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there was a decline of jobs requiring moderate physical activity from 50% to 20%, and one in two
Americans had a physically demanding job, while in 2011 this ratio was one in five. From 1990 to 2016, there was a decrease of about one third in manual labor jobs/employment. In 2008, the United States American National Health Interview Survey found that 36% of adults were inactive, and 59% of adult respondents never participated in vigorous physical activity lasting more than 10 minutes per week. According to a 2018 study, office based workers typically spend 70-85% sitting. In the US population, prevalence of sitting watching television or videos at least 2 h/d was high in 2015-2016 (ranging from 59% to 65%); the estimated prevalence of computer use outside school or work for at least 1 h/d increased from 2001 to 2016 (from 43% to 56% for children, from 53% to 57% among adolescents, and from 29% to 50% for adults); and estimated total sitting time increased from 2007 to 2016 (from 7.0 to 8.2 h/d among adolescents and from 5.5 to 6.4 h/d among adults).
511:
219:
154:
608:
440:, which act as cushions between the vertebrae, are subjected to constant pressure when sitting for prolonged periods. This compression can lead to disc degeneration and herniation. Additionally, collagen, a primary structural protein in tendons and ligaments, tends to harden when not regularly stretched and mobilized, which leads to decreased flexibility and increased risk of injury in the back.
52:
144:
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and waist circumference. The interventions used in the study included stand-up desks and easels, the use of timers, and sport and circus equipment in the classroom. Teachers also made lessons more active, and added breaks to lessons to promote active time. In the US, another intervention for children
580:
are more likely to become healthy adults; children benefit both physically and mentally when they replace sedentary behavior with active behavior. Despite this knowledge and due in part to an increase in sedentary behaviors, children have 8 fewer hours of free play each week than they did 20 years
554:
Occupational sedentary behaviour accounts for a significant proportion of sitting time for many adults. Some workplaces have implemented exercise classes at lunch, walking challenges among coworkers, or allowing employees to stand rather than sit at their desks during work. Workplace interventions
661:
Over the last hundred years, there has been a large shift from manual labor jobs (e.g. farming, manufacturing, building) to office jobs which is due to many contributing factors including globalization, outsourcing of jobs and technological advances (specifically internet and computers). In 1960,
563:
A 2018 Cochrane review concluded that "At present there is low‐quality evidence that sit‐stand desks may reduce sitting at work in the first year of their use. However, the effects are likely to reduce with time. There is generally insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about such effects for
532:
Recent innovations in AI technology have led to the development of exercise prescription systems designed to reduce sedentary behavior. These systems deliver personalized exercise plans by analyzing individual health metrics, potentially decreasing the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and its
497:
Prolonged sitting impedes venous return from the legs to the heart, leading to venous stasis (slow blood flow in the veins). This can cause fluid to pool in the lower extremities, resulting in swelling (edema) and varicose veins. Also, sluggish blood flow increases the risk of clot formation,
584:
Several studies have examined the effects of adding height-adjustable standing desks to classrooms, which have reduced the time spent sitting. However, associating the reduction in sitting with health effects is challenging. In one study conducted on
Australian school children, known as the
567:
An intervention to encourage office workers to stand and move reduced their sitting time by 22 minutes after 1 year; the effect was 3-times greater when the intervention included a sit-to-stand desk. The intervention also led to small improvements in stress, wellbeing and vigor.
412:), impairing cognitive functions such as concentration and alertness. The brain relies heavily on a continuous supply of oxygen and glucose for optimal performance; decreased circulation hampers this supply, resulting in cognitive sluggishness and decreased mental sharpness.
2001:
Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bajaj RR, Silver MA, Mitchell MS, Alter DA (January 2015). "Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis".
1896:
The research literature suggests that for many variables there is now ample evidence that a definite relationship exists between exercise and improved mental health. This is particularly evident in the case of a reduction of anxiety and
460:
One study found that interrupting sitting with 20 minutes of light-intensity walking each hour significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure in healthy participants or 3 minutes of light intensity walking every 30 minutes.
