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condescension, aversion, admiration and hopes for an escape from an oppressive northern
European lifestyle. Similarly, tourism and intra-national relations between urban centers and rural peripheries are spheres where exoticizing dynamics are at a play, even if, as noted above, these dynamics may well involve the ambivalence of the spectators, and also the involvement of those represented in reproducing, and at times contesting the stereotypes of those who represent others.
41:) was a trend in art and design whereby artists became fascinated with ideas and styles from distant regions and drew inspiration from them. This often involved surrounding foreign cultures with mystique and fantasy which owed more to the culture of the people doing the exoticism than to the exotic cultures themselves: this process of glamorisation and stereotyping is called "exoticisation".
159:, finished in 1814, was created to arouse the male view. The notion of the exotic figure furthers Ingres' use of symmetry and line by enabling the eye to move cohesively across the canvas. Although Ingres' intention was to make the woman beautiful in his work, his model was a courtesan, which aroused debate.
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was a popular play about a courtesan of that name. The painting diverged scandalously from the accepted academic style by outlining the figure and flattening space to draw the viewer in: Olympia seems provocatively naked rather than classically nude. Looking out boldly, she puts the viewer in the
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in most modern dictionaries is 'foreign', but while all things exotic are foreign, not everything foreign is exotic. Since there is no outside without an inside, the foreign only becomes exotic when imported – brought from the outside in. From the early 17th century, "exotic" has denoted enticing
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with the attribution of negative qualities. A study of the sphere of
Othering in contexts, such as the relationship between Greece and Germany during the sovereign debt crisis years and the art show Documenta14 may point to volatile ingredients in "exoticism", including fascination mixed with
153:(1780–1867) was a French Neoclassical painter. The revival of ancient Greek and Roman art left behind the academy's emphasis on naturalism and incorporated an idealism not seen since the Renaissance. As classicism progressed, Ingres identified a newfound idealism and exoticism in his work.
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The influences of
Exoticism can be seen through numerous genres of this period, notably in music, painting, and decorative art. In music, exoticism is a genre in which the patterns, notes, or instrumentation are designed to feel like the audience is in exotic places or old times (e.g.,
127:'s important "Essay on Exoticism" reveals Exoticism as born of the age of imperialism, possessing both aesthetic and ontological value, while using it to uncover a significant cultural "otherness". An important and archetypical exoticist is the artist and writer
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has become a key term in political assessments of the encounter between Euro-America and the non-Western world and more broadly of any center and a periphery. As recent anthropological enquiries suggest, terms such as
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First stimulated by
Eastern trade in the 16th and 17th centuries, interest in non-western (particularly Oriental, i.e. Middle Eastern or Asian) art by Europeans became more and more popular with the rise of
116:). Like orientalist subjects in 19th-century painting, exoticism in the decorative arts and interior decoration was associated with fantasies of opulence.
63:, when "outside" seemed to grow larger each day, as Western ships sailed the world and dropped anchor off other continents. The first definition of
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Carter, Karen (2012). "The
Spectatorship of the Affiche Illustrée and the Modern City of Paris, 1880-1900".
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defines exoticism in art and literature as the representation of one culture for consumption by another.
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strangeness – or, as one modern dictionary puts it, "the charm or fascination of the unfamiliar".
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position of a man coming to a prostitute, although the placement of her hand suggests coyness.
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people and landscapes were targeted at a French audience. While exoticism is closely linked to
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have been at times simplistically applied to merely equate the interest in the
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Tradition in the Frame: Photography, Power, and
Imagination in Sfakia, Crete
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Exoticism, by one definition, is "the charm of the unfamiliar". Scholar
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The Smart Set: Alden Jones on
Teaching Exoticism on Semester at Sea
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Herbert, Robert (1990). "Art, Leisure, and
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567:(Manchester: Manchester University Press).
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