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Beginning in
Britain, industrialization in the 19th century brought urbanization, with wealth increasingly concentrated in the cities, which absorbed political power. However, as late as 1900, aristocrats maintained political dominance in Britain, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Austria and Russia, but it
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describes an aristocracy as a commonwealth in which the representative of the citizens is an assembly by part only. It is a system in which only a small part of the population represents the government; "certain men distinguished from the rest". Modern depictions of aristocracy tend to regard it not
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would actually have been forbidden, unless the rulers' children performed best and were better endowed with the attributes that make a person fit to rule compared with every other citizen in the polity. Hereditary rule in this understanding is more related to
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475c) and supports the idea with the analogy of a captain and his ship or a doctor and his medicine. According to him, sailing and health are not things that everyone is qualified to practice by nature. A large part of the
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Aristocracies dominated political and economic power for most of the medieval and modern periods almost everywhere in Europe, using their wealth and land ownership to form a powerful political force. The
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in the 1790s forced many French aristocrats into exile and caused consternation and shock in the aristocratic families of neighbouring countries. After the defeat of
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by the communists. After 1900, liberal and socialist governments levied heavy taxes on landowners, spelling their loss of economic power.
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or other political unit. The Greeks did not like the concept of monarchy, and as their democratic system fell, aristocracy was upheld.
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considered aristocracy (the ideal form of rule by the few) to be inherently better than the ideal form of rule by the many (
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had the effect of dramatically reducing the power of aristocrats in all major countries. In Russia, aristocrats were
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in 1814, some of the surviving exiles returned, but their position within French society was not recovered.
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Bengtsson, Erik, et al. "Aristocratic wealth and inequality in a changing society: Sweden, 1750–1900."
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Liu, Jia. "Study on the
Decline of the British Aristocracy from the Perspective of Modernization."
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of government, along with democracy and monarchy in their conception from then, as a system of
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understanding has been taken up by the modern concepts that can be loosely equivalent to
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in which a council of leading citizens was commonly empowered. That was contrasted with
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involved the first sustained organised effort to reduce aristocratic power in Europe.
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attempted to use money to buy into the aristocracy, with some success. However, the
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2018 4th
International Conference on Economics, Management and Humanities Science
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Women, Rank, and
Marriage in the British Aristocracy, 1485–2000: An Open Elite?
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2699:. Plato describes "philosopher kings" as "those who love the sight of truth" (
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2570:, rule by an individual. The term was first used by such ancient Greeks as
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This article is about the form of government. For the social class, see
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in which a council of citizens was appointed as the "senate" of a
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as the ancient Greek concept of rule by the best, but more as an
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used the concept of aristocracy to describe his conception of a
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In contrast to its original conceptual drawing by
Aristotle in
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2986:"The Roman Republic Compared with Others, Book VI, Section 43"
2485:, a seventeenth-century English aristocrat and politician.
2631:, where each element checks the excesses of the other.
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that places power in the hands of a small, privileged
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2951:The Polity of the Athenians and the Lacedaemonians
2971:The Parallel Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans
3039:The social origins of dictatorship and democracy
3054:The decline and fall of the British aristocracy
2714:should be set up to produce philosopher kings.
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66:List of countries by system of government
3012:. Digireads.com Publishing. p. 81.
2691:The concept of aristocracy according to
6314:Reflections on the Revolution in France
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679:
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574:
497:
454:
376:
308:
261:
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2562:At the time of the word's origins in
7:
6424:The End of History and the Last Man
6334:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2513: 'rule of the best'; from
3419:
25:
3094:, Oxford University Press, 1997,
2688:—rule by the few or the wealthy.
6394:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4421:
4420:
3135:
2766:In the 18th century, the rising
2695:has an ideal state ruled by the
2432:
2420:
880:
818:
5201:Family as a model for the state
3123:Aristocracy in the Modern World
3082:Scandinavian Journal of History
2863:. December 1989. Archived from
6551:Separation of church and state
6449:Collectivism and individualism
6404:The Origins of Totalitarianism
4062:
2547: 'power, strength') is a
527:Intergovernmental organisation
482:Separation of church and state
1:
6591:Category:Political philosophy
6464:Critique of political economy
6489:Institutional discrimination
6484:History of political thought
5216:Negative and positive rights
324:(socio-political ideologies)
6499:Justification for the state
6284:Two Treatises of Government
3125:, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
392:(socio-economic ideologies)
62:List of forms of government
36:Aristocrat (disambiguation)
6643:
5169:Bellum omnium contra omnes
3268:Weberian (three-component)
3150:at Encyclopædia Britannica
3037:Moore, Barrington (1966).
