480:) to be blessings, and he said, "I'd rather be mad than feel pleasure". However, it is probable that he did not consider all pleasure worthless, but only that which results from the gratification of sensual or artificial desires, for we find him praising the pleasures which spring "from out of one's soul," and the enjoyments of a wisely chosen friendship. The supreme good he placed in a life lived according to virtue — virtue consisting in action, which when obtained is never lost, and exempts the wise person from error. It is closely connected with reason, but to enable it to develop itself in action, and to be sufficient for happiness, it requires the aid of
456:
spirit. And he maintained that virtue is an affair of deeds and does not need a store of words or learning; that the wise man is self-sufficing, for all the goods of others are his; that ill repute is a good thing and much the same as pain; that the wise man will be guided in his public acts not by the established laws but by the law of virtue; that he will also marry in order to have children from union with the handsomest women; furthermore that he will not disdain to love, for only the wise man knows who are worthy to be loved".
38:
540:, since we can only say that every individual is what it is, and can give no more than a description of its qualities, e.g. that silver is like tin in colour. Thus, he disbelieved the Platonic system of Ideas. "A horse I can see," said Antisthenes, "but horsehood I cannot see". Definition is merely a circuitous method of stating an identity: "a tree is a vegetable growth" is logically no more than "a tree is a tree".
6064:
433:
6074:
549:
6084:
787:
1388:
632:. These tales were important to the Stoics for establishing a chain of teaching that ran from Socrates to Zeno. Others argue that the evidence from the coins is weak, and thus Diogenes could have moved to Athens well before 340 BCE. It is also possible that Diogenes visited Athens and Antisthenes before his exile, and returned to Sinope.
455:
Diogenes
Laertius lists the following as the favourite themes of Antisthenes: "He would prove that virtue can be taught; and that nobility belongs to none other than the virtuous. And he held virtue to be sufficient in itself to ensure happiness, since it needed nothing else except the strength of
357:. Filled with enthusiasm for the Socratic idea of virtue, he founded a school of his own in the Cynosarges, where he attracted the poorer classes by the simplicity of his life and teaching. He wore a cloak and carried a staff and a wallet, and this costume became the uniform of his followers.
559:
Antisthenes apparently distinguished "a general object that can be aligned with the meaning of the utterance" from "a particular object of extensional reference". This "suggests that he makes a distinction between sense and reference". The principal basis of this claim is a quotation in
395:, after reading some works by Antisthenes, found his works pleasing and called him "a man more intelligent than learned". He possessed considerable powers of wit and sarcasm, and was fond of playing upon words; saying, for instance, that he would rather fall among crows (
332:
to Athens (about 9 kilometres), and persuaded his friends to accompany him. Eventually he was present at
Socrates' death. He never forgave his master's persecutors, and is said to have been instrumental in procuring their punishment. He survived the
472:, is the end of existence. Everything that the wise person does, Antisthenes said, conforms to perfect virtue, and pleasure is not only unnecessary, but a positive evil. He is reported to have held pain and even ill-repute (
639:
lifestyle, and he developed many of the principles of Cynic philosophy which became an inspiration for
Diogenes and later Cynics. It was said that he had laid the foundations of the city which they afterwards built.
619:
dating from the period 350–340 BCE, believe that
Diogenes only moved to Athens after the death of Antisthenes, and it has been argued that the stories linking Antisthenes to Diogenes were invented by the
1877:
611:, writing a generation later refers several times to Antisthenes and his followers "the Antistheneans", but makes no reference to Cynicism. There are many later tales about the infamous Cynic
363:
says that his works filled ten volumes, but of these, only fragments remain. His favourite style seems to have been dialogues, some of them being vehement attacks on his contemporaries, as on
615:
dogging
Antisthenes' footsteps and becoming his faithful hound, but it is similarly uncertain that the two men ever met. Some scholars, drawing on the discovery of defaced coins from
735:
1870:
971:
3211:
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553:
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supposedly tells us that he died at the age of 70, he was apparently still alive in 366 BCE, and he must have been nearer to 80 years old when he died at Athens,
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4199:
1625:
1477:
Fuentes González, Pedro Pablo (2013). "En defensa del encuentro entre dos Perros, Antístenes y Diógenes: historia de una tensa amistad".
3204:
2245:
1605:
1416:
Long, A. A. (1996), "The
Socratic Tradition: Diogenes, Crates, and Hellenistic Ethics", in Bracht Branham, R.; Goulet-Caze Marie-Odile,
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516:. He also said that God resembles nothing on earth, and therefore could not be understood from any representation.
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923:
I found as pleasing as the others composed by
Antisthenes, he is a man who is sharp rather than learned".
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304:, an opinion probably derived from his sarcastic reply to a man who reviled him as not being a genuine
37:
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47:
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1485:: 225–267 (reprint in: V. Suvák , Antisthenica Cynica Socratica, Praha: Oikoumene, 2014, p. 11–71).
