365:. His treatment of the pro-confederate civilian population was also harsh. Milroy's frequent arrests or exiles of women in particular outraged Cluseret greatly. Due to these disagreements Milroy pushed for Cluseret's dismissal, writing several letters to his superior Schenck to describe Cluseret's lack of rapport with his subordinates, his overbearing behavior to his men, but avoided mentioning Cluseret's lack of enthusiasm in enforcing the emancipation proclamation. Cluseret was finally forced to relinquish command in the second week of January 1863, but did not formally resign his commission until March of that year.
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of their horses, causing consternation and a torrent of complaints by officers of his brigade to the division commander, General Milroy. Later on, several officers of
Cluseret's brigade sent a formal petition to Milroy complaining of Cluseret's "tyrannical behavior" and rudeness, his lack of fluency in English and his European background which they viewed made it impossible for him to "understand the genius of our institutions" and (abridged) "inability of a commander of European conscripts to command American volunteer armies".
615:
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reorganising the
National Guard, but his attempts to introduce a centralised militarism led to friction with the federalist Central Committee who withdrew their willing co-operation, and routinely censored his proclamations. On 16 April he was elected a member of the commune, and subsequently reelected its Delegate of War. Disagreements with the other leaders of the Commune led to his arrest on 1 May, on a false charge of betraying the cause. On 21 May he appeared before an
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on the
Christmas eve of 1862 with his force of 3,000 men. A few days after marching into Winchester, Cluseret's forces were harassed by confederate cavalry. Allegedly, his command was so chaotic and disorganized that Cluseret by accident ordered his troops to fire on his own cavalry, which killed one
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was the first to reply and denounced the proposal, stating that it would surely lead to their "discomfiture and transportation", and added that the government would surely hear of the plot. During subsequent speeches, Leno noticed that only a matchboard partition divided the room they occupied with
513:
placed much of the blame for the failure of the Lyon
Commune revolution on Cluseret's refusal to arm the local volunteers. On the news of the Communard rising of 18 March 1871 he hastened to Paris, where he was appointed Delegate of War by the Commune's Executive Commission. He quickly set about
539:
fled to Geneva. This allowed
Cluseret to remain politically active although he was dogged with allegations of being a Prussian spy. His apparently comfortable living conditions were interpreted as a give-away. His time in Geneva was however largely uneventful and with new adventure in mind, he
518:
court and was acquitted. During the occupation of Paris by the
Versailles troops he hid at a priest's house, and in November left the city disguised as a priest and crossed into Belgium and from there onto Switzerland where he stayed until 1877. Cluseret published his
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in 1860 and participated in the foundation of the De Flotte Legion, a French Corps to assist in the fight for
Italian unification, of which he was soon given command. The legion was subsequently disbanded into the Piedmontese army and Cluseret lost his colonelship.
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another adjoining room, and that voices could be heard the other side. Leno declared his intention to leave at once; the others agreed and the room was soon cleared. The next day the meeting was fully reported in
264:
which was to later earn him hostility in certain socialist quarters. His support for an anti-Bonapartist demonstration on 29 January 1849 saw him demoted from command of his battalion, and he fled to London after
380:, which adopted a radical Republican perspective, criticising Lincoln's gradualist approach to the issue of slavery. After an acrimonious dispute between the two leading to a lawsuit, Cluseret had to pay
288:. It was at this time that he acquired the nickname of "Captain Tin Can", derived from his hoarding of canned meat and bread rations at the expense of his troops. He resigned from the army in July 1858.
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until his detainment, although he later claimed to have been a member since 1865. He made a brief return to
America to avoid further imprisonment, arriving back in France upon the proclamation of the
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National
Archives, RG 94, Entry 297, Records of Divisions of the Adjutant General’s Office, Appointment, Commission and Personal Branch, 1783-1917, Letters Received, 1863-1894
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Milroy arrived soon after to occupy the town. Milroy and
Cluseret then frequently quarreled; Milroy was an unrestrained and radical abolitionist, and actively enforced the
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600:. From this point on, he consistently emphasised nationalist, over socialist perspectives, and regularly engaged in increasingly anti-Semitic diatribes.
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where he stayed until 1886, making a living as an artist and porcelain maker, and providing the US government with a report on Turkish cotton.
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After his initial attempts to obtain a commission in the French army were refused he set to work to organize the social revolution, first at
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had met and, being opposed to unnecessary violence, bitterly opposed the interference of Cluseret, as did most of the other members of the
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450:, although Leno's speech had been attributed to George Odgers, who had in fact been the only person to support Cluserat's proposal.
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341:. Many national officers perceived him as a soldier of fortune. He received orders from Milroy to take his brigade through the
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582:. In 1888, 1889, 1893 and 1898 he was returned to the Chamber of Deputies as a socialist by the electorate of
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as part of a diversionary plan to undermine British influence in the Mediterranean. He participated in the
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at first, skirmishing with confederate troops and capturing some. Cluseret then marched northwards for the
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989:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
970:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
951:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
932:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
913:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
894:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
800:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
749:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
667:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
648:
Bargain-Villeger, Alban (2014). "Captain Tin Can. Gustave Cluseret and the Socialist Lefts, 1848–1900".
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431:, in a private room of the "White Horse" in Rathbone Place. He proposed that they create civil war in
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In 1861 Cluseret returned to America to 'participate in the triumph of freedom'. He served under
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He was reinstated as a lieutenant in early 1853 and took part in several expeditions to
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in late September 1877 intent on recruiting volunteers to found a republic in
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He soon incurred the wrath of the French authorities, serving two months at
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548:. After several months travelling through the Balkans, Cluseret made it to
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in 1889. This commenced his steady drift away from socialism, leaving the
559:
He made a brief return to France in 1880 following the amnesty offered to
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726:"My will is absolute law": a biography of Union general Robert H. Milroy
17:
1033:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 570.
