900:. Admitting that there are stylistic problems between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Thessalonians, he argues that part of the problem is due to the composite nature of 2 Thessalonians. Murphy-O'Connor, along with many others scholars, argues that the current text of 2 Thessalonians is the product of merging two or more authentic letters of Paul. Once the text of this interpolated letter is removed and the two letters compared, Murphy-O'Connor asserts that this objection is "drastically weakened", and concludes, "The arguments against the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians are so weak that it is preferable to accept the traditional ascription of the letter to Paul."
957:, estimated to have been written around 160-170 CE; forgers were not forced to write close in time to the writers they imitated. On the other hand, it is not clear that a forger would need to ensure his writing was not contemporaneous with 1 Thessalonians if he was not actually writing the letter to Thessalonica; furthermore, if Nicholls is correct in believing 2 Thessalonians to be authentic, then Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:2 provides evidence that forgeries in his name already existed in his own lifetime, discrediting his argument that forgers would take care to write far enough apart in time to ensure contemporaries could not denounce the forgery.
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829:, 2 Thessalonians 1:1β2) and closing benedictions (1 Thessalonians 5:28, 2 Thessalonians 3:16dβ18) which frame two, balancing, sections (AA'). In 2 Thessalonians these begin with similar successions of nine Greek words, at 1:3 and 2:13. The opening letter section (1:3β2:12) itself comprises two halves, 1:3β12 (where the introductory piece, A, is 1:3β5; the first development, B, is 1:6β10; and the paralleling and concluding development, B', is 1:11β12) and 2:1β12 (with pieces: A 2:1β4, B 2:5β7, B' 2:8β12).
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writes, "Paul calls attention to his signature, which was added by his own hand as a token of genuineness to every letter of his (3:17)." While some draw attention to this verse as an excessive attempt of a forging author to convince his readers of authenticity, a parallel stock phrase has been noted
832:
The second, balancing, letter section (2:13β3:16c) also comprises two halves: 2:13β3:5 (with pieces: A 2:13β14, B 2:15β17, B' 3:1β5) and 3:6β16c (with pieces: A 3:6β9, B 3:10β12, B' 3:13-16c). Of the twelve pieces in 2 Thessalonians, seven begin with 'brother' introductions. Of the eighteen pieces in
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then doubts appear. There is a great dissimilarity between the two; this is not only one of words, small phrases and concepts but extends to the total structure of the two letters which is in addition different from what is taken to be the standard
Pauline form. At the same time the second letter is
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where he stresses in his 9th epistle, under potential fears of the circulation of a forged letter, that examination of the style of the signature should be used in order to authenticate the letter: "examine whether both the writing and the signature are yours and write back to us what the matter is
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G. Milligan argued that a church which possessed an authentic letter of Paul would be unlikely to accept a fake addressed to them. This argument was similarly supported by Colin
Nicholl, who has put forward a substantial argument for the authenticity of Second Thessalonians. He points out that "the
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Paul ends this letter by saying, "I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, and this is a distinguishing mark in every letter; this is the way I write. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all" (2 Thessalonians 3:17β18). Macarthur writes, "Paul added an identifying signature (cf. 1
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If this letter is authentic, then it might have been written soon after Paul's first letter to this communityβor possibly years later. Brown notes that Paul "most likely visited
Thessalonica several times in his journeys to Macedonia". However, if the letter is not authentic, Brown notes that "in
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1 Thessalonians, fourteen begin with 'brother' introductions. In both letters, the sections balance in size and focus, and in many details. In 2 Thessalonians, in 2:5 and 3:10, for example, there is a structural balance of the use of "when I was with you..." and "when we were with you...".
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Regarding
Nicholl's argument for authenticity, on the one hand, it is worth noting that at least some forged Pauline letters were written well after a date modern scholars might deem early enough for the letter to be considered Pauline, such as the
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was the second city in Europe where Paul helped to create an organized
Christian community. At some point after the first letter was sent, probably soon, some of the Thessalonians grew concerned over whether those who had died would share in the
903:
Those who believe Paul was the author of 2 Thessalonians also note how Paul drew attention to the authenticity of the letter by signing it himself: "I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand, which is how I write in every letter."
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differentiates oral tradition from written tradition. At that time, the oral tradition has been defined as the "tradition" and the written tradition as "Scripture", united together in "the authenticity of their apostolic origin".
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of each one of you toward one another grows ever greater; therefore, we ourselves speak proudly of you among the churches of God for your perseverance and faith in the midst of all your persecutions and afflictions which you
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writes, "These have been passed on by word of mouth from Paul or from the other apostles, without necessarily being written down," and mentions the
Trinitarian confession of faith as an example of "unwritten tradition".
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From the inference of 2:1β2, the
Thessalonians were faced with a false teaching, saying that Christ had already returned. This error is corrected in chapter 2 (2:1β12), where Paul tells the Thessalonians that a great
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The letter continues by encouraging the
Thessalonian church to stand firm in their faith, and to "keep away from every brother who leads an unruly life and not according to the tradition which you received from
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must occur before Christ's return. Seeing as how this series of events has not yet happened, his argument reads, Christ cannot have returned yet. He then expresses thanks that his readers were the
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Scholars who support its authenticity view it as having been written around 51β52 AD, shortly after the First
Epistle. Those who see it as a later composition assign a date of around 80β115 AD.