1398:
164:
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1703:
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612:
501:
105:
403:), for the one devour the dead, but the other the living. Two declamations have survived, named
512:, in which he argued that there were many gods believed in by the people, but only one natural
464:
Antisthenes was a pupil of
Socrates, from whom he imbibed the fundamental ethical precept that
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1993:
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1953:
1713:
919:, Book XII, Letter 38, section 2. In English translation: "Books four (δ᾽) and five (ε᾽) of
792:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
629:
548:
328:; so eager was he to hear the words of Socrates that he used to walk daily from the port of
313:
182:
5942:
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1641:
663:"Antisthenes' Portrayal of Socrates" from "Brill's Companion to the Reception of Socrates"
1378:
5799:
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5409:
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2529:
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1938:
1784:
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1374:, Napoli: Bibliopolis, 1990 (fr. tr. Antisthène, Le discours propre, Paris, Vrin, 2005)
625:
485:
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236:
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913:Κῦρος δ᾽, ε᾽ mihi sic placuit ut cetera Antisthenis, hominis acuti magis quam eruditi
798:
793:
688:
616:
43:
5852:
5804:
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5394:
5033:
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4375:
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4036:
3169:
3056:
2869:
2710:
2341:
2191:
432:
353:, a gymnasium for the use of Athenians born of foreign mothers, near the temple of
1494:. A History of Greek Philosophy. Vol. 3. London: Cambridge University Press.
5872:
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4247:
4011:
3388:
3363:
2771:
2610:
1998:
1789:
1688:
946:
1500:
A New
Perspective on Antisthenes: Logos, Predicate and Ethics in his Philosophy
1397:
5809:
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2262:
2235:
2186:
2163:
2070:
2021:
2013:
686:
Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter James; Hartman, James; Setter, Jane, eds. (2006).
533:
388:
364:
350:
141:
129:
264:
before becoming an ardent disciple of
Socrates. He adopted and developed the
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301:
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1738:
1683:
1621:
469:
354:
329:
325:
293:
257:
253:
137:
607:, but it is by no means certain that he would have recognized the term.
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5912:
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5892:
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2369:
2336:
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1794:
1693:
947:"Review of LE. Navia - Antisthenes of Athens: Setting the World Aright"
811:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 146.
728:"A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology — Antisthenes"
636:
624:
in a later period in order to provide a succession linking Socrates to
372:
338:
321:
269:
265:
261:
5947:
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2849:
2761:
2577:
1633:
1232:
Prince 2015, pp. 518–522 (Antisthenes's literary remains: t. 153B.1).
665:. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. p. 124.
621:
465:
392:
309:
305:
273:
133:
65:
945:
Prince, Susan (Dept. of Classics, University of Colorado, Boulder).
5957:
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1600:
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525:
431:
380:
308:
citizen, that the mother of the gods was a Phrygian (referring to
145:
3189:
603:
In later times Antisthenes came to be seen as the founder of the
337:(371 BCE), as he is reported to have compared the victory of the
5962:
5937:
5887:
5374:
5364:
2135:
705:
509:
6002:
5144:
4573:
4077:
3424:
3244:
3193:
1859:
1637:
1479:
Cuadernos de Filología Clásica: Estudios Griegos e Indoeuropeos
42:
Portrait bust of Antisthenes, found at the Villa of Cassius at
536:, he held that definition and predication are either false or
513:
212:
589:
581:
573:
419:
203:
1468:
Branham, R. Bracht; Cazé, Marie-Odile Goulet, eds. (1996).
1412:(Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 1–19.
1380:
A History of Cynicism from Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D.
1071:
1069:
1470:
The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy
1447:
Antisthenes of Athens: Texts, Translations, and Commentary
1418:
The Cynics: The Cynic Movement in Antiquity and Its Legacy
1219:
Antisthenes of Athens: Texts, Translations, and Commentary
391:
even said that Plato stole from him many of his thoughts.
206:
197:
185:
757:"CYBELE (Kybele) - Phrygian Goddess, Mother of the Gods"
16:
Greek philosopher, founder of Cynicism (c.446–c.366 BCE)
436:
Marble bust of Antisthenes based on the same original (
341:
to a set of schoolboys beating their master. Although
215:
209:
200:
188:
1618:, directory of literary references to Ancient Cynics
1517:
The Philosophy of Cynicism An Annotated Bibliography
194:
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2218:
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2154:
2061:
2052:
2012:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1914:
1893:
1767:
1671:
1580:Sayre, Farrand (1948). "Antisthenes the Socratic".
191:
151:
123:
111:
101:
91:
72:
55:
28:
1544:
1502:, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press B.V., 2017
687:
312:, the Anatolian counterpart of the Greek goddess
1005:The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography
982:. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. xii, 176.
980:Antisthenes of Athens: Setting the World Aright
276:. Later writers regarded him as the founder of
3205:
1871:
1649:
1432:Diogenes The Cynic: The War Against The World
8:
970:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
568:'s 'Topics'” with a three-way distinction:
349:365 BCE. He is said to have lectured at the
1472:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1186:
1184:
1032:Judge, Harry George; Blake, Robert (1988).
580:an object external to the semantic medium,
268:side of Socrates' teachings, advocating an
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5717:
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1981:
1972:
1911:
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1656:
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1634:
1571:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
508:) contained a theory of the nature of the
452:Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
36:
25:
1294:
1292:
635:Antisthenes certainly adopted a rigorous
1490:Guthrie, William Keith Chambers (1969).
