184:
very high levels of valve acceleration and lift and also very small valve-to-valve and valve-to-piston clearances to be used in combination with very high engine speeds. For example, prior to the FIA restrictions, Formula 1 engines ran at speeds of over 20,000 RPM and power outputs of over 330bhp/litre normally aspirated using a conventional camshaft and mechanical valve actuation; it is extremely unlikely that this high engine speed and output can be achieved with camless valve actuation. At 20,000 RPM, the valves open and close 166 times per second.
117:
that, compared to a similar traditional engine, it offers a 50% reduction in size (including a 50-millimetre-lower (2.0 in) height), 30% reduction in weight, 30% improvement in power and torque, 30% improvement in fuel economy, and a 50% reduction in emissions. Christian von
Koenigsegg claims in a video that the Qamfree engine with the PHEA camless technology is based on an existing Qoros engine that was "...developed in Germany and Austria five, six years ago...".
280:, which is powered by a sequentially turbocharged 2.0-liter inline-three engine in conjunction with three electric motors. Two of those electric motors, each of which makes 600 bhp (450 kW), are on the rear wheels. The third motor is attached to the engine crankshaft and makes 400 bhp (300 kW). Working with the motor to propel the front wheels is what Koenigsegg calls the
53:
as only a few profiles can be in operation at once. This is not the case with the camless engine, where lift and valve timing can be adjusted freely from valve to valve and from cycle to cycle. It also allows multiple lift events per cycle and, indeed, no events per cycle—switching off the cylinder entirely.
192:
Camless engines are able to produce fewer emissions than their equivalent camshaft counterparts because they are able to more precisely control the combustion procedure, allowing for more complete combustion of all hydrocarbons. The computer is able to sense when not all of the fuel is being consumed
52:
Camshafts normally have one lobe per valve, with a fixed valve duration and lift. Although many modern engines use camshaft phasing, adjusting the lift and valve duration in a working engine is more difficult. Some manufacturers use systems with more than one cam lobe, but this is still a compromise
183:
Conventional mechanical camshaft actuation is capable of generating extremely high forces which, combined with very high stiffness/low mechanical compliance of a conventional modern valve train layout, are used to very accurately and consistently control the position the engine valves. This enables
213:
Camless engines can further reduce NOx emissions with the use of fuel staging. Instead of simply injecting a constant stream of fuel, fuel staging injects the fuel at the optimal time for the most complete combustion. Fuel injection can shut off when there is sufficient pressure and add more fuel
149:
engines was engaged by physically changing the direction of the cam roller, whereas with the new camless engine, it is controlled by a computer. This eliminates the risk of mechanical failures that could damage the engine if there was a malfunction while changing directions. Additionally, because
116:
hatchback at the 2016 Guangzhou Motor Show, which showcased a new Qoros "Qamfree" engine. The engine's
Swedish designer FreeValve claims that the 1.6-litre (98 cu in) turbocharged engine will produce 170 kW (230 hp) and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque. They also claim
174:
as control elements. They are multifunctional in a way to release, shut off, mix, or distribute fluids with high reliability and fast processing. The market for solenoid valves is growing with the imperative growth in all the regions. Increasing application areas year on year and advancement in
337:
159:
and can be constantly changed and adjusted without stopping the engine. This allows for the engine to run at a lower RPM, a feature useful in ships as it allows better low speed maneuvering while docking. Additionally, when a ship is maneuvering, the computer controlled
226:
Because these new engines can diagnose themselves and run efficiently without an operator changing settings, these engines require a smaller crew to maintain them at sea. This crew reduction equates to cheaper shipping and more global trade.
193:
and immediately relax valve timings to supply less fuel to a cylinder. The ECU can constantly adjust valve timing, height, and fuel/air mixtures to optimize efficiency for a given RPM/torque load. It can sense when there is a high amount of
154:
on the engine is lower, which is particularly useful in large marine engines, as it can equate to a large amount of power savings. With a camless engine, fuel injection and exhaust timing are directly controlled by an
426:
Lou, Zheng David; Deng, Qiangquan; Wen, Shao; Zhang, Yunhai; Yu, Mengjin; Sun, Ming; Zhu, Guoming (2013). "Progress in
Camless Variable Valve Actuation with Two-Spring Pendulum and Electrohydraulic Latching".
553:
247:
2.0-litre 4-cylinder petrol engine, and they jointly published results at the 2017 Aachen
Colloquium. Camcon also discussed features and benefits in an article and video that was published in
852:
929:
745:
205:
hotter or cooler. Since the engine is run electronically and not mechanically, camless engines can be updated to meet new emission regulations without mechanical modifications.