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some ways interpretation becomes more complex." Brown believes that the majority of scholars who advocate pseudonymity would place it towards the end of the first century, the same time that
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is divided on whether the epistle was written by Paul; some scholars believe Paul wrote this epistle, but others reject its authenticity based on what they see as differences in style and
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is to see it as a deliberate imitation of 1 Thessalonians, updating the apostle's thought." Perrin bases this claim on his hypothesis that prayer at the time usually treated
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A passage from this book reading "For even when we were with you, this we commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat", (3:10), was later adapted by
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929:, Paul Foster, and Kretzmann. According to Leon Moris in 1986, the majority of current scholars at that time still held to Paul's authorship of 2 Thessalonians.
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do not associate with him, so that he will be put to shame. Yet do not regard him as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother" (2 Thessalonians 3:6β7, 14β15).
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Several modern scholars agree with Ehrman that 2 Thessalonians was not written by Paul but by an associate or disciple after his death. Scholars include
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published his opinion, Paul's authorship of this epistle was questioned. More recent challenges to this traditional belief came from scholars such as
1608:"All Thessalonians scholars will need to engage with the arguments of this contribution to the study of the letters." Oakes, P, Review of Nicholl in
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1166:, argues that the traditions stated by Paul should be preserved and memorized, at a minimum in the form of the Creed. In his homily on this verse,
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puts forward some of the most common arguments against the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians. For example, he argues that the views concerning the
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of Christ expressed in 2 Thessalonians differ so strikingly from those found in 1 Thessalonians that they cannot be written by the same author.
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Translation of the letter taken from The
Fathers of the Church: St. Cyprian Letters 1-81, Catholic University of America Press 1964, p24
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reflects a dilemma for this position: on the one hand, the date needs to be early enough for the letter to have been accepted as Pauline
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The authenticity of this epistle is still in widespread dispute. As Professor Ernest Best, New Testament scholar, explains the problem:
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the other hand, the date and destination need to be such that the author could be confident that no contemporary of 1 Thessalonians
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We ought always to give thanks to God for you, brethren, as is only fitting, because your faith is greatly enlarged, and the
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alleged to be less intimate and personal in tone than the first, and in some of its teaching, particularly in relation to
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Alfred Loisy, The Birth of the Christian Religion, University Books, New York 1962, pp. 20β21 (originally published as
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Earl D. Radmacher (Th.D.), Ronald B. Allen (Th.D.), H. Wayne House (Th.D., J.D.). "NKJV Study Bible (2nd ed.)" p. 1903.
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of God, chosen for salvation and saved by his grace through faith, and thus not susceptible to the deception of the "
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Moris, Leon (1986). Concordia NIV Study Bible. ed. Hoerber, Robert G. St. Lous: Concordia Publishing House, p.1840.
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points out, whether this letter is an authentic writing of Paul or written by one of his followers in his name.
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Paul opens the letter praising this church for their faithfulness and perseverance in the face of persecution:
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writes, "The emphasis is on how to maintain a church with an effective testimony in proper response to sound
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1149:) which you were taught, whether by word of mouth or by our letter." Quoting this verse, in his
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says Paul's reference to tradition implicates that "what was delivered was from the Lord", and
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The traditional view is that the second epistle to the Thessalonians was probably written from
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Corinthians 16:21; Colossians 4:18) so his readers could be sure he was truly the author."
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Forged: Writing in the Name of GodβWhy the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are
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1868:(The Authenticity of the Second Letter to the Thessalonians investigated), Leipzig 1903
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1029:" in the second chapter of this letter, whether this personage is identified with the
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One piece of evidence for the authenticity of the epistle is that it was included in
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In 2 Thessalonians 2:15, Paul instructs his readers to "old fast to the traditions (
1065:: "Now may the Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times and in every way.")
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The structures of the two letters (to which Best refers) include opening greetings (
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1013:. This letter was written in response to this concern. The problem then arises, as
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1987:
The New Testament: An Introduction: Proclamation and Parenesis, Myth and History
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by some in the authentic Galatians 6:11. A parallel has also been noted among
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1935:
First Thessalonians, Philippians, Second Thessalonians, Colossians, Ephesians
4714:
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4377:
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1817:, Journal for the Study of the New Testament , vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 150-175.
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2317:
Buttrick, George Arthur; Bowie, Walter Russell; Scherer, Paul; Knox, John;
2042:(Kindle ed.). Smyrna, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. Kindle Location 59337.
1818:
1528:
New Testament: New Testimony to the skills of the writers and first readers
2409:
by various authors; maintained by the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library.
1245:
page showing the end of Second Thessalonians and the beginning of Hebrews.
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2182:
The Gospel & the End of Time: The Message of 1 & 2 Thessalonians
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2275: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Another scholar who argues for the authenticity of this letter is
744:
1706:, IVP New Testament Series, Leicester: InterVarsity Press, 2003,
981:, Vincent Smiles, Udo Schnelle, Eugene Boring, and Joseph Kelly.
5012:
2372:
Online translations of the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians:
949:
in 1933, who challenged the traditional view of the authorship.
