1812:
2664:
1819:
125:
2658:
102:
3567:
3573:
4232:
804:
having five molars as opposed to three in all other non-monotreme australosphenidans, and having non-tribosphenic molars, meaning that monotremes and non-monotreme australosphenidans were likely unrelated. Later, Flannery and coauthors suggested that the core grouping of australosphenidans (excluding
406:
and that these groups do not share a close relationship. In 2001, Luo et al proposed the clade
Australosphenida to include monotremes as well as Jurassic and Cretaceous mammals with tribosphenic molars known from the Southern Hemisphere, based almost exclusvely on characters of the skull and lower
787:(that is, the therians and their relatives) in the northern continents. Others contend that the ausktribosphenids (two families of the Australian Cretaceous tribosphenids) in fact belong to the placentals and were therefore true tribosphenids, but unrelated to the ancestry of the monotremes.
1021:
Richard
Stephen Thompson, Rachel O'Meara, Were There Miocene Meridiolestidans? Assessing the Phylogenetic Placement of Necrolestes patagonensis and the Presence of a 40 Million Year Meridiolestidan Ghost Lineage, Article in Journal of Mammalian Evolution · September 2014 DOI:
1031:
Rebecca Pian; Michael Archer; Suzanne J. Hand; Robin M.D. Beck; Andrew Cody (2016). "The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic
Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei". Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 74:
265:
have also been considered a part of this group in its original definition and in many subsequent studies, but its relationship with the relationship with other members has been disputed by some scholars.
360:, one of the three major living groups of mammals, known from the Early Cretaceous to present of Australia-New Guinea and the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene of southern South America.
914:
Nicholas
Chimento, Frederico Agnolin, Agustin Martinelli, Mesozoic Mammals from South America: Implications for understanding early mammalian faunas from Gondwana, May 2016
368:
teeth in mammals. Living monotremes are toothless as adults, but the juvenile platypus, fossil monotremes and
Ausktribosphenida all share a pattern of three molar
794:
studies lump henosferids and aukstribosphenids alongside monotremes. However, a 2022 review of monotreme evolution noted that the most primitive monotreme
1811:
331:
of
Australia and an unnamed genus from the Mid-Cretaceous of Argentina (the latter of which was originally attributed to Ausktribosphenidae).
2663:
1186:
813:, with the group representing a paraphyletic grade, with Bishopidae more closely related to Theria than to other australosphenidans.
3772:
1098:
1042:
Flannery, Timothy F.; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Ziegler, Tim; Veatch, E. Grace; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2022-01-02).
933:
Flannery, Timothy F.; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Ziegler, Tim; Veatch, E. Grace; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2022-01-02).
1818:
124:
863:
Flannery, Timothy F.; Rich, Thomas H.; Vickers-Rich, Patricia; Veatch, E. Grace; Helgen, Kristofer M. (2022-11-01).
4222:
4323:
4328:
923:
José Bonaparte, On the phylogenetic relationships of
Vincelestes neuquenianus, Published online: 17 Sep 2008
241:. Although they have often been suggested to have acquired tribosphenic molars independently from those of
4248:
1179:
1108:
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Cifelli, Richard L.; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia (2001). "Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals".