2533:
2516:
2499:
1823:Traditionalist Catholicism
29:
6586:
4416:
4082:
4069:
4056:
3426:
3413:
3226:
3197:
3052:Cannadine, David (1990).
2860:Oxford English Dictionary
2530: 'best' and
513:(geo-cultural ideologies)
6612:Ancient Greek government
6374:The Revolt of the Masses
4390:Pre-industrial East Asia
2660:representative democracy
2483:1st Earl of Boilingbroke
2311:Catholic social teaching
6354:The Communist Manifesto
5280:Tyranny of the majority
5191:Consent of the governed
3438:Administrative detainee
2788:imprisoned and murdered
2710:then addresses how the
2654:The concept evolved in
2615:in his analysis of the
2427:Conservatism portal
2249:Conservative liberalism
1095:Family as a state model
776:Administrative division
720:International relations
5231:
5181:Clash of civilizations
5167:
3854:
3140:Quotations related to
2967:"The Life of Lycurgus"
2486:
1074:
34:. For other uses, see
5196:Divine right of kings
4395:Pre-industrial Europe
2480:
2326:Hispanic conservatism
2316:Conservative feminism
1840:Traditionalist School
786:Democratic transition
649:Self-governing colony
246:Military dictatorship
6344:Democracy in America
5723:political philosophy
5706:political philosophy
5521:political philosophy
5350:political philosophy
5260:Separation of powers
5221:Night-watchman state
5206:Monopoly on violence
4740:Political philosophy
4626:Hungary and Slovakia
4547:Austria and Slovenia
4252: or countries
4063:By country or region
3301:Class discrimination
3084:44.1 (2019): 27–52.
2830:Nicolás Gómez Dávila
2402:Small-c conservative
2289:Anti-gender movement
6534:Right-wing politics
6414:A Theory of Justice
6384:The Road to Serfdom
6304:The Social Contract
5011:Christian democracy
3784:Vanniar (Chieftain)
3114:Schutte, Kimberly.
2724:classical antiquity
2629:checks and balances
2439:Politics portal
2375:Right-wing politics
1806:Jewish conservatism
1781:Christian democracy
1247:Social institutions
1022:Collective identity
1017:Class collaboration
825:Politics portal
710:Supranational union
619:Dependent territory
532:National government
32:Aristocracy (class)
6546:Political violence
6541:Political theology
6524:Left-wing politics
6519:Political spectrum
4567:Estonia and Latvia
4476:Present monarchies
4468:Nobility of Europe
4365:18th-century Spain
4219:Standard of living
3923:Upper middle class
3918:Lower middle class
3509:Political prisoner
3291:Chattering classes
3263:Spoon class theory
3006:(1 January 2010).
2736:merchant republics
2712:educational system
2640:aristocratic class
2617:Roman Constitution
2549:form of government
2487:
2299:Black conservatism
2228:Related ideologies
1818:Theravada Buddhism
1211:Organised religion
1115:Complementarianism
27:Form of government
6599:
6598:
6509:Philosophy of law
6454:Conflict theories
6294:The Spirit of Law
6201:
6200:
5250:Original position
4706:
4705:
4529:Former monarchies
4434:
4433:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4245:
4244:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
3946:Lumpenproletariat
3448:illegal immigrant
3409:
3408:
3321:Classless society
3118:(Springer, 2014).
3100:978-0-19-866176-4
3019:978-1-4209-3699-5
2772:French Revolution
2761:English Civil War
2669:In his 1651 book
2475:
2474:
2338:LGBT conservatism
2321:Conservative wave
1983:National variants
1852:Personal variants
1811:Religious Zionism
1027:Cultural heritage
1000:Ancestral worship
859:
858:
810:
809:
781:Democracy indices
756:
755:
559:
558:
368:Semi-presidential
293:
292:
16:(Redirected from
6634:
6514:Political ethics
6504:Machiavellianism
6444:Authoritarianism
6429:
6419:
6409:
6399:
6389:
6379:
6369:
6359:
6349:
6339:
6329:
6319:
6309:
6299:
6289:
6279:
6269:
6259:
6249:
6239:
6229:
6219:
5295:
5236:
5172:
5162:Balance of power
5136:Social democracy
5131:Social Darwinism
5106:Multiculturalism
5051:Environmentalism
5026:Communitarianism
4733:
4726:
4719:
4710:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4438:
4424:
4423:
4251:
4152:Mexican-American
4080:
4071:
4058:
3859:
3802:Business magnate
3692:Knowledge worker
3577:
3465:dual or multiple
3428:
3415:
3369:Social exclusion
3364:Social cleansing
3278:
3228:
3217:Economic classes
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3139:
3121:Wasson, Ellis.