871:
150:
there is no chain connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, the engine is lighter with fewer points of failure. The absence of a camshaft also means that the
818:
351:
612:
101:
sister company FreeValve. Some of these systems are commercially available, although not yet in engines in production road vehicles. In the Spring of 2015,
562:
145:
system which uses the existing oil pumps, thus reducing development risks of the new system by employing existing technology. Direction changing on older
922:
239:
is developing a camless engine for passenger vehicles based on their proprietary
Intelligent Valve Actuation (IVA) system. Camcon has collaborated with
1474:
170:
are used to control valve activation that is electronically operated. These are used for controlling liquid or gas flow and are most commonly used in
105:
told reporters that the technology pursued by his company is "getting ready for fruition", but said nothing specific about his company's timetable.
120:
Christian von
Koenigsegg also claims that the PHEA camless technology allows the elimination of the pre-catalytic converter, because the standard
476:
915:
707:
883:
766:
741:
335:, Serge Masse, "Valve actuating device, and method for controlling same", published 2005-03-29, assigned to Renault Sport
856:
651:
632:
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141:, they may have fewer moving parts. In these systems, the camshaft follower, rocker arms, and/or pushrods have been replaced by an
318:
875:
501:
376:
579:
673:
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352:"Valeo tests camless system for gas engines; supplier hopes to produce fuel-saving technology by '08: AutoWeek Magazine"
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455:
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218:. This allows the engine to run as efficiently as the environment and heat capacity of the metal will allow.
49:. Actuators can be used to both open and close valves, or to open valves closed by springs or other means.
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845:"Advanced Actuators Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina"
332:
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technology and developed fluid automation technologies, all are driving the market on a global scale.
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819:"Valeo tests camless system for gas engines; supplier hopes to produce fuel-saving technology by '08"
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operated by means of electromagnetic, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuators instead of conventional
699:
164:
and valve timing allows for faster RPM control, hence faster stopping in emergency situations.
1243:
1128:
1113:
1090:
277:
240:
236:
90:
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598:"Camcon Auto Ltd, reducing CO2 and NOX emissions from vehicles through innovative actuators"
436:
293:
907:
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1008:
89:
who developed electro-hydraulic valve actuation in the late 1980s as a spinoff of their
1018:
281:
167:
161:
78:
1463:
1429:
1419:
1276:
1065:
983:
942:
872:"Study of a Pneumatic Hybrid aided by a FPGA Controlled Free Valve Technology System"
614:
Intelligent Valve
Actuation – a Radical New Electro-Magnetic Poppet Valve Arrangement
42:
38:
961:
380:
215:
198:
742:"Freevalve technology unveiled at Beijing Motor Show in Qoros Qamfree concept car"
61:
Camless valve trains have long been investigated by several companies, including
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when there is less pressure, allowing the engines to run closer to a perfect
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can be brought up to temperature quickly by manipulating the exhaust cycle.
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engine. It is rated at 600 bhp and uses the camless
Freevalve technology.
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The
Swedish company Freevalve AB (formerly Cargine), a sister company to
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138:
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program (both utilised similar electro-hydraulic actuation and control),
46:
674:"What It's Like To Ride In A Car With The Camless Engine Of The Future"
259:
113:
62:
17:
844:
597:
266:
109:
74:
70:
27:
Engine type that controls valves without using conventional cams
911:
853:"Valeo signs up 'several global automakers' for camless engine"
633:"New engine valve tech gives petrols the efficiency of diesels"
803:
194:
66:
611:
Roger Stone; David Kelly; John Geddes; Sam
Jenkinson (2017).
652:"Inside Koenigsegg Looks At Future Engine Technology: Video"
269:
presented a concept car incorporating Freevalve technology.
620:. 26th Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology.
405:
884:"ME Engines – the New Generation of Diesel Engines"
319:"1.6-liter 'camless' engine delivers 230 hp in Qoros 3"
456:"Koenigsegg planning four-door model, camless engine"
730:
from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.
527:
Freevalve Update Camless Engine - /INSIDE KOENIGSEGG
1412:
1359:
1267:
1219:
1151:
1142:
1104:
949:
580:"Intelligent Engines – The New Generation Machines"
108:In November 2016, Chinese automobile manufacturer
258:, is developing a camless system on an existing
723:Koenigsegg describes Freevalve - camless engine
923:
552:"Camless two stroke main propulsion engine".
502:"Koenigsegg camless engine wins PopSci award"
8:
265:In April 2016, the Chinese car manufacturer
128:Camless engines in marine and power stations
520:
518:
201:emission and change the timing to make the
1148:
930:
916:
908:
377:"Lotus Active Valve Train Research System"
354:. Autoweek.com. 2009-02-06. Archived from
802:. David Bowes. 2011-01-20. Archived from
704:KTH Industrial Engineering and Management
276:announced its first four-seater car, the
97:, Jiangsu Gongda Power Technologies, and
310:
479:. Top Gear. 2015-03-04. Archived from
477:"Get ready for the 4-door Koenigsegg"
7:
429:SAE International Journal of Engines
672:Travis Okulski (26 February 2014).
25:
1475:Engine valvetrain configurations
726:. Drivers Magazine. 2016-01-09.
710:from the original on 2017-02-25.
