376:
language with slight variation'. It was not until the early 1900s, with the advent of
Aboriginal Protection Boards, that non-Indigenous sources begin overtly naming wider language groups; this, however, was at a detriment to local dialect and clan names that were subsumed under the board's chosen name. Yugambeh–Bundjalung's position at the Queensland–NSW border led to two standard terms: Yugambeh/Yugumbir on the Queensland side and Bundjalung/Bandjalang on the NSW side. It was for this reason that Margaret Sharpe named the chain Yugambeh–Bundjalung, the terms being the most northerly and southerly respectively as well.
357:
1576:
1596:
387:, some groups in conjunction with their own name e.g. Byron Bay Bundjalung – Arakwal. As these words also refer to individual dialects some groups object to their usage, Crowley and Sharpe both agree that Yugambeh referred to the Beaudesert dialect, also known by the clan name Mununjali, and Bundjalung originally referred to the Bungawalbin Creek/Coraki dialect, though the Tabulam people claim they are the original Bundjalung, and use Bandjalang in opposition.
353:'For the linguistic group as a whole I have used the term 'Bandjalang', with which some may disagree. Among the people themselves there is a good deal of confusion. Some say the tribal name should be 'Beigal' (man, people), others that there never was any collective name, while others again state that 'Bandjalang', besides being the specific name of one of the local groups, was also in use as a covering term for all. For convenience I am doing the same.'
210:
198:
1892:(two animate – human and animal, and two inanimate – arboreal and neuter) with the use of suffixes is present in three of the clusters. The morphological forms and usage of these gender suffixes vary between the clusters, with some dialects marking both demonstratives and adjectives, others marking solely adjectives.
296:, Nganduwal, Minjangbal, Njangbal (Nyangbal), Biriin, Baryulgil, Waalubal, Dinggabal, Wiyabal, Gidabal, Galibal, and Wudjeebal. Language varieties in the group vary in degree of mutual intelligibility, with varieties at different ends of the continuum being mostly unintelligible. These dialects formed four clusters:
2980:'Clever Men of the tribe' who could cast spells of sleep or sleeping sickness (Hoop Pine curse) as a reprisal against offenders of tribal law, tribal codes, enemies or bad spiritual influences. The ritual coincided with the bone pointing procedure common among Aboriginal tribes throughout Australia.
375:
The earliest sources of anthropological work dated from the mid to late 1800s does not give a name for the entire language chain; however, it is clear from sources that particular writers were aware of it, in most instances referring to it by their local variety name or with a descriptor like 'this
349:
W. E. Smythe, a doctor in Casino, knew the
Bundjalung quite well noting in his time the language was spoken widely. He compiled a grammar of the Casino dialect in the 1940s, mistakenly believing he was writing a grammar for the whole language group. When speaking of the name of language he noted:
433:
as well as to refer to certain individual dialects. At the time of the first
European settlement in the mid-1800s, the Yugambeh-Bundjalung peoples on the north coast of New South Wales and southeast of Queensland spoke up to twenty related dialects. Today only about nine remain. All were mutually
1583:
Cognate comparison between the most southern and northern dialects, Bandjalang (Proper) and
Yugambeh (Proper), shows 52% similarity. Cognate similarity is highest between dialects within branches, typically being ~80%, these percentages are even higher amongst the Tweed-Albert dialects at ~90%.
1566:
of the same consonant, or clusters that begin with an obstruent phoneme or end with an approximant, except the labio-velar glide. All homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters occur in the language. Clusters usually only involve two segments, but clusters of three may occur if an intervening vowel is
924:
was the first to publish a study of the wider
Bandjalangic language group, titled 'The middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang', it included previously unpublished research on the Casino dialect as an appendix. Crowley analysed not only the vocabulary but grammar of the varieties including
345:
The
Yugambeh–Bundjalung language chain is spoken by numerous social/cultural groups some of whom have historically preferred to identify with their particular dialect name, e.g. Githabul, Yugambeh, especially as some groups do not see particular varieties as being 'the same language'.
1849:
All varieties within the family use suffixes to decline nouns. Most are universal; however, there are a few poignant differences. A complex system exists whereby suffixes are categorised into orders, with the order and use governed by universal rules.
8751:
364:
Adding to the confusion is the use of multiple names by different groups, i.e. what one group calls another may not be what it calls itself, or the name of a dialect may change, e.g. Terry
Crowley was originally told
3638:
3629:
3665:
434:
intelligible with neighbouring dialects. The dialects form recognisable clusters that share phonological and morphological features, as well as having higher degrees of mutual intelligibility.
6515:
1509:
The existence of semi-vowels in
Yugambeh-Bundjalung can be disputed, as in many Australian languages. Some linguists posit their existence in order to avoid an analysis that involves
323:
languages. All
Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages are nearly extinct. Bandjalang proper has the greatest number of speakers: 113, while the other dialects have a total of 26 speakers.
4487:
4557:
1541:
Like many
Australian languages, Yugambeh-Bundjalung is thought to have a constraint that states that all syllables must have a consonant onset. Only vowels are permitted as the
3625:
3381:"The Minyung; The speech and the speakers. A study in Australian Aboriginal Philology by the Rev Hugh Livingstone Formerly a Presbyterian Minister at Lismore, New South Wales"
3658:
4522:
2360:'Blood running from the wounded' or 'the place of dying' or 'the place of the wounded after a fight' or 'place where a battle was fought and people were found dying'.
1841:
Crowley's research found a number of grammar differences between the varieties and clusters. Further research by Dr. Margaret Sharpe detailed these finer differences.
4515:
3137:
4480:
3651:
1402:
contrasts for their obstruent sequences, and so phonological literature varies in its representation of these consonants- some linguists have chosen the symbols
6508:
1907:
to an irrealis mode, now denoting the potential mood, while the continuous aspect in conjunction with a time word is now used for future tense situations.
221:
8741:
938:
Varieties of Yugambeh-Bundjalung may have a vowel system of either three or four vowels that also contrast in length, resulting in either six or eight
4494:
4459:
1646:
by other varieties respectively. The difference in words for men is significant as groups often use it for identification as well as a language name (
1329:
4550:
6501:
4508:
1900:
The extensive use of suffixes extends to verbs as well; the suffix system is the same throughout the language group with a few minor differences.
8756:
8423:
4501:
1141:
Yugambeh-Bundjalung has a smaller inventory of consonant phonemes than is typical of most Australian languages, having only four contrastive
2765:'Patriarch of mountains', 'Fighting Chief', 'Place of Death and Dying', 'Site at which one of the chief warriors lies' or 'Cloud Catcher'.
857:
4543:
1346:
916:
Until the 1970s all language and linguist work to date had been undertaken on individual varieties, with major grammar work undertaken on
1513:, which are usually held to be non-existent in Australian languages. Some phonologists have found that semi-vowels can be replaced with
1306:
5386:
8535:
1549:
are also permitted, with long or short vowels in the nucleus. However, long vowels are not permitted to occur in adjacent syllables.
6622:
3545:
3216:
2075:
The purposive suffix is -yah in the Tweed-Albert and Condamine-Upper Clarence languages, while it is -gu in the other two branches.
6232:
1533:, with stress being assigned to syllables with long vowels. Short unstressed vowels tend to be reduced to the neutral vowel schwa.
3158:
8403:
404:
7443:
7399:
5646:
8619:
8463:
6725:
6524:
1056:
1012:
1007:
258:
240:
8575:
8528:
8490:
6698:
3601:
3573:
3559:. Occasional Papers in Aboriginal Studies. Vol. 3. Sydney: Australian Institute for Aboriginal Studies. pp. 91–100.
3492:
1746:
A north to south shift of /i/ to /a/ (with an intermittent/e/ present in some varieties) occurring on the demonstrative set.
1068:
414:
Many of the dialects and branches are confined by natural features such as river basins, mountain ranges and dense bushland.
3198:
8614:
8601:
8481:
3693:
899:
7851:
8379:
7204:
6782:
4763:
3634:
184:
356:
8609:
8515:
8438:
8354:
7528:
6244:
4958:
1903:
The imminent aspect (used in other varieties for most instances that use the English future tense) has shifted in the
980:
975:
8073:
7406:
7350:
6537:
6138:
5937:
5793:
5781:
5596:
5294:
4961:
4566:
1693:
A north to south shift of /a/ to /e/ (with an intermittent /i/ present in some varieties) in some common vocabulary.
274:
105:
8746:
8580:
8417:
4930:
3127:
1575:
1415:
1403:
1356:
1087:
1076:
1048:
1032:
1027:
808:
706:
687:
8428:
5409:
5237:
4848:
3816:
3735:
1411:
770:
55:
7084:
6674:
6599:
5166:
5039:
1880:
is present in Yugambeh and Githabul, being used on nouns and verbs (use on verbs does not occur further south).