3068:
3067:
3056:. Anchor Books.
3049:
3043:
3042:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2928:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2867:on June 29, 2011
2851:
2734:or aristocratic
2697:philosopher king
2544:
2537:
2527:
2520:
2510:
2503:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2437:
2436:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2380:Authoritarianism
2331:in United States
2294:Anti-immigration
2244:Communitarianism
2239:Clerical fascism
1485:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
1242:Social hierarchy
1164:Moral absolutism
1079:
884:
861:
851:
844:
837:
823:
822:
770:
614:Associated state
572:
547:Internationalism
537:World government
514:
393:
325:
306:
280:Free association
267:
228:
147:
90:
78:
41:
21:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6582:
6571:Totalitarianism
6432:
6427:
6417:
6407:
6397:
6387:
6377:
6367:
6357:
6347:
6337:
6327:
6317:
6307:
6297:
6287:
6277:
6267:
6257:
6247:
6244:Treatise on Law
6237:
6227:
6217:
6197:
5855:
5849:
5588:
5582:
5468:
5462:
5381:
5284:
5270:State of nature
5265:Social contract
5245:Ordered liberty
5233:Noblesse oblige
5150:
4984:
4913:
4742:
4737:
4707:
4702:
4523:
4470:
4465:
4435:
4430:
4404:
4353:
4241:
4213:
4180:
4164:Underprivileged
4106:
4065:
4064:
4040:
3970:
3927:
3887:
3869:
3788:
3706:
3666:
3568:
3523:
3422:
3421:
3405:
3384:Social position
3374:Social mobility
3272:
3222:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3132:
3077:
3075:Further reading
3072:
3071:
3064:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3020:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2930:
2929:
2920:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2853:
2852:
2843:
2838:
2796:
2784:First World War
2756:
2738:. Its original
2720:
2718:Differentiation
2652:
2580:hereditary rule
2471:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2229:
2221:
2220:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1786:Christian right
1776:
1768:
1767:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1232:Public morality
1227:Property rights
1201:Ordered liberty
1076:Noblesse oblige
1037:Culture of life
1032:Cultural values
995:
987:
986:
892:
855:
817:
812:
811:
798:Democratisation
791:Autocratization
767:
759:
758:
757:
714:
675:
654:Tributary state
644:Satellite state
599:
569:
568:Power structure
561:
560:
512:
511:
493:
464:
450:
441:Totalitarianism
391:
390:
372:
323:
322:
303:
295:
294:
289:
265:
257:
222:
214:
145:
137:
84:
75:
74:Source of power
52:Basic forms of
46:Politics series
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6640:
6638:
6630:
6629:
6624:
6622:Social classes
6619:
6614:
6604:
6603:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6593:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6561:Social justice
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6469:Egalitarianism
6466:
6461:
6459:Contractualism
6456:
6451:
6446:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6410:
6400:
6390:
6380:
6370:
6360:
6350:
6340:
6330:
6320:
6310:
6300:
6290:
6280:
6270:
6260:
6250:
6240:
6230:
6220:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6202:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5859:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5301:
5299:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5255:Overton window
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5164:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5086:Libertarianism
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4514:United Kingdom
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4385:Ottoman Empire
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:Ancient Greece
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4344:United Kingdom
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4237:Home-ownership
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:American Dream
4089:
4083:
4077:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4005:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3897:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3676:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3585:
3583:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3504:Migrant worker
3501:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3424:
3423:
3420:By demographic
3418:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3400:Status Anxiety
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3354:Ranked society
3351:
3346:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3296:Class conflict
3293:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3279: topics
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Mudsill theory
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3131:
3130:External links
3128:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3102:
3090:Cannon, John.
