849:. It has a total area of 173 km (66.7 sq mi) (of which 163 km or 62.8 sq mi are classed as "productive", forests covering 33 km (12.8 sq mi) and glaciers 0.98 km (0.38 sq mi)). Its population is almost entirely German-speaking, and predominantly Catholic. Its political capital is Appenzell, which is also the largest village, while Weissbad (near it) and Gonten are the best-known goats' whey cure resorts. Embroidery and muslins are made in this half-canton, though wholly at home by the work-people. But it is very largely pastoral. Inner Rhoden is extremely conservative, and has the reputation of always rejecting any federal
677:
opposition to St. Gallen was demonstrated in the so-called linen affairs (1535–42, 1579), where the weavers throughout
Appenzell supported each other when they felt that they were unfairly treated by the linen industry of St. Gallen. Nonetheless, divisions over matters of religion and foreign policy, especially with regards to alliances between Catholic and Protestant cantons and the foreign powers of Spain and France, respectively, led to the peaceful partition of the canton in 1597. The terms of partition were arbitrated by representatives of both Catholic cantons (Luzern, Schwyz, Nidwalden) and Protestant cantons (Zürich, Glarus, Schaffhausen).
665:
The entire
Ausserrhoden converted to the Reformation in 1529, with the exception of Herisau, whose Catholic priest, Joseph Forrer, convinced the town to remain with the old faith for the time being, whereas the Innerrhoden remained with the old faith, with the exception of Gais. While the majority of the residents of Appenzell town remained Catholic under Pastor Diepolt Huter, there was a strong Reformed minority. In 1531, the minority were nearly successful in getting the town to ally with the Protestant Ausserrhoden. But an armed mob of angry residents from the neighboring village of Gonten prevented the abolition of the
170:
182:
531:
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and drove them out of the land. Following unsuccessful negotiations, Appenzell and St. Gallen entered into a treaty. The treaty between St. Gallen and
Appenzell marked a break between the abbot and his estates. Perhaps fearing the Habsburgs, in 1402 the League expelled Appenzell. During the same year, St. Gallen reached an agreement with the abbot and Appenzell could no longer count on St. Gallen's support. Appenzell declared itself ready to stand against the abbot, and in 1403 formed an alliance with the
346:
332:
887:
721:
1847:
612:), which strengthened their position against the abbot. Appenzell joined the Confederation as an "Associate Member", and would not become a full member until 1513. Following another battle, in 1429, Appenzell was granted freedom from the obligations in the future. This treaty represented the end of Appenzell's last financial tie to the Abbey of St. Gall, and a movement to closer relationships with the Confederation.
307:
925:
1120:
51:
454:
941:, or democratic assemblies held in the open air, in which every male and female citizen (not being disqualified) over twenty years of age must (under a financial penalty) appear personally: each half-canton has such an assembly of its own, that of Inner Rhoden always meeting at Appenzell, and that of Ausser Rhoden in the odd years at
853:. For similar reasons it has preserved many old customs and costumes, those of the women being very elaborate and picturesque, while the herdsmen have retained their festival attire of red waistcoats, embroidered braces and canary-coloured shorts. Appenzell's annual New Year's Day festivities are still governed by the
976:; in each half-canton there is also a sort of standing committee (composed of the members of the executive and representatives from the communes—in Inner Rhoden one member per 250 or fraction over 125 of the population, and in Ausser Rhoden one member per 1000 of the inhabitants) which prepares business for the
664:
To end the confrontation between the old and new faiths, the
Landesgemeinde decided in April 1525, that each parish should choose a faith, but that the principle of free movement would be supported, so that the religious minority could attend the church of their choice regardless of where they lived.