1372:La filosofia del linguaggio di Antistene
1355:
1275:
1149:
1137:
1112:
1100:
1075:
1060:
932:
881:
834:
780:
778:
776:
714:
690:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
367:in the second of his two works entitled
296:. His mother was thought to have been a
19:For other people named Antisthenes, see
656:
654:
652:
648:
320:(426 BCE), and was a disciple first of
1564:
1282:, viii. 1–4; Aelian, x. 16; Stobaeus,
963:
387:. His style was pure and elegant, and
235:
552:Antisthenes, part of a fresco in the
7:
5613:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1508:Classical Cynicism: A Critical Study
292:446 BCE, the son of Antisthenes, an
1887:Ancient Greek schools of philosophy
1606:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1036:. Oxford University Press. p.
1615:Lives & Writings on the Cynics
1420:. University of California Press.
588:the direct indication of a thing,
528:, Antisthenes was troubled by the
14:
6134:4th-century BC Greek philosophers
6124:5th-century BC Greek philosophers
1405:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers
6082:
6072:
6063:
6062:
1519:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
1510:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
1386:
1370:Brancacci, Aldo. Oikeios logos.
785:
181:
6083:
1547:Sophists, Socratics, and Cynics
1492:The Fifth-Century Enlightenment
1449:. University of Michigan Press.
1408:. Vol. 2:6. Translated by
1399:"The Cynics: Antisthenes"
1278:, § 6, 18, 21; Dio Chrysostom,
1221:. University of Michigan Press.
738:from the original on 2021-05-31
628:via Antisthenes, Diogenes, and
411:, which are purely rhetorical.
150:
79:366 BCE (aged approximately 80)
694:(17th ed.). Cambridge UP.
445:According to Diogenes Laertius
272:life lived in accordance with
1:
6164:Ancient Athenian philosophers
3684:
3671:
3652:
3635:
554:National University of Athens
346:
316:). In his youth he fought at
289:
245:
241:
76:
59:
6159:Classical Greek philosophers
4812:Funeral and burial practices
3997:Military of Mycenaean Greece
256:. Antisthenes first learned
21:Antisthenes (disambiguation)
1835:Maximus I of Constantinople
1528:. Amsterdam: A.M. Hakkert.
414:Antisthenes's nickname was
6180:
4736:Greek Revival architecture
1377:Dudley, Donald R. (1937),
951:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
872:Diodorus Siculus, xv. 76.4
599:Antisthenes and the Cynics
590:
582:
574:
420:
228:
157:Laying the foundations of
18:
6058:
6009:
5998:
5159:
5140:
4904:
4807:
4593:
4569:
4144:Attalid kings of Pergamon
4090:
4086:
4073:
3952:Antigonid Macedonian army
3784:
3449:
3420:
3264:
3240:
3227:
1003:Magill, Frank N. (2003).
489:
477:
237:[an.tis.tʰén.ε:s]
170:
87:
35:
6129:4th-century BC Athenians
6119:5th-century BC Athenians
2726:Alexander of Aphrodisias
562:Alexander of Aphrodisias
96:Ancient Greek philosophy
6139:Ancient Greek ethicists
2835:Lucius Annaeus Cornutus
2568:Thrasymachus of Corinth
2246:Metrodorus of Lampsacus
1709:Anaximenes of Lampsacus
1526:Anthisthenes Sokratikos
1515:Navia, Luis E. (1995).
1506:Navia, Luis E. (1996).
1430:Luis E. Navia, (2005).
1174:Clement of Alexandria,
978:Navia, Luis E. (2001).
808:Encyclopædia Britannica
343:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
4178:Artists & scholars
4093:List of ancient Greeks
3730:Second Athenian League
3579:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3404:Ancient Greek colonies
2492:Aristippus the Younger
1551:. London: Croom Helm.
1543:Rankin, H. D. (1983).
1524:Rankin, H. D. (1986).
1445:Prince, Susan (2015).
1307:Dudley 1937, pages 2-4
1217:Prince, Susan (2015).
556:
544:Philosophy of language
441:
424:, Diog. Laert. 6.13)
5297:Sybaris on the Traeis
4022:Sacred Band of Thebes
3762:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
3276:Cycladic civilization
2969:Eudorus of Alexandria
2540:Asclepiades of Phlius
2497:Theodorus the Atheist
1582:The Classical Journal
1007:. Routledge. p.
902:Athenaeus, xi. 508c-d
732:www.perseus.tufts.edu
661:Luz, Menahem (2019).
572:the semantic medium,
551:
530:problem of universals
435:
288:Antisthenes was born
244:446 –
4822:mythological figures
4543:Ancient Greek tribes
3668:Peloponnesian League
2903:Diogenes of Oenoanda
917:Epistulae ad Atticum
893:Athenaeus, v. 220c-e
300:, though some say a
163:Distinction between
48:Museo Pio-Clementino
4934:Tunnel of Eupalinos
4929:Theatre of Dionysus
4553:Ancient Macedonians
4169:Tyrants of Syracuse
3681:Amphictyonic League
3281:Minoan civilization
3027:Apollonius of Tyana
2974:Philo of Alexandria
2777:Agrippa the Skeptic
2716:Strato of Lampsacus
1152:, § 11–12, 104–105.
