1031:
941:
893:
963:
1060:
1574:
4177:
4183:
4190:
772:
246:
168:
4170:
102:
1504:
Between these branches, however, is where it gets interesting, for there are numerous groups, our descended but a-scrotal cousins, whose testes drop down away from the kidneys but don't exit the abdomen. Almost certainly, these animals evolved from ancestors whose testes were external, which means at
1551:
The name comes from the word scrotum a pouch in which the testes permanently reside in the adult male. All members of the group have a postpenile scrotum, often prominently displayed, except for some aquatic forms and pangolins (which have the testes just below the skin). It appears to be an
1519:"Using novel phylogenetic methods to evaluate mammalian mtDNA, including amino acid-invariant sites-LogDet plus site stripping, to detect internal conflicts in the data, with special reference to the positions of hedgehog, armadillo, and elephant"
1030:
1505:
some point they backtracked ... , evolving anew gonads inside the abdomen. They are a ragtag bunch including hedgehogs, moles, rhinos and tapirs, hippopotamuses, dolphins and whales, some seals and walruses, and scaly anteaters.
940:
1368:
Arnason U., Adegoke J. A., Gullberg A., Harley E. H., Janke A., Kullberg M. (2008.) "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene.; 421(1-2):37–51
719:
The phylogenetic relationships of magnorder
Boreoeutheria are shown in the following cladogram, reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and protein characters, as well as the fossil record.
1636:
O'Leary, M. A.; Bloch, J. I.; Flynn, J. J.; Gaudin, T. J.; Giallombardo, A.; Giannini, N. P.; Cirranello, A. L. (2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post–K-Pg radiation of placentals".
645:
of the boreoeutherian ancestor could be computationally predicted with 98% accuracy, but would "take a few years and a lot of money". It is estimated to contain three billion
1318:
Murphy WJ, Eizirik E, O'Brien SJ, Madsen O, Scally M, Douady CJ, et al. (December 2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using
Bayesian phylogenetics".
1495:
892:
4785:
4739:
1946:
Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; Springer, Mark S.; et al. (2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using
Bayesian phylogenetics".
1701:
1896:
1471:
4176:
1425:
Scally M, Madsen O, Douady CJ, de Jong WW, Stanhope MJ, Springer MS (2001). "Molecular evidence for the major clades of placental mammals".
2210:
4225:
1382:
1841:"Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements"
1552:
ancestral character for this group, yet other orders generally lack this as an ancestral feature, with the probable exception of
2079:
Ma, J.; Zhang, L.; Suh, B. B.; Raney, B. J.; Burhans, R. C.; Kent, W. J.; Blanchette, M.; Haussler, D.; Miller, W. (Dec 2006).
1059:
4182:
544:
The majority of earliest known fossils belonging to this group date to about 66 million years ago, shortly after the
1575:"Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals"
245:
4189:
1705:
1909:
4744:
962:
2034:
Kriegs; Ole, Jan; Churakov, Gennady; Kiefmann, Martin; Jordan, Ursula; Brosius, Juergen; Schmitz, Juergen (2006).
1925:
Waddell, P. J.; Kishino, H.; Ota, R. (2001). "A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics".
1709:
1910:"Diverse phylogenomic datasets uncover a concordant scenario of laurasiatherian interordinal relationships"
571:
of
Boreoeutheria lived between 107 and 90 million years ago. The boreoeutherian ancestor gave rise to
4780:
4679:
3065:
2203:
4752:
4218:
2806:
1168:
545:
4169:
3909:
3095:
1908:
Xue Lv, Jingyang Hu, Yiwen Hu, Yitian Li, Dongming Xu, Oliver A. Ryder, David M. Irwin, Li Yu (2021.)
