1047:
1063:
1093:
1031:
1079:
137:
115:
1017:
5029:
1001:
538:, within which about half the species within Araliaceae are placed. Recent molecular phylogenies have shown that this large pantropical genus is polyphyletic and some believe it should be divided again into several genera, though these would probably not correspond with the previously recognized genera.
541:
Recent molecular systematics techniques have made major improvements into understanding of the evolution of
Araliaceae, leading to the knowledge existing today. Due to widely varying morphological characters, the systematics of Araliaceae had been largely debated over the past century, especially in
561:
One example group that proved problematic for
Araliaceae systematics is subfamily Hydrocotyloideae. Molecular phylogenies suggest at least some of the genera traditionally spanning across Araliaceae and Apiaceae as Hydrocotyloideae appear to be more closely related to Araliaceae. It has been
359:
The morphology of
Araliaceae varies widely. Many studies have found that there is no unifying characteristic capable of classifying the family. In general, Araliaceae species have large, usually alternate leaves, often with aromatic ethereal oils, five-petaled flowers, two to five
368:, and berries without carpophores or oil cavities. Some taxa carry prickles, and the family is often woody but also occasionally herbaceous. While Araliaceae is predominantly a tropical family, some taxa are also
5265:
304:. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguishable based on its woody habit, tropical distribution, and the presence of simple
5304:
1804:
1342:
Plunkett GM, Soltis DE, Soltis PS (1996). "Higher level relationships of
Apiales (Apiaceae and Araliaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of rbc L sequences".
1533:
Wen J, Plunkett GM, Mitchell AD, Wagstaff S (2001). "The
Evolution of Araliaceae: A Phylogenetic Analysis Based on ITS Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA".
1111:
1687:
Nicolas AN, Plunkett GM (2009). "The demise of subfamily
Hydrocotyloideae (Apiaceae) and the re-alignment of its genera across the entire order Apiales".
1131:
Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",
1502:"Phylogeny and diversification of Chinese Araliaceae based on nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data: Phylogeny and diversification of Chinese Araliaceae"
532:
The generic level classification of the
Araliaceae has been unstable and remains under study. For instance, numerous genera have been synonymized under
5476:
5213:
1852:
5278:
5226:
422:
Araliaceae are found in the pluvial montane forest, very humid montane forest, and humid lowland river forest regions. They are also present in
5109:
1378:
1318:
1189:
1560:
1287:
1797:
1183:
1062:
1030:
372:
to temperate climates. They are found in the
Americas, Eurasia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Pacific islands.
1311:
Botany in a day : the patterns method of plant identification : an herbal field guide to plant families of North
America
1046:
5438:
5252:
5402:
1614:
5283:
5291:
1831:
1437:"Evolution of the Araliaceae family inferred from complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nrDNAs of 10 Panax-related species"
1216:"Evolution of the Araliaceae family inferred from complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nrDNAs of 10 Panax-related species"
546:(synonym: Umbelliferae) in some taxonomic treatments that have since been rejected. The family is closely related to the
5032:
1857:
1847:
1790:
1037:
348:
1078:
5096:
1092:
1404:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
136:
5407:
5366:
225:
5471:
5309:
5371:
1842:
1016:
5200:
1007:
542:
the absence of molecular evidence. For instance, Araliaceae were previously merged into the closely related
300:
and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants commonly called the
5174:
5049:
988:
267:
1773:
5340:
5114:
1615:"Clarification of the relationship between Apiaceae and Araliaceae based on MATK and RBCL sequence data"
5205:
5179:
1730:
Manchester S (1994). "Fruits and Seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon".
1053:
1000:
5358:
955:
5443:
5319:
5135:
1696:
1448:
1227:
1069:
5231:
5466:
5425:
5187:
4872:
4090:
3982:
3606:
2093:
1837:
1170:
258:
247:
131:
5345:
5327:
5122:
4829:
4628:
4180:
4040:
3969:
3892:
3773:
3659:
3576:
2941:
1932:
1868:
1712:
1629:
1606:
1587:
1482:
1464:
1384:
1374:
1324:
1314:
1261:
1243:
1179:
5270:
5332:
4713:
4703:
4663:
4643:
4419:
4349:
4324:
4271:
4045:
4035:
3798:
3735:
3679:
3654:
3400:
3305:
3272:
3062:
2976:
2971:
2946:
2847:
2809:
2717:
2381:
2244:
2219:
2214:
2007:
1924:
1777:
1704:
1667:
1656:"Evolution in Apiales: Nuclear and chloroplast markers together in (almost) perfect harmony"
1610:
1513:
1472:
1456:
1415:
1351:
1251:
1235:
1150:
1140:
334:
5087:
114:
5192:
4994:
4781:
4648:
4633:
4213:
4100:
4080:
4075:
4065:
4030:
3846:
3841:
3641:
3611:
3581:
3465:
3430:
3390:
3365:
3355:
3315:
3067:
2956:
2839:
2814:
2709:
2681:
2671:
2464:
2434:
2376:
2361:
2224:
2050:
1957:
1814:
691:
439:
293:
174:
697:
384:
5166:
1782:
1700:
1452:
1231:
4986:
4976:
4958:
4930:
4892:
4882:
4834:
4801:
4791:
4786:
4708:
4658:
4605:
4590:
4475:
4389:
4329:
4319:
4223:
4125:
4060:
4050:
4010:
3992:
3793:
3720:
3508:
3470:
3425:
3360:
3335:
3310:
3254:
3168:
2936:
2883:
2819:
2676:
2568:
2545:
2507:
2484:
2474:
2277:
2139:
2078:
1942:
1477:
1436:
1355:
1256:
1215:
776:
551:
276:
161:
1552:
1279:
529:
There are also multiple taxa that float around these groups, but are not within them.