448:
Physical inactivity reduces the efficiency of the cardiovascular system. Sluggish blood flow allows for the accumulation of fatty acids and lipids in the blood vessels. These deposits can adhere to the vessel walls, forming plaques
199:
Sitting time is a common measure of a sedentary lifestyle. A global review representing 47% of the global adult population found that the average person sits down for 4.7 to 6.5 hours a day with the average going up every year. The
1044:
234:(METs), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture". Spending most waking hours sitting does not necessarily mean that an individual is sedentary, though sitting and lying down most frequently are sedentary behaviors.
541:
Some evidence has been found of a negative association between exposure to an existing urban motorway and moderate to vigorous physical activity. The proportion of physically active individuals was higher in high- versus
2157:
428:, leading to muscle tension and pain in the neck and shoulders. Over time, this can cause the cervical vertebrae to become misaligned permanently, leading to chronic neck pain and potential nerve impingement.
257:
At least 300,000 premature deaths, and $ 90 billion in direct healthcare costs are caused by obesity and sedentary lifestyle per year in the US alone. The risk is higher among those that sit still more than
3073:"A three arm cluster randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the SMART Work & Life intervention for reducing daily sitting time in office workers: study protocol"
175:
type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise. A person living a sedentary lifestyle is often sitting or lying down while engaged in an activity like
546:
neighborhoods. Rising rates of being overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity in China's rapidly growing cities and urban populations have been due to urban development practices and policies.
210:
is a term for the amount of time a person spends looking at a screen such as a television, computer monitor, or mobile device. Excessive screen time is linked to negative health consequences.
1179:
Laurson KR, Eisenmann JC, Welk GJ, Wickel EE, Gentile DA, Walsh DA (August 2008). "Combined influence of physical activity and screen time recommendations on childhood overweight".
2186:
1884:
1487:
Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ (May 2006). "Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data".
2212:
Kraemer J (March 1995). "Natural course and prognosis of intervertebral disc diseases. International
Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Seattle, Washington, June 1994".
62:
618:
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such as alternative activity workstations, sit-stand desks, and promotion of stair use are among measures implemented to counter the harms of a sedentary workplace.
1555:
Manson JE, Skerrett PJ, Greenland P, VanItallie TB (February 2004). "The escalating pandemics of obesity and sedentary lifestyle. A call to action for clinicians".
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potentially leading to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, which can travel to the lungs and cause a life-threatening
2673:"A Cluster-Randomised Crossover Pilot Feasibility Study of a Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Occupational Sedentary Behaviour in Professional Male Employees"
1807:"Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis"
1983:
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Effects of a sedentary work life or lifestyle can be either direct or indirect. One of the most prominent direct effect of a sedentary lifestyle is an increased
861:
706:
3057:
2098:
201:
1144:
Wiecha JL, Sobol AM, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL (2001). "Household television access: associations with screen time, reading, and homework among youth".
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Adults and children spend long amounts of time sitting in a workplace or at a school, which is why interventions have been focused in these two areas.
2247:
529:
campaigns might also be able to reduce the amount of time spent sitting or lying down and positively affect the intention to be active physically.
2814:"Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial"
1589:
2538:"Health impacts of the built environment: within-urban variability in physical inactivity, air pollution, and ischemic heart disease mortality"
2585:
Day K, Alfonzo M, Chen Y, Guo Z, Lee KK (May 2013). "Overweight, obesity, and inactivity and urban design in rapidly growing
Chinese cities".
1446:
2128:
1355:
408:
Extended periods of sitting reduce overall blood circulation. This diminished blood flow leads to reduced oxygen delivery to the brain (
585:
Transform-Us! study, interventions reduced the amount of time children spent sitting in the classroom, which was associated with lower
2622:"Examining total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour using the socio-ecological model - a cross-sectional study of Irish adults"
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2361:"Mass media to communicate public health messages in six health topic areas: a systematic review and other reviews of the evidence"
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510:
95:
691:
2182:
1216:"Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10-13 year-old Australian children"
102:
2487:"Effects of urban motorways on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in local residents: a natural experimental study"
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other types of interventions and for the effectiveness of reducing workplace sitting over periods longer than one year."