4726:
3319:
3008:
1955:
1645:
1327:
180:
114:
4064:
3488:
3349:
3220:
3143:
2999:
2630:
2595:
2447:
4118:
4057:
4049:
3816:
3802:
3377:
3370:
3178:
3074:
2950:
2906:
2778:
2741:
2541:
2313:
1084:
4033:
3968:
3923:
3788:
3746:
3650:
3641:
3509:
2978:
2913:
2863:
2748:
2584:
4717:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3961:
3930:
3888:
3881:
3774:
3753:
3630:
3565:
3544:
3460:
3439:
3405:
3268:
3254:
3247:
3206:
3192:
3164:
3129:
3106:
2985:
2920:
2899:
2849:
2720:
2659:
2520:
2499:
2286:
1979:
1679:
1523:
1442:
1387:
1351:
1297:
816:
372:
240:
4757:
4086:
3895:
3874:
3851:
3795:
3781:
3767:
3623:
3551:
3502:
3481:
3432:
3335:
3310:
3296:
3282:
3213:
3199:
3136:
3115:
2971:
2957:
2892:
2885:
2813:
2799:
2713:
2666:
2457:
843:
4093:
4071:
3902:
3830:
3718:
3530:
3516:
3495:
3474:
3425:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3342:
3185:
3122:
2927:
2856:
2792:
2727:
2673:
789:
771:
4586:
4026:
3953:
3837:
3760:
3732:
3558:
3328:
3275:
3261:
3150:
3088:
2878:
2785:
2340:
2196:
2162:
2110:
2067:
2022:
1971:
1934:
1878:
1860:
1821:
1803:
1764:
1671:
1615:
1597:
1542:
1467:
1461:
1396:
1343:
1289:
200:
110:
3739:
2820:
4607:
4348:
4285:
4211:
4011:
3865:
3453:
2621:
2152:
2142:
2100:
2092:
2057:
2047:
2012:
2004:
1963:
1868:
1852:
1839:
Esselstyn, Jacob A.; Oliveros, Carl H.; Swanson, Mark T.; Faircloth, Brant C. (2017-08-26).
1811:
1795:
1754:
1746:
1661:
1653:
1605:
1589:
1532:
1434:
1335:
1281:
1009:
673:
460:
404:
340:
232:
196:
3523:
4500:
4401:
4369:
3677:
3661:
3038:
2704:
1737:
642:
637:
568:
331:
208:
167:
122:
4618:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
4597:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)
2175:
1959:
1649:
1404:
1331:
4546:
4492:
4393:
4377:
3916:
3238:
2489:
2425:
2180:
2157:
2130:
2105:
2080:
2062:
2035:
1873:
1840:
1816:
1783:
1610:
919:
870:
691:
682:
464:
351:
345:
158:
154:
118:
2017:
1992:
1759:
1732:
4774:
4409:
3416:
3171:
2941:
2835:
2651:
2573:
2562:
1683:
1245:
is classified as a member of
Placentalia of uncertain affinities, according to 1997 "
1193:
887:
635:. The concept of a boreoeutherian ancestor was first proposed in 2004 in the journal
560:
484:
188:
59:
1983:
1446:
1355:
1301:
4554:
4484:
4385:
4340:
4078:
4018:
3809:
3616:
3607:
3596:
3537:
3289:
3081:
3047:
3015:
2769:
2755:
2681:
2530:
2036:"Retroposed elements as archives for the evolutionary history of placental mammals"
1217:
935:
503:
176:
150:
134:
2147:
2052:
4711:
4594:
4516:
4434:
4130:
3944:
3823:
3709:
3583:
3446:
2964:
2734:
2689:
2606:
2468:
1173:
1102:
1054:
766:
728:
580:
554:
456:
310:
130:
34:
4623:
4476:
4319:
4276:
4260:
4139:
4107:
3684:
3467:
3029:
2842:
2479:
2436:
1438:
1209:
1025:
957:
646:
588:
549:
472:
228:
224:
212:
184:
138:
79:
44:
4702:
1864:
1807:
1601:
548:, though molecular data suggest they may have originated earlier, during the
4631:
4578:
4455:
4447:
4327:
4293:
4153:
3983:
3975:
3691:
3670:
3356:
3157:
2870:
2271:
1967:
1657:
1593:
1537:
1518:
1339:
1285:
994:
700:
452:
360:
257:
192:
146:
142:
101:
84:
4650:(Lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
2166:
2114:
2071:
2026:
1975:
1938:
1882:
1825:
1799:
1768:
1675:
1619:
1546:
1400:
1347:
1293:
4696:
4570:
4426:
4254:
4041:
3844:
3725:
3363:
3054:
2828:
2644:
2551:
2408:
2386:
2352:
2298:
2243:
2219:
1993:"Reconstructing large regions of an ancestral mammalian genome in silico"
1856:
1733:"Reconstructing large regions of an ancestral mammalian genome in silico"
1272:
Springer MS, de Jong WW (2001). "Which mammalian supertree to bark up?".