5460:
4968:
4897:
4867:
4844:
4839:
4824:
4776:
4743:
4738:
4673:
4467:
4452:
4399:
4379:
4339:
4334:
4314:
4276:
4228:
4175:
4165:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4085:
4000:
3977:
3959:
3927:
3912:
3874:
3778:
3758:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3596:
3591:
3571:
3556:
3518:
3513:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3395:
3375:
3350:
3340:
3241:
3163:
3143:
3082:
3077:
3057:
2991:
2961:
2921:
2829:
2824:
2771:
2641:
2603:
2578:
2550:
2535:
2479:
2459:
2454:
2371:
2338:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2229:
2199:
2131:
2098:
2088:
2055:
2045:
2035:
1904:
1886:
1818:
1672:
1655:
1145:
918:
911:
904:
869:
649:
443:
423:
376:
339:
271:
72:
419:) and are simple to compound; when compound, they are ternate, pinnate, or palmate.
5430:
4907:
4902:
4887:
4877:
4816:
4698:
4683:
4653:
4610:
4600:
4554:
4531:
4521:
4493:
4394:
4374:
4344:
4286:
4233:
4155:
4110:
4070:
4025:
4015:
4005:
3897:
3866:
3831:
3816:
3730:
3725:
3631:
3385:
3380:
3345:
3325:
3300:
3287:
3277:
3249:
3206:
3201:
3158:
3125:
3110:
3072:
3049:
2986:
2981:
2966:
2931:
2913:
2865:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2666:
2626:
2560:
2540:
2530:
2522:
2489:
2449:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2328:
2323:
2287:
2204:
2083:
2040:
1937:
1914:
1878:
797:
741:
727:
656:
642:
635:
628:
577:
427:
399:
325:
123:
5417:
5127:
5101:
1637:
5296:
5239:
5081:
4862:
4758:
4718:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4546:
4536:
4526:
4508:
4457:
4409:
4404:
4384:
4364:
4291:
4218:
4160:
4115:
4055:
4020:
3917:
3907:
3851:
3763:
3702:
3697:
3649:
3621:
3601:
3561:
3543:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3410:
3405:
3370:
3264:
3221:
3196:
3120:
3092:
3087:
2926:
2903:
2888:
2857:
2776:
2651:
2631:
2593:
2444:
2439:
2416:
2401:
2343:
2333:
2239:
2234:
2186:
2103:
2027:
2012:
1989:
1984:
1909:
1896:
1708:
1435:
Kim K, Nguyen VB, Dong J, Wang Y, Park JY, Lee SC, et al. (December 2017).
1214:
Kim K, Nguyen VB, Dong J, Wang Y, Park JY, Lee SC, et al. (December 2017).
963:
883:
875:
804:
769:
748:
684:
677:
621:
592:
564:
554:, but some of the exact boundaries between Araliaceae and the other families of
508:
47:
1460:
1239:
562:
recommended that subfamily Hydrocotyloideae be narrowed to just include genera
5394:
4945:
4935:
4912:
4733:
4668:
4595:
4572:
4498:
4444:
4354:
4208:
4195:
4170:
4150:
3902:
3884:
3856:
3826:
3821:
3753:
3712:
3689:
3626:
3616:
3566:
3551:
3480:
3435:
3420:
3330:
3231:
3211:
3173:
3153:
2875:
2781:
2661:
2646:
2636:
2366:
2315:
2254:
2209:
2060:
2017:
1976:
1967:
1328:
970:
946:
932:
897:
849:
762:
663:
614:
570:
534:
92:
57:
5072:
1468:
1388:
1247:
1178:. Vol. 13. St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. p. 491.
5161:
5148:
4953:
4922:
4854:
4723:
4582:
4564:
4516:
4485:
4414:
4359:
4296:
4281:
4266:
4203:
4185:
4120:
4095:
3932:
3836:
3788:
3768:
3415:
3320:
3295:
2766:
2758:
2656:
2621:
2598:
2588:
2573:
2512:
2469:
2429:
2406:
2176:
2108:
1999:
1768:
1591:
1169:
Xiang Q, Lowry PP (2007). "Araliaceae". In Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (eds.).
925:
863:
856:
832:
825:
818:
790:
755:
504:
455:
97:
24:
5384:
1716:
1633:
1486:
1265:
5379:
5066:
4806:
4728:
4638:
4620:
4369:
4306:
4258:
4248:
4105:
3922:
3808:
3783:
3745:
3586:
3455:
3440:
3226:
3216:
3191:
3148:
3115:
3024:
2951:
2748:
2731:
2583:
2499:
2353:
2168:
2158:
2070:
939:
811:
713:
670:
600:
547:
543:
515:
451:
369:
200:
187:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
4768:
4434:
3533:
3488:
3183:
3135:
3102:
3016:
2740:
2686:
2194:
1155:
890:
720:
555:
472:
459:
447:
404:
361:
344:
311:
There are numerous plants of economic importance. Some genera, such as
210:
102:
77:
20:
1518:
1501:
1420:
1403:
5244:
3039:
3006:
2613:
2424:
783:
734:
706:
607:
488:
415:
393:
319:
313:
5257:
5218:
5043:
5353:
5153:
839:
494:
409:
365:
305:
297:
148:
1584:
Angiosperm family pairs : preliminary phylogenetic analyses
5047:
1786:
5140:
477:
group, sister to the rest of the main Araliaceae clades.
1373:(Third ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
558:
are still uncertain and are currently being examined.
526:
group, largest of the groups representing Araliaceae.