40:
230:: sedentary behavior is defined as "any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure less than or equal to 1.5
3247:
1602:
Dunstan DW, Owen N (March 2012). "New exercise prescription: don't just sit there: stand up and move more, more often".
231:
181:
2724:"Interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and increase physical activity during productive work: a systematic review"
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420:
Sitting, particularly with poor posture, often involves craning the neck forward to look at screens or documents. Such
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The majority of time children are in a classroom, they are seated (60% of the time). Children who regularly engage in
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485:). Chronic overproduction of insulin can exhaust the pancreas and contribute to insulin resistance, a precursor to
189:
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81:
66:
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1781:
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762:
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91:
1263:
Domingues-Montanari S (April 2017). "Clinical and psychological effects of excessive screen time on children".
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leading to obesity. A lack of physical activity is one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide.
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454:
3071:
Edwardson CL, Biddle SJ, Clarke-Cornwell A, Clemes S, Davies MJ, Dunstan DW, et al. (September 2018).
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Indirectly, an increased BMI due to a sedentary lifestyle can lead to decreased productivity and increased
1019:
386:
307:
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1909:
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453:), which eventually narrow the arteries and restrict blood flow. This condition increases the risk of
3222:
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890:
421:
812:"Sedentary Behavior and Public Health: Integrating the Evidence and Identifying Potential Solutions"
218:
3237:
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2903:
Piercy KL, Troiano RP, Ballard RM, Carlson SA, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, et al. (November 2018).
711:
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Mclaughlin M, Atkin AJ, Starr L, Hall A, Wolfenden L, Sutherland R, et al. (September 2020).
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2248:"Physical inactivity a leading cause of disease and disability, warns World Health Organization"
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2722:
Commissaris DA, Huysmans MA, Mathiassen SE, Srinivasan D, Koppes LL, Hendriksen IJ (May 2016).
1805:
Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. (September 2018).
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1020:"How Much Time Does the Average Person Spend Sitting? Reports Show It's Dramatically Changing"
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Shrestha N, Kukkonen-Harjula KT, Verbeek JH, Ijaz S, Hermans V, Pedisic Z (December 2018).
3050:
2276:"Sedentary Behaviour—A Target for the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease"
696:
586:
486:
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787:
1639:"Productivity loss due to overweight and obesity: a systematic review of indirect costs"
1045:"The Big Number: The average U.S. adult sits 6.5 hours a day. For teens, it's even more"
810:
Owen N, Healy GN, Dempsey PC, Salmon J, Timperio A, Clark BK, et al. (April 2020).
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2433:(Plain English summary). National Institute for Health and Care Research. 19 May 2022.
1951:
1688:"The association between sedentary behaviour and risk of anxiety: a systematic review"
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per day. It is shown to be a risk factor on its own independent of hard exercise and
192:. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to poor health quality, diseases as well as many
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and heart attacks as the heart struggles to receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.
376:
348:
322:
2813:
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Bell AC, Richards J, Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Smith LR, Bailey DP (28 December 2022).
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as a lifestyle that involves "longer than six hours a day" of sedentary behavior.
2063:
2046:
3122:
Yang L, Cao C, Kantor ED, Nguyen LH, Zheng X, Park Y, et al. (April 2019).