399:) than flatterers (
165:sense and reference
6154:Pupils of Socrates
6149:Cynic philosophers
5608:Menestheus's Limin
5262:Pandosia (Lucania)
5150:Greek colonisation
4512:Athenian statesmen
4273:Diogenes of Sinope
4134:Kings of Macedonia
4124:Kings of Commagene
3992:Macedonian phalanx
3972:Hellenistic armies
3720:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
3584:Indo-Greek Kingdom
3306:Hellenistic Greece
3102:Plutarch of Athens
3042:Numenius of Apamea
3032:Moderatus of Gades
2502:Hegesias of Cyrene
1800:Peregrinus Proteus
1704:Hegesias of Sinope
1665:Cynic philosophers
1434:. Humanity Books.
1410:Hicks, Robert Drew
1394:Laërtius, Diogenes
1331:Diogenes the Cynic
1318:Diogenes the Cynic
1298:Long 1996, page 45
1266:Long 1996, page 32
613:Diogenes of Sinope
557:
502:natural philosophy
442:
416:The (Absolute) Dog
106:Western philosophy
6096:
6095:
6054:
6053:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5560:Iberian Peninsula
5492:Lipara/Meligounis
5458:
5457:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5109:Cypriot syllabary
5000:
4999:
4909:Athenian Treasury
4893:
4892:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4154:Ptolemaic dynasty
4114:Archons of Athens
4069:
4068:
4065:
4064:
3940:Athenian military
3921:
3920:
3754:League of Corinth
3736:Thessalian League
3712:Chalcidian League
3694:Acarnanian League
3604:Ptolemaic Kingdom
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3150:Nicetes of Smyrna
2739:
2738:
2654:
2653:
2616:Apollonius Cronus
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2281:
2280:
2205:
2204:
2126:Metrodorus of Cos
2048:
2047:
2035:
2034:
1962:
1961:
1853:
1852:
1456:978-0-472-11934-9
1333:, pages 34, 112-3
1047:978-0-19-869135-8
1018:978-1-135-45740-2
672:978-90-04-39674-6
482:Socratic strength
361:Diogenes Laërtius
335:Battle of Leuctra
250:Greek philosopher
174:
173:
6171:
6086:
6085:
6076:
6066:
6065:
6000:
5718:
5217:Heraclea Lucania
5170:
5161:
5142:
4902:
4834:Twelve Olympians
4805:
4595:
4571:
4159:Seleucid dynasty
4139:Kings of Paionia
4088:
4075:
3945:Scythian archers
3852:Graphe paranomon
3782:
3689:
3686:
3676:
3673:
3657:
3654:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3451:
3422:
3301:Classical Greece
3286:Mycenaean Greece
3266:
3242:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3191:
3142:Second Sophistic
3117:Ammonius Hermiae
3022:Nigidius Figulus
2936:Philo of Larissa
2918:Academic Skeptic
2782:Sextus Empiricus
2750:
2599:
2558:Euclid of Megara
2437:
2315:
2225:
2059:
2050:
1982:
1973:
1912:
1894:Proto-philosophy
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1635:
1610:
1589:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1550:
1539:
1520:
1511:
1495:
1486:
1473:
1450:
1413:
1401:
1390:
1389:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1163:De Natura Deorum
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1000:
994:
993:
975:
969:
961:
959:
957:
942:
936:
930:
924:
909:
903:
900:
894:
891:
885:
879:
873:
870:
864:
857:
851:
844:
838:
832:
826:
819:
813:
812:
791:
789:
788:
782:
771:
770:
768:
767:
753:
747:
746:
744:
743:
724:
718:
702:
696:
695:
693:
683:
677:
676:
658:
593:
592:
591:σημαίνειν … τὸ …
585:
584:
583:περὶ οὗ λέγουσιν
577:
576:
491:
479:
423:
422:
348:
291:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
222:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
78:
61:
40:
26:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6050:
6005:
5982:
5845:
5839:
5722:
5713:
5705:
5676:Melaina Korkyra
5632:
5554:
5511:
5464:Aeolian Islands
5454:
5316:
5174:
5155:
5154:
5128:
5085:
4996:
4938:
4889:
4843:
4794:
4716:
4707:Wedding customs
4589:
4588:
4557:
4548:Thracian Greeks
4531:
4522:Olympic victors
4500:
4342:
4229:
4173:
4164:Kings of Sparta
4149:Kings of Pontus
4119:Kings of Athens
4095:
4082:
4061:
3957:Army of Macedon
3917:
3894:
3866:
3823:
3771:
3744:(370–c. 230 BC)
3742:Arcadian League
3726:(c. 400–188 BC)
3724:Aetolian League
3718:Boeotian League
3700:Hellenic League
3687:
3674:
3664:(c. 650–404 BC)
3655:
3649:Italiote League
3642:
3638:
3632:Doric Hexapolis
3622:
3613:
3609:Seleucid Empire
3552:
3445:
3444:
3408:
3315:
3291:Greek Dark Ages
3260:
3259:
3236:
3223:
3218:
3188:
3179:
3136:
3065:Ammonius Saccas
3051:
3008:
2956:Middle Platonic
2950:
2912:
2864:
2855:Marcus Aurelius
2791:
2767:Timon of Phlius
2735:
2705:Aristotelianism
2687:
2650:
2631:Diodorus Cronus
2597:
2544:
2516:
2473:
2435:
2399:
2356:
2304:
2277:
2249:
2214:
2201:
2173:
2150:
2044:
2031:
2008:
1958:
1910:
1889:
1884:
1854:
1849:
1763:
1667:
1662:
1599:
1596:
1579:
1563:
1559:
1542:
1536:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1489:
1476:
1467:
1464:
1462:Further reading
1444:
1392:
1387:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1048:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1002:
1001:
997:
990:
977:
962:
955:
953:
944:
943:
939:
931:
927:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
880:
876:
871:
867:
858:
854:
845:
841:
833:
829:
820:
816:
801:, ed. (1911). "
797:
786:
784:
783:
774:
765:
763:
755:
754:
750:
741:
739:
726:
725:
721:
703:
699:
685:
684:
680:
673:
660:
659:
650:
646:
601:
564:' “Comments on
546:
522:
498:
490:Σωκρατικὴ ἱσχύς
462:
447:
430:
286:
252:and a pupil of
248:366 BCE) was a
232:
184:
180:
162:
154:
126:
83:
80:
68:
63:
51:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6177:
6175:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6114:360s BC deaths
6111:
6109:440s BC births
6101:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6080:
6070:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6003:
5996:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5988:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5715:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5642:
5640:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5410:Megara Hyblaea
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5390:Hybla Gereatis
5387:
5382:
5380:Heraclea Minoa
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5167:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5124:Attic numerals
5121:
5119:Greek numerals
5116:
5114:Greek alphabet
5111:
5106:
5101:
5095:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4905:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4768:Musical system
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4727:
4725:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4200:Mathematicians