845:
486:
group, consisting of the mostly monophyletic genera
5056:
4985:
4967:
4944:
4921:
4853:
4815:
4767:
4756:
4619:
4581:
4563:
4545:
4507:
4484:
4466:
4443:
4432:
4305:
4257:
4246:
4194:
3991:
3968:
3957:
3883:
3865:
3807:
3744:
3711:
3688:
3640:
3542:
3531:
3479:
3286:
3263:
3240:
3182:
3134:
3101:
3048:
3037:
3015:
3004:
2912:
2901:
2874:
2856:
2838:
2790:
2757:
2739:
2730:
2708:
2699:
2612:
2559:
2521:
2498:
2415:
2352:
2314:
2286:
2268:
2185:
2167:
2152:
2130:
2121:
2069:
2026:
1998:
1975:
1966:
1955:
1923:
1895:
1877:
1866:
465:Within Araliaceae, there are four accepted groups:
1371:Plant systematics : a phylogenetic approach
413:spp.). Leaves are sometimes lauroid (resembling
1755:World Checklist and Bibliography of Araliaceae
1798:
8:
581:to form a monophyletic group in Araliaceae.
1112:List of foliage plant diseases (Araliaceae)
5044:
4764:
4440:
4429:
4254:
4243:
3965:
3539:
3045:
3034:
3012:
3001:
2909:
2898:
2736:
2705:
2164:
2127:
1972:
1963:
1874:
1805:
1791:
1783:
113:
33:
1671:
1517:
1476:
1419:
1369:Judd WS, Campbell CS, Kellogg EA (2008).
1255:
1154:
1144:
337:foliage plants. The family also includes
1660:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1408:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1133:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
375:Some examples of Araliaceae include the
1402:The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
1123:
996:
1778:BoDD โ Botanical Dermatology Database
1689:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
5408:043ded87-f278-4c2b-802e-e1e404c6e874
5359:CC1AD6BA-70DB-8DD4-1550-793D4F02BB7C
5320:aa9b220b-df5f-46fd-b0a5-c7315dd3d3f2
1506:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1195:from the original on 16 January 2024
333:, the umbrella trees), are used as
5372:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001539-2
1356:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12731.x
14:
1654:Chandler GT, Plunkett GM (2004).
454:. Araliaceae is accepted to be a
5028:
5027:
1673:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2003.00247.x
1563:from the original on 14 May 2018
1290:from the original on 14 May 2018
1146:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
1091:
1077:
1061:
1045:
1029:
1015:
999:
135:
5477:Extant Eocene first appearances
1753:Frodin DG, Govaerts R (2004).
1:
519:and the Asian Palmate group.
1586:. Harvard Papers in Botany.
1038:Eleutherococcus sieboldianus
513:group, sister to both genus
430:, and warm, humid habitats.
349:traditional Chinese medicine
1732:Palaeontographica Americana
1709:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.010
5493:
1769:Araliaceae Resource Center
1622:American Journal of Botany
1461:10.1038/s41598-017-05218-y
1344:American Journal of Botany
1240:10.1038/s41598-017-05218-y
18:
16:Family of flowering plants
5023:
3033:
1826:
438:Araliaceae is one of six
253:
246:
237:
232:
132:Scientific classification
130:
121:
112:
36:
867:(includes former genera
434:Taxonomy and Systematics
19:Not to be confused with
5415:Watson & Dallwitz:
1008:Heptapleurum arboricola
442:families recognized by
343:, the root of which is
323:(Japanese aralias) and
233:Subfamilies and genera
585:Subfamilies and genera
450:, an order within the
5341:Paleobiology Database
403:), and herbs such as
296:composed of about 43
1500:Li R, Wen J (2016).
1070:Hydrocotyle vulgaris
989:Araliaceoipollenites
1701:2009MolPE..53..134N
1557:succulent-plant.com
1453:2017NatSR...7.4917K
1284:succulent-plant.com
1232:2017NatSR...7.4917K
4873:Pentaphragmataceae
4091:Stegnospermataceae
3983:Berberidopsidaceae
3607:Pentadiplandraceae
2094:Atherospermataceae
1441:Scientific Reports
1220:Scientific Reports
1023:Oplopanax horridus
458:branch within the
389:Oplopanax horridus
5454:
5453:
5328:Open Tree of Life
5050:Taxon identifiers
5041:
5040:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
4830:Cardiopteridaceae
4752:
4751:
4629:Plocospermataceae
4428:
4427:
4242:
4241:
4181:Anacampserotaceae
4041:Ancistrocladaceae
3970:Berberidopsidales
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3893:Biebersteiniaceae
3774:Sphaerosepalaceae
3660:Strasburgeriaceae
3577:Setchellanthaceae
3527:
3526:
3000:
2999:
2942:Cercidiphyllaceae
2897:
2896:
2726:
2725:
2695:
2694:
2148:
2147:
2117:
2116:
1951:
1950:
1933:Austrobaileyaceae
1757:. Kew Publishing.
1535:Systematic Botany
1519:10.1111/jse.12196
1421:10.1111/boj.12385
1380:978-0-87893-407-2
1320:978-1-892784-35-3
1309:Elpel TJ (2013).