1595:
8452:
8267:
6984:
6964:
6924:
6811:
6796:
6204:
4915:
4753:
4612:
4597:
3444:
992:
987:
921:
789:
751:
8700:
8060:
7875:
7650:
7263:
6669:
5995:
5967:
5115:
4791:
4748:
4681:
1419:
1407:
1283:
1253:
668:
8068:
8037:
8004:
7971:
7699:
7235:
7104:
6788:
6561:
6168:
6158:
5489:
5474:
5428:
5356:
5314:
3674:
1429:
1427:
1392:
1273:
650:
254:
250:
236:
3225:
8712:
7179:
7172:
7160:
7015:
6991:
6378:
6071:
6058:
5870:
5687:
5446:
4863:
4743:
1619:
1526:
1474:
1439:
1236:
1206:
1142:
282:
7556:
6266:
4691:
8694:
8569:
8446:
8393:
8237:
8173:
8027:
8022:
7994:
7989:
7981:
7748:
7538:
7129:
6633:
6627:
6399:
6307:
6253:
6107:
6043:
5906:
5755:
5727:
5722:
5537:
5466:
5451:
5381:
5376:
5366:
5361:
5351:
5319:
5232:
5138:
5123:
5072:
5067:
5057:
4884:
4853:
4701:
4696:
4418:
4380:
4363:
2729:
2246:
1530:
1494:
1435:
1423:
1263:
1226:
1161:
1126:
1085:
1074:
1066:
1054:
1046:
3246:
8411:
8387:
8343:
8272:
8206:
8196:
8012:
7958:
7935:
7821:
7693:
7678:
7656:
7599:
7582:
7293:
7270:
7021:
6935:
6761:
6659:
6582:
6571:
6566:
6528:
6373:
6363:
6353:
6297:
6183:
6048:
5901:
5878:
5855:
5712:
5404:
5306:
5219:
5179:
5146:
5082:
5062:
4973:
4801:
4727:
4607:
4602:
4370:
4346:
1105:
1097:
1093:
600:
408:
334:
8362:
8220:
8168:
8155:
8118:
7966:
7925:
7904:
7768:
7683:
7551:
7517:
7486:
7475:
7412:
7394:
7366:
7242:
7028:
6951:
6907:
6767:
6754:
6605:
6469:
6441:
6431:
6358:
6271:
6087:
5883:
5824:
5816:
5801:
5778:
5745:
5669:
5659:
5636:
5565:
5560:
5479:
5441:
5371:
5291:
5227:
5204:
5199:
5189:
5156:
5151:
5047:
4991:
4935:
4894:
4822:
4776:
4771:
4706:
4632:
4425:
4401:
4394:
4230:
1889:
1216:
1193:
1178:
7226:
6493:
6150:
3380:
8624:
8544:
8457:
8328:
8308:
8252:
8226:
8214:
8183:
8128:
8045:
7930:
7888:
7754:
7727:
7714:
7634:
7497:
7457:
7426:
7421:
7355:
7345:
7076:
7069:
7063:
7036:
6958:
6900:
6834:
6802:
6774:
6640:
6456:
6423:
6404:
6394:
6343:
6333:
6102:
5990:
5985:
5977:
5934:
5893:
5806:
5750:
5737:
5717:
5697:
5654:
5616:
5593:
5547:
5524:
5504:
5494:
5436:
5335:
5329:
5174:
5029:
5024:
4986:
4910:
4889:
4858:
4796:
4722:
4676:
4617:
4439:
4408:
4329:
3823:
3809:
3607:
3597:
3569:
3541:
3498:
3488:
3210:
3122:
2533:
1904:
1863:
1859:
1563:
1399:
1294:
1188:
1166:
1146:
1128:
1101:
917:
305:
300:
147:
139:
43:
379:
Modern Yugambeh–Bundjalung-speaking peoples are often aware of and use the overarching terms
8522:
8499:
8303:
8141:
8136:
8113:
8105:
8095:
8087:
8017:
7860:
7837:
7783:
7732:
7718:
7661:
7561:
7546:
7480:
7321:
7315:
7306:
7279:
7141:
7117:
7090:
6944:
6865:
6858:
6446:
6409:
6348:
6276:
6261:
6178:
6028:
6023:
6013:
6005:
5962:
5860:
5834:
5702:
5682:
5677:
5631:
5621:
5570:
5555:
5532:
5514:
5194:
5105:
5100:
5014:
4996:
4981:
4925:
4843:
4838:
4817:
4686:
4627:
4622:
2494:
2255:
1542:
1454:
1317:
1171:
1150:
1115:
330:
293:
8634:
8368:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8191:
7865:
7688:
7629:
7623:
7511:
7505:
7465:
7286:
7256:
7249:
7153:
7097:
6998:
6915:
6874:
6822:
6749:
6744:
6731:
6717:
6613:
6576:
6474:
6464:
6436:
6368:
6338:
6328:
6209:
6188:
6173:
6163:
6092:
6038:
6018:
5957:
5911:
5842:
5707:
5692:
5626:
5608:
5509:
5484:
5396:
5343:
5268:
5253:
5209:
5184:
5128:
5095:
5006:
4920:
4781:
4658:
4642:
4637:
4579:
4432:
4387:
4353:
4234:
4222:
3678:
1183:
1119:
1109:
1062:
278:
100:
79:
63:
59:
1584:
Between branches of the family this rate falls to ~60–70% between neighbouring clusters.
3643:
3337:
8647:
8642:
8257:
7949:
7909:
7816:
7788:
7593:
7587:
7577:
7375:
7360:
7197:
6892:
6704:
6312:
6302:
6292:
6114:
5949:
5263:
5090:
5052:
4879:
4238:
3760:
3585:
An all-dialect dictionary of Bunjalung, an Australian language no longer in general use
3534:
3510:
Cunningham, Margaret C. (1969). "A description of the Yugumbir dialect of Bundjalung".
3481:
1510:
1498:
1458:
326:
197:
176:
8735:
8689:
8661:
8652:
8333:
8163:
8050:
7798:
7793:
6885:
6846:
6737:
5499:
5456:
5019:
4668:
4304:
4242:
3914:
1546:
1490:
1470:
876:
430:
396:
8262:
4166:
4138:
4019:
3893:
3725:
1514:
880:
288:
Yugambeh–Bundjalung was historically a dialect continuum consisting of a number of
1615:
in northern varieties. (Both were used in the centrally located Lismore dialect).
1438:. Generally, these consonants are phonetically voiceless, except when following a
8684:
4269:
4159:
4110:
4012:
3949:
3781:
1375:
Although the standard IPA symbols used in transcription of the language are the
957:
853:
581:
400:
310:
Lower Richmond (Eastern Bundjalung – Nyangbal, Minyangbal and Bandjalang proper)
209:
189:
3594:
Grammar and texts of the Yugambeh–Bundjalung dialect chain in eastern Australia
1477:, and sometimes occurs prestopped as a free variant in the same way as nasals.
319:
Bowern (2011) lists Yugambeh, Githabul, Minyangbal, and Bandjalang as separate
8706:
4145:
4131:
3984:
3942:
3907:
3865:
3858:
3844:
2787:
2775:
1442:
1200:
969:
962:
577:
75:
47:
2879:
Creator Being spirit that looked like a Goanna but behaved just like humans.
1391:
than actual stops. There is no contrast in Yugambeh-Bundjalung between these
8657:
8550:
4283:
4187:
4180:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4026:
3963:
3718:
3611:
3364:
1486:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1340:
1247:
1021:
1000:
170:
156:
83:
17:
3753:
3523:
Geytenbeek, Brain B. (1964). "Morphology of the regular verbs of Gidabul".
3502:
945:
In practical orthography and some descriptions of the language, the letter
8667:
8586:
4535:
4290:
4201:
4194:
4117:
4096:
4089:
4005:
3977:
3970:
3928:
3921:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3837:
3795:
3788:
3767:
3132:
1670:
313:
246:
134:
51:
1453:
When nasal stops occur syllable-finally, they are often produced with a
8508:
4297:
4276:
4215:
4173:
4152:
4124:
4054:
4047:
4040:
3998:
3991:
3935:
3900:
3802:
3774:
1376:
939:
646:
558:
289:
3487:. Smythe, W. E. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
4311:
4208:
3639:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
3630:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
2485:
539:
218:
162:
2035:
7469:
4103:
4033:
3956:
3830:
3711:
3289:
1594:
1574:
1123:
3290:"Arakwal People of Byron Bay » Blog Archive » About Us"
360:
Dialects as described by the Githabul at Woodenbong (Geyteenbeek)
4251:
3851:
1981:
925:
comparative cognate figures and examples from various dialects.
459:
Between the Upper Condamine and Upper Clarence River catchments
6497:
6230:
6135:
5932:
5776:
5591:
5289:
4956:
4577:
4539:
3647:
2932:'Clever Man' also known as 'Man of high degree of initiation'.