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Kings of Argos
4105:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Cretan archers
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3766:Achaean League
3763:
3760:Euboean League
3757:
3751:
3748:Epirote League
3745:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3696:(c. 500–31 BC)
3691:
3678:
3665:
3659:
3646:
3628:
3626:
3624:Confederations
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3548:Lissus (Crete)
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
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3293:
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3221:Ancient Greece
3219:
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3194:
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3155:Dio Chrysostom
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3014:Neopythagorean
3010:
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2805:Zeno of Citium
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1594:External links
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1498:Meijer P. A.,
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575:δι' ὧν λέγουσι
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532:. As a proper
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438:British Museum
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324:, and then of
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125:Main interests
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5588:Hemeroscopion
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5165:Magna Graecia
5162:
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5039:Arcadocypriot
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5017:
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4992:Zeus, Olympia
4990:
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4977:Hera, Olympia
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4880:Mount Olympus
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4848:Sacred places
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4672:Olympic Games
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4662:Homosexuality
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4032:Seleucid army
4030:
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4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
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3990:
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3710:
3707:
3706:Delian League
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3682:
3679:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3662:Ionian League
3660:
3650:
3647:
3643: 560 BC
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
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3610:
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3600:
3597:
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3423:
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3405:
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3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3384:Magna Graecia
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
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3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
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2603:Dialecticians
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2198:
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2167:
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2159:
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1601:"Antisthenes"
1598:
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1558:9780389204213
1554:
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1535:90-256-0896-5
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1440:1-59102-320-3
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1057:
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1034:World history
1028:
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989:0-313-31672-4
985:
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933:Laërtius 1925
929:
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882:Laërtius 1925
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835:Laërtius 1925
831:
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815:
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804:
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795:
794:public domain
781:
779:
777:
773:
762:
761:www.theoi.com
758:
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225:Ancient Greek
220:
178:
169:
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156:
153:Notable ideas
147:
143:
139:
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131:
128:
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119:
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114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
97:
94:
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71:
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58:
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49:
45:
44:Tivoli, Lazio
39:
34:
27:
22:
5883:Dionysopolis
5853:Abonoteichos
5805:Pantikapaion
5395:Hybla Heraea
4731:Architecture
4687:Prostitution
4376:Aristophanes
4257:
4235:Philosophers
4205:Philosophers
4037:Spartan army
3768:(280–146 BC)
3756:(338–322 BC)
3750:(370–168 BC)
3738:(374–196 BC)
3732:(378–355 BC)
3714:(430–348 BC)
3708:(478–404 BC)
3702:(499–449 BC)
3389:Peloponnesus
3311:Roman Greece
3170:Philostratus
3057:Neoplatonist
2711:Theophrastus
2448:
2385:Dionysodorus
2342:Thrasymachus
1968:Pre-Socratic
1678:
1626:
1614:
1604:
1585:
1581:
1546:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1446:
1431:
1417:
1403:
1379:
1371:
1351:
1346:, iv. 34–44.
1343:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1312:
1303:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1228:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1203:Simplicius,
1199:
1191:
1175:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1056:
1033:
1027:
1004:
998:
979:
966:cite journal
954:. Retrieved
950:
940:
928:
920:
916:
912:
907:
898:
889:
877:
868:
860:
855:
847:
842:
830:
822:
817:
806:
764:. Retrieved
760:
751:
740:. Retrieved
731:
722:
710:
704:
700:
689:
681:
662:
634:
602:
558:
538:tautological
523:
505:
500:His work on
499:
481:
463:
450:
448:
415:
413:
408:
404:
400:
396:
384:
376:
368:
359:
287:
280:philosophy.