538:
Following increasing conflicts between the
Appenzellers and the abbot's agents, including the bailiff of Appenzell demanding that a dead body be dug up because he wanted the man's clothes, the Appenzellers planned an uprising. On a certain day, throughout the abbot's lands, they attacked the bailiffs
1283:
put his hand to the plough of the
Reformation. Although he filled the office of burgomaster he did not disdain to lecture to his townsmen on the Acts of the Apostles that he might exhibit to them the model of the primitive Church in simplicity and uncorruptedness how different from the pattern of
808:
has a total area of 242 km (93.6 sq mi), of which 235 km (90.6 sq mi) are classed as "productive"; forests cover 58 km (22.5 sq mi) and glaciers 0.098 km (0.038 sq mi), and its population is mainly German-speaking and
Protestant. Its
676:
After the Second War of Kappel, the two religions reached a generally peaceful parity. They remained united by common business interests, the same political and legal understanding, a shared desire to form an alliance with France and a shared opposition to the city of St. Gallen. This shared
825:
in the north-east corner is the most frequented of the many goats' whey cure resorts for which the entire canton is famous (Urnäsch and Gais are also in Ausser Rhoden). This half-canton is divided into three administrative districts, comprising twenty communes, and is mainly industrial, the
508:(the city of St. Gallen was often at odds with the neighboring Abbey of St. Gall). With the support of the League, Appenzell refused to pay many of the gifts and tithes that the Abbot Kuno von Stoffeln demanded. In response to the loss of revenue from his estates, Kuno approached the
769:, with an elevation of 2,504 metres or 8,216 feet) is found, though towards the north the surface is composed rather of green hills, separating green hollows in which nestle neat villages and small towns. It is mainly watered by two streams that descend from the Säntis, the
954:
551:
provided less support, but authorized any citizen who wished to support
Appenzell to do so. In response, the League raised an army and marched to St. Gallen, before heading toward Appenzell. On 15 May 1403, they entered the pass to
1929:
644:
to friends and fellow clergy. His preaching brought the
Reformation into the forefront of public debate. In October 1523, the Council supported the Protestant principle of scriptural sermons and on 24 April 1524
1342:
Sammlung
Schweizerischer Rechtsquellen. XIII. Abteilung: Die Rechtsquellen der Kantone Appenzell. Erster Band: Appenzeller Landbücher. Bearbeitet von Nathalie Büsser mit Registern von Margrit Meyer Kälin. Basel
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It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk
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It should be brought up to date to reflect subsequent history or scholarship (including the references, if any). When you have completed the review, replace this notice with a simple note on this article's talk
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for help. In 1392 he made an agreement with the Habsburgs, which was renewed in 1402. In response, in 1401 Appenzell entered into an alliance with the city of St. Gallen to protect their rights and freedom.
1914:
485:, which exerted a great influence on the area. By the middle of the 11th century the abbots of St Gall had established their power in the land later called Appenzell, which by that time was thoroughly
1270:
The History of Protestantism. Book Eight, "History of Protestantism in Switzerland from A.D. 1516 to its Establishment at Zurich, 1525", Chapter 10: The Spread of Protestantism in Eastern Switzerland
377:
999:) date from about 1540 and 1585, the original manuscript of the latter (called the "Silver Book" from its silver clasps) being still used in Inner Rhoden when, at the beginning of the annual
661:) in 1525 led to government crackdowns. The first police action against the Anabaptists took place in June 1525, followed by the Anabaptist Disputation in Teufen in October 1529.
556:
and outside the village of Vögelinsegg met the Appenzell army. A small force of Appenzell and Confederation troops defeated the League army and signed a short lived peace treaty.
804:
Since 1597 it has been divided, for religious reasons, into two half-cantons, which are quite independent of each other, and differ in many points. The north and west portion or
957:
failed, with 70.29% of participating electors voting against it. Landsgemeinden continue to be used in Inner Rhoden, with the closest attempt at abolishing it failing in 1991.
1022:(vice Landamann). The terms are for two years and will switch between them after the two year, but they have to be confirmed every year by the voters. In particular the
605:
As part of the peace treaty, the abbot gave up his ownership of Appenzell, but was still owed certain taxes. However, it was not until 1410 that the area was at peace.
1389:
496:, taxes, and tithes were causing concern for both the abbot and the farmers of Appenzell. Both parties wanted to protect their rights and interests by joining the new
563:
on the border of Appenzell town, the new canton continued to expand. During the expansion, Appenzell had even captured the abbot of St Gall and in response they were
636:, a term that in the singular is said to mean a "clearing", and occurs in 1070, long before the final separation. Following the initial small success, in 1523
1809:
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1144:
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has to be confirmed by the voters by actually voting. This actually leaves the voters with the possibility to drop any member of the government during the
897:
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1814:
1367:
1433:
988:. As various old-fashioned ceremonies are observed at the meetings and the members each appear with his girded sword, the sight of a meeting of the
578:
expanded the Austrians used the peace to regain their strength. On 11 September 1406 an association of nobles formed a knightly order known as the
1340:
At the time of its discovery in 1867, it was dated to 1409; however, it was probably created during the second quarter of the 16th century. See
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1904:
1382:
1327:
1250:
1190:
1087:
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is most striking and interesting. The existing constitution of Inner Rhoden dates mainly from 1872, and that of Ausser Rhoden from 1876.