2154:
2089:
2024:
1970:
1924:
1592:
Some vocabulary differences in common vocabulary are present:
470:
Between the Lower Richmond and Lower Clarence River Catchments
395:
Yugambeh-Bandjalang is spoken over a wide geographic area; the
369:
for the Baryulgil dialect, while a later researcher was given
8752:
Endangered indigenous Australian languages in New South Wales
1599:
Isogloss for 'man' (mibiny/baygal) and 'woman' (jalgan/dubay)
202:
Bandjalangic languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)
3592:
Sharpe, Margaret C. (2005). "Yugambeh–Bundjalung Dialects".
2499:
Accidental or deliberate corruption of the Aboriginal words
2260:
Accidental or deliberate corruption of the Aboriginal words
2165:
2100:
333:
may be related to the Bandjalangic languages rather than to
2672:'Refers to both a site and the spirit that resides there'.
2184:
2119:
1935:
3555:
Geytenbeek, Helen (1964). "Personal pronouns of Gidabul".
3425:
3423:
3421:
1489:
in Yugambeh-Bundjalung. Between vowels, it tends to be a
3626:
Bibliography of Bundjalung language and people resources
3568:. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
3540:. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3177:
3175:
949:
is often used after the vowel to indicate a long vowel.
407:
forming the south and south-western boundaries, and the
3456:. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies: 101–124
217:
Bundjalung is classified as Severely Endangered by the
2573:'A traditional native home, made from wood and bark'.
3635:
Bibliography of Arakwal language and people resources
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3557:
Papers on the languages of the Australian Aborigines
3525:
Papers on the Languages of the Australian Aborigines
3369:. St. Lucia ; : University of Queensland Press.
3272:
3270:
3268:
3247:"Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)"
1799:
A shift of /a/ to /u/ in the Tweed-Albert dialects.
1379:
symbols, these segments are better characterised as
245:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
8677:
8633:
8600:
8560:
8498:
8489:
8476:
8437:
8402:
8378:
8353:
8342:
8321:
8281:
8245:
8236:
8205:
8182:
8154:
8127:
8104:
8086:
8059:
8036:
8003:
7980:
7957:
7948:
7918:
7897:
7874:
7850:
7830:
7809:
7776:
7767:
7741:
7713:
7671:
7643:
7616:
7609:
7570:
7537:
7527:
7496:
7456:
7384:
7338:
7305:
7225:
7218:
7116:
7056:
7049:
7008:
6976:
6934:
6821:
6716:
6687:
6652:
6592:
6554:
6547:
6536:
6455:
6422:
6387:
6321:
6285:
6252:
6243:
6197:
6149:
6080:
6004:
5976:
5948:
5892:
5869:
5833:
5815:
5792:
5736:
5668:
5645:
5607:
5546:
5523:
5465:
5427:
5395:
5342:
5328:
5305:
5246:
5218:
5165:
5137:
5114:
5081:
5038:
5005:
4972:
4903:
4872:
4831:
4810:
4762:
4736:
4715:
4667:
4651:
4590:
4321:
4261:
3745:
3703:
3685:
3366:
A description of the Yugumbir dialect of Bandjalang
2695:'The place where the town of Woodburn is located'.
1858:A past and non-past form of the locative exists in
183:
169:
155:
128:
99:
89:
69:
39:
34:
3533:
3480:
3443:
3512:University of Queensland Papers, Faculty of Arts
3096:
3072:
3048:
3029:
3019:
2966:
2942:
2918:
2870:
2864:
2854:
2800:
2751:
2705:
2682:
2662:
2653:
2630:
2607:
2583:
2560:
2541:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2466:
2460:
2454:
2445:
2426:
2417:
2394:
2370:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2327:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
1875:
1828:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1664:
1658:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1610:
1604:
1579:Cognate analysis percentages provided by Crowley
920:, Minyangbal, Yugambeh, and the Casino dialect.
259:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
3532:Geytenbeek, Brian B.; Getenbeek, Helen (1971).
3138:List of Aboriginal languages of New South Wales
886:Nerang, Nerangbal, Yugambeh, Yugam, Minyangbal
3199:"How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?"
492:Between the Logan and Tweed River catchments.
6509:
4551:
3659:
2201:he-ERG went-PST house build-PURP {over there}
2136:he-ERG went-PST house build-PURP {over there}
1910:Example of differences in -hny suffix usage:
1680:
1674:
462:Galibal, Warwick Dialect, Gidabal, Dinggabal
8:
3203:Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web
3226:"Master List of Australian Languages, v1.2"
2068:I-ERG build-CONT house {over there} shortly
1545:, and these may be long or short. Syllable
484:Wahlubal, Casino Dialect, Birihn, Baryugil
8495:
8486:
8350:
8242:
8101:
7954:
7881:
7773:
7613:
7534:
7222:
7053:
6691:
6551:
6544:
6516:
6502:
6494:
6249:
6240:
6227:
6146:
6132:
5945:
5929:
5789:
5773:
5604:
5588:
5339:
5302:
5286:
4969:
4953:
4587:
4574:
4558:
4544:
4536:
3666:
3652:
3644:
3483:The middle Clarence dialects of Bandjalang
1517:in some varieties of Yugambeh-Bundjalung.
1398:Yugambeh-Bundjalung varieties do not have
473:Nyangbal, Bandjalang, Wiyabal, Minyangbal
4460:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
2071:'I will build a house over there shortly'
1669:('eye') used in all branches, except the
3157:Australian Bureau of Statistics (2021).
3090:
3066:
3042:
3013:
2991:
2985:
2960:
2936:
2912:
2890:
2884:
2848:
2826:
2820:
2794:
2769:
2745:
2723:
2699:
2676:
2647:
2624:
2601:
2577:
2554:
2526:
2479:
2439:
2411:
2388:
2364:
2312:
2240:
2218:
2212:
1383:because they are realised more often as
1155:
951:
824:
722:
616:
510:
441:
403:catchment as the northern boundary, the
355:
222:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3324:
3181:
3149:
3429:
3276:
3208:
2139:'He went to build a house over there.'
31:
3445:"Bundjalung Settlement and Migration"
2204:'He went to build a house over there'
1609:in southern varieties contrasts with
127:
7:
2956:'Clever Man' also known as 'Doctor'
2065:Ngayu yagahla ngumbin guh ngulungmay
1634:for 'woman', compared to the use of
1562:Yugambeh-Bundjalung does not permit
1469:The lateral phoneme can appear as a
905:Yugambeh, Yugam, Ngandu, Minyangbal
314:Middle Clarence (Western Bundjalung)
249:. For the distinction between ,
3197:Bowern, Claire (23 December 2011).
306:Condamine-Upper Clarence (Githabul)
27:Language branch spoken in Australia
3224:Bowern, Claire (6 February 2012).
2741:'A water fern with edible roots'.
2009:'I might build a house over there'
2006:I-ERG build-POT house {over there}
1493:, although it can sometimes be an
277:, that is spoken in north-eastern
25:
3729:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
2822:Language, mythology and ceremony
2133:Nyule yangehn ngumbin yagayah guh
1355:
1345:
1328:
1305:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1031:
1026:
1011:
1006:
991:
986:
979:
974:
3338:"Gidabal grammar and dictionary"
2198:Nyula yangahn ngumbin yagagu gah
495:Yugambeh, Ngarangwal, Nganduwal
429:is used as a cover term for the
301:Tweed-Albert Language (Yugambeh)
208:
196:
8620:South Australian Pidgin English
3566:Notes on the Bundjalung Dialect
3230:Historical and Pama-Nyungan Lab
2719:'Spirits of our grandfathers'.
1657:Another vocabulary isogloss is
1485:The rhotic phoneme has several
1418:, and others have decided upon
655:Bandjalang, Western Bandjalang
241:International Phonetic Alphabet
3536:Gidabal grammar and dictionary
411:marking the western boundary.
1:
8757:Severely endangered languages
8742:Yugambeh–Bundjalung languages
8615:Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin
3215:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2475:'The meeting of the waters'.
1133:in a similar way to English.
1122:to the neutral central vowel
545:Dinggabal, Galibal, Gullybul
7990:Malak-Malak (Nguluk Wanggar)
3583:Sharpe, Margaret C. (1994).
3442:Sharpe, Margaret C. (1985).
3159:"Cultural diversity: Census"
863:Yugam, Yugambah, Minyangbal
275:Pama–Nyungan language family
8610:Port Jackson Pidgin English
7972:Pungu Pungu (Kandjerramalh)
3596:. Muenchen: Lincom Europa.
1654:= language lit. 'of man').
8773:
7749:Kungarakany (Koongurrukuñ)
3686:Aboriginal language groups
3363:Cunningham, M. C. (1969).
3128:Bundjalung Nation Timeline
2643:'Winter camping grounds'.