1234:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
Exceptional clades whose males lack the usual boreoeutherian scrotum are
608:
300:
277:
220:
216:
126:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
4647:
4524:
4356:
4266:
4203:
2637:
2096:
2008:
1750:
1731:
Mathieu
Blanchette; Eric D. Green; Webb Miller; David Haussler (2004).
1553:
1221:
620:
596:
592:
576:
572:
468:
89:
64:
1782:
Foley, Nicole M.; Springer, Mark S.; Teeling, Emma C. (19 July 2016).
1666:
4639:
4615:
4463:
4310:
4248:
4235:
2509:
2325:
2255:
2249:
2237:
1899:, In book: "Mammals of Europe - Past, Present, and Future" (pp.31-48)
1238:
628:
600:
530:
515:
497:
287:
267:
4673:
16:
4508:
1991:
Blanchette, M.; Green, E. D.; Miller, W.; Haussler, D (Dec 2004).
1213:
632:
624:
616:
604:
584:
204:
4731:
4677:
4207:
2230:
2192:
1573:
Zhou, X.; Xu, S.; Xu, J.; Chen, B.; Zhou, K.; Yang, G. (2012).
4562:
1897:"Mammalian Phylogenetics: A Short Overview of Recent Advances"
1784:"Mammal madness: Is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?"
1383:"A phylogenetic foundation for comparative mammalian genomics"
612:
437:
419:
524:
509:
491:
428:
434:
2188:
443:
440:
422:
410:
2081:"Reconstructing contiguous regions of an ancestral genome"
1381:
Waddell, Peter J.; Kishino, Hirohisa; Ota, Rissa (2001).
425:
1463:
1702:"Scientists recreate genome of ancient human ancestor"
1631:
1629:
1496:"Why are testicles kept in a vulnerable dangling sac?"
1237:, but in 1974. John Howard Hutchison classified it as
467:. With a few exceptions, male boreoeutherians have a
413:
4104:
3941:
3862:
3706:
3580:
3307:
3235:
3026:
2996:
2938:
2766:
2701:
2618:
2602:
2591:
2580:
2569:
2558:
2547:
2537:
2526:
2516:
2505:
2495:
2485:
2475:
2464:
2453:
2443:
2432:
2421:
416:
407:
4686:
4606:
4545:
4536:
4475:
4446:
4425:
4368:
4339:
4318:
4309:
4284:
4275:
4129:
4103:
3940:
3861:
3705:
3660:
3640:
3606:
3579:
3415:
3318:
3306:
3234:
3105:
3064:
3037:
3025:
2995:
2937:
2765:
2700:
2617:
2406:
2351:
2324:
2297:
2270:
1912:, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 157
471:, an ancestral feature of the clade. The sub-clade
431:
4589:(Horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
1233:Florentino Ameghino in 1905. placed this genis in
552:period. This is further supported with fossils of
1788:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
325:Springer & de Jong, 2001; Murphy et al., 2001
2131:"Resolving the family tree of placental mammals"
1460:Mills, D. S.; Marchant-Forde, Jeremy N. (2010).
1267:
1265:
4219:
2204:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1376:
1374:
8:
1313:
1311:
4674:
4542:
4443:
4336:
4315:
4281:
4226:
4212:
4204:
3588:
3315:
3034:
2414:
2403:
2330:
2303:
2276:
2267:
2227:
2211:
2197:
2189:
166:
100:
20:
2156:
2146:
2104:
2061:
2051:
2016:
1872:
1815:
1758:
1695:
1693:
1665:
1609:
1536:
4557:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
1927:Genome Inform Ser Workshop Genome Inform
1261:
1185:
641:. The paper's authors claimed that the
4786:Extant Maastrichtian first appearances
483:The name of this magnorder comes from
520:) meaning 'good', 'right', or 'true',
7:
1249:" by Malcolm McKenna and Susan Bell.
564:dated about 70.6 million years ago.
1075:
1046:
1017:
927:
913:
757:
750:
743:
736:
722:
14:
459:that groups together superorders
4188:
4181:
4175:
4168:
2176:"Bringing back the brontosaurus"
1058:
1029:
961:
939:
891:
770:
403:
244:
451:, "northern true beasts") is a
1427:Journal of Mammalian Evolution
668:(Springer & de Jong, 2001)
475:was named after this feature.
