which included the election of president and soon after, the vice president; as mandated by the original constitution. On all occasions, Suharto was the only person ever stood as a presidential candidate, thus enabling him to be elected unanimously. On vice-presidential elections, all candidates endorsed by Golkar (and
879:
The voters vote on the election ballot by punching a hole using a provided nail. For legislative ballots, punching can be done in one of the party logo, ballot number, or candidates' name. For presidential, gubernatorial, mayoral, and regent elections, punching can be done in one of the candidates'
1540:
In 2024, legislative and presidential elections were held on the same day. Prabowo
Subianto, with Gibran Rakabuming Raka as his vice-president, defeated both Anies Baswedan, running with Muhaimin Iskandar (24.94%), and also Ganjar Pranowo, running with Mahfud Mahmodin (16,4%), winning 58.5% of the
1843:(The Power of Money; Money Politics in the Post-New Order Elections), vote-buying in Indonesia is done by individual candidates instead of political parties because of intense intra-party competition. This situation forces candidates to rely on their own networks instead of on the party machine.
1545:
certified the results and declared him as the president-elect of
Indonesia. Constitutional Court confirmed his status on 22 April 2024. The replacement of the president will be held on 20 October 2024. As for the legislative elections, PDI-P came first, winning 16.7% of the vote, followed by the
904:
was still ongoing and the
Republic only controlled Java, Sumatra and a few other areas, and partly because the socialist government was extremely unpopular due to its policy of negotiating with the Dutch colonial power, and would be expected to do very badly in any election. However, there were
1116:: The Golkar votes were counted first, then those of the two other parties. In the 1997 election, by 9 p.m. on the day after voting, Golkar had already been awarded 94% of its eventual vote. By contrast, the PPP had been credited with less than 10% of its final tally.
2874:
Prokurat, Sergiusz (2014), Indonesian parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. The electoral process and economic challenges (PDF), Józefów, "Socio-economic relations between Europe and Asia in the 21st century”, pp. 197–210,
1377:
Under the constitution, the new president was elected by members of the all-house MPR in a joint sitting. This meant that although PDI-P won the largest share of the popular vote, the new president was not its nominee,
1517:
In 2019, for the first time, legislative and presidential elections were held on the same day. Joko Widodo, running with Ma’ruf Amin as his vice-presidential candidate, again defeated
Prabowo Subianto, running with
2739:
Ariwibowo, Aloysius Arena; Jauhari, Andy; Setiawanto, Budi; Prihatna, Hermanus; Moechtar, Rudi; Purnomojoyo, Sapto Heru; Mulyono, Sri (1997), Adirsyah, H. A.; Soekapdjo, Boyke; Anwari, Dana K.; et al. (eds.),
318:
1122:: Although the counting at the local ballot boxes was conducted in public, with the ballot papers held up and the scores marked on boards, it was at the later stages where irregularities were frequently reported.
1434:
In 2005, Indonesia also began holding direct elections for governors, mayors and regents. Prior to this, local executives had been elected by a vote of the local legislative body. The first region to do so was
2239:
2212:
254:
1404:, this called for the removal of the military from the legislature, whose 38 seats for the 1999–2004 period were all appointed. This change and an amendment for direct election of the
3809:
389:
1839:('dawn attack'), which involves the giving of money a day or two before the election day. The amount ranges from Rp30,000 to Rp50,000. According to Burhanuddin Muhtadi in his book
1427:
was held on 5 April 2004. A total of 24 parties contested the election. Golkar Party won the largest share of the vote, at 21.6%, followed by PDI-P, PKB, PPP and newly formed
1961:[General Election Commission Regulations Number 7 of 2022 about Preparation of Voter List In The Organization of Elections General and Voter Data Information System]
286:
2452:
4011:
1985:
3298:
3140:
447:
2504:"Berita Acara dan Sertifikat Rekapitulasi Hasil Penghitungan Perolehan Suara Pasangan Calo Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Tingkat Nasional Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2024"
3799:
679:
566:
362:
3023:
918:
875:): Voters and candidates shall receive equal treatment by the law, with no particular voters or candidates shall receive preferential or discriminatory treatment.
2666:
3948:
961:
2247:
3819:
1959:"Peraturan Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nomor 7 Tahun 2022 tentang Penyusunan Daftar Pemilih dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum dan Sistem Informasi Data Pemilih"
3263:
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3253:
3248:
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1854:
which stirred some controversy among the
Indonesian public. During elections, many people are unable to vote outside their domicile, forcing them to be
1086:: In 1973, the existing political parties were forced to merge into either PPP or PDI. These were the only parties allowed to contest general elections.
4021:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
2216:
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3679:
1542:
1057:
Five further legislative elections were held under
Suharto administration. In accordance with the legislation, these were contested by two parties:
614:
610:
2503:
1389:
During its 2002 annual session, the MPR added 14 amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Included in these amendments were measures to reorganise the
3901:
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1440:
293:
270:
169:
3001:
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302:
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3055:
2953:
2880:
2213:"Launching Tahapan Pemilu, KPU Tetapkan Pemungutan Suara: 9 April 2014 (Launching of the Election Stages, KPU Sets Voting Day: 9 April 2014)"
1927:
1798:
1766:
1750:
1733:
1716:
756:. There, Indonesia's 34 provinces treated as constituencies and, regardless of the size and population, every province return four senators.
551:
541:
536:
531:
526:
239:
3345:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3135:
1670:
1654:
1638:
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1606:
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1574:
1478:
1452:
1424:
1359:
1340:
1296:
1271:
1246:
1221:
1196:
1103:
1017:
1005:
1001:
954:
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914:
803:
795:
708:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
278:
218:
740:. Currently, there are 77 constituencies in Indonesia, and each returns 3-10 Members of Parliament based on population. Under Indonesia's
2884:
2606:
1914:
880:
photograph, ballot number, or name. Ticking method was previously used started in 2009 elections, but it was reverted in 2014 elections.