1650:= language lit. 'of man',
564:Dingabal, Dingga, Gidabal
507:Condamine – Upper Clarence
481:Middle Clarence catchment
7884:
7810:Eastern (Goulburn Island)
7439:
7192:
7173:Wilson River (Wangkumara)
6977:Yimidhirr–Yalanji–Yidinic
6694:
6239:
6226:
6145:
6131:
5944:
5928:
5788:
5772:
5603:
5587:
5301:
5285:
4968:
4952:
4586:
4573:
4469:
4449:
3736:Western Bundjalung people
2435:'Place of many oysters'.
2003:Ngayu yagahny ngumbin guh
1888:A system of marking four
1567:deleted by some process.
1525:Yugambeh-Bundjalung is a
1501:at the end of syllables.
1344:
1160:
1158:
1025:
985:
456:Condamine-Upper Clarence
207:
195:
101:Linguistic classification
56:Western Bundjalung people
8046:Matngele (Werret/Dakayu)
7520:(Kurnindirri, southwest)
3564:Holmer, Nils M. (1971).
1671:Middle-Clarence language
773:Creek & Casino area
7889:Gulumoerrgin (Larrakia)
6623:Central New South Wales
3479:Crowley, Terry (1978).
3097:
3073:
3049:
3030:
3020:
2977:Gidhabal and Dinggabal
2967:
2943:
2919:
2871:
2865:
2855:
2801:
2752:
2706:
2683:
2663:
2654:
2631:
2608:
2584:
2561:
2542:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2446:
2427:
2418:
2395:
2371:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2319:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2190:
2179:
2171:
2160:
2149:
2125:
2114:
2106:
2095:
2084:
2057:
2049:
2041:
2030:
2019:
1995:
1987:
1976:
1965:
1941:
1930:
1919:
1876:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1681:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1611:
1605:
1393:manners of articulation
391:Geographic distribution
237:phonetic transcriptions
8369:Southwestern Tasmanian
8363:Northwestern Tasmanian
7653:(Kunwinjku, Gunwinggu)
7483:(Ganggalida, Nyangga)
6097:old Wangkumara/Garlali
6066:new Wangkumara/Garlali
4567:Pama–Nyungan languages
3950:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
2886:Human classifications
1955:'I will build a house'
1600:
1580:
1497:, and it is usually a
1143:places of articulation
1084:The low central vowel
795:Wudjehbal, Bandjalang
665:Wudjehbal/ Djanangmum
361:
234:This article contains
95:670 (2021 census)
7967:Batjamalh (Wadjiginy)
7959:Wagaydyic (Anson Bay)
7950:Daly River Sprachbund
7180:Bulloo River (Galali)
6699:Western Torres Strait
6525:Australian Aboriginal
5387:Woiwurrung–Taungurung
4475:By state or territory
3694:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
1952:I-ERG build-IMM house
1949:Ngayu yagahny ngumbin
1905:Tweed-Albert Language
1620:Tweed-Albert language
1598:
1578:
1527:stress-timed language
912:Dialectal differences
399:to the east and the
359:
283:South-East Queensland
273:, is a branch of the
117:Yugambeh–Bandjalangic
35:Yugambeh–Bandjalangic
8570:Torres Strait Creole
8482:Aboriginal Englishes
8246:Western (Nyulnyulic)
7142:Arabana–Wangkangurru
6614:Anewan (Nganyaywana)
6447:Gangalidda (Yukulta)
4322:Aboriginal languages
3251:stat.data.abs.gov.au
1511:onset-less syllables
1487:surface realisations
1118:short vowels can be
814:Bandjalang, Arakwal
8507:Roper River Kriol (
8458:Southeast Tasmanian
8347:family-level groups
6593:New South Wales P–N
6233:Macro-Pama–Nyungan?
2988:
2887:
2823:
2620:'Father's mother'.
2215:
1890:grammatical genders
1603:'What/something' –
423:Yugambeh-Bundjalung
409:Northern Tablelands
267:Yugambeh–Bundjalung
8424:Lhotsky/Blackhouse
8388:Northern Tasmanian
7610:Gunwinyguan proper
7444:Proto-Pama–Nyungan
7307:Ngarna/Warluwarric
7057:Arandic–Thura–Yura
6881:Guwa–Yanda ?
5698:Ngarluma-Kariyarra
4488:Northern Territory
3817:Western Bundjalung
3746:Aboriginal peoples
3704:Aboriginal nations
3450:Aboriginal History
3385:Spencer and Gillen
3232:. Yale University.
2986:
2885:
2821:
2213:
1601:
1581:
1558:Consonant clusters
1537:Syllable structure
1531:quantity-sensitive
1042:Vowel alternations
767:Bandjalang Proper
362:
8747:Bundjalung people
8729:
8728:
8725:
8724:
8596:
8595:
8545:Mornington Island
8521:Kimberley Kriol (
8472:
8471:
8418:Tyerrernotepanner
8317:
8316:
8150:
8149:
8082:
8081:
7944:
7943:
7846:
7845:
7777:Central (Warrkbi)
7763:
7762:
7709:
7708:
7529:Macro-Gunwinyguan
7452:
7451:
7435:
7434:
7400:Kanyara–Mantharta
7214:
7213:
7125:Northern (Palku)
7045:
7044:
6859:Bidyara–Gungabula
6683:
6682:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6418:
6417:
6286:Mangarrayi-Marran
6245:Macro-Gunwinyguan
6222:
6221:
6218:
6217:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
5924:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5647:Kanyara–Mantharta
5583:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5423:
5422:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5276:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4931:Mbariman-Gudhinma
4533:
4532:
4523:Western Australia
3880:Gidhabal/Githabul
3344:. 24 January 2013
3342:SIL International
3123:Bundjalung people
3114:
3113:
2984:
2983:
2883:
2882:
2819:
2818:
2707:Nguthungali-garda
2080:Yugambeh (Proper)
2015:Yugambeh (Proper)
1961:Yugambeh (Proper)
1896:Verbal morphology
1368:
1367:
1361:⟨j⟩
1351:⟨w⟩
1334:⟨r⟩
1311:⟨l⟩
1288:⟨t⟩
1278:⟨ť⟩
1268:⟨k⟩
1258:⟨p⟩
1241:⟨n⟩
1231:⟨ň⟩
1221:⟨g⟩
1211:⟨m⟩
1102:palatal consonant
1039:
1038:
947:⟨h⟩
942:vowels in total.
909:
908:
818:
817:
716:
715:
610:
609:
499:
498:
445:Language cluster
230:
229:
44:Bundjalung people
16:(Redirected from
8764:
8576:Cape York Creole
8534:Westside Kriol (
8500:Australian Kriol
8496:
8487:
8351:
8282:Eastern (Dyukun)
8243:
8102:
7955:
7898:Limilngan–Wulna?
7882:
7774:
7614:
7535:
7223:
7054:
6985:Guugu Yimidihirr
6692:
6552:
6545:
6518:
6511:
6504:
6495:
6250:
6241:
6228:
6147:
6133:
5946:
5930:
5790:
5774:
5605:
5589:
5414:Kuurn Kopan Noot
5410:Dhauwurd Wurrung
5340:
5303:
5287:
5238:Pallanganmiddang
4970:
4954:
4849:Aghu Tharrnggala
4588:
4575:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4537:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4462:
4455:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4412:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4374:
4373:(or Yuwaaliyaay)
4366:
4359:
4357:
4349:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4262:Aboriginal clans
4254:
4245:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3887:Gringai/Guringay
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3738:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3714:
3696:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3645:
3615:
3588:
3579:
3560:
3551:
3539:
3528:
3519:
3506:
3486:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3447:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3243:
3237:
3233:
3220:
3214:
3206:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3154:
3103:Wud-gie-Wud-gie
3100:
3076:
3052:
3033:
3023:
2989:
2987:Flora and fauna
2970:
2946:
2922:
2888:
2874:
2868:
2858:
2824:
2804:
2802:Wulambiny Momoli
2755:
2709:
2686:
2666:
2657:
2634:
2611:
2587:
2564:
2545:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2449:
2430:
2421:
2398:
2374:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2216:
2186:
2167:
2156:
2121:
2102:
2091:
2037:
2026:
1983:
1972:
1937:
1926:
1879:
1866:and Minyangbal.
1845:Noun declensions
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1662:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1614:
1608:
1543:syllable nucleus
1431:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1335:
1332:
1312:
1309:
1289:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1242:
1239:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1156:
1132:
1091:
1080:
1072:
1060:
1052:
1035:
1030:
1015:
1010:
995:
990:
983:
978:
952:
948:
840:Alternate names
825:
738:Alternate names
723:
632:Alternate names
617:
606:Warwick dialect
526:Alternate names
511:
478:Middle Clarence
442:
269:, also known as
256:
252:
224:
212:
200:
179:
165:
32:
21:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8766:
8765:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8732:
8731:
8730:
8721:
8673:
8635:Mixed languages
8629:
8625:Pidgin Ngarluma
8592:
8562:
8556:
8514:Bamyili Kriol (
8480:
8478:
8477:New Indigenous
8468:
8453:Little Swanport
8433:
8420:(North Midland)
8398:
8374:
8371:(Toogee) ?
