1356:
76:
740:
31:
1304:
1294:
58:
355:
The
Cypraeidae constitute one of the most widely distributed groups of gastropods in tropical and subtropical seas. The cowries are one of the most abundant and diversified groups of shells to be found on reefs and rocky intertidal flats and sandy substrates in the island area.
315:. Their glossy, polished, ovate-shaped shells have beautiful patterns in a variety of colors. These patterns, combined with minor variations in shell form, have led some conchologists to recognize 60 genera and hundreds of species and subspecies.
1910:
Lorenz F. 2002. New
Worldwide Cowries. Descriptions of new taxa and revisions of selected groups of living Cypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Schriften zur Malakozoologie aus dem Haus der Natur-Cismar 20: 1-292, pl.
318:
In virtually all of the species in the family
Cypraeidae, the shells are extremely smooth and shiny. This is because in the living animal, the shell is nearly always fully covered with the
460:
449:
336:
Juvenile cowry shells are not at all similar to adult cowry shells. The juvenile shells of cowries perhaps more closely resemble the shells of some "bubble snails" in the order
2438:
364:
The very narrow toothed aperture of the cowry shell makes the adult shells difficult for many predators to reach into. However cowries are still vulnerable to predation:
2289:
2328:
1963:
2263:
2302:
340:. Also the shells of juvenile cowries seldom exhibit the same color patterns as the adult shells do, and thus can be hard to identify to species.
396:
can gouge a small hole (using a special barb/tooth and an acidic secretion) through the shell to inject a venom that kills the animal within.
2115:
2400:
2054:
2038:
2022:
2006:
1990:
1940:
1924:
464:
691:
389:
into the cowry's flesh. The cone then extends its stomach into the shell, through the aperture, to completely ingest the flesh.
2072:
1854:
1961:
Meyer C. P. (2003) "Molecular systematics of cowries (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) and diversification patterns in the tropics".
2307:
2315:
162:
2134:
2433:
2224:
2211:
75:
1778:
1472:
1345:
1236:
1193:
1039:
1023:
994:
887:
776:
2333:
2073:"Toward Comprehensiveness : Increased molecular sampling within Cypraeidae and its phylogenetic implications"
1355:
2151:
1278:
412:
coral reefs they are known to eat sponges that are otherwise chemically defended against other predators.
311:
Cypraeidae have adult shells which are very rounded, almost like an egg; they do not look like a typical
2364:
1742:
1670:
1657:
1611:
1529:
1427:
1397:
1384:
1332:
1316:
1283:
1160:
1095:
1071:
1055:
978:
962:
946:
911:
874:
835:
753:
706:
653:
630:
585:
576:
560:
553:
525:
511:
505:
498:
344:
237:
227:
217:
2229:
2382:
2343:
2250:
2198:
1883:
1619:
1483:
2405:
2050:
2034:
2018:
2002:
1986:
1936:
1920:
1327:
2428:
1828:
1467:
1135:
1082:
830:
761:
400:
The eating habits of cowries are poorly known, because most species are nocturnal and cryptic, but
183:
1210:
1050:
973:
727:
2104:
1798:
1221:
1066:
957:
330:
279:
206:
70:
2369:
1405:
1034:
2351:
2237:
2111:
1850:
1231:
1188:
1018:
794:
2294:
1005:
565:; Cpraeorbini Schilder, 1927; Mandolininae Schilder, 1932; Umbiliini Schilder 1932; Zoilinae
2392:
2356:
1971:
1891:
1801:
1270:
799:
373:
319:
282:
48:
2189:
739:
1303:
1145:
326:
325:
The upper surface is typically convex, while the ventral side is flattened. Typically, no
312:
137:
127:
1887:
1293:
2122:
Cowries. A guide to the gastropod family
Cypraeidae. Volume 1, Biology and systematics.
1704:
290:
40:
30:
2422:
1975:
1593:
1514:
1414:
1392:
1257:
869:
687:
621:
612:
381:
337:
247:
333:
that runs along the length of the ventral side. The aperture is lined with "teeth".