2657:
4295:
3765:
2283:
4286:
2599:
3293:
3193:
2876:
2592:
2578:
1405:
349:
237:
of mammals, containing mammals with tribosphenic molars, known from the
Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous of
3660:
3566:
2942:
2529:
2409:
2318:
1727:
934:
864:
3333:
3132:
2986:
2790:
2536:
2394:
2255:
3531:
3453:
3413:
2993:
2979:
2883:
2840:
2571:
2550:
2543:
2485:
2142:
2121:
2009:
1768:
1734:
1313:
657:
3353:
3020:
2957:
2935:
2862:
2847:
2826:
2269:
2079:
3634:
3443:
3264:
3105:
3075:
3068:
2914:
2492:
2471:
2150:
2039:
2029:
1959:
1608:
1458:
1286:
1133:
894:
830:
403:
373:
311:
198:
119:
2833:
2564:
2218:
1989:
1482:
318:
204:
4300:
3614:
3572:
3403:
3383:
3089:
2928:
2557:
2135:
2049:
1999:
4133:
3502:
3433:
3152:
2797:
2464:
2455:
2416:
2225:
1635:
1172:
1146:
1125:
1094:
1086:
1065:
995:
956:
886:
3203:
4154:
3895:
3758:
2921:
2728:
2513:
2112:
1774:
1474:
1467:
1117:
1055:
987:
946:
876:
842:
513:
396:
369:
323:
287:
4047:
3948:
3916:
3004:
2499:
2371:
2340:
2325:
2239:
2059:
1549:
1510:
1395:
577:
478:
111:
4165:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
4144:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)
831:"Early Late Cretaceous mammals from southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz province, Argentina)"
4236:
4093:
4039:
3940:
3924:
3726:
3691:
3601:
3162:
3034:
3013:
2949:
2901:
2818:
2742:
2713:
2606:
2585:
2356:
2349:
2178:
2069:
1969:
1686:
1255:
601:
554:
4317:
4084:
3956:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3696:
3624:
3373:
3305:
3223:
2427:
2363:
1907:
1720:
1710:
1580:
898:
810:
791:
784:
780:
779:, tribosphenic molars were evolved by the Australosphenida independently of the true
643:
365:
242:
59:
829:
Martin, Thomas; Goin, Francisco J.; Schultz, Julia A.; Gelfo, Javier N. (May 2022).
4101:
4031:
3932:
3887:
3701:
3423:
3279:
3142:
3059:
3041:
2869:
2783:
2767:
2385:
2276:
2262:
1948:
1850:
1837:
1786:
1658:
1437:
1428:
1137:
384:
293:
279:
210:
1060:
1043:
951:
881:
846:
245:, this has been disputed. Fossils of australosphenidans have been found from the
4280:
4141:
4063:
3981:
3731:
3706:
3681:
3508:
3343:
3272:
3255:
3233:
3173:
3027:
2972:
2804:
2700:
2681:
2624:
2613:
2522:
2311:
2248:
2208:
2194:
2164:
2157:
2128:
2019:
1979:
1937:
1897:
1887:
1647:
1597:
796:
606:
451:
392:
380:
357:
341:
336:
216:
34:
340:, sometimes recovered as an australosphenidan (when not inversely considered a
101:
4170:
4023:
3866:
3823:
3807:
3686:
3654:
3644:
3520:
3480:
3323:
3213:
2811:
2735:
2721:
2478:
2304:
2290:
2187:
2089:
1927:
1867:
1756:
1566:
1558:
1527:
1520:
1444:
698:
495:
328:
299:
262:
258:
250:
79:
44:
4271:
1069:
999:
960:
890:
4178:
4125:
4002:
3994:
3874:
3840:
3537:
3240:
2965:
2855:
2776:
2756:
2440:
2297:
2097:
1669:
1589:
1498:
1413:
1271:
1237:
1228:
400:
254:
136:
84:
4197:(Lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
1129:
975:
974:
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Cifelli, Richard L.; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia (January 2001).
4265:
4117:
3973:
3801:
3491:
3393:
3183:
3122:
2749:
1877:
1676:
1535:
1298:
1246:
1219:
683:
430:
388:
304:
246:
238:
156:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
4194:
4071:
3903:
3813:
3750:
3665:
3286:
3082:
2402:
1917:
1698:
1624:
910:
908:
630:
89:
64:
4186:
4162:
4010:
3857:
3795:
3782:
3464:
3363:
1366:
1325:
1213:
1195:
1121:
991:
806:
670:
166:
146:
4242:
1145:
Luo, Zhe-Xi; Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia; Cifelli, Richard L. (2002).
