259:
chieftain Abda-El and maintained positive relations with it, but he clashed with the
Amorites inhabiting Eqel-Ibbi-Sîn, Išur, and Bāb-Ibaum, and incorporated the last of these cities into his kingdom after its conquest. In contrast with the fluid political relations with Amorites, he maintained a
207:
A number of objects inscribed with names of individuals identified as servants of
Bilalama have been discovered, including these attributed to the chanter (NAR) Wusum-bēlī, and a number of scribes (Puzur-Tishpak, Ilšu-dān and Lugal-inim-du).
203:
seal which states
Bilalama apparently gifted it to her. It is also known that he had a son bearing an Amorite name, Šalil-la-Milkum. It has additionally been proposed that a later ruler of Eshnunna, Uṣur-awassu, also was a son of Bilalama.
161:
chieftain who earlier for diplomatic reasons had his son Ušašum marry a daughter of Nūr-aḫum. Both marriages were most likely meant to guarantee positive relations between the rulers of
Eshnunna and the local Amorite groups.
252:
Multiple building projects are mentioned in
Bilalama's inscriptions. He added a new wing to the royal palace and rebuilt the temple of Tishpak, known under the ceremonial name Esikil.
226:". Tishpak was the tutelary god of the city, and was customarily seen as its king, with human rulers serving as governors on his behalf, similarly to how their contemporaries in
249:
1981-1962 BCE. This contrasts with the short duration of his predecessor
Kirikiri's rule over Eshnunna, which according to maximal estimates only lasted ten years.
623:
604:
643:
245:
Fourteen year names attributed to
Bilalama are known, but it is agreed he remained in power for longer, likely for around twenty years,
216:
As indicated by an inscription identified on a stamped brick from the palace excavated in
Eshunna, Bilalama used the titles "governor (
139:, which according to Katrin de Graef might indicate that a dynastic change occurred in the city after the reign of their predecessor
575:
691:
558:
De Graef, Katrien (2022). "The Middle East after the Fall of Ur: From Ešnunna and the Zagros to Susa".
271:
of Der, whose inscriptions indicate he was hostile to Elam. He was seemingly perceived negatively by
255:
Bilalama maintained independence from the major powers of his era. He married into the family of the
261:
177:
154:
themselves, or if their names only reflect a high level of
Elamite cultural influence on Eshnunna.
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571:
140:
67:
166:
72:
592:
563:
136:
272:
218:
92:
28:
567:
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consistently positive relationship with Elam. However, he was simultaneously allied with
283:
criticized him for disrespecting him in another letter, which he sent to Ilum-muttabil.
618:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 133. Leiden, Boston: Brill.
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188:
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The
Amorites: A Political History of Mesopotamia in the Early Second Millennium BCE
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of Elam, as documented in an inscription commemorating the construction of a
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158:
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145:
132:
96:
32:
223:
192:
171:
77:
231:
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Bilalama was succeeded on the throne of Eshnunna by Išar-rāmāšu.
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196:
128:
108:
303:
301:
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402:
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373:
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322:
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318:
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135:, Kirikiri. The names of both Bilalama and Kirikiri are
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The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East: Volume II
150:. However, it is not clear if they necessarily were
66:
58:
50:
39:
21:
165:Two children of Bilalama are known. His daughter,
119:It is assumed that Bilalama was a contemporary of
199:. She is also mentioned in the inscription on a
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505:
389:
362:
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8:
157:Bilalama married a daughter of Abda-El, an
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131:. He was the son of the previous ruler of
18:
614:Wasserman, Nathan; Bloch, Yigal (2023).
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406:
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82:, Šalil-la-Milkum, possibly Uṣur-awassu
588:Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.)
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562:. New York: Oxford University Press.
7:
644:Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative
275:, as a letter attributed to either
568:10.1093/oso/9780190687571.003.0016
14:
234:were seen as representatives of
591:. University of Toronto Press.
222:) of Eshnunna" and "beloved of
1:
667:
246:
43:
708:
530:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
506:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
390:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
363:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
308:Wasserman & Bloch 2023
672:
662:
656:
651:
26:
585:Frayne, Douglas (1990).
103:kingdom located in the
640:Year names of Bilalama
664:Governor of Eshnunna
597:10.3138/9781442678033
481:, pp. 491–492.
469:, pp. 495–498.
421:, pp. 492–493.
392:, pp. 216–217.
353:, p. 415-416.
692:Kings of Eshnunna
680:
679:
673:Succeeded by
625:978-90-04-54731-5
606:978-1-4426-7803-3
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85:
16:Ruler of Eshnunna
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657:Preceded by
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93:20th century BC
75:
17:
12:
11:
5:
705:
703:
695:
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670:1981-1962 BCE
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652:Regnal titles
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634:External links
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605:
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544:, p. 500.
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532:, p. 219.
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520:, p. 491.
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508:, p. 220.
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493:, p. 492.
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457:, p. 418.
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380:, p. 415.
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365:, p. 215.
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343:
341:, p. 489.
331:
329:, p. 416.
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310:, p. 225.
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293:
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273:rulers of Isin
213:
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116:
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84:
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176:married king
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99:, an ancient
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675:Išar-rāmāšu
542:Frayne 1990
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491:Frayne 1990
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443:Frayne 1990
431:Frayne 1990
419:Frayne 1990
339:Frayne 1990
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181: [
170: [
144: [
95:E ruler of
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62:Išar-rāmāšu
51:Predecessor
290:References
281:Shu-Ilishu
277:Ishbi-Erra
125:Shu-Ilishu
121:Ishbi-Erra
115:Background
107:in modern
59:Successor
686:Category
659:Kirikiri
152:Elamites
141:Nūr-aḫum
133:Eshnunna
97:Eshnunna
89:Bilalama
54:Kirikiri
33:Eshnunna
22:Bilalama
642:in the
257:Amorite
236:Ištaran
224:Tishpak
167:Mê-Kūbi
159:Amorite
137:Elamite
73:Mê-Kūbi
622:
603:
574:
193:Inanna
189:temple
91:was a
269:]
240:Ashur
232:Assur
212:Reign
185:]
174:]
148:]
80:]
68:Issue
40:Reign
620:ISBN
601:ISBN
572:ISBN
238:and
230:and
219:ensi
197:Susa
129:Isin
123:and
109:Iraq
29:Ensi
593:doi
564:doi
279:or
228:Der
195:in
191:of
127:of
111:.
31:of
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668:c.
599:.
570:.
498:^
397:^
370:^
315:^
298:^
267:de
247:c.
183:de
172:pl
146:pl
78:pl
44:c.
628:.
609:.
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