8346:
8338:
8313:
8277:
8268:Djabirr-Djabirr
8232:
8201:
8178:
8146:
8123:
8100:
8078:
8074:Ngan’gityemerri
8055:
8032:
7999:
7976:
7940:
7914:
7893:
7870:
7842:
7826:
7805:
7759:
7737:
7705:
7702:(Enindhilyagwa)
7667:
7639:
7605:
7566:
7523:
7508:(Garrwa, north)
7492:
7448:
7431:
7380:
7334:
7301:
7210:
7188:
7112:
7041:
7004:
6972:
6930:
6817:
6812:Flinders Island
6783:Southwest Paman
6712:
6679:
6648:
6588:
6540:
6532:
6522:
6492:
6479:
6451:
6414:
6383:
6317:
6281:
6235:
6214:
6193:
6141:
6119:
6076:
6053:Wangka-Yutjurru
6000:
5972:
5940:
5916:
5888:
5865:
5829:
5811:
5784:
5760:
5732:
5664:
5641:
5599:
5575:
5542:
5519:
5461:
5419:
5391:
5357:Dja Dja Wurrung
5338:
5324:
5297:
5273:
5242:
5214:
5161:
5133:
5110:
5077:
5034:
5001:
4964:
4940:
4916:Flinders Island
4899:
4868:
4827:
4806:
4758:
4754:Guugu Yimidhirr
4732:
4711:
4663:
4647:
4613:Arritinngithigh
4598:Adithinngithigh
4582:
4580:Paman languages
4569:
4564:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4502:South Australia
4500:
4493:
4486:
4481:New South Wales
4479:
4474:
4465:
4458:
4453:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4352:
4345:
4339:(or Bundjalung)
4338:
4335:
4328:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4257:
4250:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3741:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3699:
3692:
3681:
3679:New South Wales
3672:
3622:
3604:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3563:
3554:
3548:
3531:
3522:
3509:
3495:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3428:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3275:
3266:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3223:
3207:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3119:
2815:'Turkey Nest'.
2211:
2206:
2196:
2188:
2177:
2169:
2158:
2147:
2141:
2131:
2123:
2112:
2104:
2093:
2082:
2073:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2011:
2001:
1993:
1985:
1974:
1963:
1957:
1947:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1898:
1886:
1872:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1691:
1590:
1573:
1555:
1539:
1523:
1473:rather than an
1360:
1350:
1333:
1310:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1240:
1230:
1220:
1210:
1139:
1110:velar consonant
946:
936:
931:
914:
823:
721:
615:
613:Middle Clarence
509:
504:
467:Lower Richmond
440:
420:
393:
343:
279:New South Wales
264:
263:
262:
226:
225:
216:
213:
203:
175:
161:
92:
91:Native speakers
80:New South Wales
71:
64:Yugambeh people
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8770:
8768:
8760:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8734:
8733:
8727:
8726:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8719:
8718:Murdi Language
8716:
8710:
8704:
8698:
8692:
8687:
8681:
8679:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8671:
8665:
8655:
8650:
8648:Gurindji Kriol
8645:
8643:Light Warlpiri
8639:
8637:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8606:
8604:
8598:
8597:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8584:
8581:Lockhart River
8578:
8573:
8566:
8564:
8558:
8557:
8555:
8554:
8548:
8542:
8539:
8536:Victoria River
8532:
8526:
8523:Fitzroy Valley
8519:
8512:
8504:
8502:
8493:
8484:
8479:languages and
8474:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8455:
8450:
8443:
8441:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8415:
8414:(Northeastern)
8408:
8406:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8384:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8372:
8366:
8359:
8357:
8348:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8319:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8285:
8283:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8249:
8247:
8240:
8234:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8224:
8218:
8211:
8209:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8199:
8194:
8188:
8186:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8160:
8158:
8152:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8144:
8139:
8133:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8121:
8116:
8110:
8108:
8099:
8098:
8092:
8090:
8084:
8083:
8080:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8071:
8065:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8042:
8040:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8030:
8028:Marramaninjsji
8025:
8020:
8015:
8009:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7992:
7986:
7984:
7978:
7977:
7975:
7974:
7969:
7963:
7961:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7933:
7928:
7922:
7920:
7916:
7915:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7885:
7879:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7868:
7863:
7857:
7855:
7852:Marrku–Wurrugu
7848:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7834:
7832:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7796:
7786:
7780:
7778:
7771:
7765:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7752:
7745:
7743:
7742:Other isolates
7739:
7738:
7736:
7735:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7711:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7697:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7675:
7673:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7665:
7659:
7654:
7647:
7645:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7620:
7618:
7611:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7597:
7591:
7585:
7580:
7574:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7543:
7541:
7532:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7515:
7514:(Wanji, south)
7509:
7502:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7484:
7478:
7473:
7462:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7418:
7417:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7388:
7386:
7385:South-West P–N
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7363:
7358:
7348:
7342:
7340:
7339:Desert Nyungic
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7319:
7311:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7283:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7267:
7257:Dhuwal–Dhuwala
7253:
7246:
7239:
7231:
7229:
7220:
7216:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7209:
7208:
7201:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7176:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7157:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7122:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7111:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7101:
7094:
7082:
7081:
7080:
7073:
7060:
7058:
7051:
7047:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7033:
7032:
7025:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6971:
6970:
6969:
6968:
6965:Lower Burdekin
6955:
6948:
6940:
6938:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6925:Lower Burdekin
6922:
6921:
6920:
6912:
6898:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6879:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6862:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6797:Southern Paman
6794:
6793:
6792:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6775:Mbarrumbathama
6771:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6735:
6726:Northern Paman
6722:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6705:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
6695:
6689:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6610:
6596:
6594:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6534:
6533:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6498:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6461:
6459:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6247:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6205:Lower Burdekin
6201:
6199:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6143:
6142:
6136:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6090:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6056:
6055:
6054:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5998:
5996:Lower Arrernte
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5970:
5968:Western Desert
5965:
5960:
5954:
5952:
5942:
5941:
5933:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5898:
5896:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5848:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5786:
5785:
5777:
5770:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5601:
5600:
5592:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5535:
5529:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5433:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5407:
5401:
5399:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5348:
5346:
5334:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5299:
5298:
5290:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5264:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
5261:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5143:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4978:
4976:
4966:
4965:
4957:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4792:Kuuk Thaayorre
4789:
4788:
4787:
4779:
4774:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4555:
4548:
4540:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4367:
4360:
4350:
4343:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4248:
4247:
4246:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3732:
3722:
3715:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3632:
3621:
3620:External links
3618:
3617:
3616:
3602:
3589:
3580:
3574:
3561:
3552:
3546:
3529:
3520:
3507:
3493:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3434:
3432:, p. 180.
3397:
3372:
3355:
3329:
3306:
3294:arakwal.com.au
3281:
3264:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3221:
3193:
3186:
3184:, p. 252.
3171:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2915:
2914:
2910:
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2903:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2862:
2859:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2809:Mount Warning
2807:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2660:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2258:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2210:
2207:
2189:
2178:
2170:
2159:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2124:
2113:
2105:
2094:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2029:
2018:
2013:
2012:
1994:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1929:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1897:
1894:
1885:
1882:
1871:
1868:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1817:
1797:
1796:
1772:
1744:
1743:
1719:
1690:
1687:
1685:respectively.