2242:
2203:
1737:
1606:
1155:
807:
2216:
2087:
2320:
2276:
2183:
1765:
1760:
1750:
1696:
1683:
1665:
1634:
1598:
1575:
1550:
1542:
1524:
1457:
1446:
1265:
1127:
1122:
1114:
859:
848:
843:
817:
714:
701:
601:
592:
567:
516:
441:
300:
264:
147:
57:
2174:
420:
For nearly 200 years, every species in the family
Cypraeidae was placed in one
1896:
1871:
1723:
1691:
1645:
1641:
1629:
1570:
1560:
1537:
1493:
1479:
1379:
1323:
1078:
1062:
1046:
1030:
1014:
1001:
985:
969:
953:
941:
894:
882:
855:
826:
723:
697:
674:
171:
117:
1727:
1714:
1652:
1583:
1435:
1178:
919:
784:
456:
448:
Littorinimorpha which belongs within the clade
Hypsogastropoda according to
409:
405:
293:
286:
87:
2168:
1678:
1244:
1109:
898:
437:
107:
1829:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cypraeidae Rafinesque, 1815"
1805:
1794:
1340:
1168:
989:
929:
682:
393:
296:
2281:
401:
97:
2268:
2145:
428:, but in 2002 the cowries were divided into many different genera.
2377:
1773:
445:
421:
386:
369:
275:
463:
but are treated as alternate representation of
Cypraeidae in the
771:
2149:
329:
is visible in the fully adult shell. There is a long, narrow,
2255:
2139:
404:
are the most commonly described prey. Off the coasts of
436:
The family
Cypraeidae belongs, together with the family
51:
almost fully extended, anterior end towards the right
2158:
1872:"Cowries graze verongid sponges on Caribbean reefs"
668:Genera within the family Cypraeidae include:
8:
2439:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
2109:, second revised edition, Conch Books, 2002
1957:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
461:the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
450:the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
408:, common cowry species eat sponges, and on
2146:
56:
29:
20:
1964:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1895:
65:Shells of a number of species of cowries
1354:
1302:
1292:
738:
1845:Wilson, Barry; Clarkson, Peter (2004).
1823:
1821:
1817:
1870:Pawlik, JR; Deignan, Lindsey (2015).
272:
7:
2383:65316246-154B-5268-FF6C-FCA7FE84FC02
2344:428507b9-2567-44e7-925b-77103903c45a
2105:Felix Lorenz and Alex Hubert :
1840:
1838:
252:· accepted, alternate representation
242:· accepted, alternate representation
232:· accepted, alternate representation
222:· accepted, alternate representation
379:Some mollusc-eating cones, such as
14:
1360:Eclogavena quadrimaculata thielei
303:, the cowries and cowry allies.
2055:World Register of Marine Species
2039:World Register of Marine Species
2023:World Register of Marine Species
2007:World Register of Marine Species
1991:World Register of Marine Species
1976:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00197.x
1941:World Register of Marine Species
1925:World Register of Marine Species
542:tribe Bistolidini C. Meyer, 2003
465:World Register of Marine Species
444:. This, in turn, is part of the
74:
2135:Cowrie genetic database project
1847:Australia's Spectacular Cowries
2071:Meyer, Christopher P. (2004).
1849:. El Cajon, CA, USA: Odyssey.
1:
2124:Harxheim: ConchBooks. 644 pp.
743:Apertural view of a shell of
2107:A Guide to Worldwide Cowries
2086:(1): 127–156. Archived from
2003:Gisortiinae Schilder, 1927 †
1510:Not assigned to a subfamily
551:- synonyms: Archicypraeinae
1921:Cypraeinae Rafinesque, 1815
538:Steadman & Cotton, 1946
503:- synonyms: Cypraeacitinae
490:Steadman & Cotton, 1946
2455:
2053:. Retrieved through:
2037:. Retrieved through:
2021:. Retrieved through:
2005:. Retrieved through:
1989:. Retrieved through:
1939:. Retrieved through:
1937:Erosariinae Schilder, 1924
1923:. Retrieved through:
812:Azuma & Kurohara, 1967
2051:Umbiliinae Schilder, 1932
1987:Erroneinae Schilder, 1927
1897:10.1007/s00338-015-1279-x
1755:Dolin & Lozouet, 2005
1462:Dolin & Aguerre, 2020
1410:Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
1010:Dolin & Dockery, 2018
903:Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
864:Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
481:- synonym: Porcellanidae
212:
205:
196:
191:
177:
170:
71:Scientific classification
69:
64:
55:
37:
28:
23:
2057: on 6 January 2019.
