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was thought particularly to ward off evil from children, mainly boys, and from conquering generals (see n. 6). The protective function of the phallus is usually related to the virile and regenerative powers of an erect phallus, though in most cases the emotion, shame, or laughter created by obscenity
305:
project suggested that some types of phallic pendant were designed to remain pointing outwards, in the direction of travel of the wearer, in order to face towards any potential danger or bad luck and nullify it before it could affect the wearer. Other symbols may have been interchangeable with the
258:, this obscene member, placed on a little trolley, was first exhibited with great honour at the crossroads in the countryside, and then conveyed into the city itself. … In this way, it seems, the god Liber was to be propitiated, in order to secure the growth of seeds and to repel enchantment
300:
There are very few Roman images of people wearing a phallic charm. Varro notes the custom of hanging a phallic charm on a baby's neck, and examples have been found of phallus-bearing rings too small to be worn except by children. A 2017
313:
The victory of the phallus over the power of the evil eye may be represented by the phallus ejaculating towards a disembodied eye. This motif is shown in several examples of Roman art. For example, the motif is known from multiple
367:
253:
Varro says that certain rites of Liber were celebrated in Italy which were of such unrestrained wickedness that the shameful parts of the male were worshipped at crossroads in his honour. … For, during the days of the
389:
139:
poem addressing his lover Lesbia; he expresses his infinite desire for kisses that cannot be counted by voyeurs nor "fascinated" (put under a spell) by a malicious tongue; such bliss, as also in
337:
The "fist and phallus" amulet was prevalent amongst soldiers. These are phallic pendants with a representation of a (usually) clenched fist at the bottom of the shaft, facing away from the
409:
286:
Phallic charms, often winged, were ubiquitous in Roman culture, appearing as objects of jewellery such as pendants and finger rings, relief carvings, lamps, and wind chimes (
650:
956:
439:
208:, suggest that this phallus was an embodiment of a masculine generative power located within the hearth, regarded as sacred. When a general celebrated a
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153:, the satiric and often lewd songs or chants performed on various social occasions, may have been so-named from the
1168:
833:
Parker, A. (2017). "Protecting the Troops? Phallic
Carvings in the North of Roman Britain". In Parker, A (ed.).
173:
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231:
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What shall I say of clothes? Theoretical and
Methodological Approaches to the Study of Dress in Antiquity
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759:
Dasen, V. (2015). "Pobaskania: Amulets and Magic in
Antiquity". In Boschung, D.; Bremmer, J. N. (eds.).
1143:
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Colchester
Archaeological Report 2: The Roman Small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-9
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267:
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The Idea of a Town: The
Anthropology of Urban Form in Rome, Italy, and the Ancient World
192:, the sacred image of the phallus that was one of the tokens of the safety of the state
1258:
1188:
1083:
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798:: apotropaic magic and how to wear a penis". In Cifarelli, M.; Gawlinkski, L. (eds.).
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234:, notes that a phallic image was carried in procession annually at the festival of
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843:. BAR British Series 631. Oxford: British Archaeological Report. pp. 117–130.
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157:; ancient sources propose this etymology along with an alternative origin from
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Material
Approaches to Roman Magic: Occult Objects and Supernatural Substances
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in bronze. The topmost is an example of the "fist and phallus" amulet with a
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383:(Italy), with the phallus as a beast which the human male engages in combat.
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230:, whose primary source on Roman religion was the lost theological works of
676:, "Mutinus Titinus: A Study in Etrusco-Roman Religion and Topography," in
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969:
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Parker, A. (2015). "The Fist-and-Phallus
Pendants from Roman Catterick".
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Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Sourcebook
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Roman
Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity
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figurine shows "two little phallus-men sawing an eyeball in half".
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354:
349:", a symbol of good luck. The largest known collection comes from
323:
235:
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Open
Library: Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiquities: Fascinum
127:", that is, "to practice magic" and hence "to enchant, bewitch".
1198:
1123:
562:
188:
938:
735:
in Roman
Britain and Beyond". In Parker, A.; Mckie, S. (eds.).
838:: Papers on the Roman Army and Frontiers in celebration of Dr
743:
Themes in Roman Archaeology 2. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 57–68.
353:. Some examples of the fist-and-phallus amulets incorporate
512:
is used most often for objects or magic charms, masculine
83:, and to the spells used to invoke his divine protection.
266:
As a divinized phallus, Fascinus shared attributes with
731:
Parker, A. (2018). "The Bells! The Bells! Approaching
680:(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974), pp. 187–206.
546:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1994), p. 23.
1432:
1391:
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395:Bas-relief of a legged phallus ejaculating into an
649:(Cambridge University Press, 1998, 2002), p. 292
245:, for the purpose of protecting the fields from
718:Sex or Symbol? Erotic Images of Greece and Rome
251:
1007:
880:. Colchester: Colchester Archaeological Trust.
1268:
988:
950:
780:(London: BT Batsford LTD, 1984), pp. 185–186
647:Augustine: The City of God against the Pagans
270:, whose shrine was supposed to date from the
8:
678:Roman Religion and Roman Empire: Five Essays
341:. Several examples show the fist making the
531:(Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 152.
445:A simple phallic pendant from Suffolk (UK).
957:
943:
935:
697:. City University of New York. p. 92.
579:(Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 61
528:Catullus and the Poetics of Roman Manhood
820:(Oxford University Press, 2002), p. 225
772:
770:
754:
752:
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668:4.7, explicitly connects Tutunus to the
571:(Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 73;
297:is the power that diverts the evil eye.
172:
39:
20:
708:
706:
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497:
473:
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177:Fascinus from Pompeii showing a phallus
44:Phallus inscribed on a paving stone at
688:
686:
7:
212:, the Vestals hung an effigy of the
645:English translation by R.W. Dyson,
595:(MIT Press, 1988), pp. 101 and 159
794:Whitmore, A. (2017). "Fascinating
763:. Morphomata 20. pp. 177–204.
