1451:)—is that, before the 19th century, Western scholars commonly understood that philosophical writing is not at home in any polity, no matter how liberal. Insofar as it questions conventional wisdom at its roots, philosophy must guard itself especially against those readers who believe themselves authoritative, wise, and liberal defenders of the status quo. In questioning established opinions, or in investigating the principles of morality, philosophers of old found it necessary to convey their messages in an oblique manner. Their "art of writing" was the art of esoteric communication. This was especially apparent in medieval times when heterodox political thinkers wrote under the threat of the
419:, was discovered in a cuneiform commentary on a medical text. However, the significance of cuneiform commentaries extends beyond the light they shed on specific details of Mesopotamian civilization. They shed light on what the concerns of the Mesopotamian literate elite were when they read some of the most widely studied texts in the Mesopotamian intellectual tradition, a perspective that is important for "seeing things their way." Finally, cuneiform commentaries are also the earliest examples of textual interpretation. It has been repeatedly argued that they influenced rabbinical exegesis.
1469:'s lead, Strauss indicates that medieval political philosophers, no less than their ancient counterparts, carefully adapted their wording to the dominant moral views of their time, lest their writings be condemned as heretical or unjust, not by "the many" (who did not read), but by those "few" whom the many regarded as the most righteous guardians of morality. It was precisely these righteous personalities who would be most inclined to persecute/ostracize anyone who was in the business of exposing the noble or great lie upon which the authority of the few over the many stands or falls.
1411:, arguing that serious writers write esoterically, that is, with multiple or layered meanings, often disguised within irony or paradox, obscure references, even deliberate self-contradiction. Esoteric writing serves several purposes: protecting the philosopher from the retribution of the regime, and protecting the regime from the corrosion of philosophy; it attracts the right kind of reader and repels the wrong kind; and ferreting out the interior message is in itself an exercise of philosophic reasoning.
1287:(the Writings) respectively. The intelligent reading and comprehension of the text, arrived at by a correct division of the sentences and words, formed the course of instruction in the Hebrew Bible. The scribes were also required to know the Targum, the Aramaic translation of the text. The Targum made possible an immediate comprehension of the text, but was continuously influenced by the exegesis taught in the schools.
5890:
3714:
879:("verse"). They are explained using reliable sources: other Verses of Holy Qur'an itself as some explain the other; the hadiths of the Holy Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, as this Holy Quran was revealed on him; the narrations of the Holy Prophet's Companions as they were the main context and reason for the revelation of a specific Verse of the Holy Qur'an; and so on and so forth. Such an author of
3704:
1321:. However, the closest equivalent Iranian concept, zand, generally includes Pahlavi texts which were believed to derive from commentaries upon Avestan scripture, but whose extant form contains no Avestan passages. Zoroastrian exegesis differs from similar phenomena in many other religions in that it developed as part of a religious tradition which made little or no use of writing until well into the
1306:; it remains a subject of study today. Jews have centers for exegetic studies around the world, in each community: they consider exegesis an important tool for the understanding of scripture. Associated with the rabbinic text studies, such methodology is known to adopt a wide assortment of literary tools, in conjunction with meticulous, widespread engagement with classical exegetical literature.
945:
129:
32:
5584:
1382:
1338:. Since many 19th and 20th century works by Zoroastrians contain an element of exegesis, while on the other hand no exegetical literature in the strict sense of the word can be said to exist, the phenomenon of modern Zoroastrian exegesis as such will be discussed here, without detailed reference to individual texts.
1462:) and an esoteric, hidden one for the few (hoi oligoi), but that, through rhetorical stratagems including self-contradiction and hyperboles, these writers succeeded in conveying their proper meaning at the tacit heart of their writings—a heart or message irreducible to "the letter" or historical dimension of texts.
1242:
63a). Kahana's admission is characteristic of the centuries following the final redaction of the Talmud. The primary meaning is no longer considered, but it becomes more and more the fashion to interpret the text according to the meaning given to it in traditional literature. The ability and even the
1739:
The
Biblical Commission's Document "The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church" Text and Commentary; ed. Joseph A. Fitzmyer; Subsidia Biblica 18; Rome: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Bibllico, 1995. See esp. p. 26, "The historical-critical method is the indispensable method for the scientific study
1290:
The reading of the biblical text, which was combined with that of the Targum, served to widen the knowledge of the scholars learned in the first division of the national science. The scribes found the material for their discourses, which formed a part of the synagogue service, in the second division
1325:
era. This lengthy period of oral transmission has clearly helped to give the Middle
Persian Zand its characteristic shape and has, in a sense, limited its scope. Although the later tradition makes a formal distinction between "Gathic" (gāhānīg), "legal" (dādīg), and perhaps "ritual" (hādag-mānsrīg)
422:
The publication and interpretation of these texts began in the mid-19th century, with the discovery of the royal
Assyrian libraries at Nineveh, from which ca. 454 text commentaries have been recovered. The study of cuneiform commentaries is, however, far from complete. It is the subject of on-going
441:
Commentaries on Plato include a large corpus of literature, especially in the ancient and medieval world, to explain and clarify the works of Plato. Many
Platonist philosophers in the centuries following Plato sought to clarify and summarise his thoughts, but it was during the Roman era, that the
1432:
writing is the proper medium for philosophic learning: rather than displaying philosophers' thoughts superficially, classical and medieval philosophical texts guide their readers in thinking and learning independently of imparted knowledge. Thus, Strauss agrees with the
Socrates of the
414:
Cuneiform commentaries are important because they provide information about
Mesopotamian languages and culture that are not available elsewhere in the cuneiform record. To give but one example, the pronunciation of the cryptically written name of Gilgamesh, the hero of the
1437:, where the Greek indicates that, insofar as writing does not respond when questioned, good writing provokes questions in the reader—questions that orient the reader towards an understanding of problems the author thought about with utmost seriousness. Strauss thus, in
647:, is a branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient texts in order to understand "the world behind the text". This is done to discover the text's primitive or original meaning in its original historical context and its literal sense.
543:-by-pericope or verse-by-verse. Before the 20th century, a commentary would be written by a sole author, but in the recent period, a publishing board will commission a team of scholars to write a commentary, with each volume being divided out among them.
566:
from a secular point of view. However, each volume will inevitably lean toward the personal emphasis bias of its author, and within any commentaries there may be great variety in the depth, accuracy, and critical or theological strength of each volume.
1139:
endeavored not so much to seek the original meaning of the text as to find authority in a Hebrew Bible passage for established concepts and ideas, rules of conduct, and teachings, for which he wished to locate a foundation. The
239:
investigates the history and origins of the text, but exegesis may include the study of the historical and cultural backgrounds of the author, text, and original audience. Other analyses include classification of the type of
1168:, moral instruction, and sustenance for the thoughts and feelings of the present. The contrast between explanation of the literal sense and the Midrash, that did not follow the words, was recognized by the Tannaim and the
1246:
It was, therefore, providential that, just at the time when the
Midrash was paramount, the close study of the text of the Hebrew Bible, at least in one direction, was pursued with rare energy and perseverance by the
376:(modern day Iraq) in the first millennium BCE. Containing over 860 manuscripts, the majority of which date to 700–100 BCE, these commentaries explore numerous types of texts, including literary works (such as the
2209:, Walter de Gruyter, 2015, p. 39, "According to Robert Hunt, 'he Straussian hermeneutic ... sees the course of intellectual history as an ongoing conversation about important philosophical questions'."
