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67:. This procedure involves injecting an animal with a safe amount of a particular toxin. The animal's body then makes the antitoxin needed to neutralize the toxin. Later, blood is withdrawn from the animal. When the antitoxin is obtained from the blood, it is purified and injected into a human or other animal, inducing temporary
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in response to toxin exposure. Although they are most effective in neutralizing toxins, they can also kill bacteria and other microorganisms. Antitoxins are made within organisms, and can be injected into other organisms, including humans, to treat an
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Early 1887, in Bonn, Behring had found that the serum of tetanus-immune white rats contained a substance that neutralized anthrax bacilli. He recognized this as the source of their "resistance". On 4 December 1890, Behring and
139:. On 11 December, another report, signed by Behring, discussed blood-serum therapy not only in the treatment of tetanus, but also in diphtheria.
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In 1888, Behring was sent to Berlin for a brief service at the
Academy for Military Medicine. In 1889, he joined the Institute for Hygiene of the
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75:, it is often best to use an antitoxin obtained from the same species (e.g. use human antitoxin to treat humans).
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Most antitoxin preparations are prepared from donors with high titers of antibody against the toxin, making them
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for scarlet fever was developed in 1924, simultaneously by
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Dolman, C.E. (1973). "Landmarks and pioneers in the control of diphtheria".
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Antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin
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Passive immunity § FDA licensed immunoglobulins
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358:"Results of the use of scarlet fever antitoxin"
332:"Emil von Behring Facts, information, pictures"
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453:Shiel, William C. Jr. (4 December 2018).
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19:For bacterially-produced antitoxins, see
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146:demonstrated in 1891 that even
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356:Cushing, H.B. (August 1926).
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169:21st-century serum therapy
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486:Medical Subject Headings
455:"Medical definition of
30:A vintage 1895 vial of
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224:Toxin-antitoxin system
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100:Emil Adolf von Behring
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21:toxin-antitoxin system
163:George Frederick Dick
80:hyperimmune globulins
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336:www.encyclopedia.com
179:Hyperimmune globulin
133:Kitasato ShibasaburÅ
117:University of Berlin
104:diphtheria antitoxin
86:History of antitoxin
137:blood-serum therapy
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229:Vaccination
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507:Immunology
496:Categories
482:Antitoxins
473:22 January
245:References
173:See also:
109:The Lancet
92:diphtheria
34:antitoxin.
32:diphtheria
457:antitoxin
239:Antiserum
155:antitoxin
40:antitoxin
437:18011363
384:20315893
218:See also
60:bacteria
44:antibody
428:1355058
375:1709338
311:4581249
283:5050965
52:animals
488:(MeSH)
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403:toxin"
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262:Lancet
177:, and
159:Gladys
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56:plants
42:is an
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475:2007
433:PMID
380:PMID
343:2016
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161:and
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