4571:
4180:
3906:
3763:
3638:
3268:
775:
744:
system, no one party has yet been able to secure an outright majority in a democratic election; parties have needed to work together in
672:
347:
4284:
3016:
2521:
729:
3669:
4525:
4508:
3923:
2927:
2907:
2859:
2794:
2775:
2749:
2729:
2706:
2365:
2168:
786:
Indonesian election conduct abides by six principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest, and fair. Those principles are
381:
4097:
3092:
2089:
1079:
To ensure that Golkar always won more than 60% of the popular vote, the New Order regime used a number of tactics. These included:
246:
231:
4378:
4289:
4155:
4075:
3918:
3288:
3206:
3200:
3195:
3081:
3070:
2441:
1782:
1535:
1512:
1073:
561:
546:
512:
507:
400:
46:
2556:
4616:
4116:
3943:
3303:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3223:
1847:
1832:
1397:
1371:
760:
749:
718:
310:
1831:('money politics'). According to a survey of 440 respondents by Institut Riset Indonesia in January–March 2020 in areas where
4333:
4241:
4048:
3980:
3824:
3779:
3743:
3428:
1851:
1523:
985:
901:
665:
601:
1053:
A map showing the parties/organisations with the largest vote share per province in
Indonesia's elections from 1977 to 2019
29:
4486:
4473:
4318:
4219:
4175:
3874:
3849:
3834:
3674:
3009:
2298:
2116:
997:
799:
4491:
4383:
4068:
3933:
3794:
3633:
3538:
2816:
1970:
1428:
981:
771:
753:
428:
2388:
4190:
3975:
3889:
3839:
2413:
1522:, winning 55.4% of the vote. In the legislative vote, PDI-P came first, with 19.3% of the vote, followed by Prabowo's
1409:
1163:
1062:
969:
733:
373:
185:
98:
78:
2919:
Indonesia
Electoral, Political Parties Laws and Regulations Handbook — Strategic Information, Regulations, Procedures
3311:
2270:
4518:
4421:
4368:
4165:
4102:
3938:
3913:
3643:
802:
and the following political liberalisation, two extra principles of "Jurdil" are adopted for the first time in the
354:
4545:
4438:
4408:
4274:
4251:
4053:
4038:
4006:
3896:
3736:
3588:
3553:
3508:
1436:
213:
105:
841:): Voters shall be able to vote by their own conscience without any coercion to vote for a particular candidate.
4463:
4398:
4185:
4150:
3478:
3473:
3368:
3360:
3338:
2326:
1466:
1363:
1141:
1058:
767:
2766:
Cribb, Robert (1996). "Democracy, self-determination and the
Indonesian revolution". In Drakard, Jane (ed.).
4535:
4431:
4353:
4348:
4063:
3598:
3573:
3488:
3468:
3418:
3388:
3378:
2065:
177:
90:
900:
in response to criticism of the cabinet for being non-democratic. They were never held, partly because the
4443:
4416:
4363:
4200:
4112:
4026:
4016:
3862:
3684:
3563:
3558:
3047:
1916:
Indonesian parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. The electoral process and economic challenges
1405:
1367:
704:
339:
197:
157:
2184:
1128:: There was no effective way of determining who had already voted, allowing many to do so more than once
4501:
4496:
4453:
4448:
4343:
4338:
4231:
4160:
3994:
3844:
3784:
3628:
3578:
3533:
3513:
3503:
3403:
2984:
2939:
2579:
1889:
1379:
1093:
791:
142:
118:
64:
4595:
2131:
2885:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160922174143/http://www.proeconomics.pl/artykuly/indonesianelections.pdf
770:
can vote since persons under 17 who are or were married can get a KTP. Elections are conducted by the
150:
4564:
4530:
4393:
4266:
4256:
4195:
4138:
4091:
4085:
4033:
3970:
3928:
3884:
3789:
3771:
3603:
3518:
3498:
3383:
3373:
745:
707:– until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the 575-member
365:
321:
206:
124:
1922:, Józefów: Socio-economic relations between Europe and Asia in the 21st century”, pp. 197–210,
4426:
4373:
4313:
4246:
4170:
3658:
3648:
3583:
3548:
3483:
3463:
3453:
3413:
3398:
3393:
3331:
1824:
1496:
1355:
943:
790:
and commonly propagated as "Luber-jurdil". The first four principles of "Luber" are adopted by the
34:
3713:
4580:
4458:
4388:
4358:
4328:
4323:
4308:
4279:
4236:
3963:
3958:
3689:
3608:
3568:
3543:
3523:
3458:
3433:
3423:
3408:
2997:
Radio France
Internationale in English explainer on 2009 elections plus reports of 1999 elections
957:, which took place on 29 September 1955. Twenty-nine political parties and individuals took part;
939:
17:
865:): Voters, candidates, and electoral institutions shall perform their duty in complete honesty.
4513:
4123:
3814:
3528:
3493:
3448:
3443:
2949:
2923:
2903:
2876:
2855:
2790:
2771:
2745:
2725:
2702:
2361:
2331:
2164:
2158:
2110:
2095:
1933:
1923:
1383:
2641:"Pro Kontra Pilkada di Tengah Optimistis Presiden Terhadap Pandemi - Nasional Katadata.co.id"
2414:"Jumlah pemilih presiden 176 juta ('Number of voters for presidential election 176 million')"
4585:
4058:
2840:
2303:
2275:
1881:
1500:
897:
640:
257:
113:
1401:
1344:
1034:
977:
778:(Bawaslu); their activities were overseen by Elections Organizer Honorary Council (DKPP).