539:
among the many authors who collaborate to write a full commentary. Each book's commentary generally consists of a background and introductory section, followed by detailed commentary of the book
621:
method that strives to discover the
Biblical author's original intended meaning in the text. It is the primary method of interpretation for many conservative Protestant exegetes who reject the
1373:. A scholarly text accompanies a creative work, such as a film, novel, poetry or other artistic output by the PhD candidate. Together, the two elements form the candidate's research thesis.
5268:
1223:
was formulated the important principle that the
Midrashic exegesis could not annul the primary sense. This principle subsequently became the watchword of commonsense Bible exegesis.
1263:, the fundamental part of the national science, was the subject of the primary instruction. It was also divided into the three historic groups of the books of the Hebrew Bible: the
384:). Most of them, however, comment on divination treatises, in particular treatises that predict the future from the appearance and movement of celestial bodies on the one hand (
2145:... a book containing much that is appreciably esoteric to any reader stated in a manner either so elusive or so challenging as to cause him to give up trying to understand it.
3750:
5800:
2630:
2278:
360:(to draw in), in the sense of an eisegetic commentator "importing" or "drawing in" their own subjective interpretations into the text, unsupported by the text itself.
1199:
exegesis distinguishes principally between the actual deduction of a thesis from a passage as a means of proving a point, and the use of such a passage as a mere
1164:, expounding the Bible not primarily in order to understand the documents of the past (although in some instances it is indeed the case), but to find religious
4549:
5622:
460:
A common published form of biblical exegesis is known as a Bible commentary and typically takes the form of a set of books, each of which is devoted to the
1405:
called for the first time for a reconsideration of the "distinction between exoteric (or public) and esoteric (or secret) teaching." In 1952 he published
875:. It explains those aspects of the Holy Qur’an that cannot be known by reason and logic such as the context of the revelation or abrogation of a specific
5810:
3677:
5828:
4832:
4702:
3688:
2168:
1362:(Free University of Brussels), put exegesis in a secular context, next to exegesis in a religious tradition. Secular exegesis is an element of the
3743:
5693:
5180:
4559:
4048:
2671:
356:), and adjectives are exegetic or exegetical (e.g., exegetical commentaries). In biblical exegesis, the opposite of exegesis (to draw out) is
1946:
1813:
1759:
1724:
4967:
4199:
2271:
849:
738:
683:
221:
works. In modern usage, exegesis can involve critical interpretations of virtually any text, including not just religious texts but also
5066:
4642:
667:
applies—that because of its divine authorship, the Bible has a "fuller meaning" than its human authors intended or could have foreseen.
636:), in contrast to the overwhelming reliance on historical-critical interpretation, often to the exclusion of all other hermeneutics, in
5805:
4154:
3736:
2563:
2099:
1714:
1407:
1147:
598:, formulated the principle of the three senses of Scripture (literal, moral and spiritual) from the Jewish method of interpretation (
5497:
4817:
3836:
3090:
2105:
1908:
1028:
595:
186:
115:
4917:
1991:
442:
Neoplatonists, in particular, wrote many commentaries on individual dialogues of Plato, many of which survive to the present day.
5615:
4802:
4792:
4400:
1888:
1357:
1042:
455:
2487:
3717:
3375:
3288:
2264:
1561:
1369:
At
Australian and British universities, the exegesis forms part of the required work for fine arts, including creative-writing
2253:
features paleographic works, translations, and publications of classical exegesis and offers a selection of books for readers.
670:
Rational exegesis bases its operation on the idea that the authors have their own inspiration (in this sense, synonymous with
5919:
5570:
5454:
5400:
966:
742:
372:
One of the early examples of exegesis, and one of the larger corpora of text commentaries from the ancient world, comes from
53:
1291:
of the several branches of the tradition. The Aggadah, the third of these branches, was the source material for the sermon.
546:
A single commentary will generally attempt to give a coherent and unified view on the Bible as a whole, for example, from a
1172:, although their idea of the literal meaning of a passage may not be allowed by more modern standards. The above-mentioned
5575:
4539:
3667:
3500:
3293:
3152:
3003:
1219:
exegesis. These two terms were later on destined to become important features in the history of Hebrew Bible exegesis. In
723:
674:), so their works are completely and utterly a product of the social environment and human intelligence of their authors.
614:
451:
5349:
4757:
4438:
3642:
1009:
96:
5608:
5517:
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981:
68:
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3016:
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1900:
1314:
622:
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42:
5822:
5464:
5278:
5165:
4891:
4184:
4159:
4033:
4006:
3235:
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962:
923:
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49:
20:
988:
75:
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5286:
5143:
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Avestan texts, there appear to be no significant differences in approach between the Pahlavi commentary on the
1046:
607:
583:
5784:
5774:
5703:
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4169:
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3197:
2894:
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1444:
1141:
829:
762:
1458:
Strauss's argument is not that the medieval writers he studies reserved one exoteric meaning for the many (
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2613:
2603:
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2546:
2536:
2158:
1846:
758:
705:
618:
436:
5258:
1251:, who set themselves to preserving and transmitting the pronunciation and correct reading of the text.
1215:" ("simple" or face value method) to designate the primary sense, contrasting it with the "Drash," the
1243:
desire for original investigation of the text succumbed to the overwhelming authority of the Midrash.
5893:
5816:
5433:
5423:
5291:
5175:
5170:
5093:
4952:
4732:
4599:
4579:
4308:
4028:
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3117:
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1976:
977:
918:
734:
671:
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563:
469:
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that have survived to the present day, Mesopotamian text commentaries are written on clay tablets in
64:
1870:(ASSEHR), Volume 137, International Conference on Qur'an and Hadith Studies (ICQHS 2017), pp. 33-37.
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5759:
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5195:
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4334:
4023:
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3358:
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3109:
2778:
2701:
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1586:
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1526:
1519:
1509:
1424:
1347:
1268:
1181:
1052:
521:
513:
404:
3703:
2054:"Evolution of the exegesis: the radical trajectory of the creative writing doctorate in Australia"
1754:(3rd ed., rev. and expanded. ed.). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 78.
5855:
5779:
5754:
5660:
5645:
5306:
4912:
4902:
4862:
4747:
4737:
4687:
4672:
4629:
4100:
3958:
3938:
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3647:
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3220:
3122:
3064:
3026:
3021:
2857:
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2623:
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2324:
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1644:
1546:
1494:
1386:
529:
509:
465:
3410:
3363:
3255:
2651:
385:
1441:, presents Maimonides "as a closet nonbeliever obfuscating his message for political reasons".
