326:, wrote with regards to the Egyptian fellah: “...no amount of alien blood has so far succeeded in destroying the fundamental characteristics, both physical and mental, of the ‘dweller of the Nile mud,' i.e. the fellah, or tiller of the ground who is today what he has ever been." He would rephrase stating, "the physical type of the Egyptian fellah is exactly what it was in the earliest dynasties. The invasions of the Babylonians, Hyksos, Ethiopians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, and Turks, have had no permanent effect either on their physical or mental characteristics."
455:
104:
477:
224:
268:
315:
47:
636:
345:
research on the life of Upper
Egyptian farmers and concluded that there were observable continuities between the cultural and religious beliefs and practices of the
454:
833:
476:
333:
in Egypt was much higher than it is now in the early 20th century, before large numbers migrated into urban towns and cities. In 1927, anthropologist
797:"George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34"
295:, who were the ruling class. With the passage of time, the name took on an ethnic character, and the Arab elites to some extent used the term
690:
755:
724:
567:
540:
90:
838:
234:"Fellahin", throughout the Middle East in the Islamic periods, referred to native villagers and farmers. It is translated as "
57:
486:
103:
606:
Catastrophe
Remembered: Palestine, Israel and the Internal Refugees: Essays in Memory of Edward W. Said (1935–2003)
828:
356:
houses, like their ancient ancestors. In 2005, they comprised some 60 percent of the total
Egyptian population.
843:
586:
72:
223:
557:
530:
68:
276:
813:
778:
369:
323:
686:
563:
536:
334:
228:
255:, smallholders, or live in a village that owned the land communally. Others applied the term
734:
729:
208:
190:
176:
116:
772:
651:
Healing the Land and the Nation: Malaria and the
Zionist Project in Palestine, 1920–1947
676:
436:
432:
822:
416:
252:
183:
631:
396:
342:
314:
172:
707:
680:
400:
385:
284:
168:
164:
35:
267:
464:
186:, the fellahin of Egypt have been described by some as the "true Egyptians".
199:
299:
synonymously with "indigenous
Egyptian". Also, when a Christian Egyptian (
424:
353:
17:
664:
Lords of the
Lebanese Marches: Violence and Narrative in an Arab Society
506:
428:
420:
247:
235:
440:
404:
377:
373:
365:
292:
239:
160:
352:
In 2003, the fellahin were still leading humble lives and living in
75:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
796:
620:
State Lands and Rural
Development in mandatory Palestine, 1920–1948
251:(land-owning class), although the fellahin in this region might be
637:
Army of
Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948
500:
468:
266:
102:
31:
27:
Farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa
709:
The Nile: Notes for
Travellers in Egypt and in the Egyptian Sûdân
288:
30:
For the Arabic word for "success" in the context of Islam, see
395:
was also applied to native people from several regions in the
182:
Due to a continuity in beliefs and lifestyle with that of the
40:
559:
Yemen Into the Twenty-First
Century: Continuity and Change
415:
During the 19th century, some Muslim Fellah families from
384:
was used to refer to the majority native peasantry of the
279:, they called the common masses of indigenous peasants
64:
535:. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark. p. 54.
556:
Mahdi, Kamil A.; Würth, Anna; Lackner, Helen (2007).
287:
and connecting to their lands was different from the
283:(peasants or farmers) because their ancient work of
154:
134:
123:
712:. T. Cook & son (Egypt), Limited. p. 143.
207:originated around 1715–1725 and derived from the
529:Pateman, Robert & Salwa El-Hamamsy (2003).
640:, University of California Press, 2008, p. 32
8:
581:
579:
148:
129:
107:Fellahin children harvesting crops in Egypt
653:, University of Chicago Press, 2007, p. 57
562:. Garnet & Ithaca Press. p. 209.
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
706:Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Wallis (1910).
313:
222:
189:A fellah could be seen wearing a simple
518:
450:
587:"Fellahin - Fallahin - Falih - Aflah'"
524:
522:
311:which means "winner" or "victorious".
245:Fellahin were distinguished from the
7:
622:, Sussex Academic Press, 2001, p. 13
307:) converted to Islam, he was called
227:An Egyptian farming family from the
777:. George H. Doran company. p.
761:#312: December 24, 2005. SEMP, Inc.
435:. They fully intermingled with the
291:who were traders and the Byzantine
149:
130:
120:
834:Indigenous peoples of North Africa
723:Faraldi, Caryll (11–17 May 2000).
318:Fellah women in Egypt, 1860s-1920s
179:word for "ploughman" or "tiller".
25:
271:A group of Egyptian fellahs, 1955
685:. UNC Press Books. p. 159.
475:
453:
349:and those of ancient Egyptians.
45:
423:, a region now divided between
679:; Rogers, Guy MacLean (1996).
1:
503:, Egyptian Christian Orthodox
175:. The word derives from the
771:Smith, George Adam (1918).
666:, I. B. Tauris, 2003, p. 13
339:The Fellahin of Upper Egypt
155:
135:
124:
71:the claims made and adding
860:
814:Egypt's forgotten fellahin
403:, also including those of
259:only to landless workers.
159:) is a peasant, usually a
29:
725:"A genius for hobnobbing"
608:. Zed Books. p. 78.
487:traditional agricultural
839:Social history of Egypt
774:Syria and the Holy Land
756:"Who Are the Fellahin?"
649:Sandra Marlene Sufian,
682:Black Athena Revisited
443:, and were Turkified.
319:
277:Arab conquest of Egypt
272:
231:
108:
618:Warwick P. N. Tyler,
604:Masalha, Nur (2005).