652:
2996:
2768:
Indonesian Independence Fify Years On 1945-1995 (Annual Indonesia Lecture Series No. 20)
1958:
4481:
4303:
2941:
Half-Hearted Reform: Electoral Institutions and the Struggle for Democracy in Indonesia
2804:
Hillman, Ben (2011), "Electoral Governance and Democratic Consolidation in Indonesia",
2718:
936:
889:
193:
2978:
647:
4610:
4590:
3707:
2190:
973:
893:
852:
831:
that already satisfy voters' criteria, shall be able to vote without any restriction.
700:
289:
2831:
Liddle, R. William (1978), "The 1977 Indonesian Election and New Order Legitimacy",
1068:
On every March after the legislative election, the MPR would hold General Sessions (
2136:
1519:
1348:
1049:
763:, Indonesia started to elect governors and mayors simultaneously on the same date.
737:
42:
2917:
2696:
2240:"Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote"
4540:
3717:
2418:
1820:
1492:
1393:
828:
787:
741:
696:
165:
2667:"Warga Palembang Gagal Memilih: Mulai TPS Cepat Tutup, hingga Masalah Domisili"
2160:
Deepening Democracy in Indonesia?: Direct Elections for Local Leaders (Pilkada)
1029:
The five largest political parties were a newly-participate "functional group"
855:
are guaranteed, and voters' choice shall not be known to others but themselves.
4295:
1871:
1855:
1465:
on 9 April 2009. The presidential election was held on 8 July, with President
932:
892:
on 3 November 1945, a promise repeated later the same month by Prime Minister
1396:. Beginning in 2004, the MPR would be composed of the existing DPR and a new
1096:
began a chain of events that indirectly led to the downfall of the New Order.
3759:
3034:
2824:
2618:
2381:
1488:
1462:
1417:
1413:
1390:
1026:'s New Order took place on 5 July 1971. Ten political parties participated.
392:
325:
1327:
Seats up for election: 360 (1977 and 1982), 400 (1987 and 1992), 425 (1997)
1065:(PDI); as well as Golkar. All elections in this period were won by Golkar.
2991:. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University. 2004.
1491:
on 9 April 2014. The presidential election was held on 9 July 2014, with
38:
4079:
2871:(1997), Indonesian evening news broadcasts of 29–31 May, 1–5 June 1997.
2614:
1966:
1038:
1023:
923:
Indonesia's first general election elected members of the DPR and the
3728:
2900:
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia
2787:
The History of Political Parties & General Elections in Indonesia
1469:
winning enough of the vote to make the run-off election unnecessary.
1152:
1107:
1030:
261:
3323:
2844:
421:
2720:
Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946
2695:
Ananta, Aris; Arifin, Evi Nurvidya & Suryadinata, Leo (2005),
1687:
28:
2742:
Pemilu 1997: Antara Fenomena Kampanye Dialogis & Mega Bintang
1697:
Presidential Elections Voter registration and turnout, 2004-2019
888:
Elections were first promised for January 1946 by vice-president
725:), in addition to provincial and municipal legislative councils.
2864:
2607:"Pro-Kontra Pilkada Serentak 2020 Tetap Digelar di Tengah Wabah"
3732:
3327:
3005:
2356:
Ananta, Aris; Nurfidya Arifin, Evi; Suryadinata, Leo (2005).
942:. Sastroamidjojo himself declined to stand for election, and
2922:(updated ed.). International Business Pub., USA. 2015.
2522:"Potensi Maraknya Praktik Politik Uang Pilkada Kala Pandemi"
77:
1487:
Legislative elections for the DPD and the DPR were held in
1461:
Legislative elections for the DPD and the DPR were held in
817:): Voters shall vote on their own without any intermediary.
1094:
the ensuing disturbances at the PDI's Jakarta headquarters
2132:"Indonesia takes a giant step down the road to democracy"
1106:
employees were compulsorily members of the Golkar-linked
766:
The voting age in Indonesia is 17, but anyone who has an
699:. At a national level, Indonesian people did not elect a
2186:
Indonesia's president re-elected: No wonder why with SBY
1986:"Sejarah Singkat Perjalanan Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia"
962:
election for the members of the Constitutional Assembly
2479:"Jumlah Pemilih Pemilu 2019 Mencapai 196,5 Juta Orang"
1850:
across the country were held in a single day amid the
996:
Most elections during the New Order were conducted by
2163:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 232.
1841:
Kuasa Uang; Politik Uang dalam Pemilu Pasca-Orde Baru
1347:. It was held on 7 June 1999 under the government of
4472:
4407:
4265:
4218:
4137:
3993:
3861:
3770:
3657:
3617:
3359:
3216:
3091:
3046:
2701:, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
2967:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2938:
2717:
2360:. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asia Studies.
2211:KPU (General Elections Commission) (8 June 2012).
968:The five largest parties in the election were the
2744:(in Indonesian), Jakarta: Penakencana Nusadwipa,
2215:(in Indonesian). KPU Media Center. Archived from
1957:Asy'ari, Hakim; Syarifah, Nur (24 October 2022).
1400:(DPD). Because all the seats in the MPR would be
2382:"BAB V: Hasil Pemilu (Part V: Election Results)"
2327:"Jokowi Wins Re-Election, PDI-P Wins Most Seats"
2157:Erb, Maribeth; Sulistiyanto, Priyambudi (2009).
1859:
712:
2325:Beritasatu Team; Telly Nathalia (21 May 2019).
974:Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations Party
2098:, archived from the original on 19 August 2002
1351:. Forty-eight political parties participated.