1054:Osmoxylon lineare
446:belonging to the
286:
285:
274:
261:
256:Botryodendraceae
228:
5484:
5472:Asterid families
5447:
5446:
5434:
5433:
5421:
5420:
5411:
5410:
5398:
5397:
5388:
5387:
5375:
5374:
5362:
5361:
5349:
5348:
5336:
5335:
5323:
5322:
5313:
5312:
5300:
5299:
5297:NBNSYS0000159414
5287:
5286:
5274:
5273:
5261:
5260:
5248:
5247:
5235:
5234:
5222:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5196:
5195:
5183:
5182:
5170:
5169:
5157:
5156:
5144:
5143:
5131:
5130:
5118:
5117:
5105:
5104:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5077:
5076:
5075:
5045:
5031:
5030:
4765:
4714:Thomandersiaceae
4704:Lentibulariaceae
4664:Scrophulariaceae
4644:Tetrachondraceae
4441:
4430:
4420:Mitrastemonaceae
4350:Pentaphylacaceae
4325:Tetrameristaceae
4272:Hydrostachyaceae
4255:
4244:
4046:Rhabdodendraceae
4036:Dioncophyllaceae
3966:
3799:Dipterocarpaceae
3736:Dipentodontaceae
3680:Crossosomataceae
3655:Geissolomataceae
3540:
3401:Chrysobalanaceae
3306:Ctenolophonaceae
3273:Lepidobotryaceae
3063:Anisophylleaceae
3046:
3035:
3013:
3002:
2977:Tetracarpaeaceae
2972:Aphanopetalaceae
2947:Daphniphyllaceae
2910:
2899:
2848:Trochodendraceae
2810:Circaeasteraceae
2737:
2718:Ceratophyllaceae
2706:
2382:Alstroemeriaceae
2245:Potamogetonaceae
2220:Scheuchzeriaceae
2215:Hydrocharitaceae
2165:
2128:
2008:Aristolochiaceae
1973:
1964:
1925:Austrobaileyales
1875:
1871:
1869:Basalangiosperms
1853:Acrogymnospermae
1815:flowering plants
1807:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1758:
1740:
1739:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1636:. Archived from
1619:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1582:Judd WS (1994).
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1259:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1194:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1148:
1128:
1095:
1081:
1065:
1049:
1033:
1019:
1003:
956:Hydrocotyloideae
847:
294:flowering plants
292:are a family of
265:
264:Hydrocotylaceae
257:
224:
140:
139:
117:
107:
44:
40:Temporal range:
34:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5442:
5437:
5429:
5424:
5416:
5414:
5406:
5401:
5393:
5391:
5383:
5378:
5370:
5365:
5357:
5352:
5344:
5339:
5331:
5326:
5318:
5316:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5290:
5282:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5256:
5251:
5243:
5238:
5230:
5225:
5217:
5212:
5204:
5199:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5173:
5165:
5160:
5152:
5147:
5139:
5134:
5126:
5121:
5113:
5108:
5100:
5095:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5052:
5042:
5037:
4999:
4995:Paracryphiaceae
4981:
4963:
4940:
4917:
4849:
4811:
4782:Torricelliaceae
4761:
4748:
4649:Calceolariaceae
4634:Carlemanniaceae
4615:
4577:
4559:
4541:
4503:
4480:
4462:
4437:
4424:
4301:
4251:
4238:
4214:Balanophoraceae
4190:
4101:Lophiocarpaceae
4081:Achatocarpaceae
4076:Caryophyllaceae
4066:Macarthuriaceae
4031:Drosophyllaceae
3987:
3962:
3937:
3879:
3861:
3847:Crypteroniaceae
3842:Melastomataceae
3803:
3740:
3707:
3684:
3642:Crossosomatales
3636:
3612:Gyrostemonaceae
3582:Koeberliniaceae
3536:
3523:
3475:
3466:Picrodendraceae
3431:Lacistemataceae
3391:Dichapetalaceae
3366:Centroplacaceae
3356:Lophopyxidaceae
3316:Erythroxylaceae
3282:
3259:
3236:
3178:
3130:
3097:
3068:Corynocarpaceae
3042:
3029:
3009:
2996:
2957:Grossulariaceae
2906:
2893:
2870:
2852:
2840:Trochodendrales
2834:
2815:Lardizabalaceae
2786:
2753:
2722:
2710:Ceratophyllales
2701:Ceratophyllidae
2691:
2682:Ecdeiocoleaceae
2672:Flagellariaceae
2608:
2555:
2517:
2494:
2465:Tecophilaeaceae
2435:Blandfordiaceae
2411:
2377:Petermanniaceae
2362:Campynemataceae
2348:
2310:
2282:
2264:
2225:Aponogetonaceae
2181:
2156:
2144:
2113:
2065:
2051:Himantandraceae
2022:
1994:
1960:
1958:Mesangiospermae
1947:
1919:
1891:
1867:
1862:
1843:Marchantiophyta
1822:
1811:
1765:
1752:
1749:
1747:Further reading
1744:
1743:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1643:on 6 July 2008.