4231:
4055:
800:
283:
234:
4246:
3754:
3588:
2679:
1835:
1364:
1206:
1168:
4109:
399:, however it is now widely recognised that this grouping is a
1164:
364:
The grouping embodies a hypothesis about the evolution of
379:
Monotremes were historically classified within the clade
372:
arranged in a triangle or V shape, which is known as the
4220:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3476:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3419:
3409:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3359:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3319:
3252:
3229:
3219:
3209:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3158:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3056:
2898:
2697:
2510:
2452:
2382:
2337:
2236:
2205:
2175:
2109:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1985:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1944:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1903:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1863:
1753:
1716:
1706:
1682:
1665:
1654:
1643:
1620:
1577:
1546:
1507:
1455:
1425:
1401:
1391:
1048:
939:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
869:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
4255:
4153:
4092:
4083:
4022:
3993:
3972:
3915:
3886:
3865:
3856:
3831:
3822:
3674:
3599:
3519:
3490:
3463:
3304:
3251:
3103:
3055:
3003:
2897:
2766:
2696:
2623:
2509:
2451:
2426:
2381:
2336:
2235:
2204:
2174:
2108:
1848:
1785:
1752:
1697:
1634:
1607:
1576:
1545:
1506:
1497:
1454:
1424:
1377:
1324:
1297:
1270:
4136:(Horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
865:"The Gondwanan Origin of Tribosphenida (Mammalia)"
353:, recovered as an australosphenidan in one study.
1044:"A review of monotreme (Monotremata) evolution"
935:"A review of monotreme (Monotremata) evolution"
1147:"In quest for a phylogeny of Mesozoic mammals"
1093:(3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
3766:
1180:
8:
314:known from the Early Cretaceous of Australia
274:This grouping includes the following taxa:
184:Luo, Cifelli, & Kielan-Jaworowska, 2001
4243:
4089:
3990:
3883:
3862:
3828:
3773:
3759:
3751:
3596:
3585:
3469:
3312:
3111:
2906:
2705:
2693:
2689:
2676:
2432:
1856:
1845:
1832:
1613:
1503:
1384:
1374:
1361:
1303:
1276:
1267:
1203:
1187:
1173:
1165:
100:
20:
1059:
950:
880:
4104:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
4227:
821:
976:"Dual origin of tribosphenic mammals"
7:
858:
856:
676:
649:
622:
593:
569:
547:
470:
443:
436:
413:
14:
4230:
3571:
3565:
2662:
2656:
1817:
1810:
410:Cladogram after Luo et al 2001:
123:
805:monotremes) were actually stem-
1:
1154:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1061:10.1080/03115518.2022.2025900
952:10.1080/03115518.2022.2025900
882:10.1080/03115518.2022.2132288
847:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.105127
307:of Argentina and Madagascar.
261:of Australia and Argentina.
4345:
4173:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
4128:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
4034:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
1012:Benton 2005: 300, 306-308.
30:Middle Jurassic–Cenomanian
3959:(Kangaroos and relatives)
3790:
3595:
3584:
3562:
3472:
3315:
3114:
2909:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2675:
2653:
2435:
1859:
1844:
1831:
1807:
1616:
1387:
1373:
1360:
1306:
1279:
1266:
1202:
1022:10.1007/s10914-013-9252-3
696:
681:
674:
654:
647:
627:
620:
598:
591:
574:
567:
552:
545:
510:
492:
475:
468:
448:
441:
434:
418:
194:
189:
120:Scientific classification
118:
108:
99:
23:
3951:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
1091:Vertebrate Palaeontology
3843:(Platypus and echidnas)
4074:(Dugongs and manatees)
4013:(Anteaters and sloths)
4296:Paleobiology Database
3943:(Quolls and dunnarts)
3661:Saint Bathans Mammal
420:Basal mammaliaforms
835:Cretaceous Research
16:Subclass of mammals
3927:(Monito del monte)
3106:Prototribosphenida
1609:Ornithorhynchoidea
1459:Ausktribosphenidae
1087:Benton, Michael J.