3603:
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2479:
1062:
54:
1249:
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this book are:
1126:," (2 Thessalonians 2:13β14) first mentioned here as is the "
1297:
Textual variants in the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
1194:
1866:
Die Echtheit des zweiten Thessalonicherbriefes untersucht
1815:
Who Wrote 2 Thessalonians: A Fresh Look at an Old Problem
1025:
was written. These scholars emphasize the appearance of "
1663:
The New Testament: Its Background, Growth, & Content
2362:, Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press
2351:
The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ
1948:
The History and Theology of the New Testament Writings
1681:'In My Own Hand': Grapho-Literacy and the Apostle Paul
1521:
1519:
877:
The lack of consensus regarding a date and destination
799:
few scholars would doubt that Paul wrote it; but when
3831:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
2353:, vol. 2nd, New York: Methodist Episcopal Church
3757:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
2358:
Rombs, Ronnie J.; Hwang, Alexander Y., eds. (2010),
1795:
1 and 2 Thessalonians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary
985:
observes, "The best understanding of 2 Thessalonians
873:
more vulnerable than most of its advocates conceded.
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2568:
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2513:
2360:
Tradition and the Rule of Faith in the Early Church
2157:
Remembering Our Future: Explorations in Deep Church
1974:An Introduction to the New Testament for Catholics
1775:The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians
1510:The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians
1106:The letter contains a whole chapter regarding the
819:The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians
1674:
1672:
1037:and Revelation, or with a historical person like
4885:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1110:of Christ, among other themes and instructions.
917:Other scholars who hold to authenticity include
2290:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
2155:Walker, Andrew; Bretherton, Luke, eds. (2013).
1950:(Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1998), pp. 315β25
1450:"The New Testament (Recovery Version)" p. 959,
1338:. It is most commonly abbreviated as "2 Thess."
1089:
793:
4783:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
1946:Udo Schnelle, translated by M. Eugene Boring,
3788:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
3615:
2602:
2491:
2159:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 67β68.
716:
490:
8:
2325:, vol. 11th, Nashville: Parthenon Press
2107:
2105:
2024:See the discussion on this chapter in Best,
1424:The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament
1364:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 989.
3836:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
2402:Exegetical Papers on Second Thessalonians:
2114:1 and 2 Thessalonians Through the Centuries
4136:
3939:Climate change and civilizational collapse
3899:
3622:
3608:
3600:
2843:
2609:
2595:
2587:
2555:He who does not work, neither shall he eat
2498:
2484:
2476:
2412:
1963:, Westminster John Knox Press, 2004 p. 652
1924:, Westminster John Knox Press, 1998, p. 93
1610:Journal for the Study of the New Testament
1579:
1577:
1568:Saint Paul's Epistles to the Thessalonians
1332:Second Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians
1228:he who does not work, neither shall he eat
723:
709:
508:
497:
483:
31:
2095:
2093:
1777:, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, rev.edn, 1991,
1053:Quotation from 2 Thess 3:16 on a wall in
4942:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
4880:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
2219:Macarthur (Kindle Locations 59568β59569)
1819:https://doi.org/10.1177/0142064X12462654
2002:(New York: Doubleday, 1997), pp. 594β96
1351:
1323:
889:could have exposed 2 Thessalonians as a
520:
43:
2304:
2293:
1724:The Letters to the Thessalonians: The
2341:, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
1989:, (Harcourt College Publishers, 1974)
1961:The People's New Testament Commentary
1757:, Peterborough: Epworth Press, 2005,
1729:, Eerdmans/Apollos, 2002, (Eerdmans)
7:
3959:Tipping points in the climate system
2417:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
2000:An Introduction to the New Testament
1959:M. Eugene Boring, Fred B. Craddock,
1897:. Harper Collins. pp. 121β122.
1665:(3rd ed.). Nashville: Abingdon.
1586:From Hope to Despair in Thessalonica
747:. It is traditionally attributed to
63:, showing 2 Cor 11:33β12:9
5101:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
3954:Extinction risk from climate change
3853:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
3541:Other books referenced in the Bible
3500:New Testament manuscript categories
2507:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
849:. It was also mentioned by name by
737:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
4914:List of fictional doomsday devices
3071:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2339:The New Jerome Biblical Commentary
2184:. InterVarsity Press. p. 77.
1400:from the original on 21 April 2022
1302:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
787:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
765:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
25:
3934:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
1891:Ehrman, Bart D. (22 March 2011).
1755:The Epistles to the Thessalonians
1378:from the original on 3 June 2021.
1330:The book is sometimes called the
1073:not many months after the first.
773:The original text was written in
5050:
5049:
5037:
4195:Decline in amphibian populations
2384:
2321:; Terrien, Samuel, eds. (1955),
2270:
1622:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome (1996).
1076:Biblical commentator and pastor
955:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
937:At least as early as 1798, when
529:
463:
451:
53:
5131:Christianity in Roman Macedonia
4546:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
4043:Land surface effects on climate
4016:Human impact on the environment
3647:Future of an expanding universe
3556:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2337:; Murphy, Roland, eds. (1990),
1937:, Liturgical Press, 2005, p. 53
1726:Pillar New Testament Commentary
921:, Gene L. Green, Ivor H Jones,
2407:Exegesises of II Thessalonians
2112:Thiselton, Anthony C. (2011).