1628:for 'man' and
1589:
1586:
1572:
1569:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1519:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1138:
1135:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1003:
997:
996:
984:
972:
966:
965:
960:
955:
935:
932:
930:
927:
913:
910:
907:
906:
903:
897:
894:
892:
888:
887:
884:
874:
871:
869:
865:
864:
861:
851:
848:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
806:
803:
801:
797:
796:
793:
787:
784:
782:
778:
777:
774:
768:
765:
763:
759:
758:
755:
749:
746:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
720:
719:Lower Richmond
717:
714:
713:
710:
704:
701:
699:
695:
694:
691:
685:
682:
680:
676:
675:
672:
666:
663:
661:
657:
656:
653:
643:
640:
638:
634:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
614:
611:
608:
607:
604:
598:
595:
593:
589:
588:
585:
575:
572:
570:
566:
565:
562:
556:
553:
551:
547:
546:
543:
537:
534:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
508:
505:
503:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
468:
464:
463:
460:
457:
453:
452:
449:
446:
439:
436:
419:
416:
405:Clarence River
392:
389:
342:
339:
317:
316:
311:
308:
303:
257:⟩, see
233:
232:
231:
228:
227:
215:
214:
205:
204:
201:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
173:
167:
166:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
145:
144:Lower Richmond
142:
137:
130:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
119:
103:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
73:
67:
66:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8769:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8690:Nunga English
8688:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8676:
8669:
8666:
8663:
8662:Tennant Creek
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8640:
8638:
8636:
8632:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8568:
8567:
8565:
8561:Northeastern
8559:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8527:
8524:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8475:
8465:
8462:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:(Paredarerme)
8448:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8410:
8409:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8389:
8386:
8385:
8383:
8381:
8377:
8370:
8367:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8349:
8345:
8341:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8284:
8280:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8248:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8235:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8219:
8216:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8208:
8204:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8185:
8181:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8091:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8069:Murrinh-patha
8067:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8061:Southern Daly
8058:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8039:
8035:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8006:
8002:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7987:
7985:
7983:
7982:Northern Daly
7979:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7960:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7947:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7917:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7900:
7896:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7883:
7880:
7877:
7876:Darwin Region
7873:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7849:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7814:
7812:
7808:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7791:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7766:
7756:
7753:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7670:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7651:Bininj Kunwok
7649:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7573:
7569:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7542:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7526:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7510:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7488:
7485:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7455:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7383:
7377:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7353:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7296:
7295:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7266:
7265:
7264:Djambarrpuyŋu
7261:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7247:
7245:
7244:
7240:
7238:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7224:
7221:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7182:
7181:
7177:
7175:
7174:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7163:
7162:
7158:
7156:
7155:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7132:
7131:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7107:
7106:
7105:Adnyamathanha
7102:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7093:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7052:
7048:
7038:
7035:
7031:
7030:
7026:
7024:
7023:
7019:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6966:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6954:
6953:
6949:
6947:
6946:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6926:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6890:
6888:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6872:
6868:
6867:
6866:Margany–Gunya
6863:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6844:
6843:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6800:
6799:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6789:Kuuk Thayorre
6786:
6785:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6770:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6719:
6715:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6697:
6696:
6693:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6670:Gumbaynggiric
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:Victorian P–N
6553:
6550:
6546:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6530:
6526:
6519:
6514:
6512:
6507:
6505:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6454:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6421:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6386:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6229:
6225:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6134:
6130:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6079:
6073:
6070:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5975:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5936:
5931:
5927:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5780:
5775:
5771:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5586:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Adnyamathanha
5473:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Yabula-Yabula
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5116:Gumbaynggiric
5113:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:Gureng Gureng
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4761:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4749:Gugu Yalandyi
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4561:
4556:
4554:
4549:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4411:(or Dharawal)
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4305:Wallumettagal
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4231:Wanggeriburra
4227:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3547:9780855750190
3543:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3386:
3382:
3376:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3359:
3356:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3160:
3153:
3150:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3098:Wudgie-Wudgie
3095:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:Wu-yun Ga-li
2948:
2945:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2372:Bullen-bullen
2369:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1874:The abessive
1869:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1853:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:'Vegetable':
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1621:
1618:The northern
1616:
1613:
1607:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1515:glottal stops
1512:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1145:and only one
1144:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
989:
982:
977:
973:
971:
968:
967:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
953:
950:
943:
941:
933:
928:
926:
923:
922:Terry Crowley
919:
911:
904:
901:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
878:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
862:
859:
855:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
833:
831:Co-ordinates
830:
827:
826:
820:
813:
810:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
772:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
729:Co-ordinates
728:
725:
724:
718:
711:
708:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
689:
686:
683:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
654:
652:
648:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
631:
628:
625:
623:Co-ordinates
622:
619:
618:
612:
605:
602:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
586:
583:
579:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
525:
523:Areas spoken
522:
519:
517:Co-ordinates
516:
513:
512:
506:
501:
494:
491:
489:Tweed-Albert
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
466:
465:
461:
458:
455:
454:
450:
447:
444:
443:
437:
435:
432:
431:dialect chain
428:
424:
417:
415:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Pacific Ocean
390:
388:
386:
382:
377:
373:
372:
368:
358:
354:
351:
347:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
322:
315:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
260:
248:
244:
242:
238:
223:
220:
211:
206:
199:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
158:
154:
149:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
131:
118:
115:
114:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
104:
102:
98:
94:
88:
85:
81:
77:
74:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
8541:Barkly Kriol
8464:Bruny Island
8404:Northeastern
8390:(Tommeginne)
8174:Gajirrawoong
8038:Eastern Daly
8005:Western Daly
7700:Anindilyakwa
7411:
7407:Kartu–Nhanda
7365:
7351:Ngumpin–Yapa
7314:
7292:
7285:
7278:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7248:
7241:
7234:
7203:
7196:
7178:
7171:
7161:Yandruwandha
7159:
7152:
7140:
7128:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7075:
7068:
7027:
7020:
6997:
6992:Kuku Yalanji
6990:
6983:
6957:
6950:
6943:
6914:
6906:
6891:
6884:
6873:
6864:
6857:
6845:
6833:
6810:
6801:
6787:
6773:
6766:
6755:Umbindhamuic
6745:Middle Paman
6730:
6703:
6665:Bandjalangic
6664:
6639:
6632:
6612:
6604:
6581:
6562:Lower Murray
6548:Southeastern
6538:Pama–Nyungan
6379:Anindilyakwa
6139:Pama–Nyungan
6093:Bulloo River
6072:Yandruwandha
6059:Wilson River
5938:Pama–Nyungan
5850:Yindjilandji
5794:Ngumpin–Yapa
5782:Pama–Nyungan
5723:Yindjibarndi
5688:Martuthunira
5597:Pama–Nyungan
5429:Lower Murray
5295:Pama–Nyungan
5258:
4962:Pama–Nyungan
4744:Barrow Point
4336:
4167:Wirraayaraay
4139:Wangaaypuwan
4020:Nhaawuparlku
3894:Gumbaynggirr
3593:
3584:
3565:
3556:
3535:
3524:
3515:
3511:
3482:
3473:Bibliography
3458:. Retrieved
3453:
3449:
3437:
3388:. Retrieved
3384:
3375:
3365:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3341:
3332:
3325:Crowley 1978
3297:. Retrieved
3293:
3284:
3255:. Retrieved
3250:
3241:
3229:
3202:
3189:
3182:Crowley 1978
3162:. Retrieved
3152:
2734:"Yoo-k-eye"
2532:
2214:Place names
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2182:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2117:
2109:
2098:
2087:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2033:
2022:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1933:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1887:
1873:
1857:
1848:
1840:
1825:
1809:
1798:
1788:
1780:
1764:
1756:
1745:
1735:
1727:
1711:
1703:
1692:
1689:Vowel shifts
1663:('boy') and
1656:
1651:
1647:
1617:
1602:
1591:
1582:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1553:Phonotactics
1540:
1524:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1459:free variant
1452:
1448:
1447:
1397:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1140:
1114:
1108:following a
1100:following a
1083:
1045:
1041:
1040:
944:
937:
915:
881:Nerang River
858:Albert River
837:Area spoken
821:Tweed–Albert
735:Area spoken
629:Area spoken
448:Area spoken
426:
422:
421:
413:
394:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
352:
348:
344:
341:Nomenclature
329:(Guwar) and
325:
321:Bandjalangic
320:
318:
292:, including
287:
271:Bandjalangic
270:
266:
265:
253:and ⟨
235:
129:Subdivisions
116:
110:Southeastern
106:Pama–Nyungan
72:distribution
29:
18:Bandjalangic
8685:Neo-Nyungar
8658:Wumpurrarni
8653:Modern Tiwi
8572:(Yumplatok)
8394:Port Sorell
8365:(Peerapper)
8023:Marrithiyel
8018:Merranunggu
8013:Marri Ngarr
7789:Garig–Ilgar
7468:(register:
7294:Ganhalpuyŋu
7236:Dhaŋu–Djaŋu
7130:Pitta-Pitta
7016:Kalkatungic
6653:North Coast
6634:Barranbinja
6400:Kungarakany
6322:Gunwinyguan
6308:Warndarrang
6108:Barranbinja
6044:Pitta Pitta
5907:Mayi-Kutuna
5871:Kalkatungic
5756:Nyangumarta
5728:Yinhawangka
5538:Ngadjunmaya
5452:Yitha-Yitha
5382:Wemba Wemba
5367:Madhi-Madhi
5362:Ledji-Ledji
5233:Gunaikurnai
5124:Kumbainggar
4885:Mbara-Yanga
4854:Ikarranggal
4702:Wik-Ngathan
4697:Wik-Mungkan
4682:Kugu-Muminh
4419:Wemba Wemba
4381:Madhi Madhi
4371:Gamilaraay
4364:Dyirringany
4337:Bandjalang
4270:Cammeraygal
4160:Wemba-Wemba
4111:Yuwaalaraay
4013:Muthi Muthi
3782:Barranbinya
3677:peoples in
3430:Sharpe 2005
3277:Sharpe 2005
3110:Red Cedar.
3055:Ngu-ma-gal
3000:Pronounced
2899:Pronounced
2835:Pronounced
2790:on water'.
2384:'A fight'.