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for an antimilitarist article published in his newly founded newspaper
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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423:'s Hyde Park demonstration in 1867. He met a dozen members of the
728:. Jefferson, NC : McFarland & Co. pp. 76 & 86.
462:. Cluseret's "call to arms" was rejected and he left England for
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325:, and actively lobbied to secure his promotion to the rank of
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and offered the service of two thousand sworn members of the
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General Gustave Paul Cluseret, during the American Civil War
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in 1893, and siding with the anti-Dreyfusards during the
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a ÂŁ1,148 fine, although he remained proprietor of the
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soldier and politician who served as a general in the
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490:ideas since 1848, it appears he did not join the
486:. Although he claimed to have had an interest in
1037:The Aftermath with Autobiography of the Author (
552:, but little is known of his involvement in the
1100:People sentenced to death in absentia by France
1041:published By Reeves & Turner, London 1892)
482:. At this time he met several members of the
439:body, and that he would act as their leader.
260:, and participated in the suppression of the
8:
368:Following his resignation he co-founded the
355:famous town of Winchester, which he occupied
1080:Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood
629:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
700:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
42:
31:
574:After his return to France he settled in
454:was fully satisfied with the success the
883:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 240.
868:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 221.
853:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 218.
838:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 199.
823:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 187.
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772:(First ed.). Gollancz. p. 188.
392:The Fenian Brotherhood and Reform League
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586:, but forfeiting his alliance with the
98:Suresnes Old Cemetery, Suresnes, France
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688:Memoires du general Cluseret: Tome III
594:International Workingmen's Association
523:(of the Commune) at Paris in 1887–88.
492:International Workingmen's Association
484:International Workingmen's Association
215:(13 June 1823 – 22 August 1900) was a
244:Cluseret was born on 13 June 1823 in
7:
396:In 1866, the governor of New York,
227:, and Delegate for War during the
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603:Cluseret died on 22 August 1900.
531:Following the suppression of the
329:. Cluseret later served in under
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686:Cluseret, Gustave-Paul (1887).
296:After brief spells in Northern
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284:, and was wounded during the
27:French soldier and politician
124:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1090:People of the Fenian Rising
292:With Garibaldi's Volunteers
258:February revolution of 1848
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724:Noyalas, Jonathan (2006).
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254:Saint-Cyr military academy
881:The Paris Commune of 1871
866:The Paris Commune of 1871
851:The Paris Commune of 1871
836:The Paris Commune of 1871
821:The Paris Commune of 1871
770:The Paris Commune of 1871
621:American Civil War portal
363:emancipation proclamation
333:, in the 2nd division of
313:In the American Civil War
252:. In 1841 he entered the
41:
879:Jellinek, Frank (1937).
864:Jellinek, Frank (1937).
849:Jellinek, Frank (1937).
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819:Jellinek, Frank (1937).
768:Jellinek, Frank (1937).
565:Ernest Courtot de Cissey
267:Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
116:United States of America
1030:Encyclopædia Britannica
1025:Cluseret, Gustave Paul
108:Second French Republic
690:. Paris. p. 155.
476:Sainte-PĂ©lagie Prison
406:Fenian Rising of 1867
213:Gustave Paul Cluseret
154:Years of service
36:Gustave Paul Cluseret
1085:People from Suresnes
1070:French Army officers
388:for a further year.
157:1843 - 1860 (France)
112:Second French Empire
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343:Allegheny Mountains
286:siege of Sebastopol
280:. He served in the
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402:Fenian Brotherhood
262:June Days Uprising
240:In the French Army
225:American Civil War
192:American Civil War
140:United States Army
1075:French socialists
1039:John Bedford Leno
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896:Socialist History
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751:Socialist History
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650:Socialist History
567:. He returned to
554:Russo-Turkish war
540:departed for the
527:After the Commune
452:John Bedford Leno
441:John Bedford Leno
429:John Bedford Leno
372:-based newspaper
347:Shenandoah Valley
335:Robert C. Schenck
327:brigadier general
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1060:1900 deaths
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282:Crimean War
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136:French Army
1065:Communards
1049:Categories
735:0786425083
635:References
561:Communards
537:Communards
507:Marseilles
386:New Nation
374:New Nation
339:VIII Corps
221:Union Army
148:Communards
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104:Allegiance
60:1823-06-13
696:cite book
589:Guesdists
498:in 1870.
488:socialist
447:The Times
351:Strasburg
345:into the
323:McClellan
271:1851 coup
235:Biography
607:See also
521:MĂ©moires
411:He fled
246:Suresnes
170:(France)
130:Service/
89:, France
67:Suresnes
18:Cluseret
1018::
533:Commune
433:England
413:Ireland
382:Fremont
378:Fremont
319:Fremont
298:Algeria
278:Algeria
168:Captain
1012:
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584:Toulon
580:Toulon
576:Hyères
546:Turkey
516:ad hoc
437:Fenian
417:London
306:Naples
217:French
132:branch
87:Toulon
71:France
997:: 13.
978:: 18.
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535:many
480:L'Art
464:Paris
376:with
180:(USA)
120:Union
730:ISBN
702:link
503:Lyon
321:and
300:and
164:Rank
77:Died
54:Born
1027:".
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