5914:
5749:
5723:
5415:
5263:
5215:
5207:
5076:
5071:
4716:
4677:
4647:
4512:
4458:
4428:
4405:
4372:
4209:
4204:
4043:
3707:
3585:
3570:
3443:
3240:
3210:
3187:
3167:
3069:
3059:
2986:
2815:
2805:
2598:
2386:
2306:
2095:
2009:
1952:
1942:
1904:
1884:
1809:
1755:
1720:
1531:
1504:
1363:
1351:
1227:
1177:
1111:, the collective body of Jewish laws, and exegesis of the written Law; and the non-legalistic
789:
693:
559:
551:
525:
505:
416:
408:
396:
381:
236:
2218:
5739:
5296:
5185:
5022:
4827:
4787:
4652:
4424:
4329:
4254:
4105:
3908:
3799:
3610:
3473:
3433:
3428:
3325:
3310:
2956:
2852:
2686:
2506:
2477:
2416:
2354:
2234:
1662:
1636:
1536:
1514:
709:
644:
497:
485:
400:
315:
267:
145:
871:, "interpretation") is the Arabic word for exegesis, commentary or explanation of the Holy
816:), is strongly concerned with textual exegesis, and consequently gave rise to the study of
377:
5764:
5744:
5680:
5552:
5547:
5527:
5316:
5301:
5190:
5158:
5129:
5081:
4692:
4619:
4574:
4280:
4260:
3861:
3617:
3600:
3555:
3545:
3490:
3463:
3400:
3395:
3380:
3305:
3041:
3031:
2666:
2656:
2457:
2334:
858:
766:
701:
501:
473:
423:
research by the small, international community of scholars who specialize in the field of
233:
can be used to distinguish studies of the Bible from other critical textual explanations.
2089:
1627:
Pollock, Sheldon (2009). "Future Philology? The Fate of a Soft Science in a Hard World".
5718:
5469:
5341:
5136:
5122:
5088:
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4777:
4453:
4432:
4420:
4367:
4189:
4149:
4122:
3923:
3899:
3856:
3809:
3794:
3590:
3580:
3520:
3468:
3405:
3300:
3225:
3182:
3162:
2951:
2827:
2788:
2482:
2472:
2467:
2391:
1880:
1499:
663:
626:
603:
517:
493:
489:
477:
241:
133:
2078:. Edited by Martin D. Yaffe and Richard S. Ruderman. New York: Palgrave, 2014, p. 275.
1234:
of the fourth century, that while at 18 years of age he had already learned the whole
1002:
89:
5908:
5713:
5698:
5650:
5354:
5220:
5017:
5007:
4837:
4584:
4569:
4554:
4517:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4090:
3971:
3871:
3560:
3485:
3368:
3348:
3260:
3215:
2426:
1648:
1541:
713:
657:
the authors of the scriptural texts, and so the words of those texts convey a divine
199:
380:), medical treatises, magical texts, ancient dictionaries, and law collections (the
5865:
5688:
5537:
5507:
5225:
5012:
5002:
4594:
4357:
4290:
4265:
4230:
4138:
3986:
3876:
3851:
3505:
3495:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3330:
3245:
3177:
3074:
2738:
2462:
2411:
2053:
2049:
1971:
1551:
587:
576:
481:
2219:
Jew and Philosopher: The Return to Maimonides in the Jewish Thought of Leo Strauss
2207:
Reading between the lines – Leo Strauss and the history of early modern philosophy
1165:
389:
1422:, and pointing further back to Plato's discussion of writing as contained in the
5655:
5631:
5542:
5532:
5522:
5359:
5235:
5115:
4957:
4942:
4927:
4922:
4807:
4782:
4604:
4467:
4248:
4085:
3904:
3846:
3525:
3510:
3390:
3385:
2931:
2864:
2783:
2748:
2728:
2396:
1452:
1402:
1303:
1299:
1272:
944:
757:
have had reputations as centers of exegesis; in the US, the Divinity Schools of
651:
625:
to various degrees (from the complete rejection of historical criticism of some
536:
461:
424:
411:
on cuneiform scholarship, they often contain Sumerian words or phrases as well.
373:
128:
31:
1866:
See Izza Rohman, “Tafsir Al-Qur’an Bi Al-Qur’an as A Distinctive Methodology”,
1212:
5240:
5100:
4872:
4772:
4727:
4667:
4657:
4564:
4448:
4443:
4315:
4018:
3841:
3776:
3453:
3250:
3172:
3157:
2946:
2916:
2879:
2837:
2832:
2763:
2401:
1459:
1415:
1394:
1280:
1264:
1161:
1136:
1116:
1100:
833:
717:
658:
226:
222:
1956:
1688:
Biblical Hermeneutics: A Comprehensive Introduction to Interpreting Scripture
5583:
5374:
5108:
5061:
4972:
4947:
4937:
4842:
4822:
4662:
4544:
4415:
4298:
4194:
4127:
3595:
3320:
3142:
2971:
2936:
2921:
2884:
2301:
1896:
1576:
1489:
1484:
1419:
1390:
1370:
1248:
1220:
1216:
1107:, which also forms an object of analysis. It comprises the legal and ritual
1092:
817:
697:
555:
357:
2237:: Extensive bibliography for biblical exegesis provided by Tyndale Seminary
1447:
argument—rearticulated throughout his subsequent writings (most notably in
872:
629:
Protestants to the moderated acceptance of it in the Catholic Church since
468:. Long books or those that contain much material either for theological or
2028:"Centre interdisciplinaire d'étude des religions et de la laïcité – CIERL"
811:
805:
799:
793:
5870:
4932:
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4362:
4275:
4214:
3996:
3662:
3137:
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3127:
3079:
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2810:
2723:
2715:
2406:
2381:
2349:
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1322:
1284:
1203:
device—a distinction that was also made in a different form later in the
1200:
1128:
633:
547:
540:
1226:
How little it was known or recognized may be seen from the admission of
5321:
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4857:
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4682:
4614:
4589:
4497:
4038:
3891:
2911:
2822:
2743:
2733:
2376:
2329:
1385:
Strauss's study of philosophy and political discourses produced by the
1235:
1231:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1173:
1169:
1132:
1112:
1108:
1088:
1064:
1056:
969: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
785:
599:
388:), and from the appearance of a sacrificed sheep's liver on the other (
245:
2140:
1381:
643:
Historical criticism, also known as the historical-critical method or
217:
of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of
4472:
4340:
3728:
2981:
2874:
2753:
2317:
1843:"al-Baydawi's "Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Ta'wil" with Frontispiece"
1581:
1571:
1327:
1318:
1295:
1260:
1096:
1060:
854:
845:
825:
731:
591:
249:
2035:
1640:
484:, may be multiple- or single-volume, while short books such as the
4847:
4352:
2758:
2311:
2240:
1924:
1842:
1380:
1276:
1104:
535:
The form of each book may be identical or allow for variations in
218:
127:
1893:
The Cambridge History of the Bible: From the Beginnings to Jerome
1184:: "Truly, you say to Scripture, 'Be silent while I am expounding!
5708:
4238:
2339:
1556:
1239:
1238:, he had only heard of that principle a great many years later (
727:
630:
403:. Text commentaries are written in the East Semitic language of
5604:
5039:
4989:
4889:
4714:
3732:
2260:
5600:
2421:
2250:
1775:
1607:
1397:—was instrumental in the development of his theory of reading.
938:
345:
339:
291:
169:
25:
1980:. Vol. IX, Fasc. 2. Costa Mesa: Mazda. pp. 113–116.