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first takes the oath of office, and the assembled members then take that of obedience to him, in either case with uplifted right hands.
181:
169:
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1375:
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This institution is of immemorial antiquity, and the meetings in either case are always held on the last Sunday in April. The
72:
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is the supreme legislative authority, and elects both the executive (in Inner Rhoden composed of nine members and called
1909:
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together. The city of St. Gallen and the Canton of Schwyz each paid off the Austrians to avoid an attack, and the
94:
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From 1798 to 1803 both Appenzells, with the other domains of the abbot of St Gall, were formed into the
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joining the Sitter (on which is the capital, Appenzell), which later flows into the Thur. There are
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continued to refer to both half-cantons, although this usage has since become outdated. Usually
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in a geographic context, if the aim is to refer to Innerrhoden and Ausserrhoden collectively.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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In 1411 Appenzell signed a defensive treaty with the entire Swiss Confederation (except
1501:
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The south or more mountainous portion of Appenzell forms the half-canton of Appenzell,
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621:
500:. In 1377 Appenzell was allowed to join the League with the support of the cities of
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50:
1320:
1314:
1308:
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1177:
1171:
1080:
1074:
1068:
17:
1707:
1632:
1612:
1044:
778:
658:
650:
560:
505:
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857:
and are thus currently held on 14 January. It sends one member (named by the
830:, and embroidery being very flourishing. It sends one member (elected by the
1697:
1516:
1148:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 220–221.
818:
762:
453:
766:
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640:(also known as Joachim Vadian) began to preach the reformed version of the
1657:
1637:
1521:
673:
in 1531 ended plans for a reformation of the entire Canton of Appenzell.
582:(Order of St. George's Shield) to oppose the rebellious commoners of the
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confirmed the Cantonal Council's decision. However, the work of the
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in Appenzell. The early reformers had the most success in the outer
1244:
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is an alpine region, particularly in the south, where the Alpstein
1702:
1607:
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30:
This article is about the historical canton. For the village, see
1362:
688:("the two Appenzells") are spoken of in a political context, and
1622:
1617:
1566:
782:
609:
428:
The territory of Appenzell as a geographical entity is known as
1371:
1712:
880:
714:
44:
1930:
16th-century disestablishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy
980:
and decides minor matters; in Inner Rhoden it is named the
432:. While in political contexts, the two cantons (until 1999
1357:
1915:
15th-century establishments in the Old Swiss Confederacy
896:
is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright
730:
is largely based on an article in the out-of-copyright
559:
Following another Appenzell victory on 17 June 1405, at
1217:. Vol. 16. Hooper & Jackson. pp. 581–583.
995:
The oldest codes of the laws and customs of the land (
1835:
1275:
At this time Joachim Vadian of a noble family in the
1081:
547:
that had defeated the Austrians in the last century.
1075:
1069:
1802:
1726:
1585:
1444:
1321:
968:, and in Ausser Rhoden of seven members and called
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75:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1309:
953:by 54% of voters (61% of the electorate voted). A
1300:
1298:
1296:
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949:. However, in Ausser Rhoden this institution was
935:Both Appenzell cantons had traditions of holding
1184:
520:Independence and joining the Swiss Confederation
405:in 1411, becoming a full member in 1513. It was
218:• Rebelled against the Abbot of St. Gallen
1178:
1172:
955:measure to reintroduce the institution in 2010
1383:
8:
707:, shrank back within its former boundaries.