312:Ausktribosphenidae
199:Ausktribosphenidae
4311:
4310:
4249:Taxon identifiers
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4042:(Elephant shrews)
4035:
4014:
4006:
3987:
3968:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3935:(Marsupial moles)
3933:Notoryctemorphia
3928:
3907:
3899:
3896:Paucituberculata
3880:
3852:
3851:
3844:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3580:
3579:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3099:
3098:
3051:
3050:
2893:
2892:
2671:
2670:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2600:Symmetrodontoides
2456:Zhangheotheriidae
1827:
1826:
1805:
1804:
1775:multituberculates
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1636:Ornithorhynchidae
1493:
1492:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
775:According to Luo
772:
771:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
736:
735:
727:
726:
718:
717:
709:
708:
534:
533:
525:
524:
397:multituberculates
227:
226:
185:
4336:
4324:Australosphenida
4304:
4303:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4287:Australosphenida
4276:
4275:
4274:
4257:Australosphenida
4244:
4235:
4234:
4226:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4155:Euarchontoglires
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4090:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4012:
4004:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3977:
3958:
3950:
3949:Peramelemorphia
3942:
3934:
3926:
3905:
3904:Didelphimorphia
3898:(Shrew opossums)
3897:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3870:
3863:
3842:
3833:Australosphenida
3829:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3752:
3652:
3642:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3597:
3586:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3478:
3470:
3451:
3441:
3431:
3421:
3411:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3371:
3361:
3351:
3341:
3331:
3321:
3313:
3294:Tendagurutherium
3254:
3231:
3221:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3160:
3150:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3112:
3058:
2922:Austrotriconodon
2907:
2900:
2877:Portopinheirodon
2729:Drescheratherium
2706:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2677:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2593:Spalacotheroides
2579:Spalacotheridium
2514:Spalacotheriidae
2512:
2454:
2433:
2384:
2339:
2238:
2207:
2177:
2113:Gobiconodontidae
2111:
2087:
2077:
2067:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2027:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1987:
1977:
1967:
1957:
1946:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1857:
1846:
1833:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1755:
1718:
1708:
1684:
1667:
1656:
1645:
1622:
1614:
1579:
1548:
1509:
1504:
1468:Ausktribosphenos
1457:
1427:
1406:Tendagurutherium
1403:
1393:
1385:
1379:Australosphenida
1375:
1362:
1304:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1204:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1122:10.1038/35051023
1104:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1039:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
992:10.1038/35051023
971:
965:
964:
954:
930:
924:
921:
915:
912:
903:
902:
884:
875:(3–4): 277–290.
860:
851:
850:
826:
677:
650:
623:
594:
570:
548:
514:Ausktribosphenos
471:
465:Australosphenida
444:
437:
414:
385:morganucodontids
376:type of molar.
350:Tendagurutherium
282:, including the
231:Australosphenida
183:
180:Australosphenida
128:
127:
109:Jaw fragment of
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
24:Australosphenida
21:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4329:Mammal taxonomy
4314:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4299:
4294:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4251:
4241:
4229:
4221:
4219:
4202:
4149:
4134:Perissodactyla
4079:
4018:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3964:
3941:Dasyuromorphia
3925:Microbiotheria
3917:Australidelphia
3911:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3848:
3818:
3786:
3779:
3749:
3736:
3670:
3591:
3576:
3564:
3544:
3515:
3486:
3459:
3307:
3306:Tribosphenida /
3300:
3247:
3108:
3095:
3047:
3005:Mesungulatoidea
2999:
2889:
2762:
2684:
2667:
2655:
2639:
2619:
2505:
2500:Zhangheotherium
2447:
2422:
2410:Trishulotherium
2377:
2372:Volaticotherium
2332:
2319:Victoriaconodon
2240:Triconodontidae
2231:
2200:
2170:
2104:
2060:Phascolotherium
1853:
1840:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1781:
1740:
1693:
1677:Ornithorhynchus
1630:
1603:
1572:
1550:Steropodontidae
1541:
1511:Kollikodontidae
1489:
1450:
1420:
1369:
1340:
1320:
1293:
1262:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1193:
1149:
1144:
1116:(6816): 53–57.
1107:
1101:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
986:(6816): 53–57.