176:
175:
6031:Place names
5943:Salmydessus
5765:Kalos Limen
5745:Chersonesus
5735:Borysthenes
5440:Tauromenion
5252:Metapontion
5014:Proto-Greek
4967:Erechtheion
4962:Athena Nike
4924:Philippeion
4753:Mathematics
4724:and science
4607:Agriculture
4471:Stesichorus
4381:Bacchylides
4371:Archilochus
4258:Antisthenes
4248:Anaximander
4220:Seven Sages
4210:Playwrights
4190:Geographers
4185:Astronomers
4012:Pezhetairos
3639: 1100
3619:Federations
3518:Megalopolis
3455:City states
3430:City states
2772:Aenesidemus
2745:Hellenistic
2693:Peripatetic
2611:Clinomachus
2449:Antisthenes
2063:Pythagorean
2014:Heraclitean
1999:Anaximander
1916:Seven Sages
1830:Asclepiades
1790:Agathobulus
1689:Onesicritus
1679:Antisthenes
1383:. Cambridge
1284:Florilegium
1245:, 1024b26;
1243:Metaphysics
1241:Aristotle,
1192:Metaphysics
1190:Aristotle,
915:". Cicero,
803:Antisthenes
711:Antisthenes
177:Antisthenes
30:Antisthenes
6103:Categories
5933:Polemonion
5810:Phanagoria
5780:Kimmerikon
5775:Kerkinitis
5760:Hermonassa
5750:Dioscurias
5646:Aspalathos
5593:Kalathousa
5568:Akra Leuke
5497:Phoenicusa
5282:Scylletium
5267:Poseidonia
5187:Brentesion
5074:Pamphylian
5069:Macedonian
4987:Samothrace
4972:Hephaestus
4919:Long Walls
4898:Structures
4839:Underworld
4785:Technology
4748:Literature
4682:Philosophy
4647:Euergetism
4536:By culture
4481:Thucydides
4323:Pythagoras
4318:Protagoras
4308:Parmenides
4293:Heraclitus
4278:Empedocles
4268:Democritus
4253:Anaximenes
4243:Anaxagoras
4195:Historians
3688: 595
3675: 550
3656: 800
3641: – c.
3569:Cappadocia
3374:Ionian Sea
3364:Hellespont
3329:Aegean Sea
3127:Simplicius
3092:Iamblichus
3037:Nicomachus
2926:Arcesilaus
2893:Philodemus
2883:Metrodorus
2825:Posidonius
2815:Chrysippus
2754:Pyrrhonist
2678:Xenocrates
2673:Speusippus
2646:Panthoides
2487:Aristippus
2390:Euthydemus
2327:Protagoras
2300:Democritus
2263:Empedocles
2236:Anaxagoras
2187:Parmenides
2164:Xenophanes
2121:Hermotimus
2071:Pythagoras
2022:Heraclitus
2004:Anaximenes
1906:Pherecydes
1901:Epimenides
1845:Sallustius
1719:Hipparchia
1588:: 237–244.
1365:References
1342:Xenophon,
1320:, page 100
1253:, 104b21;
1249:, 1407a9;
1124:Xenophon,
846:Plutarch,
766:2021-08-10
742:2021-08-10
534:nominalist
428:Philosophy
389:Theopompus
365:Alcibiades
351:Cynosarges
233:pronounced
229:Ἀντισθένης
161:philosophy
142:literature
130:Asceticism
6019:in Epirus
5968:Trapezous
5913:Mesambria
5898:Eupatoria
5868:Apollonia
5863:Anchialos
5825:Theodosia
5795:Nymphaion
5785:Myrmekion
5755:Gorgippia
5711:Black Sea
5696:Tragurion
5681:Nymphaion
5666:Epidauros
5661:Epidamnos
5651:Apollonia
5628:Zacynthos
5550:Ptolemais
5544:Apollonia
5517:Cyrenaica
5507:Therassía
5502:Strongyle
5482:Ereikousa
5405:Leontinoi
5345:Apollonia
5222:Hipponion
5019:Mycenaean
4982:Parthenon
4914:Lion Gate
4817:Mythology
4780:Sculpture
4743:Astronomy
4677:Pederasty
4652:Festivals
4637:Education
4517:Lawgivers
4486:Timocreon
4466:Sophocles
4461:Simonides
4436:Philocles
4431:Panyassis
4426:Mimnermus
4391:Herodotus
4386:Euripides
4356:Aeschylus
4303:Leucippus
4263:Aristotle
4042:Strategos
3908:Synedrion
3862:Ostracism
3842:Areopagus
3794:Free city
3589:Macedonia
3473:Byzantion
3379:Macedonia
3344:Cyrenaica
3321:Geography
3255:Geography
3160:Favorinus
3122:Damascius
2964:Antiochus
2931:Carneades
2898:Lucretius
2870:Epicurean
2845:Epictetus
2820:Panaetius
2810:Cleanthes
2701:Aristotle
2626:Dionysius
2621:Euphantus
2573:Eubulides
2535:Menedemus
2507:Anniceris
2413:Classical
2380:Lycophron
2375:Callicles
2295:Leucippus
2273:Pausanias
2241:Archelaus
2220:Pluralist
2116:Calliphon
2101:Brontinus
2081:Philolaus
1949:Cleobulus
1944:Periander
1825:Heraclius
1815:Pancrates
1805:Theagenes
1780:Demetrius
1768:Roman era
1744:Menedemus
1729:Cleomenes
1724:Metrocles
1699:Philiscus
1672:Greek era
1629:, Book IV
1627:Symposium
1567:cite book
1344:Symposium
1257:, 1284a15
1194:, 1043b24
1128:, iv. 41.