1640:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1381:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1321:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1082:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1050:
1041:
1034:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1004:
995:
992:(fossil pollen)
692:Eleutherococcus
587:
436:
397:spp., including
357:
223:
134:
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
38:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5490:
5488:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5459:
5458:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5435:
5431:wfo-7000000043
5422:
5412:
5399:
5389:
5376:
5363:
5350:
5337:
5324:
5314:
5301:
5288:
5275:
5262:
5249:
5236:
5223:
5210:
5197:
5184:
5171:
5158:
5145:
5132:
5119:
5106:
5093:
5078:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5035:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4987:Paracryphiales
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4977:Escalloniaceae
4973:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4959:Caprifoliaceae
4956:
4950:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4931:Columelliaceae
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4893:Argophyllaceae
4890:
4885:
4883:Alseuosmiaceae
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Phyllonomaceae
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4802:Myodocarpaceae
4799:
4794:
4792:Pittosporaceae
4789:
4787:Griseliniaceae
4784:
4779:
4773:
4771:
4762:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4709:Schlegeliaceae
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4659:Plantaginaceae
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4606:Sphenocleaceae
4603:
4598:
4593:
4591:Convolvulaceae
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4476:Metteniusaceae
4472:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4433:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4390:Sarraceniaceae
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4330:Fouquieriaceae
4327:
4322:
4320:Marcgraviaceae
4317:
4311:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4252:
4247:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:Misodendraceae
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4126:Phytolaccaceae
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4061:Asteropeiaceae
4058:
4053:
4051:Simmondsiaceae
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Plumbaginaceae
4008:
4003:
3997:
3995:
3993:Caryophyllales
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3963:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3794:Sarcolaenaceae
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3721:Gerrardinaceae
3717:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3509:Elaeocarpaceae
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3471:Phyllanthaceae
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Passifloraceae
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Putranjivaceae
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:Calophyllaceae
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3311:Rhizophoraceae
3308:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3255:Zygophyllaceae
3252:
3246:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3169:Ticodendraceae
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3010:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Hamamelidaceae
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2907:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2884:Myrothamnaceae
2880:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2820:Menispermaceae
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Joinvilleaceae
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Strelitziaceae
2565:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2546:Pontederiaceae
2543:
2538:
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2508:Dasypogonaceae
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2485:Amaryllidaceae
2482:
2477:
2475:Xeronemataceae
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2278:Petrosaviaceae
2274:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2140:Chloranthaceae
2136:
2134:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2079:Calycanthaceae
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1943:Schisandraceae
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Polypodiophyta
1845:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1771:
1764:
1763:External links
1761:
1760:
1759:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1722:
1695:(1): 134โ151.
1679:
1666:(2): 123โ147.
1646:
1628:(4): 565โ580.
1597:
1574:
1544:
1525:
1512:(4): 453โ467.
1492:
1427:
1394:
1379:
1361:
1350:(4): 499โ515.
1334:
1319:
1313:. HOPS Press.
1301:
1271:
1206:
1184:
1172:Flora of China
1161:
1139:(2): 105โ121,
1122:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:Aralia spinosa
1097:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1005:
998:
994:
993:
983:
982:
980:incertae sedis
975:
974:
967:
959:
958:
951:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
860:
853:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
777:Merrilliopanax
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
724:
717:
710:
703:
695:
688:
681:
674:
667:
660:
653:
646:
639:
632:
625:
618:
611:
604:
596:
595:
588:
586:
583:
552:Pittosporaceae
435:
432:
381:Aralia spinosa
356:
353:
302:ginseng family
284:
283:
282:
281:
262:
251:
250:
244:
243:
242:
241:
235:
234:
230:
229:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
191:
190:
185:
178:
177:
172:
165:
164:
159:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
43:Eoceneโpresent
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5489:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5462:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5409:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5211:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5034:
5026:
5025:
5022:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4969:Escalloniales
4966:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Menyanthaceae
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4868:Campanulaceae
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4845:Aquifoliaceae
4843:
4841:
4840:Helwingiaceae
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:Stemonuraceae
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4777:Pennantiaceae
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4745:
4744:Orobanchaceae
4742:
4740:
4739:Paulowniaceae
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:Linderniaceae
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4468:Metteniusales
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4453:Oncothecaceae
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Actinidiaceae
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:Diapensiaceae