2041: on 6 January 2019.
2035:Pustulariinae Gill, 1871
2025: on 6 January 2019.
2009: on 6 January 2019.
1993: on 6 January 2019.
1943: on 6 January 2019.
1927: on 6 January 2019.
1255:Subfamily Pustulariinae
459:have been recognized in
2019:Luriinae Schilder, 1932
590:- synonym: Talpariinae
1588:Habe & Kosuge 1966
1372:Tribe Pseudozonariini
1362:
1310:
1300:
1102:Tribe Austrocypraeini
751:Subfamily Erosariinae
747:
645:Tribe Pseudozonariini
599:tribe Austrocypraeini
514:, 1932; Staphylaeinae
2365:Paleobiology Database
1366:Subfamily Zonariinae
1358:
1314:Subfamily Umbiliinae
1306:
1296:
909:Subfamily Erroneinae
745:Nucleolaria granulata
742:
707:Timothy Abbott Conrad
672:Subfamily Cypraeinae
536:- synonym: Adustinae
440:, to the superfamily
1368:F. A. Schilder, 1932
1308:Notocypraea piperita
641:F. A. Schilder, 1932
628:tribe Cypraeovulini
16:Family of gastropods
1888:2015CorRe..34..663P
1374:Lopez Soriano, 2006
1298:Neobernaya spadicea
1093:Subfamily Luriinae
647:Lopez Soriano, 2006
619:tribe Pustulariini
299:in the superfamily
2434:Gastropod families
2120:Lorenz F. (2017).
1363:
1311:
1301:
748:
455:The following six
360:Predators and prey
285:of small to large
2416:
2415:
2352:Open Tree of Life
2152:Taxon identifiers
1782:
1769:
1756:
1746:
1733:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1638:
1625:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1579:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1533:
1520:
1499:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1431:
1420:
1411:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1369:
1349:
1336:
1320:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1250:
1240:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1197:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1118:
1105:
1099:
1088:
1075:
1059:
1043:
1027:
1011:
998:
982:
966:
950:
935:
925:
915:
904:
891:
878:
865:
852:
839:
823:
813:
803:
790:
780:
767:
757:
733:
720:
710:
694:
678:
657:
648:
642:
634:
625:
616:
605:
596:
589:
580:
571:
564:
557:
550:
539:
535:
529:
520:
510:(inv.); Nariinae
509:
502:
491:
488:tribe Mauritiini
484:
480:
474:
376:of a cowry shell.
307:Shell description
258:
257:
251:
241:
231:
221:
166:
2446:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2323:
2321:NHMSYS0021055443
2311:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2147:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2077:
2058:
2048:
2042:
2032:
2026:
2016:
2010:
2000:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1959:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1918:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1842:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1804:Cypraeidae, see
1777:
1764:
1754:
1741:
1731:
1718:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1633:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1587:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1518:
1497:
1487:
1471:
1461:
1450:
1439:
1426:
1425:tribe Zonariini
1418:
1409:
1396:
1383:
1373:
1367:
1344:
1331:
1315:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1248:
1235:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1126:
1113:
1103:
1094:
1086:
1070:
1054:
1038:
1022:
1009:
993:
977:
961:
945:
933:
923:
910:
902:
886:
873:
863:
847:
834:
821:
811:
798:
788:
775:
765:
752:
731:
718:
705:
686:
673:
652:
651:tribe Zonariini
646:
640:
629:
620:
611:
600:
591:
584:
575:
566:
559:
552:
548:
537:
533:
532:tribe Erroneini
524:
515:
504:
497:
489:
482:
479:Rafinesque, 1815
478:
477:tribe Cypraeini
473:Rafinesque, 1815
472:
343:Cowries have no
274:
246:
236:
226:
216:
161:
79:
78:
60:
33:
21:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2154:
2131:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2075:
2070:
2067:
2065:Further reading
2062:
2061:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2029:
2017:
2013:
2001:
1997:
1985:
1981:
1960:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1791:
1146:Callistocypraea
666:
434:
418:
362:
353:
313:gastropod shell
309:
215:Cypraeovulinae
187:
181:
160:
138:Littorinimorpha
128:Caenogastropoda
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2397:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2348:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2247:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2195:
2180:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2129:External links
2127:
2126:
2125:
2118:
2102:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1995:
1979:
1970:(3): 401–459.