1022:The first election after the establishment of
919:Indonesian Constituent Assembly election, 1955
3744:
3339:
3017:
1386:of PKB. Megawati then became vice president.
1108:Employees' Corps of the Republic of Indonesia
905:regional elections in Bali, Solo and Kediri.
673:
8:
1076:faction) went on to be elected unanimously.
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2013:
1530:2024 legislative and presidential elections
1507:2019 legislative and presidential elections
1473:2014 legislative and presidential elections
1447:2009 legislative and presidential elections
4224:
4143:
3999:
3867:
3751:
3737:
3729:
3346:
3332:
3324:
3024:
3010:
3002:
2724:. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
2549:"Saat Serangan Fajar Justru Dinanti Warga"
1555:Voter registration and turnout, 1955–1997
680:
666:
51:
2825:http://kpu.go.id/Sejarah/pemilu1977.shtml
1362:(PDI-P), the reformed Golkar Party, PPP,
1354:The six largest parties which passed the
1335:Election in the reform era (1999–present)
992:Elections under the New Order (1971–1997)
2770:. Monash Asia Institute. pp. 1–12.
2387:(in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum.
1695:
1553:
1131:
1048:
2762:24 no. 6 (June 1984), pp. 655–664.
2758:Cribb, Robert, 'Elections in Jakarta',
2091:Indonesia's military: Business as usual
2067:Pemilu 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, dan 1997
1905:
1833:local elections were to be held in 2020
964:, which took place on 15 December 1955.
695:have taken place since 1955 to elect a
63:
57:This article is part of a series on the
2108:
2070:(in Indonesian), Komisi Pemilihan Umum
1895:List of political parties in Indonesia
1483:Indonesian presidential election, 2014
1457:Indonesian presidential election, 2009
1133:Summary of 1977–1997 election results
2351:
2349:
1104:state- and regional-owned enterprises
949:The election occurred in two stages:
931:). The election was organised by the
33:Election workers wearing traditional
7:
1479:2014 Indonesian legislative election
1453:2009 Indonesian legislative election
1431:. 17 parties won legislative seats.
1360:Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle
1018:1971 Indonesian legislative election
925:Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
915:1955 Indonesian legislative election
2965:Elections and Politics in Indonesia
776:General Election Supervisory Agency
3810:French and British era (1806–1816)
2639:Hariyanti, Dini (4 October 2020).
2578:Marzuqi, Abdillah (20 June 2020).
1343:was the first election held after
955:election of the members of the DPR
25:
2547:Wasono, Hari Tri (8 April 2014).
2458:from the original on 23 July 2014
2394:from the original on 26 June 2011
2269:Editorial Board (18 April 2019).
2130:Aglionby, John (11 August 2002),
2088:Langit, Richel (16 August 2002),
1503:, a former general in Indonesia.
1441:a regency election on 1 June 2005
1090:Weakening the remaining opponents
37:costumes at a polling station in
3712:
3703:
3702:
3033:
2902:. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
2852:Suharto: Indonesia's Last Sultan
2789:. Jakarta: Arise Consultancies.
1998:Anderson (1972) pp 178 & 197
1874:
1827:, vote-buying is often known as
1536:2024 Indonesian general election
1513:2019 Indonesian general election
1084:Reducing the number of opponents
646:
634:
420:
372:
346:
301:
269:
238:
176:
149:
97:
47:2019 Indonesian general election
18:2029 Indonesian general election
3830:Liberal democracy era (1950–59)
2698:Emerging Democracy in Indonesia
2555:(in Indonesian). Archived from
2442:"Rekapitulasi Pilpres 2014 KPU"
2358:Emerging Democracy in Indonesia
1988:(in Indonesian). Beritabaik.id.
1398:Regional Representative Council
750:Regional Representative Council
730:People's Representative Council
719:Regional Representative Council
709:People's Representative Council
311:Regional Representative Council
4098:People's Consultative Assembly
3670:British Indian Ocean Territory
2520:Saubani, Andri (3 July 2020).
986:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
902:Indonesian National Revolution
620:Diplomatic missions in Jakarta
247:People's Consultative Assembly
1:
3840:Transitional period (1965–66)
3825:National Revolution (1945–49)
3820:Japanese occupation (1942–45)
3815:Dutch East Indies (1800–1942)
2898:Evans, Kevin Raymond (2003).
2785:Evans, Kevin Raymond (2003).
2299:"Congratulations, Indonesia!"
2297:Ghina Ghaliya (21 May 2019).
2271:"Congratulations, Indonesia!"
2238:Joe Cochrane (22 July 2014).
1499:winning the election against
1345:the collapse of the New Order
1045:Further elections (1977–1997)
998:General Elections Institution
2979:Adam Carr's Election Archive
2854:, Horizon Books, Singapore,
2422:(in Indonesian). 1 June 2009
1971:General Elections Commission
1848:simultaneous local elections
1147:Partai Persatuan Pembangunan
982:Communist Party of Indonesia
774:(KPU) and supervised by the
772:General Elections Commission
761:2015 unified local elections
754:single non-transferable vote
429:General Elections Commission
4206:Water supply and sanitation
2867:Televisi Republik Indonesia
1913:Prokurat, Sergiusz (2014),
1823:is common in Indonesia. In
1680:
1677:
1674:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1412:were significant steps for
1323:General Election Commission
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1164:Indonesian Democratic Party
1063:Indonesian Democratic Party
970:National Party of Indonesia
734:proportional representation
186:Vice President of Indonesia
4633:
3835:Guided Democracy (1959–65)
3800:Portuguese era (1512–1605)
2948:. Wesport, Conn: Praeger.