2040:The MacArthur Bible Commentary
1976:, Liturgical Press, 2006 p. 32
1922:First and Second Thessalonians
1797:, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans,
1588:. Cambridge University Press.
939:Johann Ernst Christian Schmidt
59:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
4492:Interpretations of Revelation
4294:Cosmological phase transition
4200:Decline in insect populations
3652:Ultimate fate of the universe
1879:La Naissance du Christianisme
1793:Witherington III, B, (2006),
1639:; see similar indications in
1477:Menken, Maarten J.J. (2002).
1162:shares a similar view in his
1084:and obedience to the truth."
812:, to conflict with the first.
690:Apostles in the New Testament
4947:Future of Humanity Institute
4344:Potentially hazardous object
4244:Interplanetary contamination
1195:
5111:2nd-century Christian texts
5106:1st-century Christian texts
4827:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
3976:Global terrestrial stilling
2394:public domain audiobook at
2241:"Constitutional principles"
1512:. New York: Harper and Row.
1234:Surviving early manuscripts
1130:" (2 Thessalonians 2:6β7).
1101:2 Thessalonians, 1:3β5 NASB
5147:
4339:Asteroid impact prediction
4314:Heat death of the universe
3724:Mutual assured destruction
3536:English Bible translations
2924:Song of the Three Children
2180:Stott, John R. W. (1991).
1626:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1553:New Testament Introduction
1390:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1184:
1138:
933:Opposition to authenticity
784:
5031:
4957:Nuclear Threat Initiative
4890:List of apocalyptic films
4733:2011 end times prediction
4465:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
4460:Abomination of desolation
4334:Asteroid impact avoidance
4164:List of extinction events
4006:Environmental degradation
3793:Technological singularity
3637:
3631:Global catastrophic risks
3574:
2453:
2440:
2432:
2415:
2287:Easton's Bible Dictionary
2116:. John Wiley & Sons.
1661:Metzger, Bruce M (2003).
1526:Palmer, David G. (2006).
645:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
417:New Testament manuscripts
27:Book of the New Testament
4952:Future of Life Institute
4854:Resurrection of the dead
4847:Post-tribulation rapture
4229:Colony collapse disorder
2038:Macarthur, John (2009).
1551:Guthrie, Donald (1990).
966:, New Testament scholar
837:Support for authenticity
3778:Artificial intelligence
3398:Intertestamental period
2323:The Interpreter's Bible
2209:2 Thessalonians 3:14β15
2075:2 Thessalonians 2:13β14
1918:Beverly Roberts Gaventa
1584:Nicholl, Colin (2004).
1199:) "apostolic 'tradition
979:Beverly Roberts Gaventa
755:as a co-author. Modern
470:Christianity portal
4907:List of disaster films
4748:Apocalyptic literature
3848:Malthusian catastrophe
3774:Synthetic intelligence
3382:Apocalyptic literature
3019:Paralipomena of Baruch
2282:Easton, Matthew George
2064:2 Thessalonians 2:1β12
1972:Joseph Francis Kelly,
1246:
1146:
1104:
1066:
898:Jerome Murphy-O'Connor
823:
4289:Coronal mass ejection
3751:Electromagnetic pulse
3712:Kinetic energy weapon
3546:Additional Scriptures
3510:New Testament uncials
2205:2 Thessalonians 3:6β7
2086:2 Thessalonians 2:6β7
2053:2 Thessalonians 1:3β5
1679:Keith, Chris (2008).
1624:Paul: A critical life
1566:Milligan, G. (1908).
1508:Best, Ernest (1972).
1241:
1179:calls the tradition (
1164:Catechetical Lectures
1052:
997:, rather than Jesus.
795:f we only possessed
763:between this and the
4691:War of Gog and Magog
4368:Near-Earth supernova
4118:Human overpopulation
3922:Mass mortality event
3816:Anthropogenic hazard
3531:Bible version debate
3505:New Testament papyri
3451:Samaritan Pentateuch
3076:Testament of Abraham
3014:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
2319:Bailey Harmon, Nolan
2229:2 Thessalonians 3:10
1637:2 Thessalonians 3:17
1612:2005; 27; pp. 113β14
1458:(economy ed., black)
1394:Logos Bible Software
927:Ben Witherington III
869:pseudonymous view is
827:1 Thessalonians 1:1a
801:Second Thessalonians
797:Second Thessalonians
757:biblical scholarship
695:Pauline Christianity
427:Johannine literature
128:Acts of the Apostles
61:New Testament papyri
5116:New Testament books
4763:Blood moon prophecy
4556:Number of the Beast
4154:Holocene extinction
4100:Earth Overshoot Day
4048:Ocean acidification
4011:Habitat destruction
4001:Ecological collapse
3707:Kinetic bombardment
3642:Future of the Earth
3473:Muratorian fragment
3408:New Testament canon
3403:Old Testament canon
3296:Chapters and verses
2914:Additions to Daniel
2880:Additions to Esther
2436:First Thessalonians
2247:. 9 November 2011.