326:, as well as several instances on
196:. It was thus associated with the
14:
804:American Institute of Archaeology
433:A phallic pendant from Kent (UK).
91:, a "doctor" or remedy for envy (
71:was the embodiment of the divine
438:
426:
408:
388:
366:
113:" ultimately derives from Latin
75:. The word can refer to phallus
720:. London: British Museum Press.
399:on which a scorpion sits, from
1008:
16:Phallic symbol in ancient Rome
1:
857:. Portable Antiquities Scheme
415:A simple phallic relief from
306:phallus, such as the club of
274:, and the imported Greek god
357:imagery as well as an extra
131:uses the verb at the end of
543:Latin Literature: A History
204:, such as the begetting of
123:, "to use the power of the
97:, a "looking upon") or the
1557:
1269:
989:
905:10.1017/S0068113X15000161
778:Religion in Roman Britain
1536:Ancient Roman erotic art
855:"PAS Record: LIN-2BE126"
784:, with image of example.
761:The Materiality of Magic
693:Williams, C. A. (1999).
303:experimental archaeology
216:on the underside of his
143:5, potentially attracts
1541:Ancient Roman metalwork
1283:Pictish painted pebbles
185:tended the cult of the
264:
232:Marcus Terentius Varro
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53:ancient Roman religion
48:
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482:On the Latin language
176:
119:and the related verb
43:
24:
272:founding of the city
249:, magic compulsion:
220:to protect him from
876:Crummy, N. (1983).
634:Roman Homosexuality
577:Remus: A Roman Myth
555:R. Joy Littlewood,
540:Gian Biagio Conte,
330:. A 1st-century BC
243:Dionysus or Bacchus
1465:Magic and religion
674:Robert E.A. Palmer
624:Augustine of Hippo
179:
161:, a small town in
109:The English word "
49:
38:
1498:
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806:. pp. 47–65.
666:Adversus nationes
316:relief sculptures
282:As a magic symbol
256:festival of Liber
151:Fescennine Verses
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1475:Numismatic charm
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1368:Voodoo doll
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1353:Touch piece
1224:Koan kroach
1219:Kanai Anzen
1214:Kagura suzu
1189:I'noGo tied
1174:Horse brass
984:Abracadabra
899:: 135–149.
421:(York, UK).
381:Herculaneum
351:Camulodunum
202:Roman myths
26:Gallo-Roman
1516:Roman gods
1505:Categories
1470:Numerology
1424:Wolfsangel
1373:Witch ball
1358:Triskelion
1298:Red string
1278:Palad khik
1139:Gorgoneion
1074:Corn dolly
1062:Cornicello
1042:Bullroarer
1010:Azusa Yumi
559:Commentary
492:References
359:apotropaic
343:manus fica
332:terracotta
247:fascinatio
34:manus fica
1455:Feng shui
1404:Navaratna
1392:Talismans
1204:Kabura-ya
1184:Hoko doll
1179:Horseshoe
1159:Hama yumi
1144:Gris-gris
1129:God's eye
1114:Elf-arrow
1068:Crepundia
970:talismans
913:163628404
893:Britannia
836:Ad Vallum
714:Johns, C.
228:Augustine
198:Palladium
187:fascinus
159:Fescennia
121:fascinare
111:fascinate
105:Etymology
1450:Evil eye
1414:Swastika
1234:Mandrake
1119:Fascinus
1109:Dzi bead
1057:Cimaruta
716:(1982).
670:fascinus
662:Arnobius
636:, p. 92.
514:fascinus
510:fascinum
484:, VII.97
451:See also
418:Eboracum
403:(Libya).
397:evil eye
361:device.
347:fig sign
308:Hercules
294:Fascinus
214:fascinus
155:fascinum
133:Carmen 7
129:Catullus
125:fascinus
116:fascinum
99:evil eye
77:effigies
68:fascinum
62:fascinus
30:fascinum
1511:Amulets
1338:Thokcha
1271:Omamori
1254:Mugwort
1244:Mjölnir
1154:Hama ya
977:Amulets
966:Amulets
861:13 July
822:online.
796:fascina
651:online.
597:online.
581:online.
480:Varro,
276:Priapus
222:invidia
218:chariot
210:triumph
163:Etruria
145:invidia
94:invidia
81:amulets
73:phallus
46:Pompeii
1333:Takrut
1328:Ta'wiz
1308:Sachet
1288:Poppet
1099:DĹŤtaku
1047:Carnyx
1017:BonshĹŤ
991:Agimat
911:
782:online
672:; see
569:Book 6
567:Fasti
506:neuter
457:Lingam
355:vulvar
141:Carmen
59:, the
1490:Torma
1399:Lamen
1313:Sampy
1264:Ofuda
1259:Nazar
1164:Hamsa
1094:Djucu
1037:Bulla
1031:Besom
1027:Broom
909:S2CID
608:Pliny
508:form
468:Notes
379:from
339:glans
324:Libya
318:from
85:Pliny
57:magic
1323:Suzu
1249:Mojo
1199:Juju
1124:Fulu
968:and
863:2018
741:TRAC
563:Ovid
504:The
345:or "
181:The
135:, a
79:and
55:and
1303:Rin
901:doi
561:on
292:).
65:or
51:In
1507::
907:.
897:46
895:.
769:^
749:^
739:.
703:^
685:^
664:,
626:,
610:,
575:,
557:A
373:A
310:.
278:.
224:.
200:.
165:.
147:.
101:.
1033:)
1029:(
958:e
951:t
944:v
915:.
903::
865:.
565::
36:.
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