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and substrate as well as of the film-substrate interface. The dedicated heating stage in SEM has been widely used to accurately control sample temperature through a thermocouple to observe the in-situ behaviour of the material, and can be recorded as a video format. Meanwhile, the two-dimensional morphology can be directly observed and characterised. ie. the partially dewetted Ni film is itself a workable fuel electrode for SOCs as it provides long TPB lines if the structure is fine enough, the connectivity of the nickel and pore phases as well as the TPB lines can be used for SOFC characterisation.
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several orders of magnitude, since the dewetting starts from randomly formed holes in the film. There is no spatial correlation between the dry patches that develop. These dry patches grow and the material is accumulated in the rim surrounding the growing hole. In the case where the initially homogeneous film is thin (in the range of 100 nm), a
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Solid-state dewetting of the metal thin films describe the transformation of a thin film into an energetically favoured set of droplets or particles at temperatures well below the melting point. The driving force for dewetting is the minimization of the total energy of the free surfaces of the film
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The process of dewetting occurs by the nucleation and growth of randomly formed holes, which coalesce to form a network of filaments, before breaking into droplets. When starting from a continuous film, an irregular pattern of droplets is formed. The droplet size and droplet spacing may vary over
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Surfactants can have a significant effect on the spreading coefficient. When a surfactant is added, its amphiphilic properties cause it to be more energetically favorable to migrate to the surface, decreasing the interfacial tension and thus increasing the spreading coefficient (i.e. making S more
422:
725:
Song, Bowen; Bertei, Antonio; Wang, Xin; Cooper, Samuel J.; Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique; Chowdhury, Ridwanur; Podor, Renaud; Brandon, Nigel P. (April 2019). "Unveiling the mechanisms of solid-state dewetting in Solid Oxide Cells with novel 2D electrodes".
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Leroux, Frédéric; Campagne, Christine; Perwuelz, Anne; Gengembre, Léon (2008). "Polypropylene film chemical and physical modifications by dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment at atmospheric pressure".
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positive). As more surfactant molecules are absorbed into the interface, the free energy of the system decreases in tandem to the surface tension decreasing, eventually causing the system to become completely
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Song, Bowen; Bertei, Antonio; Wang, Xin; Cooper, Samuel J.; Ruiz-Trejo, Enrique; Chowdhury, Ridwanur; Podor, Renaud; Brandon, Nigel P. (2019). "In-situ Ni Solid State
Dewetting Videos".
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height profile of a dewetting hole's rim. Notice that the material that is removed by dewetting is accumulated at the rim around the hole; initial film thickness (height): 100 nm.
416:. At other film thicknesses, other complicated patterns of droplets on the substrate can be observed, which stem from a fingering instability of the growing rim around the dry patch.
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Leroy, F.; Borowik, Ć.; Cheynis, F.; Almadori, Y.; Curiotto, S.; Trautmann, M.; BarbĂ©, J.C.; MĂŒller, P. (2016). "How to control solid state dewetting : A short review".
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of the polymer. Annealing such a metastable film above its glass transition temperature increases the mobility of the polymer-chain molecules and dewetting takes place.
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Dewetting can be inhibited or prevented by photocrosslinking the thin film prior to annealing, or by incorporating nanoparticle additives into the film.
147:. The factor determining the spontaneous spreading and dewetting for a drop of liquid placed on a solid substrate with ambient gas, is the so-called
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336:, painting, printing, and protective coating. For most applications, dewetting is an unwanted process, because it destroys the applied liquid film.
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In biology, by analogy with the physics of liquid dewetting, the process of tunnel formation through endothelial cells has been referred to as
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Karapanagiotis, Ioannis; Gerberich, William W. (2005). "Polymer film rupturing in comparison with leveling and dewetting".
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is the liquid-gas surface tension (measured for the mediums before they are brought in contact with each other).
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Surface tension diagram of a liquid droplet on a solid substrate. The surface of the liquid has the shape of a
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the film does not dewet immediately if it is in a metastable state, e.g. if the temperature is below the
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Circular hole formed in a 100 nm thick film of polystyrene. The blue color of the film is due to
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from a non-wettable surface it was forced to cover. The opposite processâspreading of a liquid on a
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of polygons. These strings then can break up into droplets, a process which is known as the
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Voronoi tessellation pattern of polygons achieved by the coalescence of dewetting holes.
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is one of the processes that can occur at a solidâliquid, solidâsolid or liquidâliquid
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Patterning
Dewetting in Thin Polymer Films by Spatially Directed Photocrosslinking
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227:{\displaystyle S\ =\gamma _{\text{SG}}-\gamma _{\text{SL}}-\gamma _{\text{LG}}}
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If given enough time, this network of polygons decays into separate droplets.
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Rim instability in the case of a thicker (200 nm) polystyrene film.
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Carroll, Gregory T.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Koberstein, Jeffrey T. (2010)
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and dewetting are important processes for many applications, including
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133:. Generally, dewetting describes the process of retraction of a
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Reiter, GĂŒnter (1992-01-06). "Dewetting of thin polymer films".
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Journal of
Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 351, pp 556-560
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network of connected strings of material is formed, like a
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Retraction of a fluid from a surface it was forced to cover
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109:Learn how and when to remove this message
606:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
259:is the solid-liquid surface tension and
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370:onto a substrate. Even in the case of
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432:and depends on the film's thickness.
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554:: Wiley-Interscience. p. 244.
311:{\displaystyle \theta _{\text{c}}}
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362:In most dewetting studies a thin
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358:Dewetting of polymer thin films
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489:Dewetting of metal thin films
414:Plateau-Rayleigh instability
398:glass transition temperature
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546:Rosen, Milton J. (2004).
728:Journal of Power Sources
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318:is determined from the
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389:{\displaystyle S<0}
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149:spreading coefficient
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552:Hoboken, New Jersey
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734:: 124â133.
334:lubrication
141:âis called
58:"Dewetting"
829:Categories
519:(2): 391.
498:References
69:newspapers
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368:spin-cast
326:Spreading
300:θ
216:γ
212:−
203:γ
199:−
190:γ
165:, due to
139:substrate
131:interface
127:dewetting
712:10045116
634:18930244
366:film is
330:adhesion
99:May 2010
736:Bibcode
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406:polygon
364:polymer
345:wetting
144:wetting
83:scholar
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283:< 0
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237:where
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271:When
135:fluid
90:JSTOR
76:books
810:help
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566:OCLC
556:ISBN
381:<
62:news
785:doi
781:420
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