2145:Rombs (2010), p. 28
2136:Rombs (2010), p. 27
1933:Vincent M. Smiles,
1641:1 Corinthians 16:21
1284:Codex Claromontanus
1222:as an adage of the
847:Muratorian fragment
805:First Thessalonians
739:is a book from the
412:New Testament canon
5126:Canonical epistles
5078:Doomsday scenarios
4644:Beast of the Earth
4536:Book of Revelation
4324:Virtual black hole
4304:False vacuum decay
4254:Pollinator decline
4217:Biological warfare
4207:Biotechnology risk
4058:Resource depletion
3086:Testament of Jacob
3081:Testament of Isaac
2966:Prayer of Manasseh
2929:Bel and the Dragon
2909:Letter of Jeremiah
2449:Books of the Bible
2099:Rombs (2010), p. 8
1831:Popular Commentary
1530:. Ceridwen Press.
1272:Codex Alexandrinus
1247:
1160:Cyril of Jerusalem
1151:On the Holy Spirit
1067:
640:Apocalypse of Paul
628:Related literature
542:Pauline literature
338:Book of Revelation
5088:
5087:
4919:Zombie apocalypse
4820:Postmillennialism
4615:Great Tribulation
4388:Stellar collision
4349:Near-Earth object
4299:Geomagnetic storm
4267:
4266:
4190:Biodiversity loss
4174:Genetic pollution
4128:
4127:
3917:Biodiversity loss
3880:Societal collapse
3858:Nuclear holocaust
3843:Economic collapse
3826:Doomsday argument
3744:Antimatter weapon
3597:
3596:
3566:Textual criticism
3129:
3128:
3053:Psalms of Solomon
2996:Orthodox Tewahedo
2584:
2583:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2454:Succeeded by
2446:
2380:at GospelHall.org
2303:Missing or empty
2296:cite encyclopedia
1904:978-0-06-207863-6
1704:1β2 Thessalonians
1595:978-0-521-83142-0
1494:978-1-134-86748-6
1371:978-1-4335-6343-0
1193:
803:is put alongside
743:of the Christian
733:
732:
507:
506:
437:Pastoral epistles
270:Catholic epistles
16:(Redirected from
5138:
5121:Pauline epistles
5053:
5052:
5044:World portal
5042:
5041:
5003:Financial crisis
4832:Nibiru cataclysm
4810:Premillennialism
4654:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
4622:Son of perdition
4610:Olivet Discourse
4586:Whore of Babylon
4212:Biological agent
4159:Human extinction
4149:Extinction event
4137:
4108:Overexploitation
4038:Land consumption
4033:Land degradation
3900:
3762:Micro black hole
3670:Chemical warfare
3624:
3617:
3610:
3601:
3446:Dead Sea Scrolls
3428:Dating the Bible
3306:Historical books
2943:Eastern Orthodox
2856:Eastern Orthodox
2844:
2837:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2588:
2576:Textual variants
2500:
2493:
2486:
2477:
2462:pastoral epistle
2460:
2442:
2433:Preceded by
2413:
2398:Various versions
2388:
2387:
2363:
2354:
2342:
2335:Collins, Raymond
2326:
2312:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2274:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2237:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1983:
1977:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1888:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1864:William Wreded,
1862:
1856:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1813:Foster, P 2012,
1811:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1771:
1765:
1751:
1745:
1720:
1714:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1581:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1437:978-1-40510825-6
1416:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1356:
1339:
1328:
1278:Codex Freerianus
1266:Codex Sinaiticus
1210:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1186:
1173:Everett Ferguson
1140:
1102:
988:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
853:, and quoted by
821:
749:Paul the Apostle
725:
718:
711:
685:Paul the Apostle
533:
509:
499:
492:
485:
468:
467:
458:Bible portal
456:
455:
454:
422:Synoptic Gospels
392:Petrine epistles
379:Pauline epistles
154:Pauline epistles
85:Four Evangelists
57:
32:
21:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5063:Future problems
5036:
5027:
4961:
4930:
4897:Climate fiction
4863:
4738:2012 phenomenon
4721:
4627:Sheep and Goats
4514:2 Thessalonians
4392:
4309:Gamma-ray burst
4263:
4178:
4169:Genetic erosion
4124:
4094:
4085:Water pollution
4053:Ozone depletion
3949:Desertification
3889:
3804:
3739:Doomsday device
3719:Nuclear warfare
3658:
3633:
3628:
3598:
3593:
3570:
3514:
3432:
3423:Christian canon
3386:
3321:Prophetic books
3284:
3215:2 Thessalonians
3210:1 Thessalonians
3125:
3092:
3057:
3028:
2990:
2949:
2935:
2863:
2835:
2834:
2826:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2585:
2580:
2564:
2543:
2509:
2504:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2447:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2391:2 Thessalonians
2385:
2370:
2357:
2345:
2329:
2316:
2302:
2292:
2280:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1998:Raymond Brown,
1997:
1993:
1985:Norman Perrin,
1984:
1980:
1971:
1967:
1958:
1954:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1792:
1788:
1772:
1768:
1753:Jones, Ivor H,
1752:
1748:
1722:Green, Gene L,
1721:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1649:Colossians 4:18
1635:
1631:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1555:. Hazell Books.
1550:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1480:2 Thessalonians
1476:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:. p. 517.