1868:
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research
303:
208:
202:
2074:"Exoteric Teaching" (Critical Edition by Hannes Kerber). In
1939:
Mikra & meaning: studies in Bible and its interpretation
1830:
The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy
480:, may be split over two or three volumes. Some, such as the
321:
273:
151:
1673:
Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard, Edgar V. McKnight,
1428:, Strauss proposed that the classical and medieval art of
336:
288:
166:
1294:
Jewish exegesis did not finish with the redaction of the
330:
282:
175:
160:
2245:
1115:, a compendium of Rabbinic homilies of the parts of the
395:
As with the majority of the thousands of texts from the
1051:
Traditional Jewish forms of exegesis appear throughout
407:, but due to the influence of lexical lists written in
1701:
Dictionary for Theological Interpretation of the Bible
579:, biblical exegeses have relied on various doctrines.
229:, or virtually any other genre of writing. The phrase
753:
For more than a century, German universities such as
348:
342:
327:
324:
318:
279:
276:
270:
187:
178:
172:
157:
154:
148:
2235:
Biblical Interpretation and Application Reading Room
1937:
Helfgot, Nathaniel (2012). "Author's Introduction".
1145:
1068:
908:
896:
884:
866:
828:"speech" as indivisible unity of sound and meaning (
294:
5843:
5793:
5732:
5679:
5638:
5490:
5447:
5414:
5373:
5340:
5277:
5249:
5206:
5052:
4701:
4628:
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4386:
4289:
4229:
4005:
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3823:
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3534:
3419:
3339:
3274:
3196:
3103:
3088:
3040:
3002:
2714:
2639:
2514:
2505:
2435:
2363:
2294:
2129:Mansfield, Harvey (1975). "Strauss's Machiavelli".
333:
285:
163:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1885:"Bible and Midrash: Early Old Testament Exegesis"
1677:, Mercer University Press, USA, 1990, p. 372-375
1317:consists basically of the interpretation of the
776:is an example of Protestant Christian exegesis.
1750:Soulen, Richard N.; Soulen, R. Kendall (2001).
1663:Akkadian Commentaries and Early Hebrew Exegesis
1275:, called in traditional Hebrew attribution the
688:Catholic centres of biblical exegesis include:
558:) perspective, or a commentary that focuses on
1160:Midrash exegesis was largely in the nature of
213:, "to lead out") is a critical explanation or
5616:
3744:
2272:
1808:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Francis Asbury Press.
1690:, B&H Publishing Group, USA, 2002, p. 102
1152:is defined as finding hints for a given law.
661:. In this view of exegesis, the principle of
8:
2058:Text: Journal of Writing and Writing Courses
1355:
1074:
927:in Arabic and Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi's
902:
890:
1099:(Hebrew Bible), a biblical exegesis of the
1067:literature. Jewish exegetes have the title
5811:Creation and evolution in public education
5623:
5609:
5601:
5049:
5036:
4986:
4886:
4711:
4707:
4011:
3829:
3772:
3751:
3737:
3729:
3100:
2511:
2369:
2279:
2265:
2257:
1941:. Jerusalem: Maggid Books. p. xxiii.
1686:Bruce Corley, Steve Lemke, Grant Lovejoy,
1298:, but continued during ancient times, the
3678:Relationship between religion and science
1992:"Ecole pratique des hautes études (EPHE)"
1828:see also chapter 3.2 in Peter M. Scharf,
1719:. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House.
1103:and its paragraphs related to the Law or
1029:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
5829:Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
2117:excerpt entitled "Why Strauss, Why Now?"
1613:). See T. G. Pinches, "Exit Gišṭubar!",
260:One who practices exegesis is called an
2076:Reorientation: Leo Strauss in the 1930s
1703:, Baker Academic, USA, 2005, p. 283-284
1599:
913:). To see a glimpse of the richness of
5694:Allegorical interpretations of Genesis
5181:Conditional preservation of the saints
2604:Proper basis and Reformed epistemology
2190:Jewish Philosophy: Medieval and Modern
1414:Taking his bearings from his study of
1330:and those on dādīg texts, such as the
1211:were the first to use the expression "
244:presented in the text and analysis of
708:. The school became embroiled in the
650:Revealed exegesis considers that the
590:. In the 3rd century, the theologian
532:are often condensed into one volume.
7:
2188:Michael Paley and Jacob J. Staub in
1346:Several universities, including the
967:adding citations to reliable sources
850:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran
684:Roman Catholic theology of Scripture
364:is often used as a derogatory term.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
5067:Christian views on the Old Covenant
1075:
903:
891:
862:
2194:The Schocken Guide to Jewish Books
1716:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
1615:The Babylonian and Oriental Record
1439:Persecution and the Art of Writing
1408:Persecution and the Art of Writing
14:
5498:Attributes of God in Christianity
2157:Damon Linker (October 31, 2014).
1740:of the meaning of ancient texts."
1180:said, rejecting an exposition of
1095:teachings or commentaries on the
741:through teaching and through the
596:Catechetical School of Alexandria
5889:
5888:
5582:
3713:
3712:
3702:
2159:"What if Leo Strauss was Right?"
1455:or comparably obtuse tribunals.
1043:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
943:
456:Jewish commentaries on the Bible
314:
266:
144:
30:
16:Critical investigation of a text
2171:from the original on 2014-11-03
2108:from the original on 2020-11-09
2094:. University of Chicago Press.
1972:"EXEGESIS i. In Zoroastrianism"
1970:Kreyenbroek, Philip G. (1999).
1562:Literal and figurative language
1336:Hērbedestān and the Nērangestān
954:needs additional citations for
41:needs additional citations for
5806:Creation–evolution controversy
5571:Lists of Christian theologians
5269:Separation of church and state
2246:Cuneiform Commentaries Project
1791:Handbook of Biblical Criticism
1752:Handbook of biblical criticism
1675:Mercer Dictionary of the Bible
743:Pontifical Biblical Commission
586:is a concept used in biblical
1:
5576:Outline of Christian theology
4540:History of Christian theology
1776:"Journal of Higher Criticism"
1358:Université Libre de Bruxelles
724:Pontifical Biblical Institute
615:historical-grammatical method
452:List of Biblical commentaries
308:), the plural of exegesis is
252:features in the text itself.
5350:Baptism with the Holy Spirit
3643:Desacralization of knowledge
5518:Love of God in Christianity
5386:Christian reconstructionism
5154:Priesthood of all believers
4075:extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
3055:Best of all possible worlds
3012:Eschatological verification
2569:Fine-tuning of the universe
1789:Soulen, Richard N. (2001).
1480:Allegory in the Middle Ages
1279:(the Law or Teaching), the
1146:
1069:
909:
897:
885:
867:
812:
810:("posterior" inquiry, also
806:
800:
794:
378:Babylonian Epic of Creation
5936:
5666:Genesis creation narrative
1901:Cambridge University Press
1804:Traina, Robert A. (1985).
1713:Elwell, Walter A. (1984).