2227:Pronounced
1673:which uses
1505:Semi-vowels
1495:approximant
1475:approximant
1377:voiced stop
1063:neutralised
900:Tweed River
873:Ngarangwal
805:Minyangbal
776:Bandjalang
757:Bandjalang
712:Bandjalang
693:Bandjalang
674:Bandjalang
582:Tenterfield
401:Logan River
113:North Coast
8736:Categories
8529:Daly River
8460:(Nuenonne)
8447:Oyster Bay
8412:Pyemmairre
8273:Nimanburru
8238:Nyulnyulan
8217:(Northern)
8197:Gooniyandi
7936:Bugurnidja
7919:Umbugarlic
7822:Manangkari
7694:Nunggubuyu
7679:Rembarrnga
7664:(Ngalkbun)
7657:Kunbarlang
7600:Mangarrayi
7583:Warndarang
7539:Maningrida
7085:Thura–Yura
7022:Kalkatungu
6675:Waka–Kabic
6628:Wiradhuric
6600:Yuin–Kuric
6583:Bungandidj
6374:Nunggubuyu
6364:Rembarrnga
6354:Kunbarlang
6298:Mangarrayi
6254:Maningrida
6063:Bundhamara
6049:Wanggamala
6033:Yarluyandi
5902:Mayi-Kulan
5879:Kalkatungu
5856:Warluwarra
5835:Warluwaric
5713:Nyiyaparli
5467:Thura-Yura
5405:Bungandidj
5377:Wathaurong
5259:Bandjalang
5180:Darkinjung
5167:Yuin–Kuric
5147:Gamilaraay
5139:Wiradhuric
5040:Waka–Kabic
4936:Umbindhamu
4802:Yir-Yoront
4786:Ogh-Undjan
4728:Morrobolam
4608:Anguthimri
4603:Andjingith
4495:Queensland
4388:Nganywyana
4347:Darkinjung
4235:Kombumerri
4146:Wanjiwalku
4132:Wandandian
3985:Malyangapa
3957:Kula/Kurnu
3943:Karenggapa
3908:Himberrong
3866:Gandangara
3859:Gamilaraay
3845:Djiringanj
3824:Darkinyung
3810:Bundjalung
3675:Aboriginal
3603:3895867845
3575:0855750219
3494:0855750650
3257:30 October
3164:13 October
2997:Name/word
2944:Wuyun Gali
2896:Name/word
2861:Dira-wong
2832:Name/word
2812:Ngarakwal
2788:Wood ducks
2776:Woodenbong
2762:Ngarakwal
2684:Maniworkan
2632:Gummingarr
2594:Ngarakwal
2224:Name/word
2209:Vocabulary
2194:over there
2129:over there
2058:ngulungmay
2053:over there
1999:over there
1571:Vocabulary
1455:stop onset
1440:homorganic
1389:affricates
1385:fricatives
1381:obstruents
1371:Obstruents
1162:Peripheral
1137:Consonants
1116:Unstressed
896:Nganduwal
771:Bungwalbin
703:Baryulgil
578:Woodenbong
555:Dinggabal
427:Bundjalung
385:Bundjalung
190:Bandjalang
76:Queensland
70:Geographic
48:Minyungbal
8713:Cherbourg
8660:English (
8551:Kowanyama
8344:Tasmanian
8229:(Western)
8223:(Eastern)
8221:Ngarinyin
8207:Worrorran
8169:Miriwoong
8119:Jaminjung
7926:Umbugarla
7905:Limilngan
7715:Yangmanic
7684:Ngalakgan
7557:Ndjébbana
7552:Gurr-goni
7518:Gunindiri
7487:Mingginda
7476:Kayardild
7413:Yinggarda
7367:Warumungu
7271:Gupapuyŋu
7243:Ritharrŋu
7205:Paakantyi
7029:Yalarnnga
6952:Warrgamay
6936:Dyirbalic
6908:Dharumbal
6854:Southern
6830:Northern
6768:Umbuygamu
6762:Lamalamic
6660:Durubalic
6606:Dhanggati
6572:Gippsland
6567:Yotayotic
6541:subgroups
6531:languages
6529:Tasmanian
6470:Gunindiri
6432:Kayardild
6359:Ngalakgan
6344:Kunwinjku
6272:Gurr-goni
6267:Ndjébbana
6184:Ritharrŋu
6088:Baagandji
5884:Yalarnnga
5825:Warumungu
5817:Warumungu
5746:Karajarri
5660:Mantharta
5637:Yinggarda
5566:Natingero
5561:Kalaamaya
5480:Barngarla
5442:Ngayawung
5372:Wadi-Wadi
5336:Kolakngat
5307:Yotayotic
5228:Dhudhuroa
5220:Gippsland
5200:Ngunnawal
5190:Dhanggati
5157:Wiradjuri
5152:Ngiyambaa
5083:Durubalic
5058:Gabi-Gabi
5048:Barunggam
4992:Warrgamay
4974:Dyirbalic
4895:Walangama
4777:Kok Thawa
4772:Koko-Bera
4764:Southwest
4716:Lamalamic
4707:Wik-Ompom
4692:Wik-Me'nh
4652:Northeast
4633:Ndrangith
4426:Wiradjuri
4409:Tharawal
4402:Ngunnawal
4395:Ngiyambaa
4356:(or Eora)
4284:Gorualgal
4239:Mununjali
4188:Wiradjuri
4181:Wilyakali
4083:Paaruntyi
4076:Paakantyi
4069:Ngunnawal
4062:Ngiyampaa
4027:Nari-Nari
3964:Kuringgai
3719:Kuringgai
3637:, at the
3628:, at the
3460:6 January
3390:3 January
3348:3 January
3299:8 January
3003:Synonyms
2902:Synonyms
2866:Dirawonga
2838:Synonyms
2753:Wollumbin
2716:Githabul
2669:Githabul
2597:Crossing
2502:kurrachee
2468:kurrachee
2407:'River'.
2377:"Bul-na"
2353:balloonah
2281:balloonah
2230:Synonyms
1652:Baygalnah
1445:segment.
1341:Semivowel
1248:Obstruent
1153:phoneme.
929:Phonology
850:Yugambeh
809:Byron Bay
748:Nyangbal
707:Baryulgil
688:Rappville
645:South of
642:Wahlubal
587:Githabul
451:Dialects
335:Durubalic
290:varieties
171:Glottolog
157:ISO 639-3
84:Australia
40:Ethnicity
8668:Alyawarr
8587:Napranum
8380:Northern
8329:Giimbiyu
8322:isolates
8309:Ngumbarl
8253:Nyulnyul
8227:Worrorra
8215:Wunambal
8156:Jarrakan
7995:Tyerraty
7931:Ngurmbur
7831:Southern
7769:Iwaidjan
7755:Gaagudju
7728:Wardaman
7635:Uwinymil
7626:(Djauan)
7489:(Minkin)
7395:Ngayarda
7391:Pilbara
7322:Southern
7168:Eastern
7149:Central
7137:Western
7077:Kaytetye
7070:Arrernte
6959:Nyawaygi
6903: ?
6842:Eastern
6835:Warrongo
6803:Mbabaram
6750:Umpilaic
6688:Northern
6641:Muruwari
6405:Wardaman
6395:Gaagudju
6334:Uwinymil
6103:Muruwari
5991:Kaytetye
5986:Arrernte
5779:Northern
5718:Panyjima
5670:Ngayarta
5617:Badimaya
5505:Ngadjuri
5495:Narungga
5352:Bunurong
5320:Yotayota
5292:Southern
5205:Tharawal
5175:Awabakal
5073:Wuliwuli
5068:Wakawaka
5030:Warrongo
4987:Nyawaygi
4926:Kok Narr
4911:Djabugay
4890:Mbabaram
4873:Southern
4797:Kuuk Yak
4737:Yalanjic
4723:Lamalama
4677:Ayabadhu
4618:Awngthim
4516:Victoria
4509:Tasmania
4454:See also
4440:Yugambeh
4330:Awabakal
4291:Jerrinja
4243:Tulgigin
4223:Yugambeh
4202:Wonnarua
4195:Wodiwodi
4118:Walbunja
4097:Tharawal
4090:Barindji
4006:Muruwari
3978:Kwiambal
3971:Kureinji
3929:Jukambal
3922:Jitajita
3873:Geawegal
3838:Djangadi
3796:Bigambul
3789:Bidjigal
3768:Awabakal
3612:62185149
3211:cite web
3133:Dirawong
3117:See also
3079:Yab-bra
3062:Goanna.
3050:Ngumagal
3026:Jul-lum
3009:Meaning
3006:Dialect
2968:Cooradgi
2908:Meaning
2905:Dialect
2856:Dirawong
2844:Meaning
2841:Dialect
2664:Djuribil
2655:Jurbihls
2548:Galibal
2534:Dahbalam
2428:Boolinah
2419:Bullinah
2347:balloona
2320:Bullenah
2293:bullenah
2275:balloona
2269:boolinah
2263:bullinah
2236:Meaning
2233:Dialect
2145:Wahlubal
1870:Abessive
1864:Yugambeh
1860:Githabul
1854:Locative
1774:'That':
1750:'This':
1588:Isogloss
1564:clusters
1194:Alveolar
1179:Bilabial
1149:and one
940:phonemic
918:Githabul
834:Dialect
786:Wiyabal
732:Dialect
626:Dialect
574:Gidabal
536:Kalibal
520:Dialect
502:Dialects
438:Clusters
425:or just
418:Dialects
381:Yugambeh
371:Wirribi.