3088:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3044:
3029:
3018:
3004:Hobbes, Thomas
2995:
2976:
2957:
2940:
2918:
2898:
2878:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2768:merchant class
2755:
2752:
2719:
2716:
2656:ancient Greece
2651:
2648:
2564:ancient Greece
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2429:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2363:Patriarchalism
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2277:Anti-communism
2273:
2271:Related topics
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:Ordoliberalism
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2211:United Kingdom
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1833:Ultramontanism
1830:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
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1765:
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1497:
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1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
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1457:
1452:
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1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:State religion
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1107:
1105:Fundamentalism
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1002:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
985:
984:
979:
977:Traditionalist
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
890:
889:
886:
885:
877:
876:
870:
869:
857:
856:
854:
853:
846:
839:
831:
828:
827:
814:
813:
808:
807:
806:
805:
803:Hybrid regimes
800:
795:
794:
793:
783:
778:
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
754:
753:
752:
751:
746:
741:
736:
734:Regional power
731:
723:
722:
716:
715:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
684:
683:
677:
676:
674:
673:
668:
663:
656:
651:
646:
641:
639:Puppet monarch
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
608:
607:
601:
600:
598:
597:
592:
587:
579:
578:
570:
567:
566:
563:
562:
557:
556:
555:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
516:
515:
510:
509:
504:
498:
495:
494:
492:
491:
490:
489:
484:
474:
472:State religion
466:
465:
463:
462:
459:
455:
452:
451:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
395:
394:
389:
388:
383:
377:
374:
373:
371:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
343:Constitutional
340:
335:
327:
326:
321:
320:
315:
309:
304:
302:Power ideology
301:
300:
297:
296:
291:
290:
288:
287:
282:
277:
269:
268:
266:(rule by none)
259:
258:
256:
255:
250:
249:
248:
238:
230:
229:
216:
215:
213:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
149:
148:
139:
138:
136:
135:
130:
125:
120:
118:Representative
115:
110:
105:
100:
92:
91:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
57:
56:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6639:
6628:
6627:Social groups
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:Jurisprudence
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6426:
6425:
6421:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6396:
6395:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6381:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6326:
6325:
6324:Rights of Man
6321:
6316:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6286:
6285:
6281:
6276:
6275:
6271:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6256:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6245:
6241:
6236:
6235:
6234:De re publica
6231:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6216:
6215:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5854:20th and 21st
5852:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:18th and 19th
5585:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5443:Nizam al-Mulk
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5126:Republicanism
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4427:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4349:United States
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:Other regions
4248:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4075:United States
4072:
4068:
4059:
4055:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:Socioeconomic
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Social stigma
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Social orphan
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:Nouveau riche
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3311:Class traitor
3309:
3307:
3306:Class society
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3243:Gilbert model
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3063:9780385421034
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3033:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2990:The Histories
2987:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:The Statesman
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:"Aristocracy"
2850:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
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2798:
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2769:
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2725:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2677:Thomas Hobbes
2674:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2595:, Aristotle,
2594:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
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2546:
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2536:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2494:Ancient Greek
2491:
2484:
2479:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2440:
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2400:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Right realism
2368:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
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2329:
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2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
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2312:
2309:
2305:
2304:United States
2302:
2301:
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2297:
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2287:
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2280:
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2278:
2275:
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2268:
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2260:
2257:
2255:
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2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:United States
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
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2187:
2184:
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2179:
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2174:
2172:
2169:
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2159:
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2149:
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2139:
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2109:
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2079:
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2069:
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2064:
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2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1910:
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1903:
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1900:
1896:
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1869:
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1401:
1398:
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1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Chateaubriand
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:Intellectuals
1286:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Law and order
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1100:Family values
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1085:Ethical order
1083:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
991:
990:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
942:Paternalistic
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
897:Authoritarian
895:
894:
888:
887:
883:
879:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
852:
847:
845:
840:
838:
833:
832:
830:
829:
826:
821:
816:
815:
804:
801:
799:
796:
792:
789:
788:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
771:
763:
762:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
725:
724:
721:
717:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
690:Confederation
688:
687:
686:
685:
682:
678:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
609:
606:
602:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
585:Unitary state
583:
582:
581:
580:
577:
573:
565:
564:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
496:
488:
487:State atheism
485:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:Secular state
475:
473:
470:
469:
468:
467:
460:
457:
456:
453:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
387:
384:
382:
381:Authoritarian
379:
378:
375:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Parliamentary
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
330:
329:
328:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
307:
299:
298:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
270:
264:
260:
254:
251:
247:
244:
243:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
232:
231:
226:
221:
217:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
146:(rule by few)
144:
140:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
95:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
71:
70:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
50:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6575:
6474:Elite theory
6422:
6412:
6402:
6392:
6382:
6372:
6362:
6352:
6342:
6332:
6322:
6312:
6302:
6292:
6282:
6272:
6262:
6252:
6242:
6232:
6222:
6212:
5511:Guicciardini
5467:Early modern
5290:Philosophers
5240:Open society
5176:Body politic
5046:Distributism
5036:Conservatism
5031:Confucianism
4950:Gerontocracy
4940:Dictatorship
4924:
4894:Sovereignty
4884:Ruling class
4774:Emancipation
4759:Citizenship
4619:Early Modern
4519:Vatican City
4400:Soviet Union
4375:Ancient Rome
4232:Homelessness
4157:Upper Middle
4029: /
4010: /
4001: /
3966:Working poor
3862:
3849:Robber baron
3672:Intellectual
3662:Royal family
3626:Ancient Rome
3480:second-class
3398:
3341:
3340: /
3335:
3331:High society
3238:Elite theory
3215:
3208:
3201:
3188:Social class
3144:at Wikiquote
3122:
3115:
3105:
3091:
3081:
3053:
3047:
3038:
3032:
3024:Google Books
3022:– via
3008:
2998:
2989:
2979:
2970:
2960:
2950:
2943:
2933:
2912:The Republic
2911:
2891:
2871:December 22,
2869:. Retrieved
2865:the original
2858:
2780:
2765:
2757:
2721:
2707:
2700:
2690:
2670:
2668:
2653:
2636:modern times
2633:
2561:
2553:ruling class
2541:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2514:
2508:aristokratíā
2507:
2504:
2501:ἀριστοκρατίᾱ
2497:
2489:
2488:
2353:Para-fascism
2282:White Terror
1911:
1906:Maurrassisme
1904:
1897:
1858:Berlusconism
1791:Confucianism
1500:Solzhenitsyn
1490:Gómez Dávila
1272:Subsidiarity
1252:Social order
1110:Gender roles
1063:
874:Conservatism
739:Middle power
666:Vassal state
660:Buffer state
658:
634:Puppet state
629:Protectorate
605:Client state
595:Principality
421:Distributism
363:Presidential
241:Dictatorship
165:Gerontocracy
159:
87:rule by many
60:
44:Part of the
6348:(1835–1840)
6228:(c. 350 BC)
6218:(c. 375 BC)
5835:Tocqueville
5800:Saint-Simon
5765:Montesquieu
5616:Bolingbroke
5548:Machiavelli
5428:Ibn Khaldun
5393:Alpharabius
5386:Middle Ages
5211:Natural law
5186:Common good
5111:Nationalism
5071:Imperialism
5041:Corporatism
5016:Colonialism
4996:Agrarianism
4975:Technocracy
4955:Meritocracy
4935:Bureaucracy
4925:Aristocracy
4686:Switzerland
4494:Netherlands
4319:New Zealand
4036:Untouchable
3961:Proletariat
3951:Pea-pickers
3901:Bourgeoisie
3589:Aristocracy
3475:naturalized
3470:native-born
3148:Aristocracy
3142:Aristocracy
2889:Aristotle.
2810:Meritocracy
2748:technocracy
2744:meritocracy
2557:aristocrats
2490:Aristocracy
2254:Corporatism
2234:Agrarianism
2196:South Korea
2191:Switzerland
2141:New Zealand
2136:Netherlands
1961:Thatcherism
1929:Pinochetism
1828:Integralism
1547:Politicians
1365:Tocqueville
1330:Czartoryski
1267:Stewardship
1257:Sovereignty
1237:Rule of law
1179:Natural law
1174:Nationalism
1147:Maternalism
1132:Imperialism
1090:Familialism
1069:Meritocracy
1064:Aristocracy
1010:Traditional
962:Reactionary
957:Progressive
927:Libertarian
902:Corporatist
744:Great power
729:Small power
671:Viceroyalty
542:Nationalism
406:Colonialism
386:Libertarian
348:Directorial
225:rule by one
205:Technocracy
200:Stratocracy
180:Meritocracy
170:Kleptocracy
160:Aristocracy
18:Aristocrats
6606:Categories
6556:Separatism
6364:On Liberty
6264:The Prince
5993:Huntington
5496:Campanella
5423:al-Ghazali
5372:Thucydides
5330:Lactantius
5275:Statolatry
5101:Monarchism
5081:Liberalism
5006:Capitalism
4989:Ideologies
4970:Plutocracy
4918:Government
4874:Revolution
4859:Propaganda
4809:Legitimacy
4784:Government
4656:Montenegro
4309:Luxembourg
4199:Inequality
3864:Superclass
3655:Hereditary
3631:Post-Roman
3622:Patrician
3492:adolescent
3316:Classicide
2984:Polybius.
2965:Plutarch.
2948:Xenophon.