1040:
843:
681:
623:historical-critical method
449:
434:
304:
209:
203:
18:
5884:
5823:Kansas evolution hearings
5566:
5048:
5035:
4998:
4985:
4898:
4885:
4723:
4710:
4550:Calvinist–Arminian debate
4014:
3832:
3698:
2372:
2205:Winfried Schröder (ed.),
712:, and had to curtail its
368:Mesopotamian commentaries
21:Exegesis (disambiguation)
5287:Confessional Lutheranism
3284:Friedrich Schleiermacher
2870:Theories about religions
2672:Inconsistent revelations
1793:. John Knox. p. 79.
1467:Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
1207:schools. The Babylonian
1119:not connected with Law.
1047:Pardes (Jewish exegesis)
772:Robert A. Traina's book
608:Epistle to the Galatians
584:four senses of Scripture
5785:Young Earth creationism
5775:Progressive creationism
5704:Genesis flood narrative
5149:Protestant ecclesiology
4892:Eastern Orthodox Church
1891:; Evans, C. F. (eds.).
1617:, vol. 4, p. 264, 1889.
1445:Strauss's hermeneutical
1283:(the Prophets) and the
1142:talmudical hermeneutics
830:signifier and signified
798:("prior" inquiry, also
716:activities until after
700:founded in 1890 by the
5671:History of creationism
5503:Christian universalism
5439:Wesleyan Quadrilateral
5429:Imparted righteousness
5312:Lutheran scholasticism
5166:Protestant Soteriology
3148:Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
2288:Philosophy of religion
2241:JewishEncyclopedia.com
2088:Smith, Steven (2007).
1806:Methodical Bible Study
1398:
1356:
822:philosophy of language
774:Methodical Bible Study
136:
5920:Religious terminology
5835:Teach the Controversy
5770:Old Earth creationism
5513:Grace in Christianity
5327:Theology of the Cross
4768:Immaculate Conception
4463:New Covenant theology
3882:Social trinitarianism
3683:Faith and rationality
3638:Criticism of religion
3576:Robert Merrihew Adams
3566:Nicholas Wolterstorff
2769:Divine command theory
1847:World Digital Library
1465:Explicitly following
1389:—especially those of
1384:
1055:, which includes the
706:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
472:speculation, such as
446:Biblical commentaries
437:Commentaries on Plato
431:Commentaries on Plato
131:
5894:Category:Creationism
5817:Edwards v. Aguillard
5434:Second work of grace
5424:Christian perfection
5292:Evangelical Catholic
5176:Conditional election
5094:Evangelical theology
4733:Apostolic succession
4049:Conditional Security
3673:Religious philosophy
3153:Pico della Mirandola
3118:Anselm of Canterbury
3050:Augustinian theodicy
2962:Religious skepticism
2295:Concepts in religion
1977:Encyclopedia Iranica
1903:. pp. 199–231.
1699:Kevin J. Vanhoozer,
1387:Islamic civilization
1342:In a secular context
1315:Zoroastrian exegesis
1091:is a compilation of
963:improve this article
735:Gregorian University
730:, a division of the
672:artistic inspiration
638:liberal Christianity
564:historical criticism
132:A Bible open to the
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
5876:Omphalos hypothesis
5861:Biblical literalism
5851:Anthropic principle
5760:Islamic creationism
5589:Christianity portal
5558:Unlimited atonement
5365:Prosperity theology
5196:Unlimited atonement
4908:Cataphatic theology
4813:Papal infallibility
4758:Ecumenical Councils
4610:Counter-Reformation
3658:History of religion
3359:Friedrich Nietzsche
3236:Gottfried W Leibniz
3231:Nicolas Malebranche
3163:King James VI and I
2443:Abrahamic religions
2091:Reading Leo Strauss
1587:Typology (theology)
1567:Narrative criticism
1527:Biblical literalism
1520:Tradition criticism
1510:Redaction criticism
1401:In the late 1930s,
1182:Eliezer b. Hyrcanus
1123:Halakha and Aggadah
1079:, "commentators").
1053:rabbinic literature
917:in Islam, refer to
522:Epistle of Jeremiah
514:Additions to Esther
470:historical-critical
5856:Biblical inerrancy
5780:Theistic evolution
5755:Intelligent design
5661:Creationist museum
5646:Biblical cosmology
5401:Lordship salvation
5307:Lutheran orthodoxy
5259:Believer's baptism
4992:Oriental Orthodoxy
4903:Apophatic theology
4863:Transubstantiation
4748:Christian humanism
4738:Assumption of Mary
3760:Christian theology
3668:Religious language
3648:Ethics in religion
3606:William Lane Craig
3481:Charles Hartshorne
3221:Desiderius Erasmus
3123:Augustine of Hippo
3065:Inconsistent triad
3027:Apophatic theology
3022:Logical positivism
3004:Religious language
2624:Watchmaker analogy
2589:Necessary existent
2365:Conceptions of God
2325:Intelligent design
1547:Gloss (annotation)
1495:Biblical criticism
1399:
1377:Straussian reading
1131:as well as in the
804:), in contrast to
530:Johannine epistles
510:Bel and the Dragon
466:books of the Bible
137:
5902:
5901:
5750:Hindu creationism
5724:Ussher chronology
5598:
5597:
5486:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5477:
5465:Messianic Judaism
5264:Immersion baptism
5216:Anglo-Catholicism
5077:Dispensationalism
5072:Covenant theology
5031:
5030:
5023:Aphthartodocetism
4981:
4980:
4881:
4880:
4526:
4525:
4406:Dispensationalism
4373:Church discipline
4225:
4224:
4205:Union with Christ
3977:Angelic hierarchy
3953:
3952:
3726:
3725:
3626:
3625:
3586:Peter van Inwagen
3571:Richard Swinburne
3516:George I Mavrodes
3376:Vladimir Solovyov
3316:Søren Kierkegaard
3241:William Wollaston
3188:William of Ockham
3168:Marcion of Sinope
3070:Irenaean theodicy
3060:Euthyphro dilemma
2987:Transcendentalism
2816:Womanist theology
2806:Feminist theology
2710:
2709:
2501:
2500:
2387:Divine simplicity
2307:Euthyphro dilemma
1948:978-1-61329-001-9
1927:on Lev. xiii. 49)
1815:978-0-310-31230-7
1761:978-0-664-22314-4
1726:978-0-8010-3413-8
1532:Biblical software
1505:Radical criticism
1393:(shown here) and
1364:study of religion
1352:Leiden University
1178:Ishmael b. Elisha
1039:
1038:
1031:
1013:
790:Indian philosophy
780:Indian philosophy
739:Catholic exegesis
737:, has influenced
560:textual criticism
506:Prayer of Azariah
417:Epic of Gilgamesh
409:Sumerian language
397:ancient Near East
382:Code of Hammurabi
237:Textual criticism
231:Biblical exegesis
126:
125:
118:
100:
5927:
5892:
5891:
5740:Creation science
5625:
5618:
5611:
5602:
5586:
5378:
5186:Prevenient grace
5050:
5037:
4987:
4918:Essence–energies
4887:
4828:Quartodecimanism
4712:
4708:
4620:Great Awakenings
4255:Incurvatus in se
4012:
3909:Hypostatic union
3830:
3800:Biblical studies
3773:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3716:
3715:
3706:
3611:Ali Akbar Rashad
3474:Reinhold Niebuhr
3434:Bertrand Russell
3429:George Santayana
3326:Albrecht Ritschl
3311:Ludwig Feuerbach
3101:
3097:(by date active)
2957:Process theology
2702:Russell's teapot
2512:
2507:Existence of God
2417:Process theology
2370:
2355:Theological veto
2318:religious belief
2281:
2274:
2267:
2258:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2203:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2132:Political Theory