379:. Grouplotus.com. Archived from
137:Because camless engines have no
748:from the original on 2016-06-11
534:from the original on 2021-12-21
1:
744:. Koenigsegg. 26 April 2016.
631:Cropley, Steve (2017-05-24).
767:"Tiny friendly giant engine"
1491:
555:MAN B&W Diesel Engines
143:electro-hydraulic actuator
650:Kurt Ernst (2013-02-20).
530:. The Drive. 2016-11-09.
404:. Cargine. Archived from
282:Tiny Friendly Giant (TFG)
274:Koenigsegg Automotive AB
256:Koenigsegg Automotive AB
103:Christian von Koenigsegg
800:"EVIC Engine Home Page"
700:"Free Valve Technology"
231:Camless engines in cars
1071:Single-acting cylinder
1004:Double-acting cylinder
561:. 2003. Archived from
41:is an engine that has
939:Engine configurations
831:on September 29, 2007
504:. Msn.com. 2016-10-30
179:Technical limitations
1041:Oscillating cylinder
654:. Motorauthority.com
541:– via YouTube.
441:10.4271/2013-01-0590
235:The British company
1134:Two-and four-stroke
1036:Intake over exhaust
698:Gundersen, Øyvind.
243:to fit IVA onto an
157:engine control unit
122:catalytic converter
112:Auto displayed the
57:Camless development
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1153:Inline / straight
1051:Overhead camshaft
241:Jaguar Land Rover
237:Camcon Technology
222:Long-term effects
91:active suspension
87:Lotus Engineering
16:(Redirected from
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1144:Cylinder layouts
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889:. Archived from
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855:. Archived from
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272:In March 2020,
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168:Solenoid valves
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1056:Overhead valve
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1046:Opposed-piston
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878:on 2012-07-22.
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793:External links
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584:Marine Insight
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568:on 2016-04-22.
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209:Fuel injection
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162:fuel injection
152:parasitic load
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79:General Motors
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586:. 2019-03-28.
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483:on 2015-06-26
482:
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457:
454:Noah Joseph.
450:
447:
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408:on 2009-07-17
407:
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383:on 2008-08-20
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358:on 2011-05-22
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43:poppet valves
40:
39:piston engine
37:
33:
19:
1435:Split-single
1221:Flat / boxer
1081:Swing-piston
993:
898:. Retrieved
891:the original
876:the original
861:. Retrieved
857:the original
833:. Retrieved
829:the original
822:
808:. Retrieved
804:the original
779:. Retrieved
775:the original
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264:
262:car engine.
253:
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225:
216:diesel cycle
212:
191:
182:
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107:
99:Koenigsegg's
60:
51:
35:
31:
29:
1124:Five-stroke
1119:Four-stroke
1076:Split cycle
1014:Free-piston
957:Atmospheric
835:October 14,
435:: 319–326.
203:exhaust gas
1464:Categories
1129:Six-stroke
1114:Two-stroke
1031:Heron head
989:Cam engine
900:2009-07-22
863:2020-07-12
810:2011-01-20
781:2020-03-04
771:Koenigsegg
752:2016-06-11
658:2017-06-24
538:2017-06-24
508:2017-06-24
487:2017-06-24
462:2017-06-24
458:. Autoblog
412:2009-10-02
387:2009-10-02
362:2009-10-02
333:US 6871618
305:References
147:B&W MC
133:Advantages
36:free-valve
402:"Cargine"
188:Emissions
1061:Pentroof
1009:Flathead
999:Compound
977:Rotative
824:AutoWeek
746:Archived
728:Archived
708:Archived
678:Jalopnik
532:Archived
299:Multiair
288:See also
245:Ingenium
172:fluidics
139:camshaft
1269:V / Vee
1086:Uniflow
1019:Stelzer
994:Camless
972:Cornish
637:Autocar
114:Qoros 3
83:Ricardo
63:Renault
32:camless
18:Camless
1430:Radial
1420:Deltic
1066:Rotary
984:Bourke
683:5 June
339:
278:Gemera
1413:Other
1096:Wedge
962:Axial
894:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
618:(PDF)
566:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
267:Qoros
110:Qoros
75:Valeo
1091:Watt
1026:Hemi
967:Beam
950:Type
941:for
837:2005
685:2016
260:SAAB
197:and
95:Ford
71:Fiat
47:cams
1404:W30
1399:W24
1394:W18
1389:W16
1384:W12
1351:V24
1346:V20
1341:V18
1336:V16
1331:V14
1326:V12
1321:V10
1309:VR6
1297:VR5
1259:F16
1254:F12
1249:F10
1211:I14
1206:I12
437:doi
199:SOx
195:NOx
67:BMW
34:or
1466::
1379:W8
1374:W6
1369:W3
1316:V8
1304:V6
1292:V5
1287:V4
1282:V3
1277:V2
1244:F8
1239:F6
1234:F4
1229:F2
1201:I9
1196:I8
1191:I7
1186:I6
1181:I5
1176:I4
1171:I3
1166:I2
1161:I1
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