1945:
1929:
1913:
1903:
1862:
1855:
1834:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1793:For a list of
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1757:
1747:
1734:
1721:
1711:
1705:Palmulacypraea
1701:
1688:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1639:
1626:
1624:Troschel, 1863
1616:
1603:
1590:
1580:
1567:
1557:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1477:
1464:
1454:
1451:Schilder, 1941
1443:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1419:Schilder, 1929
1402:
1389:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1337:
1328:Gigantocypraea
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1275:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1249:Troschel, 1863
1241:
1228:
1217:
1215:Schilder, 1939
1204:Schilder, 1932
1202:Tribe Luriini
1200:
1199:
1198:
1185:
1175:
1173:Troschel, 1863
1165:
1152:
1150:Schilder, 1927
1142:
1140:Cossmann, 1903
1132:
1119:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1076:
1060:
1044:
1028:
1012:
999:
983:
967:
938:
937:
936:
934:Troschel, 1863
926:
924:Cossmann, 1920
907:
906:
905:
892:
879:
866:
853:
840:
824:
814:
804:
791:
789:Troschel, 1863
781:
768:
737:
736:
735:
734:
732:Heilprin, 1887
721:
719:Woodring, 1957
711:
695:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
658:
649:
637:
636:
635:
626:
610:Pustulariinae
608:
607:
606:
597:
583:tribe Luriini
572:
549:Schilder, 1927
545:
544:
543:
540:
534:Schilder, 1927
521:
494:
493:
492:
486:
433:
430:
417:
414:
398:
397:
390:
377:
372:can break the
368:Some tropical
361:
358:
352:
349:
308:
305:
265:commonly named
256:
255:
254:
253:
245:Pustulariinae
243:
233:
223:
210:
209:
203:
202:
194:
193:
189:
188:
182:
179:Pseudomelatoma
175:
174:
168:
167:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
52:
41:Talparia talpa
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2451:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:3-925919-25-2
2113:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2093:on 2011-05-14
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:Leporicypraea
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1515:Austrasiatica
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1416:
1415:Pseudozonaria
1408:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1393:Pseudozonaria
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1136:Austrocypraea
1133:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1104:Iredale, 1935
1101:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
987:
984:
980:
976:
975:
971:
968:
964:
960:
959:
955:
952:
951:
948:
943:
939:
932:
931:
927:
922:
921:
917:
916:
913:
908:
901:
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
884:
880:
876:
872:
871:
870:Propustularia
867:
862:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
831:Palaeocypraea
828:
825:
820:
819:
815:
810:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
792:
787:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
769:
764:
763:
762:Cryptocypraea
759:
758:
755:
750:
749:
746:
741:
730:
729:
725:
722:
717:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:
699:
696:
693:
689:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
671:
670:
669:
663:
655:
650:
644:
643:
638:
632:
627:
623:
618:
617:
614:
609:
603:
598:
594:
587:
582:
581:
578:
573:
569:
562:
558:; Bernayinae
555:
546:
541:
531:
530:
527:
522:
518:
513:
507:
500:
495:
487:
483:Roberts, 1870
476:
475:
470:
469:
468:
466:
462:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:2005 taxonomy
431:
429:
427:
423:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
395:
391:
388:
385:, can inject
384:
383:
382:Conus textile
378:
375:
371:
367:
366:
365:
359:
357:
350:
348:
346:
341:
339:
338:Cephalaspidea
334:
332:
328:
323:
321:
316:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
284:
281:
277:
270:
266:
262:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
213:
211:
208:
204:
201:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
176:
173:
169:
164:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
144:Superfamily:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
43:
42:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2159:
2121:
2106:
2095:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2079:
2046:
2030:
2014:
1998:
1982:
1967:
1962:
1932:
1916:
1906:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1846:
1792:
1772:
1759:
1749:
1738:Purpuradusta
1736:
1726:
1719:Lorenz, 2017
1713:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1644:
1628:
1618:
1607:Macrocypraea
1605:
1592:
1582:
1569:
1565:Strand, 1929
1559:
1549:
1536:
1523:
1519:Lorenz, 1989
1513:
1498:Tomlin, 1930
1492:
1482:
1466:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1413:
1412:accepted as
1404:
1391:
1378:
1359:
1339:
1326:
1307:
1297:
1277:
1264:
1243:
1230:
1220:
1211:Fossacypraea
1209:
1187:
1183:Lorenz, 2017
1177:
1167:
1156:Chelycypraea
1154:
1144:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1087:Fabiani 1905
1081:
1065:
1051:Protocypraea
1049:
1033:
1017:
1004:
988:
974:Archicypraea
972:
956:
944:Gisortiinae
928:
918:
897:
881:
868:
858:
842:
829:
816:
808:Nesiocypraea
806:
793:
783:
770:
760:
744:
728:Siphocypraea
726:
713:
700:
681:
667:
547:Gisortiinae
496:Erosariinae
454:
435:
425:
419:
399:
380:
363:
354:
351:Distribution
342:
335:
324:
317:
310:
289:. These are
268:
260:
259:
198:
197:
178:
157:
44:
39:
18:
2277:iNaturalist
2184:Wikispecies
2080:Malacologia
1876:Coral Reefs
1761:Talostolida
1751:Ransoniella
1709:Meyer, 2003
1666:Notocypraea
1555:Meyer, 2003
1551:Contradusta
1525:Barycypraea
1488:Sacco, 1894
1458:Schilderina
1447:Prozonarina
1440:Sacco, 1894
1266:Cypraeovula
1226:Sacco, 1894
1222:Jousseaumia
1123:Arestorides
1067:Semicypraea
958:Afrocypraea
860:Praerosaria
844:Perisserosa
822:Oyama, 1959
818:Nucleolaria
766:Meyer, 2003
715:Muracypraea
702:Cypraeorbis
639:Zonariinae
523:Erroneinae
471:Cypraeinae
457:subfamilies
442:Cypraeoidea
370:crustaceans
301:Cypraeoidea
225:Erroneinae
148:Cypraeoidea
24:Cypraeidae
2429:Cypraeidae
2423:Categories
2217:Cypraeidae
2204:Cypraeidae
2190:Cypraeidae
2160:Cypraeidae
2097:2010-10-10
1882:(2): 663.
1856:0966172027
1812:References
1779:Jousseaume
1732:Sacco 1894
1692:Palmadusta
1646:Miolyncina
1630:Melicerona
1571:Eclogavena
1561:Cribrarula
1538:Blasicrura
1494:Schilderia
1473:Jousseaume
1380:Neobernaya
1346:Jousseaume
1279:Pustularia
1237:Jousseaume
1194:Jousseaume
1040:Jousseaume
1024:Jousseaume
995:Jousseaume
940:Subfamily
888:Jousseaume
883:Staphylaea
777:Jousseaume
675:Rafinesque
287:sea snails
261:Cypraeidae
172:Type genus
163:Rafinesque
158:Cypraeidae
124:Subclass:
118:Gastropoda
1799:taxonomic
1728:Proadusta
1715:Paradusta
1653:Notadusta
1584:Ficadusta
1436:Proadusta