1669:
1653:
1637:
1621:
1605:
1589:
1573:
1533:
1510:
1476:
1450:
1295:
1270:
1245:
1220:
1195:
1169:Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
1015:
912:
355:Supreme Court of Indonesia
4558:
4227:
4146:
4002:
3949:Provincial highest points
3870:
3698:
2963:Suryadinata, Leo (2002).
2580:"Di Balik Serangan Fajar"
2115:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1685:
1546:Golkar Party with 15.2%.
1425:2004 legislative election
1416:on the road towards full
1320:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1137:
1114:The vote-counting process
1041:(Parmusi), PNI and PSII.
1039:Muslim Party of Indonesia
589:List of political parties
106:Constitution of Indonesia
4007:Administrative divisions
3419:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2937:King, Dwight Y. (2003).
2887:, accessed 30 July 2016.
2833:South East Asian Affairs
1467:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
1364:National Awakening Party
1142:United Development Party
1059:United Development Party
1006:Minister of Home Affairs
279:House of Representatives
3680:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2850:Loveard, Keith, (1999)
2827:, accessed 30 June 2006
2605:Dharmastuti, Hestiana.
1541:vote. On March 20, the
1100:Coercion to vote Golkar
946:became prime minister.
723:Dewan Perwakilan Daerah
714:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
436:Chairman Hasyim Asy'ari
4617:Elections in Indonesia
4181:Science and technology
4022:Regencies & Cities
3048:Presidential elections
3040:Elections in Indonesia
2985:"Indonesian Elections"
2716:Anderson, Ben (1972).
2037:Evans (2003) pp. 20-21
1984:Nita Hidayati (2019).
1861:golongan putih, golput
1860:
1368:National Mandate Party
1054:
909:Early elections (1955)
713:
693:Elections in Indonesia
611:Diplomatic missions of
522:Presidential elections
158:President of Indonesia
82:
49:
3790:Hinduism-Buddhism era
3093:Legislative elections
2946:(2024 Online Version)
2819:Komisi Pemilihan Umum
2477:Sindo, Koran (2017).
2449:Komisi Pemilihan Umum
1890:Politics of Indonesia
1688:Ariwibowo et al. 1997
1380:Megawati Sukarnoputri
1153:The Functional Groups
1102:: Civil servants and
1052:
1012:First election (1971)
746:coalition governments
736:from multi-candidate
717:, DPR), the 136-seat
443:Legislative elections
130:(national philosophy)
81:
32:
3924:Environmental issues
3594:United Arab Emirates
1939:on 22 September 2016
1307:84,187,907 (74.51%)
1301:25,341,028 (22.43%)
1288:14,565,556 (14.89%)
1282:66,599,331 (68.10%)
1276:16,624,647 (17.00%)
1257:62,783,680 (73.17%)
1251:13,701,428 (15.97%)
1232:48,334,724 (64.34%)
1226:20,871,880 (27.78%)
1207:39,750,096 (62.11%)
1201:18,743,491 (29.29%)
896:and senior minister
798:election. After the
782:Electoral principles
641:Indonesia portal
382:Constitutional court
366:Muhammad Syarifuddin
322:La Nyalla Mattalitti
3845:New Order (1966–98)
3805:VOC era (1603–1800)
3621:limited recognition
2806:Indonesia Quarterly
1698:
1556:
1497:Governor of Jakarta
1372:Crescent Star Party
1356:electoral threshold
1263:9,324,708 (10.87%)
1134:
944:Burhanuddin Harahap
653:Politics portal
567:Electoral Districts
401:Judicial commission
214:Regional government
92:National government
4191:Telecommunications
3902:Biosphere reserves
2559:on 15 January 2021
2244:The New York Times
2046:Liddle (1978) p128
2019:Liddle (1978) p126
1705:Registered voters
1696:
1563:Registered voters
1554:
1550:Voter registration
1313:3,463,226 (3.07%)
1238:5,919,702 (7.88%)
1213:5,504,757 (8.60%)
1132:
1055:
940:Ali Sastroamidjojo
759:Starting from the
703: – the
83:
50:
4604:
4603:
4554:
4553:
4242:Human trafficking
4214:
4213:
4133:
4132:
4124:Wawasan Nusantara
4108:Political parties
4049:Foreign relations
3989:
3988:
3726:
3725:
3663:other territories
3354:Elections in Asia
3321:
3320:
2955:978-0-2759-7942-3
2881:978-83-62753-53-6
2613:(in Indonesian).
2332:The Jakarta Globe
2219:on 8 October 2012
2096:Asia Times Online
1929:978-83-62753-53-6
1852:COVID-19 pandemic
1813:
1812:
1694:
1693:
1437:Kutai Kartanegara
1384:Abdurrahman Wahid
1332:
1331:
1328:
748:. Members of the
690:
689:
603:Foreign relations
581:Political parties
68:
16:(Redirected from
4624:
4574:
4567:
4225:
4144:
4086:National capital
4000:
3868:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3716:
3706:
3705:
3675:Christmas Island
3361:Sovereign states
3348:
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2568:
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2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2526:Republika Online
2517:
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2341:
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2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2304:The Jakarta Post
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2276:The Jakarta Post
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2246:. Archived from
2235:
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2020:
2017:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1932:, archived from
1921:
1910:
1884:
1882:Indonesia portal
1879:
1878:
1877:
1863:
1699:
1557:
1501:Prabowo Subianto
1429:Democratic Party
1402:directly elected
1326:
1135:
1004:, it was led by
898:Amir Sjarifuddin
794:regime from the
716:
682:
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651:
650:
639:
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604:
582:
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258:Bambang Soesatyo
242:
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101:
93:
71:
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58:
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21:
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4607:
4606:
4605:
4600:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4550:
4541:Personification
4468:
4403:
4384:Public holidays
4369:National heroes
4261:
4210:
4129:
3985:
3954:Natural history
3857:
3795:Spread of Islam
3766:
3757:
3727:
3722:
3694:
3662:
3653:
3634:Northern Cyprus
3620:
3613:
3355:
3352:
3322:
3317:
3217:Local elections
3212:
3087:
3042:
3032:
3030:
2993:— Brief History
2989:SEAsite.niu.edu
2983:
2975:
2962:
2956:
2945:
2936:
2930:
2916:
2910:
2897:
2894:
2892:Further reading
2845:10.1355/SEAA78K
2830:
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2797:
2784:
2778:
2765:
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2732:
2715:
2709:
2694:
2691:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2647:(in Indonesian)
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2586:(in Indonesian)
2584:Media Indonesia
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2528:(in Indonesian)
2519:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2501:
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2487:
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2475:
2471:
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2279:
2268:
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2253:
2251:
2250:on 29 July 2014
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2045:
2041:
2036:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2007:Cribb (1996) p2
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1973:. p. 4−11.