973:
972:
968:
932:
931:
927:
922:
918:
913:
906:
862:
861:
854:
828:
827:
823:
819:
773:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
719:
710:
578:Zhangheotherium
535:
526:
327:from the Lower
272:
182:
122:
112:Ambondro mahabo
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4315:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4292:
4277:
4261:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4240:
4239:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4159:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4098:
4096:
4094:Laurasiatheria
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4048:Tubulidentata
4045:
4040:Macroscelidea
4037:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4008:
3999:
3997:
3988:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:Diprotodontia
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3921:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3727:Amphitheriidae
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3692:Eutriconodonta
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3638:
3628:
3618:
3607:
3605:
3602:Incertae sedis
3593:
3592:
3589:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3534:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3473:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3437:
3427:
3417:
3407:
3397:
3387:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3334:Argaliatherium
3327:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3163:Brancatherulum
3156:
3146:
3136:
3133:Amphibetulimus
3126:
3115:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3035:Peligrotherium
3031:
3024:
3017:
3014:Coloniatherium
3009:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2990:
2987:Quirogatherium
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2954:
2950:Groebertherium
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2910:
2904:
2902:Meridiolestida
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2819:Groebertherium
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2791:Anthracolestes
2787:
2780:
2772:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2743:Henkelotherium
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2714:Brancatherulum
2709:
2703:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2610:
2607:Symmetrolestes
2603:
2596:
2589:
2586:Spalacotherium
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2537:Cifellitherium
2533:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2460:
2458:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2395:Gobiotheriodon
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2357:Ichthyoconodon
2353:
2350:Argentoconodon
2345:
2343:
2341:Volaticotheria
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2326:Volaticotheria
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2256:Arundelconodon
2252:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2181:
2179:Jeholodentidae
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2083:
2073:
2070:Sangarotherium
2063:
2053:
2043:
2033:
2023:
2013:
2003:
1993:
1983:
1973:
1970:Indotriconodon
1963:
1953:
1942:
1931:
1921:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1871:
1860:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1714:
1703:
1701:
1699:Tachyglossidae
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:Patagorhynchus
1680:
1673:
1663:
1652:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1585:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1399:
1388:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1274:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1256:Mammaliaformes
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1142:
1105:
1099:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1005:
966:
925:
916:
904:
852:
820:
818:
815:
809:as members of
770:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
734:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
721:
720:
716:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
702:
695:
692:
691:
688:
687:
680:
675:
673:
667:
666:
663:
662:
653:
648:
646:
640:
639:
636:
635:
626:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
602:Henkelotherium
597:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
573:
568:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
555:Eutriconodonta
551:
546:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
532:
531:
528:
527:
523:
522:
519:
518:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
499:(Monotremata)
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
474:
469:
467:
461:
460:
457:
456:
447:
442:
440:
435:
433:
427:
426:
423:
422:
417:
412:
362:
361:
354:
345:
332:
315:
308:
271:
268:
225:
224:
220:
219:
213:
207:
201:
192:
191:
187:
186:
177:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
116:
115:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4341:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4169:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4142:Artiodactyla
4140:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4102:Eulipotyphla
4100:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4085:Boreoeutheria
4082:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4032:Afrosoricida
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3876:
3868:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Paurodontidae
3720:
3718:
3717:Eupantotheria
3715:
3713:
3712:Symmetrodonta
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3697:Amphilestidae
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3625:Chronoperates
3619:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3587:
3583:
3574:
3568:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3454:Tribactonodon
3448:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3414:Kielantherium
3408:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3374:Holoclemensia
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Boreosphenida
3303:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3224:Palaeoxonodon
3218:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2994:Solanutherium
2991:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:Paraungulatum
2977:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2884:Treslagosodon
2881:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:Krebsotherium
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2665:
2659:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2572:Spalacolestes
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:Infernolestes
2548:
2546:
2545:
2544:Heishanlestes
2541:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2486:Ningchengodon
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Trechnotheria
2425:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:Triconolestes
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:Huasteconodon
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2122:Fuxinoconodon
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2010:Kryptotherium