1:
2129:Gross, Liza (14 March 2006).
1517:Waddell; et al. (1999).
2148:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040111
2053:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091
1845:Genome Biology and Evolution
653:Classification and phylogeny
531:
516:
498:
2174:Olson, Steve (April 2006).
558:and two species from genus
211:. Representing the orders:
133:. Representing the orders:
4802:
4626:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
4581:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
4487:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
1700:John Roach (25 Jan 2005).
1494:Drew, Liam (8 July 2013).
525:
510:
492:
4412:(Kangaroos and relatives)
4243:
4165:
3591:
2417:
2402:
2383:
2333:
2306:
2279:
2266:
2226:
1247:Classification of Mammals
1098:
1080:
1073:
1051:
1044:
1022:
1015:
990:
954:
932:
925:
911:
884:
866:
839:
812:
785:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
378:
371:
337:
330:
241:Scientific classification
239:
174:
165:
108:
99:
23:
4404:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
4296:(Platypus and echidnas)
1968:10.1126/science.1067179
1658:10.1126/science.1229237
1538:10.1080/106351599260427
1439:10.1023/A:1014446915393
1340:10.1126/science.1067179
1286:10.1126/science.1059434
540:Boreoeutherian ancestor
4527:(Dugongs and manatees)
4466:(Anteaters and sloths)
1800:10.1098/rstb.2015.0140
4753:Paleobiology Database
4396:(Quolls and dunnarts)
1919:Additional references
1895:Frank Zachos (2020.)
1594:10.1093/sysbio/syr089
1466:. CABI. p. 293.
1169:Mammal classification
546:K-Pg extinction event
3066:Pseudorhyncocyonidae
1960:2001Sci...294.2348M
1954:(5550): 2348–2351.
1706:National Geographic
1650:2013Sci...339..662O
1332:2001Sci...294.2348M
1326:(5550): 2348–2351.
1280:(5509): 1709–1711.
109:From top to right:
4380:(Monito del monte)
2097:10.1101/gr.5383506
2009:10.1101/gr.2800104
1857:10.1093/gbe/evx168
1794:(1699): 20150140.
1751:10.1101/gr.2800104
1582:Systematic Biology
1524:Systematic Biology
1388:Genome Informatics
555:Altacreodus magnus
535:) meaning 'beast'.
175:From top to left:
4768:
4767:
4680:Taxon identifiers
4671:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4495:(Elephant shrews)
4488:
4467:
4459:
4440:
4421:
4420:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4388:(Marsupial moles)
4386:Notoryctemorphia
4381:
4360:
4352:
4349:Paucituberculata
4333:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4163:
4162:
3910:Prozalambdalestes
3701:
3700:
3575:
3574:
3230:
3229:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2091:(12): 1557–1565.
2003:(12): 2412–2423.
1745:(12): 2412–2423.
1712:on March 21, 2006
1644:(6120): 662–667.
1473:978-0-85199-724-7
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:
974:
973:
855:
854:
828:
827:
801:
800:
506:' or 'the North',
457:placental mammals
396:
395:
381:Boreoplacentalia
326:
201:ring-tailed lemur
181:Desmarest's hutia
115:Lyle's flying fox
111:European hedgehog
4793:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4747:
4735:
4734:
4722:
4721:
4720:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4675:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4608:Euarchontoglires
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4543:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4465:
4457:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4430:
4411:
4403:
4402:Peramelemorphia
4395:
4387:
4379:
4358:
4357:Didelphimorphia
4351:(Shrew opossums)
4350:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4316:
4295:
4286:Australosphenida
4282:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4205:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4106:
4012:Kharmerungulatum
3943:
3866:Zalambdalestidae
3864:
3708:
3589:
3582:
3316:
3309:
3237:
3096:Pseudorhyncocyon
3035:
3028:
2998:
2940:
2768:
2703:
2622:Adapisoriculidae
2620:
2604:
2593:
2582:
2571:
2560:
2549:
2539:
2528:
2518:
2507:
2497:
2487:
2477:
2466:
2455:
2445:
2434:
2423:
2415:
2404:
2331:
2304:
2277:
2268:
2261:
2260:
2228:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2185:
2170:
2160:
2150:
2118:
2108:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2030:
2020:
1987:
1942:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1851:(9): 2308–2321.
