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weapon was used on a 135 cm high cone mount M/31 which, while it worked, was heavy and cumbersome to move. The sight was typical ring sight of the era, with an oval-shaped front sight with two concentric rings while the rear sight was a small peg surrounded by a protective ring. In action the anti-aircraft machine gun had an intended crew of six: commander, gunner, two loaders and two ammunition handlers. Equipment included a transport case for the weapon, spare barrels, locks and springs, toolkit and a wooden transport case for ten spare belt boxes.
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important improvement was a new sight for the weapon. An additional rectangular bar was fitted between the rear and front sights and the front ring sight was mounted on this bar so that it could be moved back and forth based on the estimated speed of the aircraft. The ring sight was re-designed, with an outer ring for 60° shooting angle and an inner ring for 30° angle. The conical mount was replaced with a new tubular tripod mount M/40. The tripod was later further modified to reduce weight. Total modifications are:
458:. They were used in anti-aircraft machine gun companies and platoons, and later as close defence weapons for anti-aircraft gun batteries. After the war the guns were used in training until the 1960s, and were kept warehoused until 1986, when they were finally declared obsolete. When the guns were removed from inventory there were 467 weapons, of which 41 were in the original 7,62 ItKk/31 VKT configuration. A portion of the guns were given to museums, and rest were scrapped in 1988.
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350:. As a result of being part of Russia the vast majority of the armaments of the Finnish army was composed of old Tsarist Russian army equipment, and air defence weapons were few and obsolete. As part of the attempt to improve anti-aircraft armament it was decided to develop purpose-built anti-aircraft machine guns for the army since infantry
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further problems were found: the mount was heavy and cumbersome, and calibre of the weapon was not powerful enough. This last problem was exacerbated by the fact that the design of a domestic heavy 13.2 mm anti-aircraft machine gun had not proceeded beyond prototype stage; further development of
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Both guns have their own handles which are a mix between a pistol grip and a more usual shovel-handle type used in Maxim machine guns. Each handle has a trigger operated with a forefinger. Support bars protruded from the rear of the weapon that the gunner leaned on to bear the weapon on target. The
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that has been modified for a higher rate of fire with an accelerator and the use of 250-round disintegrating metallic belts (instead of canvas belts). With these modifications the weapon has a rate of fire of 900 rounds per minute for each gun. The weapon is also air-cooled instead of water-cooled,
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light machine gun. At barrel ends are conical flash suppressors. In the twin anti-aircraft machine gun configuration two guns are connected side by side with belt boxes on both sides of the pair and square boxes under both guns for empty shells and belt links. Both guns have cocking handles on the
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delayed the production, and mass-production did not began in earnest until 1943. A total of 367 weapons were produced, with a majority in 1944. Some guns were not finished in time to take part in the war. Additionally some of the original models were modified for the new standard during repairs.
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The most serious problem, the muzzle climb, was solved by modifying the muzzle brake to direct propellant gases only upwards, thus providing a force to counteract the muzzle climb from recoil. However, this unsymmetrical force also necessitated reinforcing the barrels and barrel jackets. Another
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were not adequate for the task. A development plan for 1930-1934 called for 125 heavy 13.2 mm machine guns and 125 7.62 mm machine guns. The task for designing the weapons was given to the gunsmith
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this weapon was stopped soon after. The calibre problem could not be helped, but some of the other problems could be solved and testing of different improvements began already in summer 1939.
383:(VKT, the "State Rifle Factory") in 1933 and first batch of guns was distributed to units on 22 June 1934. A further small batch of 10 guns was produced in 1940, bringing the total to 140.
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On 17 March 1941, 240 weapons were ordered from
Valtion Kivääritehdas, with a further 82 weapons to be delivered later. However the start of the
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7,62 ItKk/31 VKT and 7,62 ItKk/31-40 VKT were the most numerous anti-aircraft machine guns used by the
Finnish army during
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Already in the 1930s it was found that the 7,62 ItKk/31 VKT had some shortcomings. The recoil of the guns tended to cause
338:. 507 weapons were produced in two versions, 7,62 ItKk/31 VKT and an improved 7,62 ItKk/31-40 VKT, between 1933 and 1944.
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right side and recoil springs on the left; the left hand gun has a modified feed system to allow the belt run from left.
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The prototype of the 7,62 mm anti-aircraft machine gun was finished in 1931 and accepted for use as
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In the 1920s
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Heavier barrel jacket with a greater amount of circular cooling openings
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Conical muzzle brake with openings to direct propellant gases upwards
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Vehviläinen, Raimo; Lappi, Ahti; Palokangas, Markku (2005),
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Vehviläinen, Raimo; Lappi, Ahti; Palokangas, Markku (2005),
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and has a barrel jacket closely resembling the one in
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104 kg (229 lb) with mount 47 kg weapon only
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during shooting, resulting in poor accuracy. During
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20 mm anti-aircraft gun designed by Aimo Lahti
334:. The weapon was designed by the Finnish gunsmith
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326:was the primary anti-aircraft machine gun of the
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534:Itsenäisen Suomen ilmatorjuntatykit 1917-2000
495:Itsenäisen Suomen ilmatorjuntatykit 1917-2000
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536:, Jyväskylä: Sotamuseo, pp. 210–215,
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324:7,62 mm VKT anti-aircraft machine gun
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563:Jaeger platoon: Antiaircraft machine guns
241:M/31 cone mount M/40 tubular tripod mount
497:, Jyväskylä: Sotamuseo, pp. 85–86,
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305:250-round disintegrating metallic belts
37:7,62 ItKk/31-40 VKT on M/31 cone mount
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386:Technically 7,62 ItKk/31 VKT is a
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160:Specifications (7,62 ItKk/31 VKT)
16:Finnish anti-aircraft machine gun
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286:Effective firing range
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614:World War II anti-aircraft guns
371:kaksoisilmatorjuntakonekivääri
294:Maximum firing range
281:800 m/s (2,600 ft/s)
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297:1,000 m (3,300 ft)
187:72.3 cm (28.5 in)
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289:600 m (2,000 ft)
619:World War II machine guns
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51:Place of origin
46:Anti-aircraft machine gun
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176:113 cm (44 in)
634:7.62Ă—54mmR machine guns
624:Machine guns of Finland
267:Rate of fire
381:Valtion Kivääritehdas
126:Valtion Kivääritehdas
595:at Wikimedia Commons
393:Lahti-Saloranta M/26
277:Muzzle velocity
629:Medium machine guns
404:7,62 ItKk/31-40 VKT
155:7,62 ItKk/31-40 VKT
352:Maxim machine guns
98:Production history
591:Media related to
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443:Continuation War
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320:7,62 ITKK 31 VKT
302:Feed system
232:recoil operation
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88:Continuation War
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332:World War II
328:Finnish Army
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184: length
121:Manufacturer
72:Used by
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144: built
92:Lapland War
603:Categories
475:References
414:Winter War
357:Aimo Lahti
342:Background
336:Aimo Lahti
313:Ring sight
251:-10° - 80°
211:7.62Ă—53mmR
107:Aimo Lahti
84:Winter War
434:New sight
247:Elevation
136:1933–1944
67:1933–1986
462:See also
257:Traverse
238:Carriage
152:Variants
133:Produced
113:Designed
103:Designer
569:31 July
330:during
217:Barrels
75:Finland
54:Finland
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310:Sights
230:Short-
226:Action
182:Barrel
173:Length
206:Shell
124:VKT (
571:2009
538:ISBN
499:ISBN
373:m 31
261:360°
192:Crew
165:Mass
116:1931
80:Wars
43:Type
375:or
322:or
147:507
142:No.
605::
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