367:Wehlubal
294:Yugambeh
251:/ /
247:Help:IPA
177:band1339
148:Githabul
140:Yugambeh
135:Wahlubal
60:Githabul
52:Widjabal
8670:English
8602:Pidgins
8563:creoles
8516:Barunga
8509:Ngukurr
8491:Creoles
8439:Eastern
8355:Western
8304:Nyigina
8184:Bunuban
8142:Wambaya
8137:Ngarnka
8129:Ngurlun
8114:Nungali
8096:Jingulu
7878: ?
7861:Wurrugu
7854: ?
7838:Amurdag
7784:Iwaidja
7751: ?
7733:Wagiman
7719:Wagiman
7696:(Wubuy)
7672:Eastern
7662:Dalabon
7644:Central
7617:Western
7602: ?
7596: ?
7590: ?
7562:Nakkara
7547:Burarra
7531: ?
7498:Garrwan
7481:Yukulta
7458:Tangkic
7422:Mirning
7416: ?
7370: ?
7356:Ngumpin
7346:Marrngu
7316:Yanyuwa
7219:Western
7183: ?
7091:Wirangu
7064:Arandic
7050:Central
6967: ?
6945:Dyirbal
6927: ?
6919: ?
6911: ?
6901:Kingkel
6878: ?
6617: ?
6609: ?
6457:Garrwan
6424:Tangkic
6410:Wagiman
6349:Dalabon
6277:Nakkara
6262:Burarra
6029:Ngamini
6024:Mithaka
6014:Arabana
5978:Arandic
5935:Central
5861:Yanyuwa
5847:Bularnu
5807:Ngumbin
5802:Ngarrga
5751:Mangala
5738:Marrngu
5703:Nhuwala
5683:Kurrama
5678:Jurruru
5655:Kanyara
5632:Wajarri
5622:Malgana
5594:Western
5571:Nyungar
5556:Galaagu
5548:Nyungic
5533:Mirning
5525:Mirniny
5515:Wirangu
5447:Yaralde
5437:Keramin
5330:Kulinic
5195:Ngarigo
5106:Turrbal
5101:Nunukul
5025:Kingkel
5015:Bidjara
4997:Wulguru
4982:Dyirbal
4959:Eastern
4880:Agwamin
4864:Thaypan
4859:Takalak
4844:Angkula
4839:Alungul
4832:Thaypan
4823:Kuthant
4818:Kurtjar
4687:Pakanha
4628:Mbiywom
4623:Luthigh
4354:Dharug
4298:Ngambri
4277:Gadigal
4229:Clans:
4216:Yaygirr
4174:Wiyabal
4153:Weilwan
4125:Walgalu
4055:Ngarigo
4048:Ngarbal
4041:Ngambaa
3999:Milpulo
3992:Maraura
3936:Galibal
3901:Gweagal
3803:Birrbay
3761:Arakwal
3503:6041138
2925:Wee-um
2543:Tabulam
2520:cooriki
2514:hooraki
2508:gurigay
2495:English
2462:hooraki
2456:Gurigay
2447:Cooriki
2341:bulluna
2335:bullina
2329:Balluna
2305:bulluna
2299:bullina
2287:balluna
2272:and/or
2256:English
2247:Ballina
2172:ngumbin
2161:yangahn
2115:yagayah
2107:ngumbin
2096:yangehn
2061:shortly
2042:ngumbin
2031:yagahla
1988:ngumbin
1977:yagahny
1942:ngumbin
1931:yagahny
1915:Wiyabal
1837:Grammar
1830:nangany
1822:nungany
1721:'You':
1697:'Who':
1676:janagan
1648:Mibinah
1631:jalgany
1612:minyang
1529:and is
1465:Lateral
1400:voicing
1295:Lateral
1189:Palatal
1167:Laminal
1147:lateral
1120:reduced
1094:fronted
1092:can be
1073:before
902:basins
883:basins
877:Coomera
860:basins
790:Lismore
752:Ballina
684:Birihn
647:Tabulam
601:Warwick
597:Geynan
559:Tabulam
331:Pimpama
239:in the
8707:Woorie
8695:Yarrie
8678:Others
8589:Creole
8583:Creole
8553:Creole
8547:Creole
8429:Norman
8299:Warrwa
8294:Dyugun
8289:Yawuru
8192:Bunuba
8106:Yirram
8088:Mirndi
7866:Marrgu
7689:Ngandi
7624:Jawoyn
7571:Marran
7512:Waanyi
7506:Garawa
7466:Lardil
7427:Nyunga
7326:Ngarru
7287:Djinba
7280:Djinaŋ
7154:Diyari
7118:Karnic
7098:Kaurna
6999:Yidiny
6916:Bayali
6875:Bindal
6732:Uradhi
6475:Waanyi
6465:Garrwa
6442:Minkin
6437:Lardil
6369:Ngandi
6329:Jawoyn
6210:Bindal
6179:Djinaŋ
6174:Djinba
6164:Dhuwal
6137:Other
6115:Yardli
6019:Diyari
6006:Karnic
5963:Wanman
5958:Ngardi
5912:Ngawun
5843:Wagaya
5708:Nyamal
5693:Ngarla
5627:Nhanda
5510:Nukunu
5490:Kuyani
5485:Kaurna
5269:Yidiny
5254:Anewan
5185:Dharug
5129:Yaygir
5096:Janday
5053:Dappil
4921:Gugadj
4811:Norman
4782:Kunjen
4659:Umpila
4643:Uradhi
4638:Ngkoth
4433:Worimi
4312:Wangal
4209:Worimi
3915:Jeithi
3775:Banbai
3754:Anēwan
3610:
3600:
3572:
3544:
3501:
3491:
3086:Bird.
3074:Yabbra
3038:Fish.
3031:Jellum
3021:Jullum
2872:Goanna
2609:Gummin
2486:Coraki
2183:build-
2180:yagagu
2118:build-
2034:build-
1980:build-
1934:build-
1884:Gender
1803:'No':
1637:baygal
1521:Stress
1481:Rhotic
1449:Nasals
1318:Rhotic
1172:Apical
1151:rhotic
1106:backed
1104:, and
1098:raised
879:&
856:&
669:Casino
540:Kyogle
255:
219:UNESCO
8697:Lingo
8531:Kriol
8258:Bardi
7910:Wulna
7817:Maung
7799:Ilgar
7794:Garig
7630:Waray
7594:Alawa
7588:Yugul
7578:Marra
7470:Damin
7329:Thawa
7250:Nhaŋu
7227:Yolŋu
7198:Yarli
6893:Yanda
6823:Maric
6718:Paman
6577:Kulin
6388:Other
6339:Waray
6313:Yugul
6303:Marra
6293:Alawa
6198:Other
6189:Nhaŋu
6169:Djaŋu
6159:Dhaŋu
6151:Yolŋu
6081:Other
6039:Ngura
5609:Kartu
5397:Drual
5344:Kulin
5247:Other
5210:Wormi
5091:Guwar
5007:Maric
4904:Other
4591:North
4104:Thaua
4034:Ngaku
3831:Darug
3726:Murri
3712:Koori
3253:. ABS
3144:Notes
2920:Weeum
2562:Gunya
2396:Bulun
2175:house
2164:went-
2150:Nyula
2110:house
2099:went-
2085:Nyule
2045:house
2020:Ngayu
1991:house
1966:Ngayu
1945:house
1920:Ngayu
1877:-djam
1814:yagam
1806:yugam
1740:wehlu
1732:wihlu
1724:wahlu
1716:ngehn
1708:ngihn
1700:ngahn
1682:jiyaw
1643:dubay
1625:mibin
1622:have
1606:nyang
1547:codas
1499:trill
1457:as a
1443:nasal
1201:Nasal
1184:Velar
1131:]
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792:area
754:area
709:area
690:area
671:area
651:Drake
603:area
584:area
561:area
542:area
327:Gowar
243:(IPA)
8715:Talk
8709:Talk
8703:Talk
8701:Palm
8334:Tiwi
8263:Jawi
8164:Kija
8051:Kamu
7376:Wati
7361:Yapa
7037:Mayi
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6527:and
5950:Wati
5894:Mayi
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3608:OCLC
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3542:ISBN
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3499:OCLC
3489:ISBN
3462:2018
3392:2018
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2120:PURP
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1679:and
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1640:and
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2126:guh
2101:PST
2090:ERG
2088:he-
2050:guh
2025:ERG
1996:guh
1982:POT
1971:ERG
1936:IMM
1925:ERG
1666:mih
1436:/d/
1424:/g/
1420:/b/
1416:/t/
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