931:from 24 April 2005 in Appenzell Innerrhoden
1390:
1376:
1368:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
951:abolished by a ballot on 29 September 1997
703:, but in 1803, on the creation of the new
669:in Appenzell. The Catholic victory in the
146:
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1161:
1159:
1157:
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135:Learn how and when to remove this message
1363:Tourismus site by Appenzell Outer Rhodes
1358:Tourismus site by Appenzell Inner Rhodes
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
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945:(near Herisau) and in the even years at
461:to higher or lower pastures in Appenzell
1842:
1056:
653:in the Appenzell region (as well as in
401:in 1403 and entered a league with the
789:, as well as lines from St Gallen to
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266:
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7:
1328:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1251:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1214:The Historians' History of the World
1191:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
1088:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
842:(elected by a direct popular vote).
397:Appenzell became independent of the
73:adding citations to reliable sources
1399:Cantons and capitals of Switzerland
1132:Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort
590:, Appenzell was unable to hold the
394:, in existence from 1403 to 1597.
25:
417:in 1597 (in a process called the
390:, and entirely surrounded by the
228:• Alliance with most of the
1845:
1118:
885:
719:
344:
330:
305:
180:
168:
49:
27:Historical canton of Switzerland
1820:By gross regional product (GRP)
620:Starting in 1522, followers of
60:needs additional citations for
1279:returning from his studies in
1211:Williams, Henry Smith (1908).
867:, and one also to the federal
492:By about 1360, conflicts over
1:
1925:1411 establishments in Europe
1920:1403 establishments in Europe
1905:Former cantons of Switzerland
903:, which was produced in 1911.
826:manufacture of cotton goods,
813:, though the largest town is
737:, which was produced in 1911.
1228:Order of St. George's Shield
477:'cell (i.e., estate) of the
1749:Unterwalden (-15th century)
1457:Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR)
1946:
1462:Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI)
1063: Rainald Fischer:
765:range (culminating in the
680:After this time, the term
523:
40:Appenzell (disambiguation)
29:
1030:and select someone else.
1018:(acting Landamann) and a
984:and in Ausser Rhoden the
838:and three to the federal
284:
280:
259:of the Swiss Confederacy
245:of the Swiss Confederacy
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164:
159:
1020:Stillstehender Landamann
586:. Following a defeat at
34:. For the district, see
1434:Flags and coats of arms
1145:Encyclopædia Britannica
972:) and the president or
899:Encyclopædia Britannica
733:Encyclopædia Britannica
545:Old Swiss Confederation
1900:Regions of Switzerland
1040:Appenzeller Sennenhund
1010:In fact there are two
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630:Protestant Reformation
598:was dissolved by King
535:
481:'. This refers to the
474:
462:
415:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
340:Appenzell Ausserrhoden
38:. For other uses, see
1467:Basel-Landschaft (BL)
927:
809:political capital is
616:Division of Appenzell
534:Battle of Vögelinsegg
533:
456:
440:("both Appenzells").
436:) are referred to as
421:) as a result of the
411:Appenzell Innerrhoden
403:Old Swiss Confederacy
371:[ˈapn̩ˌt͡sɛl]
367:German pronunciation:
326:Appenzell Innerrhoden
230:Old Swiss Confederacy
1744:Outer Schwyz (-1833)
1024:Regierender Landaman
1016:Regierender Landaman
1003:, the newly elected
686:die beiden Appenzell
671:Second War of Kappel
642:Acts of the Apostles
628:began to preach the
392:canton of St. Gallen
386:in the northeast of
69:improve this article
1910:Abbey of Saint Gall
1872: /
1445:Present-day cantons
574:However, while the
569:Bishop of Constance
459:rotation of herding
399:Abbey of Saint Gall
313:Abbey of St. Gallen
32:Appenzell (village)
1876:47.3461°N 9.3419°E
1727:Historical cantons
1265:James Aitken Wylie
1065:Appenzell (Canton)
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580:Sankt Jörgenschild
543:, a member of the
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36:Appenzell District
1833:
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1754:Helvetic Republic
1734:Appenzell (-1597)
1683:Schaffhausen (SH)
1527:Schaffhausen (SH)
1277:canton of St Gall
1091:, 2011-10-06.
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921:
863:) to the federal
834:) to the federal
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705:canton of St Gall
701:Helvetic Republic
602:on 4 April 1408.