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763:"How to Fix a Sedentary Lifestyle (Because It's Never Too Late to Get Moving)"
736:
526:
469:
A sedentary lifestyle contributes to decreased muscle activity, which affects
396:
161:
3051:"Summary Health Statistics for U.S. Adults: National Health Interview Survey"
2837:
2471:
2396:
2301:
1333:
1056:
920:"Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks"
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1439:
Forever
Painless: End Chronic Pain and Reclaim Your Life in 30 Minutes a Day
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This article is about the medical term. For the anthropologic concept, see
2233:
1778:"Physical inactivity a leading cause of disease and disability, warns WHO"
935:
726:
701:
338:
185:
2553:
2462:
2445:
1934:
Dempsey PC, Larsen RN, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Kingwell BA (November 2018).
1105:"Relationship between screen time and metabolic syndrome in adolescents"
969:"Worldwide surveillance of self-reported sitting time: a scoping review"
838:
788:"2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report"
222:
Sedentary behavior enables less energy expenditure than active behavior.
2740:
2723:
2491:
The
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
2427:"How can local authorities reduce obesity? Insights from NIHR research"
973:
The
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
594:
to and from school, such as through the Safe Routes to School program.
371:
302:
80:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
17:
2387:
1276:
2377:
2158:
National
Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
2015:
671:
519:
477:, prompting the pancreas to produce more insulin to maintain normal
2812:
Edwardson CL, Biddle SJ, Clemes SA, et al. (17 August 2022).
1987:
509:
365:
353:
152:
3124:"Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among the US Population, 2001-2016"
2677:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
2280:
International
Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
862:"Sitting Disease: How a Sedentary Lifestyle Affects Heart Health"
296:
A sedentary lifestyle contributes to or can be a risk factor for:
204:
found that 25.3% of all American adults are physically inactive.
3056:. Series Reports from the National Health Interview Survey #10.
343:
2870:"Intervention helped office workers to spend less time sitting"
190:
reading or using a mobile phone or computer for much of the day
1306:
Sweetser P, Johnson D, Ozdowska A, Wyeth P (1 December 2012).
601:
45:
1936:"Sitting Less and Moving More: Implications for Hypertension"
1356:"What are the negative side effects of too much screen time?"
617:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2148:
2146:
1158:
10.1367/1539-4409(2001)001<0244:HTAAWS>2.0.CO;2
918:
Park JH, Moon JH, Kim HJ, Kong MH, Oh YH (November 2020).
27:
Type of lifestyle involving little or no physical activity
2446:"An AI-Based Exercise Prescription Recommendation System"
1381:"Sedentary lifestyle: Effects, solutions, and statistics"
891:"Sedentary Behavior - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
2359:
Stead M, Angus K, Langley T, et al. (2 May 2019).
626:
77:
3014:"Less Active at Work, Americans Have Packed on Pounds"
2765:"Workplace interventions for reducing sitting at work"
2728:
Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
1984:"Divorce, Heavy Drinking, Smoking Linked to Hair Loss"
1590:
smh.com.au - Sitting can lead to an early death: study
1308:"Active versus Passive Screen Time for Young Children"
2485:
Prins RG, Foley L, Mutrie N, Ogilvie DB (July 2017).
2187:
United States Department of Health and Human Services
282:
per week are as healthy as those that sit fewer than
164:
are a common characteristic of a sedentary lifestyle.
2045:
Stewart RA, Benatar J, Maddison R (September 2015).
2671:Nicolson GH, Hayes CB, Darker CD (September 2021).
2177:
2175:
1220:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
39:"Couch potato" redirects here. For other uses, see
3191:"Study: The longer you sit, the shorter your life"
2095:"Obesity and Overweight for Professionals: Causes"
1885:President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports
2536:Hankey S, Marshall JD, Brauer M (February 2012).
2905:"The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans"
2183:"Osteoporosis — Frequently Asked Questions"
1686:Teychenne M, Costigan SA, Parker K (June 2015).
1637:Goettler A, Grosse A, Sonntag D (October 2017).
2047:"Living longer by sitting less and moving more"
1800:
1798:
278:per day. However, those that exercise at least
76:Please review the contents of the article and
2620:Nicolson G, Hayes C, Darker C (August 2019).