2836:References
2732:monarchies
2686:plutocracy
2664:city state
2625:mixed form
2599:, and the
2492:(from
2358:Patriarchy
2121:Luxembourg
1999:Bangladesh
1944:Khomeinism
1888:Fujimorism
1878:Erdoğanism
1868:Cameronism
1628:De Gasperi
1593:Mannerheim
1568:Metternich
1410:Jabotinsky
1400:Chesterton
1370:Dostoevsky
1221:Patriotism
1206:Organicism
1152:Monarchism
1049:Discipline
994:Principles
749:Superpower
705:Superstate
700:Federation
695:Devolution
681:Federalism
522:City-state
195:Plutocracy
190:Particracy
54:government
6617:Oligarchy
6274:Leviathan
6254:Monarchia
6248:(c. 1274)
6083:Oakeshott
6028:Mansfield
6023:Luxemburg
6008:Kropotkin
5903:Bernstein
5856:centuries
5770:Nietzsche
5713:Jefferson
5641:Condorcet
5589:centuries
5568:Pufendorf
5433:Marsilius
5320:Confucius
5305:Aristotle
5298:Antiquity
5226:Noble lie
5146:Third Way
5141:Socialism
5066:Feudalism
5021:Communism
5001:Anarchism
4980:Theocracy
4965:Oligarchy
4945:Democracy
4930:Autocracy
4844:Pluralism
4829:Obedience
4794:Hierarchy
4754:Authority
4646:Lithuania
4334:Sri Lanka
4227:Education
4194:Household
4087:Affluence
4022:Rat tribe
3984:Ant tribe
3956:Precariat
3941:Lazzaroni
3883:Bohemians
3844:Overclass
3839:Old money
3775:Spartiate
3750:Kshatriya
3740:Hashashin
3697:Professor
3638:Political
3611:Oligarchy
3601:Hanseaten
3519:Stateless
3499:Convicted
3431:By status
3394:Subaltern
3326:Euthenics
3258:New class
3009:Leviathan
2825:Timocracy
2820:Old money
2740:classical
2682:oligarchy
2672:Leviathan
2644:democracy
2585:oligarchy
2572:Aristotle
2181:Singapore
2081:Guatemala
2034:Hong Kong
1989:Australia
1956:Sarkozysm
1951:Reaganism
1924:Powellism
1883:Francoism
1873:Chiangism
1753:Bolsonaro
1738:Netanyahu
1733:Kaczyński
1643:De Gaulle
1618:Churchill
1583:Salisbury
1525:Mansfield
1505:Koselleck
1465:Oakeshott
1335:Coleridge
1277:Tradition
1216:Orthodoxy
1122:Historism
1005:Authority
967:Religious
952:Pragmatic
576:Unitarism
552:Globalism
458:Religious
446:Tribalism
436:Socialism
431:Feudalism
416:Despotism
411:Communism
401:Anarchism
338:Communist
285:Stateless
275:Anarchism
236:Despotism
220:Autocracy
210:Theocracy
175:Kritarchy
143:Oligarchy
128:Socialist
82:Democracy
6529:Centrism
6224:Politics
6214:Republic
6183:Voegelin
6163:Spengler
6148:Shariati
6123:Rothbard
6078:Nussbaum
5978:Habermas
5953:Fukuyama
5943:Foucault
5868:Ambedkar
5845:Voltaire
5815:de Staël
5790:Rousseau
5671:Franklin
5646:Constant
5606:Beccaria
5438:Muhammad
5418:Gelasius
5403:Averroes
5377:Xenophon
5357:Polybius
5310:Chanakya
5155:Concepts
5121:Populism
5091:Localism
5076:Islamism
5061:Feminism
4960:Monarchy
4864:Property
4854:Progress
4819:Monopoly
4789:Hegemony
4666:Portugal
4614:Medieval
4426:Category
4358:Historic
4279:Colombia
4269:Cambodia
4204:Personal
4102:Mobility
4031:Freedman
4017:Plebeian
4003:Prisoner
3989:Commoner
3875:Creative
3856:Seigneur
3822:Nobility
3780:Vanniyar
3765:Pendekar
3725:Cossacks
3359:Snobbery
3231:Theories
3108:(2018).