1406:Plaziatia
1179:Raybaudia
1035:Mandolina
920:Bistolida
785:Monetaria
574:Luriinae
410:Caribbean
406:Australia
394:octopuses
345:operculum
294:gastropod
280:taxonomic
235:Luriinae
94:Kingdom:
88:Eukaryota
47:with its
2175:Q1141733
2169:Wikidata
1743:Schilder
1679:Ovatipsa
1671:Schilder
1658:Schilder
1620:Mauritia
1612:Schilder
1530:Schilder
1484:Zonarina
1428:Schilder
1398:Schilder
1385:Schilder
1333:Schilder
1317:Schilder
1284:Swainson
1245:Talparia
1161:Schilder
1110:Annepona
1096:Schilder
1072:Schilder
1056:Schilder
1019:Gisortia
979:Schilder
963:Schilder
947:Schilder
912:Schilder
899:Subepona
875:Schilder
836:Schilder
754:Schilder
688:Linnaeus
654:Schilder
631:Schilder
586:Schilder
577:Schilder
561:Schilder
554:Schilder
526:Schilder
512:Schilder
506:Schilder
499:Schilder
467: :
438:Ovulidae
416:Taxonomy
331:aperture
297:mollusks
278:), is a
238:Schilder
228:Schilder
218:Schilder
207:Synonyms
199:See text
154:Family:
108:Mollusca
104:Phylum:
98:Animalia
84:Domain:
2142:Gallery
2140:Zonatus
1884:Bibcode
1806:Cowries
1797:in the
1795:Species
1789:Species
1766:Iredale
1697:Iredale
1684:Iredale
1635:Iredale
1599:Iredale
1576:Iredale
1543:Iredale
1468:Zonaria
1341:Umbilia
1169:Lyncina
1128:Iredale
1115:Iredale
1083:Vicetia
1006:Garviea
990:Bernaya
930:Erronea
849:Iredale
683:Cypraea
602:Iredale
593:Iredale
568:Iredale
517:Iredale
426:Cypraea
402:sponges
269:cowries
192:Genera
134:Order:
114:Class:
45:in situ
38:A live
2393:502088
2390:uBio:
2357:272319
2341:NZOR:
2295:105066
2114:
1853:
1802:family
1781:, 1884
1768:, 1931
1745:, 1939
1699:, 1930
1686:, 1931
1673:, 1927
1660:, 1935
1637:, 1930
1614:, 1930
1601:, 1930
1578:, 1930
1545:, 1930
1532:, 1927
1475:, 1884
1430:, 1932
1400:, 1929
1348:, 1884
1335:, 1927
1319:, 1932
1286:, 1840
1273:, 1824
1260:, 1871
1239:, 1884
1196:, 1884
1163:, 1927
1117:, 1935
1098:, 1932
1074:, 1927
1058:, 1927
1042:, 1884
1026:, 1884
997:, 1884
981:, 1926
965:, 1932
949:, 1927
914:, 1927
890:, 1884
877:, 1927
851:, 1930
838:, 1928
802:, 1837
779:, 1884
756:, 1924
709:, 1865
677:, 1815
664:Genera
656:, 1932
633:, 1927
624:, 1871
615:, 1871
604:, 1935
595:, 1935
588:, 1932
579:, 1932
570:, 1935
563:, 1927
556:, 1930
528:, 1927
519:, 1935
508:, 1930
501:, 1924
485:(inv.)
374:dorsum
320:mantle
291:marine
283:family
250:, 1871
240:, 1932
230:, 1927
220:, 1927
186:, 1918
165:, 1815
49:mantle
2406:23022
2401:WoRMS
2378:Plazi
2370:60047
2334:69557
2308:72741
2290:IRMNG
2282:50687
2243:7NH4B
2091:(PDF)
2076:(PDF)
1774:Zoila
1232:Luria
1189:Trona
795:Naria
446:clade
422:genus
392:Some
387:venom
327:spire
276:cowry
2329:NCBI
2303:ITIS
2269:2675
2264:GBIF
2256:2489
2230:1571
2225:BOLD
2112:ISBN
1911:1-40
1851:ISBN
1387:1927
1271:Gray
1258:Gill
1130:1930
800:Gray
772:Ipsa
692:1758
622:Gill
613:Gill
267:the
248:Gill
184:Dall
2316:NBN
2251:EoL
2238:CoL
2212:AFD
2199:ADW
1972:doi
1892:doi
273:sg.
2425::
2403::
2380::
2367::
2354::
2331::
2318::
2305::
2292::
2279::
2266::
2253::
2240::
2227::
2214::
2201::
2186::
2171::
2084:46
2082:.
2078:.
1968:79
1948:^
1890:.
1880:34
1878:.
1874:.
1837:^
1820:^
1808:.
1219:†
1208:†
690:,
452:.
424:,
347:.
322:.
263:,
2100:.
1974::
1900:.
1894::
1886::
1859:.
1831:.
1724:†
1642:†
1480:†
1453:†
1442:†
1324:†
1079:†
1063:†
1047:†
1031:†
1015:†
1002:†
986:†
970:†
954:†
942:†
895:†
856:†
827:†
724:†
698:†
271:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