2126:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2034:. Archived from
2024:
2018:
2017:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1877:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1747:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1629:Critical Inquiry
1624:
1618:
1604:
1537:Biblical studies
1515:Source criticism
1449:The City and Man
1361:
1187:
1151:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1034:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1012:
971:
947:
939:
912:
906:
905:
900:
894:
893:
888:
870:
864:
824:. Its notion of
815:
809:
803:
797:
792:, also known as
710:modernist crisis
645:higher criticism
594:, a graduate of
582:The doctrine of
486:deuterocanonical
401:cuneiform script
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
307:
306:
301:
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297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
212:
211:
206:
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194:
190:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5880:
5839:
5789:
5765:Neo-creationism
5745:Gap creationism
5728:
5681:Book of Genesis
5675:
5634:
5629:
5599:
5594:
5562:
5553:Problem of Hell
5548:Problem of evil
5528:Omnibenevolence
5474:
5443:
5410:
5376:
5369:
5336:
5317:Neo-Lutheranism
5302:Loci Theologici
5273:
5245:
5202:
5191:Total depravity
5159:Church covenant
5130:Soli Deo gloria
5082:Supersessionism
5044:
5027:
4994:
4977:
4894:
4877:
4719:
4717:Catholic Church
4697:
4624:
4575:Semipelagianism
4522:
4433:A-millennialism
4382:
4285:
4281:Total depravity
4261:Occasion of sin
4221:
4001:
3949:
3886:
3862:Theology proper
3819:
3762:
3757:
3727:
3722:
3694:
3622:
3618:Alexander Pruss
3601:Jean-Luc Marion
3556:Alvin Plantinga
3551:Dewi Z Phillips
3538:
3536:
3530:
3501:Walter Kaufmann
3491:Frithjof Schuon
3464:Rudolf Bultmann
3421:
3415:
3411:Joseph Maréchal
3401:Pavel Florensky
3396:Sergei Bulgakov
3381:Ernst Troeltsch
3364:Harald Høffding
3341:
3335:
3306:William Whewell
3294:Georg W F Hegel
3289:Karl C F Krause
3276:
3270:
3266:Johann G Herder
3256:Baron d'Holbach
3206:Augustin Calmet
3192:
3108:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3084:
3042:Problem of evil
3036:
3032:Verificationism
2998:
2706:
2652:Atheist's Wager
2635:
2497:
2431:
2359:
2335:Problem of evil
2290:
2285:
2251:en.exegetes.org
2231:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2174:
2172:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2111:
2109:
2102:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1949:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1895:. Vol. 1.
1879:
1878:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1475:
1379:
1344:
1312:
1257:
1230:, a Babylonian
1194:
1185:
1158:
1125:
1085:
1049:
1041:Main articles:
1035:
1024:
1018:
1015:
972:
970:
960:
948:
937:
852:
844:Main articles:
842:
836:(7th century).
782:
769:became famous.
751:
702:Dominican order
686:
680:
617:is a Christian
573:
502:Book of Susanna
458:
448:
439:
433:
386:Enūma Anu Enlil
370:
317:
313:
269:
265:
258:
242:literary genres
192:
188:
147:
143:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5907:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5825:
5820:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5719:Tower of Babel
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5685:
5683:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5605:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5470:Restorationism
5467:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5408:
5406:Predestination
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5346:
5344:
5342:Pentecostalist
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5146:
5144:Fundamentalism
5141:
5137:Solus Christus
5133:
5126:
5123:Sola scriptura
5119:
5112:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5089:Evangelicalism
5086:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4890:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4868:Ultramontanism
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4778:Infant baptism
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4753:Traditionalism
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4456:
4454:Apocalypticism
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4421:Millenarianism
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4368:Full communion
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4338:
4332:
4327:
4325:Congregational
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4190:Sanctification
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4160:Reconciliation
4157:
4155:Recapitulation
4152:
4150:Predestination
4147:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4123:Means of grace
4120:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3924:Christocentric
3921:
3916:
3911:
3902:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3857:Theocentricism
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3810:Law and Gospel
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3733:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3634:
3632:
3631:Related topics
3628:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Daniel Dennett
3588:
3583:
3581:Ravi Zacharias
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3546:William L Rowe
3542:
3540:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3521:William Alston
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3469:Gabriel Marcel
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3406:Ernst Cassirer
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3301:Thomas Carlyle
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:Baruch Spinoza
3223:
3218:
3213:
3211:René Descartes
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3183:Thomas Aquinas
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3098:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Possibilianism
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2828:Fundamentalism
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2789:Existentialism
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2682:Noncognitivism
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2631:Transcendental
2628:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Pascal's wager
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2529:
2527:Christological
2524:
2518:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2230:
2229:External links
2227:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2198:
2196:(1992) p. 215.
2181:
2149:
2121:
2101:978-0226763897
2100:
2080:
2067:
2041:
2038:on 2007-11-12.
2019:
2001:
1983:
1962:
1947:
1929:
1916:
1909:
1889:Ackroyd, P. R.
1872:
1859:
1834:
1821:
1814:
1796:
1781:
1767:
1760:
1742:
1732:
1725:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1654:
1641:10.1086/599594
1635:(4): 931–961.