2892:Politics
2815:Nobility
2794:See also
2776:Napoleon
2728:nobility
2708:Republic
2702:Republic
2621:republic
2613:Polybius
2609:mob rule
2605:politeia
2601:Spartans
2597:Xenophon
2593:Socrates
2568:monarchy
2348:Nativism
2151:Pakistan
2126:Malaysia
2046:Colombia
1966:Trumpism
1934:Putinism
1919:Metaxism
1913:Mellismo
1893:Gaullism
1863:Bukelism
1801:Islamism
1796:Hindutva
1775:Religion
1723:Fujimori
1713:Thatcher
1708:Vajpayee
1673:Pinochet
1658:Khomeini
1648:Dollfuss
1623:Adenauer
1578:Bismarck
1573:Disraeli
1535:Peterson
1475:Lefebvre
1460:Voegelin
1430:Mannheim
1415:Savarkar
1405:Spengler
1340:Karamzin
1169:Natalism
1157:Royalism
1042:Pro-Life
947:Populist
937:National
932:Moderate
907:Cultural
891:Variants
866:a series
864:Part of
624:Dominion
353:Legalist
333:Absolute
318:Republic
313:Monarchy
185:Noocracy
155:Anocracy
108:Economic
98:Demarchy
6566:Statism
6479:Elitism
6437:Related
6238:(51 BC)
6168:Strauss
6143:Scruton
6138:Schmitt
6128:Russell
6048:Michels
6043:Maurras
6038:Marcuse
5998:Kautsky
5968:Gramsci
5963:Gentile
5933:Dworkin
5923:Du Bois
5918:Dmowski
5913:Chomsky
5908:Burnham
5893:Benoist
5863:Agamben
5830:Thoreau
5820:Stirner
5810:Spencer
5755:Mazzini
5745:Maistre
5740:Madison
5735:Le Play
5666:Fourier
5631:Carlyle
5611:Bentham
5601:Bastiat
5596:Bakunin
5573:Spinoza
5563:Müntzer
5533:Leibniz
5506:Grotius
5486:Bossuet
5453:Plethon
5398:Aquinas
5367:Sun Tzu
5335:Mencius
5325:Han Fei
5096:Marxism
5056:Fascism
4889:Society
4814:Liberty
4799:Justice
4779:Freedom
4696:Galicia
4691:Ukraine
4671:Romania
4636:Ireland
4631:Iceland
4602:Ancient
4598:Greece
4594:Germany
4589:Georgia
4572:Finland
4562:Croatia
4552:Bohemia
4542:Armenia
4537:Albania
4489:Denmark
4484:Belgium
4329:Romania
4324:Nigeria
4209:Poverty
4112:Classes
4097:History
4008:Peasant
3994:Outcast
3933:Working
3913:Burgher
3770:Samurai
3760:Ocēlōtl
3720:Chhetri
3712:Warrior
3702:Scholar
3616:Russian
3606:Magnate
3594:Aristoi
3573:By type
3460:Citizen
3453:refugee
3349:Poverty
3343:Parvenu
3277:Related
3248:Marxian
3210:Stratum
3092:History
2931:Plato.
2909:Plato.
2800:Elitism
2754:History
2650:Concept
2525:áristos
2518:ἄριστος
2407:Toryism
2395:Radical
2206:Ukraine
2091:Iceland
2086:Hungary
2071:Germany
2061:Finland
2056:Denmark
2004:Belgium
1994:Austria
1939:Qutbism
1899:Janismo
1693:Suharto
1638:Salazar
1613:Metaxas
1603:Maurras
1598:Baldwin
1588:Dmowski
1563:Canning
1530:Scruton
1515:Buckley
1510:Mishima
1470:Burnham
1445:Strauss
1420:Schmitt
1350:Carlyle
1345:Savigny
1315:Maistre
1295:Johnson
1189:Customs
1142:Loyalty
1059:Elitism
922:Liberal
766:Related
461:Secular
426:Fascism
263:Anarchy
253:Tyranny
113:Liberal
6428:(1992)
6418:(1971)
6408:(1951)
6398:(1945)
6388:(1944)
6378:(1929)
6368:(1859)
6358:(1848)
6338:(1820)
6328:(1791)
6318:(1790)
6308:(1762)
6298:(1748)
6288:(1689)
6278:(1651)
6268:(1532)
6258:(1313)
6188:Walzer
6178:Taylor
6133:Sartre
6098:Popper
6093:Pareto
6088:Ortega
6073:Nozick
6063:Mouffe
6013:Laclau
5973:Guénon
5958:Gandhi
5898:Berlin
5888:Bauman
5883:Badiou
5873:Arendt
5840:Tucker
5730:Le Bon
5691:Herder
5681:Haller
5676:Godwin
5661:Fichte