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1908:Chaoyangodens
1902:
1900:
1899:
1892:
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1889:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1870:
1869:
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1758:
1751:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1721:Murrayglossus
1715:
1713:
1712:
1711:Megalibgwilia
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1681:
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1610:
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1600:
1599:
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1586:
1584:
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1581:Teinolophidae
1575:
1569:
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1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1544:
1538:
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1411:
1408:
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1398:
1397:
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1383:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1334:
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1329:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1296:
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1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
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1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
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1235:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1100:0-632-05637-1
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
970:
967:
962:
958:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
926:
920:
917:
911:
909:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
883:
878:
874:
870:
866:
859:
857:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
825:
822:
816:
814:
812:
811:Tribosphenida
808:
803:
799:
798:
793:
788:
786:
785:Boreosphenida
782:
781:Tribosphenida
778:
768:
767:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
723:
722:
714:
713:
705:
704:
701:
700:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
679:
678:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
659:
658:Kielantherium
652:
651:
645:
644:Boreosphenida
642:
641:
638:
637:
634:
633:
632:
625:
624:
618:
617:
614:
613:
610:
608:
604:
603:
596:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
579:
572:
571:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
550:
549:
543:
542:
539:
538:
530:
529:
521:
520:
517:
516:
515:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
498:
497:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
481:
480:
473:
472:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
455:
454:
453:
446:
445:
439:
438:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
421:
416:
415:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
359:
355:
352:
351:
346:
343:
339:
338:
333:
330:
326:
325:
320:
316:
313:
309:
306:
302:
301:
296:
295:
290:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:
275:
269:
267:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:Tribosphenida
240:
236:
232:
223:
222:And see text
218:
214:
212:
208:
206:
202:
200:
196:
195:
193:
188:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
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162:
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158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
126:
121:
117:
114:
113:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
4256:
4181:(Treeshrews)
4064:Proboscidea
4005:(Armadillos)
3888:Ameridelphia
3841:Monotremata
3832:
3702:Theriiformes
3653:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3600:
3479:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3424:Pappotherium
3422:
3412:
3402:
3392:
3382:
3372:
3362:
3354:Carinalestes
3352:
3342:
3332:
3322:
3292:
3285:
3280:Peramuroides
3278:
3271:
3263:
3239:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3192:
3182:
3172:
3161:
3151:
3143:Amphitherium
3141:
3131:
3121:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:Donodontidae
3042:Reigitherium
3040:
3033:
3026:
3021:Mesungulatum
3019:
3012:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2958:Lakotalestes
2956:
2948:
2941:
2936:Casamiquelia
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2882:
2875:
2870:Phascolestes
2868:
2863:Minutolestes
2861:
2854:
2848:Lakotalestes
2846:
2839:
2832:
2827:Guimarotodus
2825:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2784:Amblotherium
2782:
2775:
2768:Dryolestidae
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2439:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2386:Tinodontidae
2370:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2277:Eotriconodon
2275:
2270:Corviconodon
2268:
2263:Astroconodon
2261:
2254:
2247:
2224:
2217:
2193:
2186:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2096:
2088:
2080:Tendagurodon
2078:
2068:
2058:
2048:
2038:
2028:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1988:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1949:Fruitafossor
1947:
1936:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1851:Theriimorpha
1838:Theriimorpha
1787:Theriimorpha
1733:
1728:Tachyglossus
1726:
1719:
1709:
1685:
1675:
1668:
1659:Monotrematum
1657:
1646:
1623:
1596:
1588:
1565:
1557:
1534:
1526:
1519:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1443:
1438:Asfaltomylos
1436:
1429:Henosferidae
1412:
1404:
1394:
1378:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1157:
1153:
1113:
1109:
1090:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1008:
983:
979:
969:
942:
938:
928:
919:
872:
868:
838:
834:
824:
801:
795:
792:phylogenetic
790:Most recent
789:
776:
774:
697:
682:
656:
655:
629:
628:
600:
599:
576:
575:
553:
512:
511:
494:
493:
477:
476:
464:
450:
449:
419:
409:
401:paraphyletic
393:triconodonts
383:, alongside
378:
374:tribosphenic
363:
348:
342:cladotherian
335:
322:
298:
294:Asfaltomylos
292:
286:
280:Henosferidae
273:
230:
228:
221:
211:Henosferidae
179:
173:
110:
18:
4281:Wikispecies
4187:Dermoptera
4179:Scandentia
4171:Lagomorpha
4120:(Pangolins)
4110:Chiroptera
4066:(Elephants)
4056:Hyracoidea
4050:(Aardvarks)
3812:(unranked)
3732:Marsupionta
3707:Pantotheria
3682:Prototheria
3635:Microderson
3444:Tirotherium
3344:Brasilestes
3273:Kouriogenys
3265:Afriquiamus
3256:Peramuridae
3241:Monotremata
3234:Vincelestes
3174:Chunnelodon
3076:Anoualestes
3069:Amazighodon
3028:Orretherium
2973:Necrolestes
2915:Amarillodon
2805:Crusafontia
2701:Dryolestida
2682:Cladotheria
2625:Cladotheria
2614:Yaverlestes
2523:Akidolestes
2493:Origolestes
2472:Kiyatherium
2441:Monotremata
2312:Trioracodon
2249:Alticonodon
2209:Klameliidae
2195:Yanoconodon
2165:Spinolestes
2158:Repenomamus
2151:Meemannodon
2129:Gobiconodon
2098:Monotremata
2040:Manchurodon
2030:Liaotherium
2020:Liaoconodon
1980:Juchilestes
1960:Hakusanodon
1938:Dyskritodon
1898:Aploconodon
1888:Amphilestes
1648:Dharragarra
1598:Teinolophos
1499:Monotremata
1414:Monotremata
1054:(1): 3–20.