1836:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1762:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1708:. Archived from
1697:
1688:
1687:
1669:
1633:
1624:
1623:
1613:
1579:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1540:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1403:. Archived from
1378:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1269:
1250:
1231:
1225:
1190:
1076:
1062:
1047:
1033:
1018:
1010:Euarchontoglires
965:
943:
928:
914:
895:
774:
758:
751:
744:
737:
723:
706:
705:(Ameghino, 1905)
687:
678:
674:Euarchontoglires
669:
534:
528:
527:
519:
513:
512:
501:
495:
494:
461:Euarchontoglires
450:
449:
446:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
390:
384:
341:Euarchontoglires
324:
249:
248:
233:Euarchontoglires
197:common treeshrew
170:
104:
94:
31:
30:Paleocene–Recent
27:Temporal range:
21:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4738:
4730:
4725:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4682:
4672:
4655:
4602:
4587:Perissodactyla
4532:
4471:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4417:
4394:Dasyuromorphia
4378:Microbiotheria
4370:Australidelphia
4364:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4301:
4271:
4239:
4232:
4202:
4193:
4180:
4167:
4159:
4125:
4099:
3936:
3857:
3697:
3678:Psittacotherium
3662:Stylinodontidae
3656:
3636:
3602:
3571:
3411:
3320:Paroxyclaenidae
3302:
3226:
3101:
3060:
3039:Gypsonictopidae
3021:
3009:Ferrequitherium
2991:
2933:
2761:
2705:Asioryctitheria
2696:
2613:
2411:
2390:
2367:
2347:
2320:
2293:
2262:
2233:
2232:
2222:
2217:
2173:
2128:
2125:
2085:Genome Research
2078:
2033:
1997:Genome Research
1990:
1945:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1890:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1738:Genome Research
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1562:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1410:
1408:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1317:
1316:
1309:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1232:
1228:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1165:
1160:
1151:
1142:
1133:
1124:
1115:
975:
856:
829:
802:
717:
704:
686:(Waddell, 1999)
685:
676:
667:
660:
655:
643:genome sequence
638:Genome Research
569:common ancestor
542:
481:
406:
402:
389:(Waddell, 2001)
388:
383:(Arnason, 2008)
382:
323:
243:
207:playing with a
123:Indian pangolin
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4799:
4797:
4789:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4749:
4736:
4723:
4708:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4551:
4549:
4547:Laurasiatheria
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4501:Tubulidentata
4498:
4493:Macroscelidea
4490:
4481:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4469:
4461:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:Diprotodontia
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4374:
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4345:
4343:
4334:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4251:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4208:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4112:
4110:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4068:
4065:Sheikhdzheilia
4061:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3949:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3917:Zalambdalestes
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3712:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3646:
3644:
3642:Onychodectidae
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3612:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3489:Cryptopithecus
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3350:Kiinkerishella
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3241:
3239:Palaeoryctidae
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3004:
3002:
3000:Horolodectidae
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2631:Adapisoriculus
2626:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2600:
2596:Prokennalestes
2589:
2578:
2567:
2556:
2545:
2535:
2524:
2514:
2503:
2493:
2490:Durlstotherium
2483:
2473:
2462:
2451:
2448:Bayshinoryctes
2441:
2430:
2426:Acristatherium
2418:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2171:
2124:
2123:External links
2121:
2120:
2119:
2076:
2031:
1988:
1943:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1831:
1774:
1723:
1689:
1625:
1588:(1): 150–164.
1560:
1509:
1486:
1472:
1452:
1433:(4): 239–277.