317:
270:
226:
106:
34:. For the star, see
593:, maajam dictionary
467:in the fields near
431:, then part of the
737:on 1 December 2017
677:Lefkowitz, Mary R.
662:Michael Gilsenan,
368:, specifically in
329:The percentage of
324:E. A. Wallis Budge
320:
273:
232:
109:
56:possibly contains
795:Grigore, George.
692:978-0-8078-4555-4
335:Winifred Blackman
322:The Egyptologist
229:Cairo Governorate
219:Origins and usage
184:Ancient Egyptians
101:
100:
93:
58:original research
16:(Redirected from
851:
829:Egyptian farmers
801:
800:
792:
786:
785:
768:
762:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
733:. Archived from
720:
714:
713:
703:
697:
696:
673:
667:
660:
654:
647:
641:
629:
623:
616:
610:
609:
601:
595:
594:
583:
574:
573:
553:
547:
546:
526:
479:
457:
158:
152:
151:
138:
133:
132:
127:
122:
96:
89:
85:
82:
76:
73:inline citations
49:
48:
41:
21:
859:
858:
854:
853:
852:
850:
849:
848:
844:Israeli farmers
819:
818:
810:
805:
804:
794:
793:
789:
783:fellahin syria.
770:
769:
765:
754:
750:
740:
738:
730:Al-Ahram Weekly
722:
721:
717:
705:
704:
700:
693:
675:
674:
670:
661:
657:
648:
644:
630:
626:
617:
613:
603:
602:
598:
585:
584:
577:
570:
555:
554:
550:
543:
528:
527:
520:
515:
497:
490:
480:
471:
458:
449:
413:
362:
265:
221:
191:Egyptian cotton
167:laborer in the
97:
86:
80:
77:
62:
50:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
857:
855:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
821:
820:
817:
816:
809:
808:External links
806:
803:
802:
787:
763:
748:
715:
698:
691:
668:
655:
642:
624:
611:
596:
575:
568:
548:
541:
517:
516:
514:
511:
510:
509:
504:
496:
493:
492:
491:
481:
474:
472:
459:
452:
448:
445:
433:Ottoman Empire
412:
409:
361:
358:
264:
261:
253:tenant farmers
220:
217:
209:Egyptian slang
99:
98:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
856:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
815:
812:
811:
807:
798:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
775:
767:
764:
760:
757:
752:
749:
736:
732:
731:
726:
719:
716:
711:
710:
702:
699:
694:
688:
684:
683:
678:
672:
669:
665:
659:
656:
652:
646:
643:
639:
638:
633:
628:
625:
621:
615:
612:
607:
600:
597:
592:
588:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:9780863722905
565:
561:
560:
552:
549:
544:
542:9780761416708
538:
534:
533:
525:
523:
519:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
498:
494:
488:
484:
478:
473:
470:
466:
462:
456:
451:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
417:Ottoman Syria
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
360:In the Levant
359:
357:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
269:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
249:
243:
241:
237:
230:
225:
218:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
146:
142:
137:
126:
118:
114:
105:
95:
92:
84:
74:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
790:
782:
773:
766:
758:
751:
739:. Retrieved
735:the original
728:
718:
708:
701:
681:
671:
663:
658:
650:
645:
635:
632:Hillel Cohen
627:
619:
614:
605:
599:
590:
558:
551:
531:
482:
460:
414:
397:North Africa
392:
390:
381:
363:
351:
346:
343:ethnographic
341:, conducted
338:
337:, author of
330:
328:
321:
308:
304:
300:
296:
280:
274:
256:
246:
244:
233:
212:
204:
203:). The word
198:
194:
193:robe called
188:
181:
173:North Africa
165:agricultural
144:
140:
112:
110:
87:
78:
55:
741:30 November
419:settled in
401:Middle East
386:countryside
380:, the term
285:agriculture
169:Middle East
128:; feminine
36:67 Ophiuchi
823:Categories
591:maajim.com
513:References
411:In Dobruja
275:After the
213:gallabīyah
81:March 2019
65:improve it
391:The term
370:Palestine
354:mud-brick
200:jellabiya
141:fellaheen
139:; plural
131:فَلَّاحَة
69:verifying
18:Fellaheen
495:See also
485:using a
483:Fellahin
461:Fellahin
425:Bulgaria
399:and the
382:fellahin
347:fellahin
331:fellahin
281:fellahin
263:In Egypt
257:fellahin
236:peasants
205:galabieh
195:galabieh
156:fallāḥīn
145:fellahin
507:Peasant
447:Gallery
429:Romania
421:Dobruja
364:In the
248:effendi
240:farmers
136:fallāḥa
121:فَلَّاح
63:Please
689:
566:
539:
441:Tatars
405:Cyprus
393:fallah
378:Hauran
374:Jordan
366:Levant
297:fellah
293:Greeks
238:" or "
177:Arabic
161:farmer
150:فلاحين
125:fallāḥ
117:Arabic
113:fellah
532:Egypt
501:Copts
469:Cairo
463:with
437:Turks
309:falih
211:word
32:Falah
759:Biot
743:2017
687:ISBN
564:ISBN
537:ISBN
489:plow
465:hoes
439:and
427:and
376:and
305:qibt
301:copt
289:Jews
171:and
388:.
303:or
242:".
163:or
143:or
67:by
825::
781:.
779:41
727:.
634:,
589:,
578:^
521:^
407:.
372:,
215:.
153:,
147:,
119::
111:A
799:.
745:.
695:.
572:.
545:.
197:(
115:(
94:)
88:(
83:)
79:(
61:.
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