945:(1): 3–20.
797:Teinolophos
607:Dryolestida
452:Shuotherium
381:Prototheria
358:Monotremata
337:Vincelestes
217:Monotremata
4318:Categories
4126:Carnivora
4118:Pholidota
4024:Afrotheria
4003:Cingulata
3984:inclusive)
3906:(Opossums)
3877:inclusive)
3867:Metatheria
3824:Yinotheria
3808:Vertebrata
3806:Subphylum
3687:Yinotheria
3675:Other taxa
3655:Tingamarra
3645:Thereuodon
3590:Other taxa
3538:marsupials
3532:Metatheria
3521:Metatheria
3509:placentals
3481:Patagomaia
3324:Aegialodon
3214:Nanolestes
2834:Hercynodon
2812:Dryolestes
2736:Euthlastus
2722:Dorsetodon
2634:see below↓
2565:Shalbaatar
2479:Maotherium
2305:Triconodon
2291:Meiconodon
2219:Ferganodon
2188:Jeholodens
2090:Allotheria
1990:Jueconodon
1928:Condorodon
1868:Acinacodus
1796:see below↓
1769:Allotheria
1757:Allotheria
1567:Steropodon
1559:Parvopalus
1528:Kryoryctes
1521:Kollikodon
1483:Kryoparvus
1445:Henosferus
1335:see below↓
1314:Cynodontia
1299:Cynodontia
1247:Cynodontia
1238:Therapsida
1160:(1): 1–78.
1080:References
841:: 105127.
699:Metatheria
496:Steropodon
329:Cretaceous
321:including
319:Bishopidae
300:Henosferus
263:Monotremes
259:Cretaceous
251:Madagascar
205:Bishopidae
4195:Primates
4189:(Colugos)
4163:Rodentia
4058:(Hyraxes)
3995:Xenarthra
3982:Placental
3875:Marsupial
3615:Atlasodon
3536:includes
3507:includes
3404:Kermackia
3384:Hypomylos
3090:Stylodens
2966:Leonardus
2929:Bondesius
2856:Laolestes
2777:Achyrodon
2757:Tathiodon
2558:Lactodens
2298:Priacodon
2284:Jugulator
2136:Hangjinia
2050:Nakunodon
2000:Kemchugia
1773:includes
1735:Zaglossus
1670:Obdurodon
1590:Stirtodon
1287:Synapsida
1272:Synapsida
1229:Synapsida
1212:Kingdom:
1070:0311-5518
1000:0028-0836
961:0311-5518
899:253323862
891:0311-5518
389:docodonts
303:from the
255:Argentina
143:Kingdom:
137:Eukaryota
4266:Wikidata
4072:Sirenia
3974:Eutheria
3802:Chordata
3796:Animalia
3794:Kingdom
3503:Eutheria
3492:Eutheria
3434:Picopsis
3394:Juramaia
3184:Magnimus
3153:Arguimus
3123:Abelodon
2943:Cronopio
2798:Beckumia
2750:Paurodon
2465:Anebodon
2417:Yermakia
2226:Klamelia
1878:Amphidon
1536:Sundrius
1396:Ambondro
1367:Mammalia
1326:Mammalia
1220:Chordata
1218:Phylum:
1214:Animalia
1196:Mammalia
1130:11343108
1089:(2005).