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1372:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1336:2 Thessalonians
1329:
1325:
1320:
1293:
1280:(~450; partial)
1260:Codex Vaticanus
1243:Codex Vaticanus
1236:
1208:
1200:
1168:John Chrysostom
1155:Basil the Great
1103:
1100:
1047:
1027:that man of sin
1003:
986:
935:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
843:Marcion's canon
839:
822:
816:
789:
783:
729:
700:
699:
680:
679:
670:
669:
655:Paul and Thecla
630:
629:
620:
619:
595:2 Thessalonians
590:1 Thessalonians
550:
549:
503:
474:
462:
452:
450:
442:
441:
407:
406:
397:
396:
388:
372:
368:Johannine works
355:
354:
343:
342:
329:
326:
315:
294:
266:
258:
242:
226:
222:2 Thessalonians
217:1 Thessalonians
210:
194:
178:
149:
148:
133:
132:
117:
114:
80:
79:
64:
45:
28:
23:
22:
18:2 Thessalonians
15:
12:
11:
5:
5144:
5142:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5093:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Apocalypticism
5047:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4902:Disaster films
4899:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4877:
4875:Alien invasion
4871:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4815:Amillennialism
4812:
4802:
4800:Millenarianism
4797:
4796:
4795:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4753:Apocalypticism
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4707:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4649:Dhu al-Qarnayn
4646:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Great Apostasy
4592:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4474:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4442:
4440:Last Judgement
4437:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4402:
4400:
4398:Eschatological
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4341:
4336:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4145:
4143:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4113:Overpopulation
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4090:Water scarcity
4087:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4075:
4065:
4063:Sea level rise
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4026:on marine life
4023:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3981:Global warming
3978:
3973:
3971:Global dimming
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3929:Cascade effect
3926:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3904:Climate change
3897:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3771:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Doomsday Clock
3731:
3726:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3685:Cyberterrorism
3682:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:Synod of Hippo
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3495:Masoretic Text
3492:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3331:Minor prophets
3328:
3326:Major prophets
3318:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3104:Pseudepigrapha
3100:
3098:
3097:Classification
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:Psalms 152β155
3039:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2911:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2697:1β2 Chronicles
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2626:
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2606:
2599:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2579:
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2545:
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2511:
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2505:
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2502:
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2472:
2471:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2416:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2399:
2382:
2369:
2368:External links
2366:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2343:
2331:Brown, Raymond
2327:
2266:
2265:
2232:
2221:
2212:
2197:
2190:
2172:
2165:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2101:
2089:
2078:
2067:
2056:
2045:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1978:
1965:
1952:
1939:
1926:
1910:
1903:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1835:
1822:
1806:
1786:
1773:Morris, Leon,
1766:
1746:
1715:
1695:
1686:
1668:
1653:
1645:Galatians 6:11
1629:
1614:
1601:
1594:
1573:
1558:
1543:
1536:
1515:
1500:
1493:
1487:. p. 65.
1469:
1460:
1443:
1436:
1420:Aune, David E.
1411:
1381:
1370:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1322:
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1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1235:
1232:
1220:Vladimir Lenin
1124:Great Apostasy
1098:
1078:John MacArthur
1046:
1043:
1002:
999:
995:ultimate judge
991:God the Father
968:Bart D. Ehrman
934:
931:
838:
835:
814:
785:Main article:
782:
779:
731:
730:
728:
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705:
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701:
698:
697:
692:
687:
681:
677:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
665:Prayer of Paul
662:
660:Peter and Paul
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
631:
627:
626:
625:
622:
621:
618:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
551:
540:
539:
538:
535:
534:
526:
525:
518:
517:
516:of articles on
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
473:
472:
460:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
424:
419:
414:
408:
405:Related topics
404:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
389:
387:
386:
381:
375:
373:
371:
370:
365:
359:
356:
350:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
340:
334:
333:
328:
327:
325:
324:
318:
316:
314:
313:
308:
303:
297:
295:
293:
292:
287:
281:
279:
273:
272:
265:
264:
259:
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229:
227:
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213:
211:
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208:
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187:
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165:
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157:
156:
150:
140:
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138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
124:
123:
116:
115:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
91:
88:
87:
81:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
58:
50:
49:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5143:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5073:Risk analysis
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Social crisis
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:Organizations
4933:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4860:
4859:World to come
4857:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4805:Millennialism
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4793:Messianic Age
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Gog and Magog
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4768:Earth Changes
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4605:New Jerusalem
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:War in Heaven