1126:Symposium
1103:, § 3, 7.
861:Violarium
859:Eudocia,
609:Aristotle
566:Aristotle
377:Archelaus
6144:Ascetics
6068:Category
6046:Theatres
5973:Tripolis
5908:Kerasous
5903:Heraclea
5835:Tyritake
5790:Nikonion
5701:Thronion
5623:Salauris
5578:Emporion
5535:Berenice
5525:Balagrae
5477:Euonymos
5450:Tyndaris
5435:Syracuse
5430:Selinous
5400:Kamarina
5355:Casmenae
5340:Akrillai
5257:Neápolis
5192:Caulonia
5173:Mainland
5104:Linear B
5099:Linear A
5029:Dialects
5006:Language
4800:Religion
4758:Medicine
4692:Religion
4657:Folklore
4642:Emporium
4617:Clothing
4612:Calendar
4496:Xenophon
4491:Tyrtaeus
4476:Theognis
4451:Polybius
4446:Plutarch
4421:Menander
4401:Hipponax
4328:Socrates
4283:Epicurus
4129:Diadochi
4027:Sciritae
3987:Hetairoi
3962:Ballista
3927:Military
3890:Gerousia
3880:Ekklesia
3847:Ecclesia
3829:Athenian
3777:Politics
3690:–279 BC)
3677:–366 BC)
3658:–389 BC)
3594:Pergamon
3564:Bithynia
3557:Kingdoms
3498:Pergamon
3440:Military
3435:Politics
3232:Timeline
3107:Syrianus
3087:Porphyry
3075:students
3070:Plotinus
2994:Alcinous
2989:Apuleius
2979:Plutarch
2878:Epicurus
2660:Platonic
2641:Alexinus
2588:Pasicles
2583:Nicarete
2563:Ichthyas
2550:Megarian
2522:Eretrian
2479:Cyrenaic
2464:Menippus
2454:Diogenes
2431:Xenophon
2425:students
2421:Socrates
2332:Prodicus
2197:Melissus
2169:Xeniades
2131:Arignote
2096:Alcmaeon
2091:Lamiskos
2086:Archytas
2076:Hippasus
2040:Diogenes
2027:Cratylus
1986:Milesian
1934:Pittacus
1820:Crescens
1810:Oenomaus
1775:Favonius
1759:Meleager
1749:Cercidas
1739:Menippus
1684:Diogenes
1622:Xenophon
1396:(1925).
1280:Orations
1255:Politics
1247:Rhetoric
1176:Stromata
1165:, i. 13.
1161:Cicero,
1091:, 6.181b
1087:Julian,
956:6 August
848:Lycurgus
736:Archived
506:Physicus
470:pleasure
421:ἁπλοκύων
409:Odysseus
355:Heracles
330:Peiraeus
326:Socrates
306:Athenian
302:Phrygian
298:Thracian
294:Athenian
258:rhetoric
254:Socrates
138:language
118:Cynicism
46:, 1774 (
6088:Outline
6041:Temples
5978:Zaliche
5958:Thèrmae
5948:Sesamus
5918:Odessos
5893:Cytorus
5888:Cotyora
5638:Illyria
5603:Mainake
5598:Kypsela
5487:Hycesia
5445:Thermae
5425:Segesta
5415:Messana
5370:Helorus
5350:Calacte
5330:Akragas
5292:Sybaris
5277:Rhegion
5232:Krimisa
5182:Alision
5091:Writing
5064:Locrian
5054:Epirote
5024:Homeric
4957:Artemis
4944:Temples
4885:Olympia
4855:Eleusis
4790:Theatre
4775:Pottery
4702:Warfare
4697:Slavery
4632:Economy
4627:Cuisine
4622:Coinage
4599:Society
4584:Culture
4579:Society
4527:Tyrants
4366:Alcaeus
4348:Authors
4298:Hypatia
4288:Gorgias
4225:Writers
4047:Toxotai
4017:Sarissa
4007:Peltast
4002:Phalanx
3982:Hoplite
3977:Hippeis
3900:Macedon
3872:Spartan
3857:Heliaia
3804:Proxeny
3513:Larissa
3508:Kerkyra
3503:Eretria
3493:Miletus
3488:Ephesus
3483:Corinth
3478:Chalcis
3399:Taurica
3269:Periods
3250:History
3175:more...
3132:more...
3112:Proclus
3047:more...
3004:more...
2946:more...
2908:more...
2860:more...
2787:more...
2731:more...
2683:more...
2512:more...
2469:more...
2395:more...
2370:Gorgias
2362:Italian
2352:more...
2337:Hippias
2310:Sophist
2287:Atomist
2255:Italian
2179:Eleatic
2156:Skeptic
2146:more...
2141:Eurytus
2054:Italian
1795:Demonax
1694:Monimus
1358:, § 15.
1329:Navia,
1316:Navia,
1286:, 13.19
1207:208, 28
1140:, § 12.
1089:Oration
1078:, § 11.
1063:, § 10.
884:, § 13.