1417:
1370:
1361:
1307:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1226:
1218:hippopotamuses
1184:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
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1021:
1016:
1014:
1004:
1003:
1000:
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976:
972:
971:
968:
967:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
931:
926:
924:
920:Laurasiatheria
912:
910:
902:
901:
898:
897:
883:
880:
879:
876:
875:
865:
862:
861:
858:
857:
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761:
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749:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
721:
716:
713:
712:
711:
710:
709:
708:
707:
692:Incertae sedis
688:
683:Laurasiatheria
679:
677:(Murphy, 2001)
659:
656:
654:
651:
575:as diverse as
541:
538:
537:
536:
521:
507:
480:
477:
465:Laurasiatheria
394:
393:
392:
391:
385:
376:
375:
369:
368:
367:
366:
365:
364:
352:Incertae sedis
348:
346:Laurasiatheria
343:
335:
334:
328:
327:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:
298:
291:
290:
285:
281:
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271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
237:
236:
172:
171:
163:
162:
159:Laurasiatheria
155:Perissodactyla
119:Siberian tiger
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4798:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4781:Boreoeutheria
4779:
4778:
4776:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4724:
4719:
4718:Boreoeutheria
4713:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4688:Boreoeutheria
4685:
4681:
4676:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4595:Artiodactyla
4593:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4569:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4555:Eulipotyphla
4553:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:Boreoeutheria
4535:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4507:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4485:Afrosoricida
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
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4428:
4424:
4414:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4298:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4178:
4171:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4147:Boreoeutheria
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4058:Parazhelestes
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:Paranyctoides
4047:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
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3911:
3907:
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3904:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3817:Plesiesthonyx
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3803:Megalesthonyx
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
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3783:
3779:
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3723:
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3720:
3716:
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3711:
3704:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3682:
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3673:
3672:
3668:
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3659:
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3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3619:
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3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3598:
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3514:
3512:
3511:
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3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3491:
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3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3417:Pantolestidae
3414:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3378:Paroxyclaenus
3375:
3373:
3372:
3371:Paraspaniella
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
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3337:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
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3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
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3223:
3222:
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3211:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3179:Myrmecoboides
3176:
3174:
3173:
3172:Megaleptictis
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:Diaphyodectes
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2951:Archaeoryctes
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2942:Didymoconidae
2936:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2907:Protentomodon
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2866:
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2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:Chacopterygus
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2779:Aboletylestes
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2742:Sasayamamylos
2739:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2711:
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2699:
2692:
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2687:
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2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:Deccanolestes
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:Montanalestes
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:Microtherulum
2557:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2542:Indoclemensia
2536:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2494:
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2296:
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2275:
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2269:
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2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1884:
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1875:
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1854:
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1797:
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1465:
1464:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1418:
1407:on 2019-07-10
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
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1337:
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1325:
1321:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1241:. Currently,
1240:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1179:
1175:
1172:
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1167:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1085:Picrodontidae
1078:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
987:
983:
982:
979:
978:
970:
969:
966:
964:
960:
959:
952:
951:
948:
947:
944:
942:
938:
937:
930:
929:
922:
921:
916:
915:
908:
907:Boreoeutheria
904:
903:
900:
899:
896:
894:
890:
889:
888:Atlantogenata
882:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
872:
871:Palaeoryctida
864:
863:
860:
859:
851:
850:
847:
846:
845:
837:
836:
833:
832:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:Procerberidae
810:
809:
806:
805:
797:
796:
793:
792:
791:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
773:
769:
768:
760:
759:
753:
752:
746:
745:
739:
738:
731:
730:
725:
724:
720:
714:
703:
702:
697:
696:
694:
693:
689:
684:
680:
675:
671:
670:
666:
665:Boreoeutheria
662:
661:
657:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:
561:Protungulatum
557:
556:
551:
547:
539:
533:
522:
518:
508:
505:
500:
490:
489:
488:
486:
485:Ancient Greek
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
448:
400:
399:Boreoeutheria
386:
380:
379:
377:
374:
370:
363:
362:
357:
356:
354:
353:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
336:
333:
329:
322:
321:Boreoeutheria
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
282:
279:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
238:
234:
231:, comprising
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:European hare
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
164:
160:
157:, comprising
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
24:Boreoeutheria
22:
19:
4687:
4634:(Treeshrews)
4537:
4517:Proboscidea
4458:(Armadillos)
4341:Ameridelphia
4294:Monotremata
4174:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4138:
4092:
4085:
4079:Valentinella
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4034:Mistralestes
4032:
4025:
4019:Khuduklestes
4017:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3982:
3974:
3969:Avitotherium
3967:
3960:
3952:
3929:
3924:Zhangolestes
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3810:Meiostylodon
3808:
3801:
3794:
3789:Kuanchuanius
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3747:Chungchienia
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3651:Onychodectes
3649:
3629:
3622:
3617:Conoryctella
3615:
3608:Conoryctidae
3597:Schowalteria
3595:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3538:Palaeosinopa
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3510:Gobipithecus
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3295:
3290:Palaeoryctes
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3094:
3087:
3082:Leptictidium
3080:
3073:
3053:
3048:Gypsonictops
3046:
3016:Horolodectes
3014:
3007:
2984:
2979:Kennatherium
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2926:
2919:
2914:Puercolestes
2912:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2864:Ilerdoryctes
2862:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:Cimolestidae
2756:Ukhaatherium
2754:
2749:Uchkudukodon
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2688:
2682:Sahnitherium
2680:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2605:
2594:
2585:Murtoilestes
2583:
2572:
2561:
2550:
2540:
2531:Hyotheridium
2529:
2519:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2467:
2456:
2446:
2435:
2424:
2385:
2179:
2138:
2135:PLOS Biology
2134:
2088:
2084:
2043:
2040:PLOS Biology
2039:
2000:
1996:
1951:
1947:
1930:
1926:
1904:
1891:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1742:
1736:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1641:
1637:
1585:
1581:
1550:
1531:(1): 31–53.