4579:
4577:
4576:Two witnesses
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4445:Second Coming
4443:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Deforestation
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3885:World War III
3883:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3800:Transhumanism
3798:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:Technological
3661:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3620:
3618:
3613:
3611:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:2 Corinthians
3176:
3174:
3173:1 Corinthians
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3135:New Testament
3132:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:New Testament
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3024:Broader canon
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Song of Songs
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:Old Testament
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2560:Second Coming
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2518:
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2444:New Testament
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2277:public domain
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2245:The Economist
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2191:9780830817498
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2168:
2166:9781620328354
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2142:
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2133:
2130:
2125:
2123:9781444390148
2119:
2115:
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2068:
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2060:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2028:, pp. 273β310
2027:
2026:Thessalonians
2021:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
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1853:Thessalonians
1848:
1845:
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1803:0-8028-2836-1
1800:
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1783:0-8028-2168-5
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1763:0-7162-0595-5
1760:
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1743:0-85111-781-3
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1735:0-8028-3738-7
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1537:0-9513661-4-9
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1456:1-57593-907-X
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1361:ESV Pew Bible
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1256:(3rd century)
1255:
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1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1182:
1181:Ancient Greek
1178:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1135:Ancient Greek
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1108:second advent
1097:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
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1072:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1044:
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1036:
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1024:
1018:
1016:
1015:Raymond Brown
1012:
1007:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
984:
983:Norman Perrin
980:
975:
973:
972:Second Coming
969:
965:
964:
958:
956:
950:
948:
944:
943:William Wrede
940:
932:
930:
928:
924:
920:
919:Gregory Beale
915:
912:
907:
906:Bruce Metzger
901:
899:
894:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
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830:
828:
820:
817:Ernest Best,
813:
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741:New Testament
738:
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635:Lost epistles
633:
632:
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591:
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566:
565:2 Corinthians
563:
561:
560:1 Corinthians
558:
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174:2 Corinthians
172:
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169:1 Corinthians
167:
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111:
108:
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68:
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62:
56:
52:
51:
48:
47:New Testament
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5035:
4978:Cyberwarfare
4696:Third Temple
4551:Lake of fire
4513:
4361:Rogue planet
4329:Impact event
4319:Proton decay
4272:Astronomical
4222:Bioterrorism
4068:Supervolcano
3966:Flood basalt
3912:Anoxic event
3821:Collapsology
3809:Sociological
3680:Cyberwarfare
3484:Vetus Latina
3482:
3465:
3418:Jewish canon
3413:Antilegomena
3315:Poetic Books
3311:Wisdom books
3289:Subdivisions
3214:
3202:
2907: /
2832:Deuterocanon
2752:Lamentations
2732:Ecclesiastes
2639:(protocanon)
2630:Hebrew Bible
2506:
2441:
2420:
2401:
2390:
2378:Online Bible
2377:
2371:
2359:
2350:
2347:Clarke, Adam
2338:
2322:
2305:|title=
2285:
2269:
2256:. Retrieved
2244:
2235:
2224:
2215:
2200:
2181:
2175:
2156:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2113:
2081:
2070:
2059:
2048:
2039:
2033:
2025:
2020:
2013:Introduction
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1814:
1809:
1794:
1789:
1774:
1769:
1754:
1749:
1723:
1718:
1703:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1662:
1656:
1632:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1604:
1585:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1546:
1527:
1509:
1503:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1446:
1423:
1414:
1402:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1360:
1354:
1335:
1334:, or simply
1331:
1326:
1307:Thessaloniki
1248:
1224:Soviet Union
1217:
1213:
1205:
1163:
1150:
1132:
1112:
1105:
1090:
1086:
1075:
1068:
1019:
1006:Thessalonica
1004:
976:
961:
960:In his book
959:
951:
947:Alfred Loisy
945:in 1903 and
936:
916:
902:
895:
867:
840:
831:
824:
818:
804:
800:
796:
794:
790:
772:
769:
736:
734:
650:Acts of Paul
594:
524:in the Bible
221:
44:Books of the
29:
5054:Categories
5023:Survivalism
4710:Zoroastrian
4566:Seven seals
4561:Seven bowls
4487:Historicism
4383:Solar flare
4259:Overfishing
4234:Defaunation
4021:coral reefs
3783:AI takeover
3702:Nanoweapons
3690:Cybergeddon
3675:Cyberattack
3589:WikiProject
3467:Diatessaron
3438:Manuscripts
3391:Development
3193:Philippians
3063:Beta Israel
2981:4 Maccabees
2976:3 Maccabees
2890:2 Maccabees
2885:1 Maccabees
2667:Deuteronomy
1737:/(Apollos)
1702:Beale, GK,
1147:traditiones
1116:tribulation
1082:eschatology
923:Leon Morris
914:in truth."
810:eschatology
781:Composition
775:Koine Greek
580:Philippians
201:Philippians
5095:Categories
4983:Depression
4973:Ransomware
4788:Messianism
4758:Armageddon
4743:Apocalypse
4531:Antichrist
4519:Man of sin
4416:Three Ages
4279:Big Crunch
4141:Extinction
4133:Biological
3895:Ecological
3767:Strangelet
3526:Authorship
3456:Septuagint
3301:Pentateuch
3280:Revelation
3204:Laodiceans
3198:Colossians
2687:1β2 Samuel
2258:1 February
1683:. Biblica.
1651:. NETBible
1346:References
1254:Papyrus 30
1177:John Stott
1139:ΟΞ±ΟΞ±Ξ΄ΟΟΡιΟ
1031:Antichrist
1023:Revelation
1001:Background
893:forgery."