615:The examples and perspective in this section
8:
1881:"The Influence of Exercise on Mental Health"
707:Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
2769:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
274:higher risk than those that sit fewer than
3058:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2099:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1214:Olds T, Ridley K, Dollman J (April 2006).
1083:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
633:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
3147:
3098:
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2928:
2845:
2788:
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2698:
2688:
2647:
2637:
2561:
2512:
2502:
2461:
2444:Chen HK, Chen FH, Lin SF (January 2021).
2386:
2376:
2309:
2291:
2125:"Overweight and Obesity: What You Can Do"
2062:
1959:
1910:"Who Is At Risk for High Blood Pressure?"
1830:
1713:
1703:
1662:
1323:
1231:
1120:
994:
984:
943:
837:
827:
649:Learn how and when to remove this message
473:. Reduced muscle activity leads to lower
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
829:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094201
217:
1855:"Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle"
1463:"Health Risks of an Inactive Lifestyle"
1312:Australasian Journal of Early Childhood
1265:Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
753:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
226:Sedentary behavior is not the same as
1531:"Indicator Metadata Registry Details"
1404:
1402:
293:from necessary activities like work.
7:
3049:Pleis JR, Lucas JW, Ward BW (2008).
1414:Sedentary Behaviour Research Network
913:
911:
885:
883:
330:(only from excessive electronic use)
3223:WHO fact sheet on physical activity
1233:10.1111/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00106.x
266:. People that sit still more than
25:
2599:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.009
2542:Environmental Health Perspectives
1952:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11190
924:Korean Journal of Family Medicine
2226:10.1097/00007632-199503150-00001
1811:European Journal of Epidemiology
1103:Mark AE, Janssen I (June 2008).
606:
142:
50:
3204:"Is Sitting a Lethal Activity?"
692:Effects of the car on societies
3178:"Stand Up While You Read This"
2987:"Safe Routes to School (SRTS)"
2781:10.1002/14651858.CD010912.pub5
1616:10.1001/archinternmed.2012.209
1410:"What is Sedentary Behaviour?"
816:Annual Review of Public Health
78:add the appropriate references
1:
3176:Judson O (23 February 2010).
2129:Office of the Surgeon General
2051:Current Opinion in Cardiology
1914:National Institutes of Health
1604:Archives of Internal Medicine
1557:Archives of Internal Medicine
1501:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68770-9
1441:. HarperCollins. p. 25.
424:puts excessive strain on the
41:Couch potato (disambiguation)
3032:"The State of American Jobs"
2064:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000207
2339:www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
2004:Annals of Internal Medicine
1655:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014632
1193:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.02.042
1079:"Adult Physical Inactivity"
677:Preventable causes of death
629:, discuss the issue on the
194:preventable causes of death
63:reliable medical references
3264:
3202:Vlahos J (14 April 2011).
3189:Gardner A (27 July 2010).
2882:10.3310/nihrevidence_58670
2154:"Exercise and Bone Health"
1569:10.1001/archinte.164.3.249
1325:10.1177/183693911203700413
1018:Betuel E (23 April 2019).
986:10.1186/s12966-020-01008-4
761:Sassos S (17 March 2020).
742:Lack of physical education
38:
31:
3090:10.1186/s12889-018-6017-1
2639:10.1186/s12889-019-7447-0
2504:10.1186/s12966-017-0557-0
2253:World Health Organization
1823:10.1007/s10654-018-0380-1
1782:World Health Organization
1757:World Health Organization
1705:10.1186/s12889-015-1843-x
1181:The Journal of Pediatrics
533:associated health risks.
69:or relies too heavily on
1385:www.medicalnewstoday.com
1109:Journal of Public Health
590:is promoting the use of
328:Computer vision syndrome
2921:10.1001/jama.2018.14854
2830:10.1136/bmj-2021-069288
866:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
465:Overproductive pancreas
455:coronary artery disease
3140:10.1001/jama.2019.3636
3012:Parker-Pope T (2011).