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526:Appenzell Wars
524:Main article:
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894:This section
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860:Landsgemeinde
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622:Martin Luther
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80:Find sources:
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58:This article
56:
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47:
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41:
37:
33:
19:
1857:
1825:By elevation
1810:Legislatures
1753:
1733:
1668:Lucerne (LU)
1663:Liestal (BL)
1653:Herisau (AR)
1598:Altdorf (UR)
1547:Thurgau (TG)
1507:Lucerne (LU)
1497:Grisons (GR)
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913:October 2017
910:
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847:Inner Rhoden
846:
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747:October 2017
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466:
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434:half-cantons
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362:
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295:Succeeded by
294:
289:
187:Coat of arms
131:
122:
112:
105:
98:
91:
79:
67:Please help
62:verification
59:
1879: /
1852:Switzerland
1794:Waldstätten
1718:Zurich (ZH)
1688:Schwyz (SZ)
1678:Sarnen (OW)
1648:Glarus (GL)
1643:Geneva (GE)
1577:Zürich (ZH)
1562:Valais (VS)
1552:Ticino (TI)
1532:Schwyz (SZ)
1492:Glarus (GL)
1487:Geneva (GE)
1452:Aargau (AG)
869:Nationalrat
840:Nationalrat
785:or through
651:Anabaptists
419:Landteilung
388:Switzerland
290:Preceded by
271:Partitioned
257:Full member
84:"Appenzell"
1894:Categories
1864:47°20′46″N
1815:Executives
1762:Bellinzona
1703:Stans (NW)
1608:Basel (BS)
1593:Aarau (AG)
1051:References
1005:Landammann
997:Landbücher
986:Kantonsrat
974:Landammann
851:Referendum
659:St. Gallen
561:Stoss Pass
506:St. Gallen
449:Foundation
95:newspapers
1867:9°20′31″E
1756:(-1803):
1693:Sion (VS)
1623:Chur (GR)
1618:Bern (BE)
1567:Vaud (VD)
1502:Jura (JU)
1477:Bern (BE)
1136:Appenzell
1134:(1911). "
1012:Landamann
865:Ständerat
836:Ständerat
795:Rorschach
793:and from
779:St Gallen
763:limestone
711:Geography
487:Alemannic
467:Appenzell
465:The name
457:Seasonal
363:Appenzell
199:Appenzell
160:1403–1597
125:July 2016
1782:Oberland
1766:Fricktal
1713:Zug (ZG)
1586:Capitals
1572:Zug (ZG)
1557:Uri (UR)
1267:(1899).
1034:See also
982:Grossrat
817:, while
554:Speicher
510:Austrian
502:Konstanz
382:) was a
222:May 1403
1322:Italian
1245:Italian
1185:Italian
1142:(ed.).
1129::
1082:Italian
1045:Zäuerli
943:Hundwil
828:muslins
815:Herisau
787:Herisau
771:Urnasch
699:of the
588:Bregenz
567:by the
444:History
407:divided
269:•
255:•
241:•
205:History
195:Capital
109:scholar
1838:Portal
1790:Säntis
1786:Raetia
1778:Lugano
1316:French
1310:German
1281:Vienna
1239:French
1233:German
1179:French
1173:German
1138:". In
1123:
1076:French
1070:German
947:Trogen
823:Heiden
821:, and
819:Teufen
811:Trogen
799:Heiden
791:Trogen
767:Säntis
655:Zürich
634:Rhoden
600:Rupert
549:Glarus
384:canton
208:
111:
104:
97:
90:
82:
1774:Linth
1770:Léman
1758:Baden
1343:2009.
907:page.
775:trams
741:page.
479:abbot
471:Latin
409:into
116:JSTOR
102:books
1319:and
1307:in
1242:and
1230:in
1182:and
1170:in
1079:and
1067:in
783:Gais
667:Mass
657:and
624:and
610:Bern
596:Bund
592:Bund
584:Bund
576:Bund
504:and
413:and
175:Flag
88:news
1768:,
797:to
71:by
1896::
1792:,
1788:,
1784:,
1780:,
1776:,
1772:,
1764:,
1760:,
1313:,
1291:^
1273:.
1236:,
1199:^
1176:,
1154:^
1096:^
1073:,
801:.
571:.
489:.
473::
425:.
1840::
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911:(
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745:(
365:(
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132:(
127:)
123:(
113:·
106:·
99:·
92:·
65:.
42:.
20:)
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