1962:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1903:
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1873:
1870:
1818:
1736:, Second Round
1552:
1538:
1532:
1515:
1509:
1485:
1477:Main articles:
1475:
1459:
1451:Main articles:
1449:
1358:of 2% were the
1337:
1325:
1166:
1155:
1144:
1126:Multiple voting
1070:Sidang Umum MPR
1047:
1035:Nahdlatul Ulama
1020:
1014:
994:
978:Nahdlatul Ulama
921:
913:Main articles:
911:
886:
784:
752:are elected by
732:are elected by
728:Members of the
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4509:Faunal emblems
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4208:
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4198:
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4188:
4186:Stock Exchange
4183:
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3907:National parks
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3890:Climate change
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2973:External links
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2645:katadata.co.id
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1719:, First Round
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1531:
1528:
1524:Gerindra Party
1511:Main article:
1508:
1505:
1474:
1471:
1448:
1445:
1410:Vice-President
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1293:
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1277:
1274:
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1264:
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1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1161:
1158:Golongan Karya
1150:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1097:
1087:
1046:
1043:
1016:Main article:
1013:
1010:
993:
990:
966:
965:
958:
937:Prime Minister
910:
907:
885:
882:
877:
876:
866:
856:
844:Confidential (
842:
832:
818:
783:
780:
738:constituencies
688:
687:
685:
684:
677:
670:
662:
659:
658:
656:
655:
643:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
607:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
585:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
557:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
518:
517:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
438:
437:
433:
432:
419:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
403:
396:
395:
386:
385:
369:
368:
359:
358:
345:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
315:
314:
298:
297:
283:
282:
266:
265:
251:
250:
237:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
202:
201:
190:
189:
174:
173:
162:
161:
148:
141:
140:
137:
136:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
96:
89:
88:
85:
84:
74:
73:
61:
60:
35:Minang wedding
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4629:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4597:
4594:
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4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Ethnic groups
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
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4390:
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4018:
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4010:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3979:
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3962:
3960:
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3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Deforestation
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
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3808:
3806:
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3801:
3798:
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3788:
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3778:
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3715:
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3697:
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3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3644:South Ossetia
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3610:
3607:
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3600:
3597:
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3587:
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3577:
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3567:
3565:
3562:
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3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
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3277:
3275:
3272:
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3260:
3257:
3255:
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3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3079:
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3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3036:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2931:
2929:9781514517017
2925:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2909:979-97445-0-4
2905:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2860:981-04-1478-1
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2796:979-97445-0-4
2792:
2788:
2783:
2779:
2777:0-7326-1018-4
2773:
2769:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2751:979-8536-10-X
2747:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2731:0-8014-0687-0
2727:
2722:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2708:981-230-322-7
2704:
2700:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2673:. 20 May 2016
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2540:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2513:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2367:981-230-323-5
2363:
2359:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2193:, 9 July 2009
2192:
2191:The Economist
2188:
2187:
2180:
2177:
2172:
2170:9789812308412
2166:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1690:, p. 23
1689:
1684:
1672:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1604:
1592:
1588:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1527:
1526:with 12.6% .
1525:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1439:, which held
1438:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:1999 election
1334:
1324:
1319:
1310:325 (76.47%)
1298:
1294:
1285:282 (70.50%)
1273:
1269:
1260:299 (74.75%)
1248:
1244:
1235:242 (67.22%)
1223:
1219:
1210:232 (64.44%)
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:1997 election
1000:(LPU), as of
999:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
956:
952:
951:
950:
947:
945:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
920:
916:
908:
906:
903:
899:
895:
891:
883:
881:
874:
873:
867:
864:
863:
857:
854:
853:Secret ballot
850:
848:
843:
840:
838:
833:
830:
826:
824:
819:
816:
814:
809:
808:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
779:
777:
773:
769:
768:ID card (KTP)
764:
762:
757:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
720:
715:
710:
706:
702:
701:head of state
698:
694:
683:
678:
676:
671:
669:
664:
663:
661:
660:
654:
649:
644:
642:
632:
631:
629:
628:
621:
618:
616:
612:
609:
608:
605:
598:
597:
590:
587:
586:
583:
576:
575:
568:
565:
563:
560:
559:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
519:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:1955 (Const.)