1528:
1522:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1462:
1455:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1409:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1392:
1386:
1364:
1323:
1319:
1277:
1273:
1246:
1242:
1229:
1210:rhinoceroses
1188:
1101:
1099:
1083:
1081:
1053:
1052:
1024:
1023:
1008:
993:
991:
985:
956:
955:
936:Eulipotyphla
934:
933:
918:
906:
886:
885:
869:
867:
842:
840:
815:
813:
788:
786:
765:
763:
727:
718:
699:
690:
681:Superorder:
672:Superorder:
664:
636:
566:
559:
553:
543:
482:
398:
397:
387:Boreotheria
359:
350:
320:
307:Infraclass:
294:
177:Sunda colugo
151:Artiodactyla
135:Eulipotyphla
18:
4712:Wikispecies
4640:Dermoptera
4632:Scandentia
4624:Lagomorpha
4573:(Pangolins)
4563:Chiroptera
4519:(Elephants)
4509:Hyracoidea
4503:(Aardvarks)
4265:(unranked)
4131:Placentalia
4005:Gallolestes
3998:Eozhelestes
3991:Eoungulatum
3962:Aspanlestes
3945:Zhelestidae
3931:Zofialestes
3889:Barunlestes
3882:Anchilestes
3824:Plethorodon
3775:Higotherium
3754:Dysnoetodon
3710:Tillodontia
3631:Huerfanodon
3584:Taeniodonta
3566:Todralestes
3545:Pantolestes
3461:Bouffinomus
3447:Bisonalveus
3440:Bessoecetor
3406:Vulpavoides
3269:Lainoryctes
3255:Aceroryctes
3248:Aaptoryctes
3207:Prodiacodon
3193:Palaeictops
3165:Leptonysson
3130:Gallolestes
3107:Leptictidae
2986:Zeuctherium
2965:Didymoconus
2921:Scollardius
2900:Procerberus
2850:Didelphodus
2735:Kennalestes
2721:Bulaklestes
2690:Wyonycteris
2660:Garatherium
2607:Sinodelphys
2521:Hovurlestes
2500:Endotherium
2469:Cokotherium
2141:(4): e111.
1933:: 141–154.
1395:: 141–154.
1174:Placentalia
1103:Apatotheria
1055:Gliriformes
767:Taeniodonta
729:Placentalia
663:Magnorder:
502:) meaning '
332:Superorders
317:Magnorder:
311:Placentalia
131:white rhino
4775:Categories
4579:Carnivora
4571:Pholidota
4477:Afrotheria
4456:Cingulata
4437:inclusive)
4359:(Opossums)
4330:inclusive)
4320:Metatheria
4277:Yinotheria
4261:Vertebrata
4259:Subphylum
4140:Afrotheria
4119:Pantodonta
4108:Pantodonta
4087:Zhalmousia
3896:Beleutinus
3875:Alymlestes
3852:Yuesthonyx
3796:Lofochaius
3782:Interogale
3768:Franchaius
3685:Stylinodon
3624:Conoryctes
3552:Pentacodon
3503:Galethylax
3482:Coriphagus
3468:Buxolestes
3433:Aphronorus
3336:Euhookeria
3311:Pantolesta
3297:Pinoryctes
3283:Ottoryctes
3214:Protictops
3200:Praolestes
3137:Ictopidium
3116:Amphigyion
3030:Leptictida
2972:Hunanictis
2958:Ardynictis
2893:Pararyctes
2886:Paleotomus
2843:Cimolestes
2814:Bagalestes
2800:Ambilestes
2714:Asioryctes
2667:Namibiodon
2480:Durlstodon
2458:Bobolestes
2437:Ambolestes
2362:see below↓
2314:Cynodontia
2299:Cynodontia
2254:Subclass:
2046:(4): e91.