585:Colossians
546:Authorship
352:Authorship
332:Apocalypse
206:Colossians
146:Apocalypse
121:Lukan Acts
4868:Fictional
4715:Saoshyant
4600:New Earth
4571:The Beast
4504:Preterism
4477:Christian
4433:Kali Yuga
4378:Micronova
4373:Hypernova
4239:Dysgenics
4080:Verneshot
3986:Hypercane
3729:Dead Hand
3365:Johannine
3225:2 Timothy
3220:1 Timothy
3188:Ephesians
3183:Galatians
2971:Psalm 151
2839:apocrypha
2817:Zechariah
2807:Zephaniah
2692:1β2 Kings
2657:Leviticus
2253:0013-0613
1485:Routledge
1428:Blackwell
1274:(400β440)
1268:(330β360)
1262:(325β350)
1196:paradosis
1190:romanized
1185:ΟΞ±ΟάδοΟΞΉΟ
1061:(English
605:2 Timothy
600:1 Timothy
575:Ephesians
570:Galatians
363:Luke-Acts
238:2 Timothy
233:1 Timothy
190:Ephesians
185:Galatians
5008:Pandemic
4993:Epidemic
4988:Droughts
4842:Prewrath
4773:End time
4639:Al-Qa'im
4524:Katechon
4509:2 Esdras
4499:Idealism
4482:Futurism
4411:Maitreya
4406:Buddhist
4249:Pandemic
3697:Gray goo
3579:Category
3478:Peshitta
3375:Catholic
3370:Pastoral
3355:Epistles
3348:Synoptic
3235:Philemon
3048:2 Baruch
3035:Peshitta
3009:Jubilees
2961:2 Esdras
2956:1 Esdras
2851:Catholic
2802:Habakkuk
2747:Jeremiah
2727:Proverbs
2707:Nehemiah
2534:Silvanus
2396:LibriVox
2349:(1831),
2284:(1897).
2015:, p. 595
1422:(2010).
1404:21 April
1398:Archived
1376:Archived
1291:See also
1128:Katechon
1099:β
1039:Caligula
1011:parousia
863:Polycarp
855:Ignatius
851:Irenaeus
845:and the
815:β
761:theology
678:See also
615:Philemon
514:a series
512:Part of
431:epistles
254:Philemon
142:Epistles
37:a series
35:Part of
5068:Hazards
4966:General
4837:Rapture
4686:Messiah
4674:Sufyani
4664:Israfil
4634:Islamic
4472:Messiah
4450:1 Enoch
4284:Big Rip
3996:Ecocide
3991:Ice age
3551:Studies
3519:Related
3490:Vulgate
3360:Pauline
3338:Gospels
3255:2 Peter
3250:1 Peter
3240:Hebrews
3143:Matthew
3033:Syriac
2919:Susanna
2822:Malachi
2782:Obadiah
2757:Ezekiel
2662:Numbers
2647:Genesis
2620:of the
2569:Related
2548:Phrases
2539:Timothy
2514:Persons
2468:Timothy
2425:Epistle
2422:Pauline
2279::
2011:Brown,
1881:, 1933)
1855:, p. 50
1192::
1071:Corinth
1045:Content
911:Cyprian
753:Timothy
751:, with
544: (
384:Hebrews
290:2 Peter
285:1 Peter
262:Hebrews
95:Matthew
73:Gospels
4998:Famine
4924:Zombie
4726:Others
4681:Jewish
4659:Dajjal
4541:Events
4455:Daniel
4356:winter
4183:Others
4073:winter
3873:winter
3868:famine
3863:cobalt
3584:Portal
3461:Targum
3270:3 John
3265:2 John
3260:1 John
3168:Romans
3121:Jewish
2946:Others
2905:Baruch
2900:Sirach
2895:Wisdom
2875:Judith
2860:Others
2812:Haggai
2762:Daniel
2742:Isaiah
2722:Psalms
2712:Esther
2677:Judges
2672:Joshua
2652:Exodus
2524:Christ
2251:
2188:
2163:
2120:
1901:
1851:Best,
1801:
1781:
1761:
1741:
1733:
1710:
1647:; and
1592:
1534:
1491:
1454:
1434:
1368:
1286:(~550)
1209:
1096:endure
1059:Latvia
1035:1 John
987:
963:Forged
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
861:, and
859:Justin
555:Romans
311:3 John
306:2 John
301:1 John
161:Romans
5013:Riots
4705:Norse
4669:Mahdi
4428:Kalki
4423:Hindu
3753:(EMP)
3245:James
3230:Titus
3004:Enoch
2870:Tobit
2797:Nahum
2792:Micah
2787:Jonah
2767:Hosea
2622:Bible
2618:Books
2521:Jesus
2457:First
1318:Notes
1312:Silas
1143:Latin
1120:elect
1055:CΔsis
745:Bible
610:Titus
277:James
249:Titus
3343:List
3275:Jude
3163:Acts
3158:John
3153:Luke
3148:Mark
3109:list
2986:Odes
2777:Amos
2772:Joel
2702:Ezra
2682:Ruth
2529:Paul
2309:help
2260:2017
2249:ISSN
2186:ISBN
2161:ISBN
2118:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1799:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1739:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1489:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1406:2022
1366:ISBN
1093:love
735:The
522:Paul
322:Jude
144:and
110:John
105:Luke
100:Mark
77:Acts
75:and
2836:and
2717:Job
1230:".
1226:: "
1203:".
1063:NIV
1033:of
993:as
5097::
3776:/
2465:to
2333:;
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2298:}}
2294:{{
2243:.
2207:;
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1920:,
1671:^
1643:;
1576:^
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1483:.
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1392:.
1374:.
1207:us
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1183::
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1141:,
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