2690:10.3390/ijerph18179292
2365:Public Health Research
2293:10.3390/ijerph20010532
2189:. 2009. Archived from
522:
387:Spinal disc herniation
359:Skin problems such as
308:Cardiovascular disease
223:
165:
1146:Ambulatory Pediatrics
1122:10.1093/pubmed/fdn022
895:www.sciencedirect.com
592:active transportation
550:In a work environment
514:Gastineau Elementary
513:
232:metabolic equivalents
221:
156:
92:"Sedentary lifestyle"
2335:"Metabolic syndrome"
1077:CDC (25 July 2022).
936:10.4082/kjfm.20.0165
627:improve this section
438:intervertebral discs
422:forward head posture
3248:Medical terminology
3195:Health Interactives
3036:Pew Research Center
2554:10.1289/ehp.1103806
2463:10.3390/app11062661
2105:on 24 February 2016
1879:Daniel M. Landers.
1753:"Physical Activity"
1495:(9524): 1747–1757.
790:. 18 February 2019.
712:Obesity and walking
475:insulin sensitivity
432:Upper body and back
349:High blood pressure
240:sedentary lifestyle
228:physical inactivity
186:playing video games
169:Sedentary lifestyle
162:watching television
3018:The New York Times
2965:NIH News in Health
2961:"It's a Kid's Job"
2741:10.5271/sjweh.3544
2587:Health & Place
732:Sloth (deadly sin)
523:
516:Bike to School Day
500:pulmonary embolism
483:metabolic syndrome
471:glucose metabolism
426:cervical vertebrae
416:Neck and shoulders
224:
166:
3210:. New York Times.
3184:. New York Times.
3134:(16): 1587–1597.
3077:BMC Public Health
2993:. 19 October 2018
2915:(19): 2020–2028.
2626:BMC Public Health
1692:BMC Public Health
1448:978-0-06-244866-8
1277:10.1111/jpc.13462
767:Good Housekeeping
722:Physical activity
687:Childhood obesity
659:
658:
651:
578:physical activity
151:
150:
127:
16:(Redirected from
3255:
3211:
3198:
3185:
3162:
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3119:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3092:
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3009:
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2977:
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2974:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2932:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2876:. 27 June 2023.
2866:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2775:(12): CD010912.
2760:
2754:
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2506:
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2476:
2475:
2465:
2450:Applied Sciences
2441:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2390:
2380:
2378:10.3310/phr07080
2356:
2350:
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2330:
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2313:
2295:
2271:
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2209:
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2200:
2198:
2193:on 24 March 2010
2179:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2101:. Archived from
2091:
2085:
2084:
2066:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2016:10.7326/M14-1651
1998:
1992:
1991:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1946:(5): 1037–1046.
1931:
1925:
1924:
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1876:
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1431:
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1406:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1387:. 29 August 2018
1377:
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858:
852:
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841:
831:
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792:
791:
784:
778:
777:
775:
773:
758:
654:
647:
643:
640:
634:
610:
609:
602:
410:cerebral hypoxia
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
261:
146:
145:
137:
134:
128:
126:
85:
54:
53:
46:
21:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3228:
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3219:
3214:
3201:
3188:
3175:
3171:
3169:Further reading
3166:
3165:
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3070:
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1981:
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1933:
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1751:
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1731:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1649:(10): e014632.