1667:11336/7302
1411:2021-08-09
1257:References
1026:Euarchonta
958:Scrotifera
844:Ambilestes
647:base pairs
550:Cretaceous
504:north wind
473:Scrotifera
229:Scandentia
225:Lagomorpha
213:Dermoptera
185:lar gibbon
139:Chiroptera
4648:Primates
4642:(Colugos)
4616:Rodentia
4511:(Hyraxes)
4448:Xenarthra
4435:Placental
4328:Marsupial
4154:Xenarthra
4094:Zhelestes
4072:Sorlestes
3984:Borisodon
3976:Azilestes
3903:Kulbeckia
3831:Simplodon
3719:Adapidium
3692:Wortmania
3671:Ectoganus
3531:Pagonomus
3517:Kochictis
3496:Dyspterna
3475:Chadronia
3426:Amaramnis
3399:Spaniella
3392:Sororodon
3385:Pugiodens
3357:Kopidodon
3343:Fratrodon
3186:Ongghonia
3158:Leptictis
3123:Blacktops
2928:Tsaganius
2871:Maelestes
2857:Gelastops
2807:Avunculus
2793:Alveugena
2728:Daulestes
2674:Remiculus
2287:Synapsida
2272:Synapsida
2236:Kingdom:
1865:1759-6653
1808:0962-8436
1684:206544776
1602:1063-5157
1500:slate.com
1243:Veratalpa
1222:cetaceans
1206:pinnipeds
1202:pangolins
1198:hedgehogs
995:Veratalpa
790:Alveugena
715:Phylogeny
701:Veratalpa
609:squirrels
479:Etymology
453:magnorder
361:Veratalpa
264:Kingdom:
258:Eukaryota
193:brown rat
147:Pholidota
143:Carnivora
4732:32005829
4697:Wikidata
4525:Sirenia
4427:Eutheria
4255:Chordata
4249:Animalia
4247:Kingdom
4042:Oxlestes
4027:Lainodon
3954:Alostera
3845:Trogosus
3838:Tillodon
3761:Esthonyx
3733:Basalina
3726:Azygonyx
3559:Thelysia
3364:Merialus
3329:Dulcidon
3276:Nuryctes
3262:Eoryctes
3151:Lainodon
3089:Phakodon
3055:Sikuomys
2879:Naranius
2829:Betonnia
2786:Acmeodon
2645:Bustylus
2552:Juramaia
2409:Eutheria
2387:Eutheria
2353:Eutheria
2341:Mammalia
2326:Mammalia
2250:Mammalia
2244:Chordata
2242:Phylum:
2238:Animalia
2220:Eutheria
2167:20076552
2115:16983148
2072:16515367
2027:15574820
1984:34367609
1976:11743200
1939:11791233
1883:28934378
1826:27325836
1769:15574820
1676:23393258
1620:21900649
1554:Primates
1547:12078643
1447:24199924
1401:11791233
1356:34367609
1348:11743200
1302:82844572
1294:11253193
1235:Talpidae
1163:See also
698:Genus: †
658:Taxonomy
621:dolphins
577:giraffes
373:Synonyms
358:Genus: †
301:Eutheria
288:Mammalia
278:Chordata
274:Phylum:
268:Animalia
254:Domain:
221:Primates
217:Rodentia
127:red deer
4745:1437010
4703:Q132666
4464:Pilosa
4267:Amniota
4253:Phylum
4234:Extant
3740:Benaius
2821:Batodon
2638:Afrodon
2248:Class:
2158:1395350
2106:1665639
2063:1395351
1956:Bibcode
1948:Science
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1817:4920340
1646:Bibcode
1638:Science
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3524:Oboia
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2181:Wired
1980:S2CID
1680:S2CID
1578:(PDF)
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1352:S2CID
1298:S2CID
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1180:Notes
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