5656:Engels
5651:Cortés
5621:Bonald
5578:Suárez
5553:Milton
5543:Luther
5516:Hobbes
5501:Filmer
5491:Calvin
5476:Boétie
5469:period
5448:Ockham
5315:Cicero
5116:Nazism
4904:Utopia
4879:Rights
4869:Regime
4839:People
4824:Nation
4681:Serbia
4676:Russia
4661:Poland
4607:Attica
4582:Empire
4577:France
4557:Bosnia
4509:Sweden
4499:Norway
4284:France
4264:Belize
4259:Africa
4186:Income
4142:Middle
4135:Gentry
3999:Outlaw
3906:Petite
3893:Middle
3827:Landed
3812:Gentry
3745:Knight
3685:Priest
3680:Clergy
3643:Family
3581:Ruling
3530:collar
3487:Clique
3203:Status
3110:Online
3098:
3086:Online
3060:
3016:
2805:Gentry
2730:as in
2555:, the
2542:krátos
2535:κράτος
2343:NatCon
2201:Turkey
2186:Sweden
2176:Serbia
2171:Russia
2166:Poland
2156:Panama
2146:Norway
2131:Mexico
2106:Israel
2076:Greece
2066:France
2039:Taiwan
2019:Canada
2014:Brazil
2009:Belize
1971:Ziaism
1763:Meloni
1678:Marcos
1668:Powell
1663:Reagan
1653:Franco
1633:Chiang
1608:Horthy
1520:Sowell
1455:Freyre
1435:Jünger
1390:Belloc
1385:Nordau
1380:Le Bon
1360:Newman
1320:Bonald
1225:
1127:Honour
972:Social
912:Fiscal
590:Empire
502:Global
133:Others
123:Social
103:Direct
6577:Index
6206:Works
6193:Weber
6158:Spann
6153:Sorel
6118:Röpke
6113:Rawls
6068:Negri
6058:Mosca
6053:Mises
6018:Lenin
5988:Hoppe
5983:Hayek
5948:Fromm
5938:Evola
5928:Dugin
5825:Taine
5805:Smith
5785:Renan
5780:Paine
5701:Iqbal
5686:Hegel
5636:Comte
5626:Burke
5538:Locke
5528:James
5481:Bodin
5413:Dante
5408:Bruni
5362:Shang
5345:Plato
4899:State
4849:Power
4834:Peace
4769:Elite
4747:Terms
4651:Malta
4641:Italy
4504:Spain
4380:Aztec
4339:Tibet
4314:Nepal
4304:Italy
4294:India
4289:Haiti
4274:China
4174:Under
4169:Lower
4147:Black
4130:Donor
4125:Black
4120:Upper
4027:Slave
3976:Under
3832:Petty
3807:Elite
3794:Upper
3735:Harii
3730:Cuāuh
3564:White
3544:Green
3443:Alien
3286:Caste
2693:Plato
2623:as a
2589:Plato
2576:Plato
2496:
2116:Japan
2111:Italy
2096:India
2029:China
2024:Chile
1758:Orbán
1748:Putin
1728:Trump
1688:Smith
1553:Adams
1450:Röpke
1440:Evola
1425:Eliot
1395:Iorga
1375:Taine
1355:Ranke
1305:Burke
1194:Mores
1184:Norms
982:Ultra
917:Green
507:Local
6108:Rand
6103:Qutb
6003:Kirk
5878:Aron
5795:Sade
5775:Owen
5760:Mill
5750:Marx
5718:Kant
5696:Hume
5558:More
5458:Wang
5340:Mozi
4764:Duty
4299:Iran
4012:Serf
3817:Lord
3755:Nair
3648:List
3559:Pink
3549:Grey
3539:Blue
3528:By "
3096:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3014:ISBN
2873:2009
2574:and
2481:The
2161:Peru
2101:Iran
2051:Cuba
1743:Modi
1718:Kohl
1683:Park
1558:Pitt
1495:Kirk
1480:Qutb
1310:More
1300:Hume
1054:Duty
6173:Sun
6033:Mao
4909:War
4804:Law
3554:New
2746:or
2684:or
2634:In
2390:New
2385:Far
1703:Zia
1698:Lee
6608::
2988:.
2969:.
2921:^
2901:^
2881:^
2857:.
2844:^
2750:.
2675:,
2646:.
2591:,
2559:.
868:on
4732:e
4725:t
4718:v
4460:e
4453:t
4446:v
3782:/
3532:"
3177:e
3170:t
3163:v
3066:.
3041:.
3026:.
2992:.
2973:.
2954:.
2937:.
2915:.
2895:.
2875:.
2545:)
2539:(
2528:)
2522:(
2511:)
2505:(
2466:e
2459:t
2452:v
850:e
843:t
836:v
227:)
223:(
89:)
85:(
38:.
20:)
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