1636:
1635:
1631:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1592:, 28 March 2012
1588:
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1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1469:
1467:medlineplus.gov
1461:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1435:Esmonde-White M
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1374:
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1349:
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1300:
1262:
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1178:
1177:
1173:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1049:Washington Post
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1012:
966:
965:
961:
917:
916:
909:
899:
897:
889:
888:
881:
871:
869:
868:. 8 August 2021
860:
859:
855:
809:
808:
795:
786:
785:
781:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
750:
697:Exercise trends
668:
655:
644:
638:
635:
624:
611:
607:
600:
587:body mass index
574:
561:
552:
539:
537:In urban spaces
508:
495:
487:type 2 diabetes
467:
451:atherosclerosis
446:
434:
418:
406:
401:
297:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:per day have a
267:
259:
248:
216:
158:Exercise trends
147:
143:
138:
132:
129:
86:
75:
71:primary sources
55:
51:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3261:
3259:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3217:External links
3215:
3213:
3212:
3199:
3186:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3114:
3063:
3041:
3023:
3004:
2978:
2967:. 10 July 2018
2952:
2895:
2861:
2804:
2755:
2734:(3): 181–191.
2714:
2663:
2612:
2577:
2548:(2): 247–253.
2528:
2477:
2436:
2418:
2351:
2325:
2266:
2239:
2220:(6): 635–639.
2204:
2171:
2142:
2131:. 19 July 2006
2116:
2086:
2057:(5): 551–557.
2037:
2010:(2): 123–132.
1993:
1975:
1926:
1901:
1871:
1846:
1817:(9): 811–829.
1794:
1769:
1729:
1678:
1629:
1610:(6): 500–501.
1594:
1582:
1563:(3): 249–258.
1547:
1522:
1479:
1454:
1447:
1426:
1398:
1372:
1347:
1298:
1271:(4): 333–338.
1255:
1226:(2): 137–142.
1206:
1187:(2): 209–214.
1171:
1152:(5): 244–251.
1136:
1115:(2): 153–160.
1095:
1069:
1036:
1010:
959:
930:(6): 365–373.
907:
879:
853:
793:
779:
752:
751:
749:
746:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
682:Car dependency
679:
674:
667:
664:
657:
656:
621:of the subject
619:worldwide view
614:
612:
605:
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573:
570:
560:
557:
551:
548:
538:
535:
507:
504:
494:
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466:
463:
445:
442:
433:
430:
417:
414:
405:
404:Brain function
402:
400:
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394:
384:
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369:
363:
357:
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331:
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247:
246:Health effects
244:
215:
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149:
148:
141:
139:
58:
56:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3260:
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3209:
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3159:
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3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3115:
3110:
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3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3060:. p. 11.
3059:
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2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2874:NIHR Evidence
2871:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2759:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
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2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2664:
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2655:
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2640:
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2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2431:NIHR Evidence
2428:
2422:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2336:
2333:Services Do.
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1872:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1799:
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1783:
1779:
1773:
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1734:
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1605:
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1586:
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1578:
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1570:
1566:
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1523:
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1514:
1510:
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1502:
1498:
1494:
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1483:
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1468:
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1430:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1361:
1360:Active Health
1357:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1299:
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1282:
1278:
1274:
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1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1229:
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1210:
1207:
1202:
1198:
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1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
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1147:
1140:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1096:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
963:
960:
955:
951:
946:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
914:
912:
908:
896:
892:
886:
884:
880:
867:
863:
857:
854:
849:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
794:
789:
783:
780:
768:
764:
757:
754:
747:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
717:Simple living
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
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632:
628:
622:
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604:
603:
597:
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588:
582:
579:
571:
569:
565:
558:
556:
549:
547:
545:
536:
534:
530:
528:
521:
517:
512:
505:
503:
501:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:blood glucose
476:
472:
464:
462:
458:
456:
452:
444:Heart disease
443:
441:
439:
431:
429:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
403:
398:
395:
392:
391:low back pain
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
367:
364:
362:
358:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
318:Breast cancer
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
298:
294:
292:
287:
265:
255:
253:
245:
243:
241:
237:
236:Esmonde-White
233:
229:
220:
213:
211:
209:
205:
203:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
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140:
136:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94: –
93:
89:
88:Find sources:
83:
79:
73:
72:
68:
64:
59:This article
57:
48:
47:
42:
35:
30:
19:
3207:
3197:. USA Today.
3194:
3181:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3017:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2969:. Retrieved
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