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4340:Lecythidaceae
4338:
4336:
4335:Polemoniaceae
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4315:Balsaminaceae
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Hydrangeaceae
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4229:Schoepfiaceae
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:Portulacaceae
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Halophytaceae
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4146:Molluginaceae
4144:
4142:
4141:Nyctaginaceae
4139:
4137:
4136:Sarcobataceae
4134:
4132:
4131:Petiveriaceae
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Amaranthaceae
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:Frankeniaceae
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Aextoxicaceae
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3960:Superasterids
3956:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3928:Simaroubaceae
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Anacardiaceae
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3875:Picramniaceae
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3779:Thymelaeaceae
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3759:Muntingiaceae
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Stachyuraceae
3673:
3671:
3670:Guamatelaceae
3668:
3666:
3665:Staphyleaceae
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Emblingiaceae
3595:
3593:
3592:Salvadoraceae
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:Limnanthaceae
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3557:Tropaeolaceae
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3520:
3519:Brunelliaceae
3517:
3515:
3514:Cephalotaceae
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Ixonanthaceae
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Euphorbiaceae
3449:
3447:
3446:Rafflesiaceae
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:Euphroniaceae
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:Malpighiaceae
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:Caryocaraceae
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3341:Podostemaceae
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3242:Zygophyllales
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Casuarinaceae
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Nothofagaceae
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:Tetramelaceae
3081:
3079:
3078:Cucurbitaceae
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Apodanthaceae
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2993:
2992:Cynomoriaceae
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Saxifragaceae
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Peridiscaceae
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2830:Ranunculaceae
2828:
2826:
2825:Berberidaceae
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Nelumbonaceae
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:Eriocaulaceae
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2604:Zingiberaceae
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:Heliconiaceae
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2551:Haemodoraceae
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2536:Commelinaceae
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:Asphodelaceae
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Ixioliriaceae
2458:
2456:
2455:Doryanthaceae
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Melanthiaceae
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Cyclanthaceae
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2306:Dioscoreaceae
2304:
2302:
2301:Burmanniaceae
2299:
2297:
2296:Nartheciaceae
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2270:Petrosaviales
2267:
2261:
2260:Cymodoceaceae
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2250:Posidoniaceae
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Juncaginaceae
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:Tofieldiaceae
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2132:Chloranthales
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:Chloranthidae
2120:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:Hernandiaceae
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2089:Gomortegaceae
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:Eupomatiaceae
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Degeneriaceae
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Myristicaceae
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Hydatellaceae
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1887:Amborellaceae
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1191:
1187:
1185:9781930723597
1181:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1002:
997:
991:
990:
985:
984:
981:
977:
976:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
923:
921:
920:
919:Seemannaralia
916:
914:
913:
912:Sciodaphyllum
909:
907:
906:
905:Sciadodendron
902:
900:
899:
895:
893:
892:
888:
886:
885:
881:
879:as subgenera)
878:
877:
872:
871:
870:Arthrophyllum
866:
865:
861:
859:
858:
854:
852:
851:
844:
842:
841:
837:
835:
834:
830:
828:
827:
823:
821:
820:
816:
814:
813:
809:
807:
806:
802:
800:
799:
795:
793:
792:
788:
786:
785:
781:
779:
778:
774:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
737:
736:
732:
730:
729:
725:
723:
722:
718:
716:
715:
711:
709:
708:
704:
702:
701:
696:
694:
693:
689:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
675:
673:
672:
668:
666:
665:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
651:
650:Cheirodendron
647:
645:
644:
640:
638:
637:
633:
631:
630:
626:
624:
623:
619:
617:
616:
612:
610:
609:
605:
603:
602:
598:
597:
594:
590:
589:
584:
582:
580:
579:
574:
572:
568:
566:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
539:
537:
536:
530:
527:
525:
524:Asian Palmate
520:
518:
517:
512:
511:
510:
506:
499:
498:
496:
491:
490:
485:
484:
478:
476:
475:
474:
466:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
431:
429:
425:
424:laurel forest
420:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
396:
395:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:angelica tree
373:
371:
367:
363:
354:
352:
350:
346:
342:
341:
340:Panax ginseng
336:
332:
328:
327:
322:
321:
317:(the ivies),
316:
315:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
280:
279:
273:
269:
263:
260:
255:
254:
252:
249:
245:
239:
238:
236:
231:
227:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:Tracheophytes
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
126:
125:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
35:
32:
30:
26:
22:
5057:
4908:Calyceraceae
4903:Goodeniaceae
4888:Phellinaceae
4878:Stylidiaceae
4817:Aquifoliales
4796:
4699:Bignoniaceae
4684:Martyniaceae
4654:Gesneriaceae
4611:Hydroleaceae
4601:Montiniaceae
4555:Boraginaceae
4532:Gelsemiaceae
4522:Gentianaceae