1619:
1598:
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1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
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1569:
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1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:Form criticism
1492:
1487:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1378:
1375:
1343:
1340:
1311:
1310:Zoroastrianism
1308:
1256:
1253:
1193:
1190:
1157:
1154:
1135:exegesis, the
1124:
1121:
1084:
1081:
1037:
1036:
951:
949:
942:
936:
933:
841:
838:
813:Brahma-Mīmāṃsā
807:Uttara Mīmāṃsā
781:
778:
750:
747:
746:
745:
720:
694:École Biblique
679:
676:
664:sensus plenior
627:fundamentalist
604:Paul of Tarsus
572:
569:
464:of one or two
447:
444:
432:
429:
369:
366:
257:
254:
215:interpretation
134:Book of Isaiah
124:
123:
106:September 2022
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5932:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5895:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:Controversies
5792:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5699:Flood geology
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5651:Creation myth
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5626:
5621:
5619:
5614:
5612:
5607:
5606:
5603:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5355:Faith healing
5353:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5231:Center church
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5221:Branch theory
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5127:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5042:Protestantism
5038:
5034:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Monothelitism
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:Monophysitism
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4838:Sacerdotalism
4836:
4834:
4833:Real presence
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Scholasticism
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Caesaropapism
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4555:Apostolic Age
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4519:
4518:War in Heaven
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4503:Second Coming
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:New Jerusalem
4491:
4489:
4488:Millennialism
4486:
4484:
4483:Last Judgment
4481:
4479:
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4133:Mortification
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4119:
4118:Justification
4116:
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4091:Glorification
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3998:
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3987:Fallen angels
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3872:Impassibility
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3561:Anthony Kenny
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3486:Mircea Eliade
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3369:William James
3367:
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3349:Ernst Haeckel
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3261:Immanuel Kant
3259:
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3216:Blaise Pascal
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3017:Language game
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2698:
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2687:Occam's razor
2685:
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2670:
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2535:
2533:
2532:Consciousness
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
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2519:
2517:
2513:
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2446:
2444:
2441:
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2438:
2434:
2428:
2427:Unmoved mover
2425:
2423:
2422:Supreme Being
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
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2239:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:, printed in
2191:
2185:
2182:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2146:
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2138:
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2103:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:Krauth, Nigel
2045:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2014:leidenuniv.nl
2011:
2010:"Organisatie"
2005:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1987:
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1966:
1963:
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1910:0-521-07418-5
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1568:
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1548:
1545:
1543:
1542:Close reading
1540:
1538:
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1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
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1513:
1511:
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1396:
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1237:
1233:
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1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1033:
1030:
1022:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980: –
979:
975:
974:Find sources:
968:
964:
958:
957:
952:This section
950:
946:
941:
940:
934:
932:
930:
929:Tafsir Naeemi
926:
925:
920:
916:
911:
899:
887:
882:
878:
874:
869:
860:
856:
851:
847:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
814:
808:
802:
801:Karma-Mīmāṃsā
796:
795:Pūrva Mīmāṃsā
791:
787:
779:
777:
775:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
719:
715:
714:New Testament
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
689:
685:
677:
675:
673:
668:
666:
665:
660:
656:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:hermeneutical
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
570:
568:
565:
561:
557:
553:
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544:
542:
538:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
457:
453:
445:
443:
438:
430:
428:
426:
420:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
353:
311:
302:; from Greek
299:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
201:
197:
196:
183:
141:
135:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
5866:Created kind
5827:
5815:
5689:Adam and Eve
5587:
5538:Omnipresence
5508:Divine mercy
5332:Two kingdoms
5226:Broad church
5135:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5107:
5102:
5013:Monoenergism
5003:Miaphysitism
4703:By tradition
4643:Biblical law
4595:Conciliarism
4461: /
4431: /
4427: /
4358:Conciliarity
4335:Presbyterian
4291:Ecclesiology
4266:Original sin
4253:
4244:Anthropology
4231:Hamartiology
4180:Resurrection
4170:Regeneration
4145:Perseverance
4139:Ordo salutis
4137:
4101:Irresistible
4073:
4069:Eternal life
4059:Divinization
3934:Resurrection
3877:Perichoresis
3867:Immutability
3852:Pneumatology
3815:Hermeneutics
3804:
3790:Preservation
3687:
3652:
3506:Martin Lings
3459:Emil Brunner
3449:Paul Tillich
3439:Martin Buber
3354:W K Clifford
3331:Afrikan Spir
3246:Thomas Chubb
3198:Early modern
3178:Adi Shankara
3091:Philosophers
3075:Natural evil
2991:
2967:Spiritualism
2942:Perennialism
2895:Metaphysical
2739:Antireligion
2614:Teleological
2537:Cosmological
2488:Baháʼí Faith
2453:Christianity
2412:Personal god
2214:
2206:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2173:. Retrieved
2162:
2152:
2144:
2130:
2124:
2116:
2110:. Retrieved
2090:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2044:
2036:the original
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1975:
1965:
1938:
1932:
1919:
1892:
1881:Vermes, Géza
1875:
1867:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1837:
1829:
1824:
1805:
1799:
1790:
1784:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1735:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1657:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1552:Gymnobiblism
1464:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1368:
1345:
1335:
1331:
1313:
1293:
1289:
1258:
1245:
1225:
1195:
1159:
1126:
1086:
1050:
1025:
1016:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
973:
961:Please help
956:verification
953:
928:
924:Tafsir Kabir
922:
914:
880:
876:
853:
832:) is due to
783:
773:
771:
752:
687:
669:
662:
649:
642:
612:
588:hermeneutics
581:
577:Christianity
574:
571:Christianity
545:
534:
488:portions of
482:Four Gospels
459:
440:
421:
413:
394:
371:
361:
309:
261:
259:
235:
230:
139:
138:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
5656:Creationism
5632:Creationism
5543:Omniscience
5533:Omnipotence
5523:Love of God
5377:(Calvinist)
5360:Glossolalia
5236:High church
5116:Sola gratia
4958:Tabor Light
4943:Proskynesis
4928:Metousiosis
4923:Gnomic will
4808:Natural law
4783:Josephology
4773:Indulgences
4638:Apologetics
4605:Reformation
4600:Renaissance
4513:Tribulation
4396:Historicism
4388:Eschatology
4086:Forgiveness
4007:Soteriology
3945:Holy Spirit
3929:Incarnation
3847:Christology
3785:Inspiration
3526:Antony Flew
3511:Peter Geach
3444:René Guénon
3391:Lev Shestov
3386:Rudolf Otto
3093:of religion
2932:Panentheism
2865:Inclusivism
2784:Exclusivism
2779:Esotericism
2749:Creationism
2729:Agnosticism
2697:Poor design
2692:Omnipotence
2619:Natural law
2594:Ontological
2547:Contingency
2397:Holy Spirit
1996:sorbonne.fr
1852:28 February
1453:Inquisition
1403:Leo Strauss
1304:Renaissance
1300:Middle Ages
1273:Hagiographa
1166:edification
652:Holy Spirit
610:chapter 4.
537:methodology
425:Assyriology
374:Mesopotamia
250:syntactical
246:grammatical
198:; from the
5909:Categories
5714:Noah's Ark
5460:Anabaptism
5396:Free Grace
5241:Low church
4873:Veneration
4818:Priesthood
4728:Absolution
4668:Missiology
4658:Homiletics
4580:Iconoclasm
4565:Patristics
4532:Historical
4508:Soul sleep
4449:Apocalypse
4444:Antichrist
4346:Historical
4316:Missiology
4304:Confession
4175:Repentance
4165:Redemption
4113:Imputation
4106:Prevenient
4054:Conversion
4019:Absolution
3842:Paterology
3837:Attributes
3768:Systematic
3496:J L Mackie
3454:Karl Barth
3251:David Hume
3173:Maimonides
3158:Heraclitus
2947:Polytheism
2917:Nondualism
2905:Humanistic
2890:Naturalism
2880:Monotheism
2838:Henotheism
2833:Gnosticism
2764:Demonology
2647:747 gambit
2564:Experience
2402:Misotheism
2175:2014-11-04
2112:2006-09-20
1606:BM 54595 (
1594:References
1460:hoi polloi
1416:Maimonides
1395:Maimonides
1371:doctorates
1354:, and the
1350:in Paris,
1271:, and the
1265:Pentateuch
1205:Babylonian
1162:homiletics
1117:Pentateuch
1101:Pentateuch
1063:, and the
1059:, the two
1019:March 2022
989:newspapers
978:"Exegesis"
910:mufassirūn
901:, plural:
834:Bhartrhari
788:school of
749:Protestant
718:Vatican II
682:See also:
659:revelation
602:) used by
524:), or the
462:exposition
450:See also:
435:See also:
227:literature
223:philosophy
210:ἐξηγεῖσθαι
76:newspapers
65:"Exegesis"
5455:Adventism
5375:Reformed
5171:Assurance
5109:Sola fide
5062:Adiaphora
4973:Theotokos
4953:Symphonia
4948:Sobornost
4938:Phyletism
4848:Sainthood
4843:Sacrament
4823:Purgatory
4803:Modernism
4793:Mariology
4688:Political
4663:Liturgics
4648:Education
4630:Practical
4545:Orthodoxy
4468:End times
4439:Adventism
4416:Preterism
4330:Episcopal
4309:Eucharist
4299:Sacrament
4195:Synergism
4185:Salvation
4128:Monergism
4034:Atonement
4029:Assurance
3959:Cosmology
3939:Ascension
3777:Scripture
3596:Loyal Rue
3321:Karl Marx
3143:Gaudapada
2972:Shamanism
2937:Pantheism
2922:Nontheism
2900:Religious
2885:Mysticism
2858:Christian
2848:Religious
2799:Atheistic
2794:Christian
2677:Nonbelief
2662:Free will
2478:Mormonism
2302:Afterlife
2032:ulb.ac.be
1957:779489142
1897:Cambridge
1883:(1993) .