807:therians
684:Eutheria
479:Ambondro
431:Mammalia
305:Jurassic
288:Ambondro
270:Taxonomy
247:Jurassic
239:Gondwana
167:Mammalia
157:Chordata
153:Phylum:
147:Animalia
133:Domain:
4272:Q783432
4237:Mammals
4011:Pilosa
3814:Amniota
3800:Phylum
3781:Extant
3666:UA 8699
3287:Peramus
3204:Mozomus
3194:Minimus
3083:Donodon
2403:Tinodon
1918:Comodon
1625:Opalios
1475:Bishops
1138:4342585
1032:97–105.
631:Peramus
324:Bishops
163:Class:
4223:Portal
4112:(Bats)
3858:Theria
3785:orders
3783:mammal
3465:Theria
3364:Eomaia
2530:Aliaga
1136:
1128:
1110:Nature
1097:
1068:
998:
980:Nature
959:
897:
889:
777:et al.
671:Theria
407:jaws.
297:, and
284:genera
257:, and
233:are a
4301:89613
1252:Clade
1243:Clade
1234:Clade
1225:Clade
1150:(PDF)
1134:S2CID
895:S2CID
817:Notes
783:, or
404:grade
370:cusps
366:molar
235:clade
190:Taxa
174:Clade
3530:see
3501:see
1767:see
1312:see
1285:see
1126:PMID
1095:ISBN
1066:ISSN
996:ISSN
957:ISSN
887:ISSN
395:and
253:and
229:The
35:PreꞒ
1118:doi
1114:409
1056:doi
988:doi
984:409
947:doi
877:doi
843:doi
839:133
249:of
4320::
4298::
4283::
4268::
1254::
1245::
1236::
1227::
1158:47
1156:.
1152:.
1132:.
1124:.
1112:.
1064:.
1052:46
1050:.
1046:.
994:.
982:.
978:.
955:.
943:46
941:.
937:.
907:^
893:.
885:.
873:46
871:.
867:.
855:^
837:.
833:.
609:)
391:,
387:,
347:†?
344:).
334:†?
291:,
176::
85:Pg
4225::
3980:(
3873:(
3774:e
3767:t
3760:v
3651:†
3641:†
3631:†
3621:†
3611:†
3477:†
3450:†
3440:†
3430:†
3420:†
3410:†
3400:†
3390:†
3380:†
3370:†
3360:†
3350:†
3340:†
3330:†
3320:†
3297:?
3268:?
3253:†
3244:?
3230:†
3220:†
3210:†
3200:†
3190:†
3180:†
3170:†
3166:?
3159:†
3149:†
3139:†
3129:†
3119:†
3057:†
2961:?
2953:?
2899:†
2851:?
2822:?
2717:?
2698:†
2511:†
2453:†
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2398:?
2383:†
2367:?
2338:†
2329:?
2237:†
2211:?
2206:†
2176:†
2146:?
2110:†
2101:?
2093:?
2086:†
2076:†
2066:†
2056:†
2046:†
2036:†
2026:†
2016:†
2006:†
1996:†
1986:†
1976:†
1966:†
1956:†
1952:?
1945:†
1941:?
1934:†
1924:†
1914:†
1904:†
1894:†
1884:†
1874:†
1864:†
1759:?
1754:†
1717:†
1707:†
1690:?
1683:†
1666:†
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1655:†
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1593:?
1578:†
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1547:†
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1513:?
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1478:?
1456:†
1426:†
1417:?
1409:?
1402:†
1392:†
1381:?
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
1140:.
1120::
1103:.
1072:.
1058::
1002:.
990::
963:.
949::
901:.
879::
849:.
845::
802:,
605:(
356:?
317:†
310:†
278:†
215:?
209:†
203:†
197:†
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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