4494:Eucommiaceae
4395:Roridulaceae
4375:Symplocaceae
4345:Sladeniaceae
4287:Curtisiaceae
4234:Loranthaceae
4156:Didiereaceae
4111:Barbeuiaceae
4071:Microteaceae
4026:Nepenthaceae
4016:Polygonaceae
4006:Tamaricaceae
3898:Nitrariaceae
3867:Picramniales
3832:Vochysiaceae
3817:Combretaceae
3731:Tapisciaceae
3726:Petenaeaceae
3632:Brassicaceae
3386:Trigoniaceae
3381:Balanopaceae
3346:Hypericaceae
3326:Bonnetiaceae
3301:Irvingiaceae
3288:Malpighiales
3278:Celastraceae
3250:Krameriaceae
3207:Elaeagnaceae
3202:Dirachmaceae
3159:Juglandaceae
3126:Polygalaceae
3111:Quillajaceae
3073:Coriariaceae
3050:Cucurbitales
2987:Haloragaceae
2982:Penthoraceae
2967:Crassulaceae
2932:Altingiaceae
2914:Saxifragales
2866:Dilleniaceae
2805:Papaveraceae
2800:Eupteleaceae
2792:Ranunculales
2700:
2667:Restionaceae
2627:Bromeliaceae
2561:Zingiberales
2541:Philydraceae
2531:Hanguanaceae
2523:Commelinales
2490:Asparagaceae
2450:Hypoxidaceae
2397:Ripogonaceae
2392:Philesiaceae
2387:Colchicaceae
2329:Velloziaceae
2324:Triuridaceae
2288:Dioscoreales
2205:Alismataceae
2153:
2122:
2084:Siparunaceae
2041:Magnoliaceae
1938:Trimeniaceae
1915:Nymphaeaceae
1879:Amborellales
1858:Angiospermae
1813:Families of
1754:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1638:the original
1625:
1621:
1605:Plunkett G,
1600:
1583:
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1556:
1553:"Araliaceae"
1547:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1509:
1505:
1495:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1370:
1364:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1310:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1283:
1280:"Araliaceae"
1274:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1171:
1164:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1098:
1085:Hedera helix
1084:
1068:
1052:
1036:
1022:
1006:
987:
979:
969:
962:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
874:
868:
862:
855:
848:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
798:Motherwellia
796:
789:
782:
775:
768:
761:
754:
747:
742:Heptapleurum
740:
733:
728:Harmsiopanax
726:
719:
712:
705:
699:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
657:Chengiopanax
655:
648:
643:Cephalopanax
641:
636:Cephalaralia
634:
629:Brassaiopsis
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
578:Harmsiopanax
576:
569:
563:
560:
540:
533:
531:
528:
523:
521:
514:
503:
502:
500:
493:
487:
483:Aralia-Panax
482:
481:
479:
471:
469:
467:
464:
456:monophyletic
437:
428:cloud forest
421:
414:
408:
398:
392:
388:
385:devil's club
380:
374:
358:
338:
330:
326:Heptapleurum
324:
318:
312:
310:
301:
289:
287:
277:
220:
194:
181:
168:
155:
124:Aralia elata
122:
31:
29:
5240:iNaturalist
5082:Wikispecies
4863:Rousseaceae
4759:Campanulids
4719:Verbenaceae
4694:Acanthaceae
4689:Pedaliaceae
4679:Byblidaceae
4547:Boraginales
4537:Apocynaceae
4527:Loganiaceae
4509:Gentianales
4458:Icacinaceae
4410:Cyrillaceae
4405:Clethraceae
4385:Styracaceae
4365:Primulaceae
4292:Grubbiaceae
4219:Santalaceae
4161:Basellaceae
4116:Gisekiaceae
4056:Physenaceae
4021:Droseraceae
3918:Sapindaceae
3908:Burseraceae
3852:Alzateaceae
3764:Neuradaceae
3703:Francoaceae
3698:Geraniaceae
3650:Aphloiaceae
3622:Capparaceae
3602:Tovariaceae
3562:Moringaceae
3544:Brassicales
3504:Cunoniaceae
3499:Oxalidaceae
3494:Connaraceae
3411:Achariaceae
3406:Humiriaceae
3371:Elatinaceae
3265:Celastrales
3222:Cannabaceae
3197:Barbeyaceae
3121:Surianaceae
3093:Begoniaceae
3088:Datiscaceae
2927:Paeoniaceae
2904:Superrosids
2889:Gunneraceae
2858:Dilleniales
2777:Platanaceae
2652:Thurniaceae
2632:Rapateaceae
2594:Marantaceae
2445:Lanariaceae
2440:Asteliaceae
2425:Orchidaceae
2417:Asparagales
2402:Smilacaceae
2344:Pandanaceae
2334:Stemonaceae
2240:Zosteraceae
2235:Maundiaceae
2187:Alismatales
2104:Monimiaceae
2028:Magnoliales
2013:Saururaceae
1990:Winteraceae
1985:Canellaceae
1968:Magnoliidae
1910:Cabombaceae
1897:Nymphaeales
1830:Supergroup
1447:(1): 4917.
1414:(1): 1โ20.
1226:(1): 4917.
1199:25 December
1156:10654/18083
964:Hydrocotyle
884:Pseudopanax
876:Cuphocarpus
805:Neocussonia
770:Megalopanax
749:Heteropanax
685:Didymopanax
678:Dendropanax
622:Astrotricha
593:Aralioideae
565:Hydrocotyle
509:Pseudopanax
175:Angiosperms
5467:Araliaceae
5461:Categories
5258:30001539-2
5193:Araliaceae
5115:Araliaceae
5088:Araliaceae
5058:Araliaceae
4946:Dipsacales
4936:Bruniaceae
4913:Asteraceae
4797:Araliaceae
4734:Phrymaceae
4669:Stilbaceae
4596:Solanaceae
4573:Vahliaceae
4499:Garryaceae
4445:Icacinales
4355:Sapotaceae
4209:Opiliaceae
4196:Santalales
4171:Talinaceae
4151:Montiaceae
3903:Kirkiaceae
3885:Sapindales
3857:Penaeaceae
3827:Onagraceae
3822:Lythraceae
3754:Cytinaceae
3713:Huerteales
3690:Geraniales
3627:Cleomaceae
3617:Resedaceae
3567:Caricaceae
3552:Akaniaceae
3481:Oxalidales
3436:Salicaceae
3421:Goupiaceae
3331:Clusiaceae
3232:Urticaceae
3212:Rhamnaceae
3174:Betulaceae
3154:Myricaceae
2876:Gunnerales
2782:Proteaceae
2662:Cyperaceae
2647:Mayacaceae
2637:Xyridaceae
2367:Corsiaceae
2316:Pandanales
2255:Ruppiaceae
2210:Butomaceae
2061:Annonaceae
2018:Piperaceae
1977:Canellales
1774:Araliaceae
1567:7 February
1541:: 144โ167.
1329:1037950883
1294:7 February
1118:References
978:Subfamily
971:Trachymene
954:Subfamily
947:Woodburnia
933:Tetrapanax
898:Schefflera
850:Paleopanax
763:Macropanax
700:Fatshedera
664:Crepinella
615:Astropanax
591:Subfamily
571:Trachymene
535:Schefflera
522:4. The
501:3. The
480:2. The
468:1. The
440:angiosperm
347:, used in
335:ornamental
331:Schefflera
329:(formerly
290:Araliaceae
278:nom. cons.
221:Araliaceae
37:Araliaceae
5162:FloraBase
4954:Adoxaceae
4923:Bruniales
4855:Asterales
4724:Lamiaceae
4583:Solanales
4565:Vahliales
4517:Rubiaceae
4486:Garryales
4415:Ericaceae
4360:Ebenaceae
4297:Cornaceae
4282:Loasaceae
4267:Nyssaceae
4204:Olacaceae
4186:Cactaceae
4121:Aizoaceae
4096:Limeaceae
3933:Meliaceae
3837:Myrtaceae
3789:Cistaceae
3769:Malvaceae
3416:Violaceae
3321:Ochnaceae
3296:Pandaceae
2767:Sabiaceae
2759:Proteales
2657:Juncaceae
2622:Typhaceae
2599:Costaceae
2589:Cannaceae
2574:Lowiaceae
2513:Arecaceae
2470:Iridaceae
2430:Boryaceae
2407:Liliaceae
2177:Acoraceae
2109:Lauraceae
2000:Piperales
1838:Bryophyta
1469:2045-2322
1389:126229888
1248:2045-2322
926:Sinopanax
864:Polyscias
857:Plerandra
833:Osmoxylon
826:Oreopanax
819:Oplopanax
791:Metapanax
756:Kalopanax
505:Polyscias
364:, simple
145:Kingdom:
25:Arecaceae
5418:araliace
5403:VicFlora
5392:VASCAN:
5385:42000272
5380:Tropicos
5067:Wikidata
5033:Category
4807:Apiaceae
4729:Mazaceae
4639:Oleaceae
4621:Lamiales
4370:Theaceae
4307:Ericales
4259:Cornales
4249:Asterids
4106:Kewaceae
3923:Rutaceae
3809:Myrtales
3784:Bixaceae
3746:Malvales
3587:Bataceae
3456:Linaceae
3441:Peraceae
3227:Moraceae
3217:Ulmaceae
3192:Rosaceae
3149:Fagaceae
3116:Fabaceae
3025:Vitaceae
2952:Iteaceae
2749:Buxaceae
2732:Eudicots
2584:Musaceae
2500:Arecales
2354:Liliales
2169:Acorales
2159:Monocots
2071:Laurales
1738:: 30โ31.