1649:162350464
1577:Semiotics
1490:Eisegesis
1485:Archetype
1420:Al-Farabi
1391:Al-Farabi
1249:Masorites
1221:Babylonia
1217:Midrashic
1197:Tannaitic
1156:Midrashic
1137:expounder
1093:homiletic
1070:mefarshim
931:in Urdu.
919:Imam Razi
818:philology
698:Jerusalem
556:Calvinist
362:Eisegesis
358:eisegesis
5915:Exegesis
5871:Nephilim
5491:See also
5416:Wesleyan
5279:Lutheran
5208:Anglican
4933:Phronema
4763:Filioque
4743:Dogmatic
4683:Polemics
4678:Pastoral
4459:Covenant
4411:Futurism
4401:Idealism
4378:Shunning
4363:Koinonia
4276:Theodicy
4249:The Fall
4215:Blessing
4064:Election
4024:Adoption
3997:Theodicy
3982:Humanity
3967:Creation
3805:Exegesis
3795:Canonics
3718:Category
3663:Religion
3653:Exegesis
3138:Boethius
3133:Averroes
3128:Avicenna
3110:medieval
3080:Theodicy
2927:Pandeism
2843:Humanism
2811:Thealogy
2754:Dharmism
2724:Acosmism
2716:Theology
2584:Morality
2579:Miracles
2458:Hinduism
2448:Buddhism
2407:Pandeism
2382:Demiurge
2350:Theodicy
2169:Archived
2164:The Week
2106:Archived
2052:(2011).
1473:See also
1435:Phaedrus
1430:esoteric
1425:Phaedrus
1348:Sorbonne
1332:Vendīdād
1323:Sasanian
1302:and the
1285:Kethuvim
1269:Prophets
1201:mnemonic
1148:asmachta
1129:halakhic
898:mufassir
886:mufassir
820:and the
755:Tübingen
678:Catholic
655:inspired
634:Pius XII
552:Reformed
548:Catholic
541:pericope
526:pastoral
520:and the
498:Jeremiah
405:Akkadian
310:exegeses
305:ἐξηγητής
219:Biblical
204:ἐξήγησις
140:Exegesis
5844:Related
5801:Outline
5639:General
5322:Pietism
5297:Haugean
5251:Baptist
5106: (
5054:General
4968:Theosis
4963:Theoria
4913:Economy
4858:Thomism
4853:Scotism
4788:Liturgy
4615:Pietism
4590:Thomism
4498:Rapture
4423: (
4323: (
4210:Worship
4200:Theosis
4044:Calling
4039:Baptism
3907: (
3892:Trinity
3689:more...
3422:postwar
3105:Ancient
2993:more...
2912:New Age
2853:Secular
2823:Fideism
2774:Dualism
2744:Atheism
2734:Animism
2640:Against
2483:Sikhism
2473:Judaism
2468:Jainism
2377:Brahman
2330:Miracle
1281:Nevi'im
1236:Mishnah
1209:Amoraim
1192:Tannaim
1170:Amoraim
1133:aggadic
1127:In the
1113:Aggadah
1109:Halakha
1089:Midrash
1083:Midrash
1065:midrash
1061:Talmuds
1057:Mishnah
1003:scholar
935:Judaism
786:Mimamsa
763:Harvard
759:Chicago
600:midrash
474:Genesis
262:exegete
207:, from
90:scholar
4693:Public
4653:Ethics
4473:Heaven
4341:Bishop
4321:Polity
3972:Angels
3900:Father
3708:Portal
2982:Theism
2875:Monism
2609:Reason
2559:Desire
2554:Degree
2522:Beauty
2436:God in
2392:Egoism
2345:Spirit
2141:190834
2139:
2098:
1955:
1945:
1907:
1832:(1996)
1812:
1758:
1723:
1647:
1582:Symbol
1572:Pesher
1334:, the
1328:Gathas
1319:Avesta
1296:Talmud
1267:, the
1228:Kahana
1213:Peshaṭ
1097:Tanakh
1076:מפרשים
1005:
998:
991:
984:
976:
915:tafsīr
904:مفسرون
892:'مُفسر
881:tafsīr
873:Qur'an
868:tafsīr
859:Arabic
855:Tafsīr
846:Tafsir
826:shabda
732:Jesuit
592:Origen
518:Baruch
500:(i.e.
496:, and
494:Esther
490:Daniel
478:Psalms
390:Bārûtu
92:
85:
78:
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5733:Types
5448:Other
5391:TULIP
5103:solae
5101:Five
4673:Moral
4560:Canon
4429:Post-
4353:Synod
4096:Grace
4081:Faith
3992:Satan
3919:Logos
3914:Jesus
2977:Taoic
2759:Deism
2542:Kalam
2493:Wicca
2463:Islam
2312:Faith
2221:p. 25
2137:JSTOR
1925:Sifra
1887:. In
1645:S2CID
1611:4.2.R
1277:Torah
1261:Mikra
1255:Mikra
1232:amora
1174:tanna
1144:form
1105:Torah
1010:JSTOR
996:books
883:is a
863:تفسير
840:Islam
256:Usage
200:Greek
191:-sih-
97:JSTOR
83:books
5709:Noah
4798:Mass
4478:Hell
4425:Pre-
4239:Adam
3539:2010
3537:1990
3535:1970
3420:1920
3342:1900
3340:1880
3277:1850
3275:1800
2667:Hell
2657:Evil
2574:Love
2340:Soul
2096:ISBN
2064:(1).
1953:OCLC
1943:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1854:2013
1810:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1661:See
1557:Icon
1418:and
1259:The
1240:Shab
1087:The
1045:and
982:news
877:ayah
848:and
784:The
767:Yale
765:and
728:Rome
722:the
692:the
631:Pope
613:The
454:and
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4271:Sin
3905:Son
3825:God
3107:and
2515:For
2316:or
1637:doi
1609:CCP
1188:".
965:by
921:'s
726:of
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