446:
445:
444:
441:
440:
435:
434:
431:
430:
426:
425:
423:
417:
410:
409:
402:
399:
398:
394:
391:
390:Chief Justice
388:
387:
384:
383:
379:
378:
377:
375:
367:
364:
363:Chief Justice
361:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
349:
343:
336:
335:
327:
323:
320:
317:
316:
313:
312:
308:
307:
306:
304:
295:
291:
290:Puan Maharani
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
276:
275:
274:
272:
263:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
244:
243:
241:
235:
228:
227:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
208:
205:
204:
199:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
181:
179:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
152:
146:
139:
138:
133:
127:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
103:
102:
100:
94:
87:
86:
80:
76:
75:
72:
62:
59:
54:
53:
48:
45:, during the
44:
40:
36:
31:
27:
19:
4439:Homelessness
4409:Demographics
4349:Martial arts
4294:
4275:Architecture
4252:Prostitution
4122:
4090:
4054:Human rights
4043:
4039:Constitution
3897:Conservation
3853:(since 1998)
3850:
3659:Dependencies
3589:Turkmenistan
3554:Saudi Arabia
3438:
3310:
3304:
3205:
3080:
3039:
2988:
2964:
2940:
2918:
2899:
2866:
2851:
2836:
2832:
2818:
2809:
2805:
2786:
2767:
2760:Asian Survey
2759:
2741:
2719:
2697:
2675:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2610:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2557:the original
2552:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2498:
2486:. Retrieved
2482:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2448:
2436:
2424:. Retrieved
2417:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2376:
2357:
2336:. Retrieved
2330:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2302:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2274:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2248:the original
2243:
2233:
2223:16 September
2221:. Retrieved
2217:the original
2206:
2195:, retrieved
2185:
2179:
2159:
2152:
2141:, retrieved
2137:The Guardian
2135:
2125:
2100:, retrieved
2090:
2083:
2072:, retrieved
2066:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2003:
1994:
1979:
1952:
1941:, retrieved
1934:the original
1915:
1908:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1829:politik uang
1828:
1819:
1806:168,422,011
1803:204,422,181
1790:158,012,506
1787:192,770,611
1774:134,953,967
1771:193,944,150
1758:127,983,655
1755:176,367,056
1742:116,662,700
1739:155,048,803
1725:121,293,844
1722:155,048,803
1678:112,991,160
1675:124,740,987
1659:107,605,697
1539:
1520:Sandiaga Uno
1516:
1486:
1460:
1433:
1422:
1388:
1376:
1353:
1349:B.J. Habibie
1338:
1322:
1304:89 (20.94%)
1291:56 (14.00%)
1279:62 (15.50%)
1266:40 (10.00%)
1254:61 (15.25%)
1229:94 (26.11%)
1204:99 (27.50%)
1168:
1157:
1146:
1125:
1120:Vote-rigging
1119:
1113:
1099:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1074:the military
1069:
1067:
1056:
1028:
1021:
995:
967:
948:
929:Konstituante
928:
922:
887:
878:
871:
869:
861:
859:
846:
845:
836:
835:
822:
821:
812:
811:
785:
765:
758:
727:
722:
692:
691:
615:in Indonesia
521:
442:
427:
413:
380:
371:
353:
309:
300:
277:
268:
245:
184:
175:
156:
125:
104:
55:
43:West Sumatra
26:
4519:Subdivision
4502:Subdivision
4464:LGBT rights
4399:Video games
4151:Agriculture
4069:Enforcement
3919:Earthquakes
3785:Prehistoric
3718:Asia portal
3619:States with
3539:Philippines
3479:South Korea
3474:North Korea
3369:Afghanistan
2839:: 122–138,
2677:14 February
2651:15 November
2624:15 November
2590:12 November
2563:12 November
2532:12 November
2426:28 December
2419:Koran Tempo
2398:28 December
2055:TVRI (1999)
1856:abstentions
1821:Vote buying
1662:97,789,534
1646:85,869,816
1643:93,965,953
1630:75,126,306
1627:82,134,195
1614:63,998,344
1611:70,378,750
1598:54,699,509
1595:58,558,776
1582:37,875,299
1579:43,104,464
1495:, then the
1493:Joko Widodo
1394:legislature
1370:(PAN), and
1316:11 (2.59%)
1241:24 (6.67%)
1216:29 (8.06%)
984:(PKI), and
976:(Masyumi),
829:Indonesians
800:1998 reform
788:abbreviated
742:multi-party
697:legislature
233:Legislature
194:Ma'ruf Amin
166:Joko Widodo
67:Politics of
4497:Historical
4432:Healthcare
4379:Properties
4344:Literature
4296:Rumah adat
4156:Automotive
4064:Censorship
4012:Historical
3599:Uzbekistan
3574:Tajikistan
3489:Kyrgyzstan
3469:Kazakhstan
3389:Bangladesh
3379:Azerbaijan
3305:2024 (Nov)
3299:2024 (Feb)
3141:1955 (Dec)
3136:1955 (Sep)
2689:References
2488:15 January
2462:15 January
1825:Indonesian
1391:Indonesian
1160:, Golkar)
1061:(PPP) and
933:government
806:election.
4536:Nusantara
4444:Languages
4417:Education
4364:Mythology
4334:Festivals
4201:Transport
4113:President
4092:Pancasila
4044:Elections
4027:Districts
4017:Provinces
3981:Volcanoes
3944:Mountains
3863:Geography
3851:Reformasi
3760:Indonesia
3685:Hong Kong
3639:Palestine
3564:Sri Lanka
3559:Singapore
3439:Indonesia
2812:: 311–323
2671:gatra.com
2611:detiknews
2483:Sindonews
2338:7 October
2310:7 October
2282:7 October
1846:In 2020,
1816:Criticism
1489:Indonesia
1463:Indonesia
1418:democracy
1414:Indonesia
1406:President
820:General (
792:New Order
705:president
415:Elections
393:Suhartoyo
341:Judiciary
326:East Java
219:Governors
144:Executive
126:Pancasila
70:Indonesia
4611:Category
4581:Category
4454:Refugees
4449:Religion
4374:Painting
4285:Colonial
4232:Abortion
4161:Aviation
4076:Military
3995:Politics
3780:Timeline
3764:articles
3708:Category
3629:Abkhazia
3579:Thailand
3534:Pakistan
3514:Mongolia
3509:Maldives
3504:Malaysia
3404:Cambodia
2619:detikcom
2453:Archived
2451:. 2014.