1717:19549570
1634:21708608
1613:(1997).
1611:Soltis P
1607:Soltis D
1592:30923673
1561:Archived
1487:28687778
1288:Archived
1266:28687778
1190:Archived
1106:See also
940:Trevesia
812:Neopanax
714:Frodinia
671:Cussonia
601:Anakasia
548:Apiaceae
544:Apiaceae
516:Cussonia
470:Greater
452:Asterids
400:H. helix
391:), ivy (
355:Overview
259:J.Agardh
248:Synonyms
240:See text
217:Family:
201:Asterids
188:Eudicots
5073:Q193335
4769:Apiales
4435:Lamiids
3534:Malvids
3489:Huaceae
3184:Rosales
3136:Fagales
3103:Fabales
3017:Vitales
2741:Buxales
2687:Poaceae
2195:Araceae
2154:Lilidae
1697:Bibcode
1478:5501832
1449:Bibcode
1257:5501832
1228:Bibcode
891:Raukaua
721:Gamblea
556:Apiales
473:Raukaua
460:Apiales
448:Apiales
405:ginseng
383:), the
370:endemic
362:carpels
345:ginseng
211:Apiales
207:Order:
149:Plantae
21:Araceae
5444:594776
5333:524079
5317:NZOR:
5271:114031
3040:Fabids
3007:Rosids
2614:Poales
1819:APG IV
1715:
1632:
1590:
1485:
1475:
1467:
1387:
1377:
1327:
1317:
1264:
1254:
1246:
1182:
784:Meryta
735:Hedera
707:Fatsia
608:Aralia
489:Aralia
444:APG IV
416:Laurus
394:Hedera
366:umbels
320:Fatsia
314:Hedera
306:umbels
298:genera
5439:WoRMS
5354:Plazi
5346:55740
5284:29371
5266:IRMNG
5245:52849
5206:10058
5188:FoAO2
5180:10058
5167:22883
5154:1ARLF
5102:54690
1832:Plant
1641:(PDF)
1618:(PDF)
1193:(PDF)
1176:(PDF)
840:Panax
495:Panax
410:Panax
268:Drude
226:Juss.
195:Clade
182:Clade
169:Clade
156:Clade
5367:POWO
5310:4050
5305:NCBI
5279:ITIS
5253:IPNI
5227:GRIN
5219:8800
5214:GBIF
5149:EPPO
5141:5432
5110:ATRF
5097:APNI
1713:PMID
1630:PMID
1588:OCLC
1569:2018
1483:PMID
1465:ISSN
1385:OCLC
1375:ISBN
1325:OCLC
1315:ISBN
1296:2018
1262:PMID
1244:ISSN
1201:2023
1180:ISBN
575:and
550:and
492:and
288:The
272:Hyl.
48:Pre๊
5426:WFO
5292:NBN
5201:FoC
5175:FNA
5136:EoL
5128:6MC
5123:CoL
1776:in
1705:doi
1668:doi
1664:144
1514:doi
1473:PMC
1457:doi
1416:doi
1412:181
1352:doi
1252:PMC
1236:doi
1151:hdl
1141:doi
1137:161
23:or
5463::
5441::
5428::
5405::
5395:87
5382::
5369::
5356::
5343::
5330::
5307::
5294::
5281::
5268::
5255::
5242::
5232:87
5229::
5216::
5203::
5190::
5177::
5164::
5151::
5138::
5125::
5112::
5099::
5084::
5069::
1736:58
1734:.
1711:.
1703:.
1693:53
1691:.
1662:.
1658:.
1626:84
1624:.
1620:.
1609:,
1559:.
1555:.
1539:26
1537:.
1510:54
1508:.
1504:.
1481:.
1471:.
1463:.
1455:.
1443:.
1439:.
1410:.
1406:.
1383:.
1348:83
1346:.
1323:.
1286:.
1282:.
1260:.
1250:.
1242:.
1234:.
1222:.
1218:.
1188:.
1149:,
1135:,
873:,
698:ร
462:.
426:,
351:.
308:.
275:,
270:)
197::
184::
171::
158::
98:Pg
2161:)
2157:(
1834::
1821:)
1817:(
1806:e
1799:t
1792:v
1719:.
1707::
1699::
1676:.
1670::
1594:.
1571:.
1522:.
1516::
1489:.
1459::
1451::
1445:7
1424:.
1418::
1391:.
1358:.
1354::
1331:.
1298:.
1268:.
1238::
1230::
1224:7
1203:.
1153::
1143::
986:โ
846:โ
573:,
567:,
507:-
497:.
407:(
387:(
379:(
266:(
103:N
93:K
88:J
83:T
78:P
73:C
68:D
63:S
58:O
53:๊
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