821:Plato,
796::
637:ascetic
496:Physics
449:In his
401:kolakes
397:korakes
383:in his
379:and on
375:in his
373:Gorgias
339:Thebans
322:Gorgias
318:Tanagra
270:ascetic
266:ethical
262:Gorgias
62:446 BCE
6078:Portal
6026:People
6014:Cities
5953:Sinope
5938:Rhizos
5928:Phasis
5878:Bathus
5873:Athina
5858:Amisos
5820:Tanais
5815:Pityus
5740:Charax
5691:Pharos
5686:Orikon
5583:Helike
5573:Alonis
5540:Cyrene
5472:Didyme
5385:Himera
5360:Catana
5322:Sicily
5312:Thurii
5307:Terina
5272:Pixous
5227:Hydrus
5202:Croton
5034:Aeolic
4952:Aphaea
4875:Dodona
4860:Delphi
4829:Temple
4505:Others
4456:Sappho
4441:Pindar
4416:Lucian
4411:Ibycus
4396:Hesiod
4333:Thales
4101:Rulers
4080:People
4057:Xyston
4052:Xiphos
3913:Koinon
3819:Tyrant
3809:Stasis
3799:Koinon
3599:Pontus
3574:Epirus
3543:Sparta
3533:Rhodes
3528:Megara
3523:Thebes
3468:Athens
3394:Pontus
3359:Epirus
3349:Cyprus
3334:Aeolis
3165:Lucian
3097:Julian
3082:Origen
2941:Cicero
2850:Arrian
2830:Seneca
2762:Pyrrho
2593:Bryson
2578:Stilpo
2459:Crates
2319:Ionian
2229:Ionian
2106:Theano
1994:Thales
1977:Ionian
1954:Chilon
1924:Thales
1714:Crates
1555:
1532:
1454:
1438:
1424:
1391:
1251:Topics
1115:, § 3.
1044:
1015:
986:
935:, § 4.
837:, § 9.
825:, 59b.
823:Phaedo
790:
717:, § 1.
669:
630:Crates
622:Stoics
617:Sinope
605:Cynics
478:ἀδοξία
468:, not
466:virtue
460:Ethics
393:Cicero
310:Cybele
274:virtue
260:under
134:ethics
113:School
102:Region
82:Athens
66:Athens
6036:Stoae
6004:Lists
5923:Oinòe
5846:coast
5844:South
5830:Tyras
5800:Olbia
5770:Kepoi
5723:coast
5721:North
5714:basin
5656:Aulon
5618:Rhode
5530:Barca
5420:Naxos
5375:Henna
5335:Akrai
5302:Taras
5287:Siris
5247:Medma
5242:Locri
5207:Cumae
5197:Chone
5175:Italy
5081:Koine
5059:Ionic
5049:Doric
5044:Attic
4865:Delos
4763:Music
4406:Homer
4361:Aesop
4313:Plato
4215:Poets
3885:Ephor
3837:Agora
3814:Tagus
3789:Boule
3538:Samos
3463:Argos
3369:Ionia
3354:Doris
3339:Crete
2999:Galen
2984:Gaius
2797:Stoic
2668:Plato
2636:Philo
2441:Cynic
2347:Damon
2268:Acron
2210:Hippo
1929:Solon
1840:Horus
1754:Teles
1223:p. 20
921:Cyrus
850:, 30.
644:Notes
526:logic
520:Logic
504:(the
486:Greek
474:Greek
385:Satho
381:Plato
371:, on
369:Cyrus
278:Cynic
159:Cynic
146:logic
5963:Tium
5730:Akra
5671:Issa
5365:Gela
5237:Laüs
5212:Elea
4870:Dion
4722:Arts
4712:Wine
4338:Zeno
3935:Wars
2192:Zeno
2136:Myia
2111:Damo
1939:Bias
1734:Bion
1573:link
1553:ISBN
1530:ISBN
1452:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1422:ISBN
1178:, v.
1042:ISBN
1013:ISBN
984:ISBN
972:link
958:2017
863:, 96
706:Suda
667:ISBN
626:Zeno
510:gods
407:and
405:Ajax
314:Rhea
284:Life
73:Died
56:Born
4667:Law
1038:104
805:".
713:.;
524:In
514:God
492:).
92:Era
6105::
3685:c.
3672:c.
3653:c.
3636:c.
1624:,
1603:.
1586:43
1584:.
1569:}}
1565:{{
1483:23
1481:.
1402:.
1291:^
1183:^
1068:^
1040:.
1011:.
1009:89
976:—
968:}}
964:{{
949:.
775:^
759:.
734:.
730:.
709:,
651:^
488::
476::
440:)
347:c.
290:c.
246:c.
242:c.
240:;
231:,
227::
223:;
213:iː
144:,
140:,
136:,
132:,
77:c.
60:c.
5546:)
5542:(
3683:(
3670:(
3651:(
3645:)
3634:(
3621:/
3213:e
3206:t
3199:v
2707:)
2703:(
2427:)
2423:(
1879:e
1872:t
1865:v
1657:e
1650:t
1643:v
1609:.
1575:)
1561:.
1538:.
1050:.
1021:.
992:.
974:)
960:.
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769:.
745:.
675:.
594:}
484:(
418:(
219:/
216:z
210:n
207:ɪ
204:θ
201:s
198:ɪ
195:t
192:ˈ
189:n
186:æ
183:/
179:(
50:)
23:.
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