2389:Archived
2111:citation
1868:See also
1686:Source:
1321:Source:
988:(PSII).
858:Honest (
810:Direct (
119:Taxation
39:Pariaman
4591:Gallery
4565:Outline
4487:Costume
4474:Symbols
4394:Theatre
4339:Legends
4324:Cuisine
4319:Costume
4290:Mosques
4267:Culture
4257:Smoking
4220:Society
4196:Tourism
4176:History
4139:Economy
4080:Babinsa
4034:Cabinet
3971:Regions
3934:Islands
3929:Geology
3885:Climate
3875:Borders
3772:History
3604:Vietnam
3519:Myanmar
3499:Lebanon
3429:Georgia
3384:Bahrain
3374:Armenia
2615:Jakarta
2254:22 July
2197:11 July
2143:10 June
1967:Jakarta
1943:28 July
1374:(PBB).
1366:(PKB),
1171:, PDI)
1149:, PPP)
1024:Suharto
972:(PNI),
894:Sjahrir
884:History
827:): All
815:angsung
319:Speaker
287:Speaker
255:Speaker
207:Cabinet
4586:Portal
4492:Emblem
4482:Anthem
4427:Health
4314:Cinema
4247:Piracy
4171:Energy
4103:Police
3976:Rivers
3880:Cities
3762:
3649:Taiwan
3584:Turkey
3549:Russia
3484:Kuwait
3464:Jordan
3454:Israel
3414:Cyprus
3399:Brunei
3394:Bhutan
2952:
2926:
2906:
2879:
2865:TVRI (
2858:
2793:
2774:
2748:
2728:
2705:
2364:
2167:
2102:9 June
2074:8 June
1926:
1809:82.39
1793:81.97
1777:69.58
1761:72.57
1745:75.24
1728:78.23
1681:90.58
1665:90.88
1649:91.38
1633:91.47
1617:90.93
1601:93.41
1585:87.86
1382:, but
1191:Seats
1188:Votes
1185:Seats
1182:Votes
1179:Seats
1176:Votes
1031:Golkar
980:(NU),
868:Fair (
849:ahasia
834:Free (
262:Golkar
41:City,
4596:Atlas
4572:Index
4546:Songs
4531:Motto
4459:Women
4389:Sport
4359:Music
4354:Media
4329:Dance
4309:Batik
4280:Candi
4237:Crime
4166:Banks
3964:Flora
3959:Fauna
3939:Lakes
3690:Macau
3609:Yemen
3569:Syria
3544:Qatar
3524:Nepal
3459:Japan
3434:India
3424:Egypt
3409:China
2817:KPU (
2553:Tempo
2507:(PDF)
2456:(PDF)
2445:(PDF)
2392:(PDF)
2385:(PDF)
1963:(PDF)
1937:(PDF)
1920:(PDF)
1901:Notes
1702:Year
1560:Year
1138:Year
890:Hatta
294:PDI-P
170:PDI-P
4514:Flag
4117:List
3529:Oman
3494:Laos
3449:Iraq
3444:Iran
3312:2029
3294:2020
3289:2019
3284:2018
3279:2017
3274:2015
3269:2014
3264:2013
3259:2012
3254:2011
3249:2010
3244:2008
3239:2007
3234:2006
3229:2005
3224:1957
3207:2029
3201:2024
3196:2019
3191:2014
3186:2009
3181:2004
3176:1999
3171:1997
3166:1992
3161:1987
3156:1982
3151:1977
3146:1971
3131:1939
3126:1935
3121:1931
3116:1927
3111:1924
3106:1921
3101:1917
3082:2029
3076:2024
3071:2019
3066:2014
3061:2009
3056:2004
2950:ISBN
2924:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2877:ISBN
2856:ISBN
2837:1978
2791:ISBN
2772:ISBN
2746:ISBN
2726:ISBN
2703:ISBN
2679:2024
2653:2020
2626:2020
2592:2020
2565:2020
2534:2020
2490:2019
2464:2019
2428:2020
2400:2020
2362:ISBN
2340:2019
2312:2019
2284:2019
2256:2014
2225:2012
2199:2009
2165:ISBN
2145:2009
2117:link
2104:2009
2076:2009
1945:2016
1924:ISBN
1799:2024
1783:2019
1767:2014
1751:2009
1734:2004
1717:2004
1671:1997
1655:1992
1639:1987
1623:1982
1607:1977
1591:1971
1575:1955
1543:KPU
1481:and
1455:and
1423:The
1408:and
1339:The
1297:1997
1272:1992
1247:1987
1222:1982
1197:1977
960:The
953:The
917:and
804:1999
796:1971
552:2024
547:2019
542:2014
537:2009
532:2004
527:1999
513:2024
508:2019
503:2014
498:2009
493:2004
488:1999
483:1997
478:1992
473:1987
468:1982
463:1977
458:1971
453:1955
198:Ind.
4304:Art
4059:Law
3661:and
2841:doi
1864:).
935:of
872:dil
862:jur
851:):
839:bas
825:mum
562:Law
114:Law
4613::
2987:.
2883:,
2835:,
2823:,
2808:,
2669:.
2643:.
2617::
2609:.
2582:.
2551:.
2524:.
2481:.
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2416:.
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2329:.
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