40:
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was a major concern for
Amundsen, especially after some negative experiences during the autumn depot-laying trips and the abortive first attempt to reach the Pole. He and his men re-constructed and refined their ski-boots several times before the final polar journey, to obtain maximum insulation against the cold and to provide the necessary flexibility for skiing. Each man brought spare boots in case of breakage or malfunction, with the risk of debilitating frostbite outweighing the issue of weight. None of Amundsen's men experienced frostbitten feet during the polar journey, despite the extreme temperatures.
278:
1376:
60:
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snow and ice if one became lost. And finally, the black provided a rest for the eyes. In addition, the square, pyramid-style tent was equipped with a single central pole that was lashed to one of the sledges in its full length during travel, avoiding the need to assemble tent-poles and making the job of pitching the tent very simple and quick. The tent also featured a sewn-in floor, which was an innovation several years ahead of its time.
1616:
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294:(made according to his own recipe), chocolate, milk powder and biscuits, although this diet was supplemented by seal and penguin meat stored in the supply depots on the Barrier, and by fresh dog-meat from the dogs that they culled during the journey. This fresh, vitamin-rich meat in their diet prevented the onset of
310:
The Polar Party returned to
Framheim on 25 January 1912 and left in the Fram on 30 January after "two days of bustle in getting on board the things we were (to) take with us". They left behind the buried hut "that strong little house that now lay entirely hidden beneath the snow behind Mount Nelson"
301:
To prepare for the trip to the pole, the ski bindings were fitted with hooks so they could be removed during sleeping hours and hung inside the tent. Since the bindings were made of leather, the ravenous sledge dogs would often gnaw at them when the men were asleep. Footwear and the risk of frostbite
257:
During the long
Antarctic winter, Amundsen and the members of his expedition constructed a network of workshops and storage rooms, including a steam-bath room, carved out of the ice surrounding the main hut. In this complex the men busied themselves in preparing for the upcoming journey to the South
285:
Amundsen designed special sledge-cases for food and equipment that remained permanently lashed to the sledges, with access through a lid that could easily be pried off without the need to remove mitts. This saved the time of unloading and re-loading packing boxes when making and breaking camp while
245:
The cabin was an early example of a pre-fabricated structure, and employed a custom dining table which could retract to the ceiling for cleaning beneath. It measured eight by four meters, and the walls were made up of four layers of three one inch wood lumber with cardboard between for insulation.
261:
Amundsen spurned the traditional white tent, and instead dyed his tent material black. He stated that this was to serve three purposes: First, black would absorb what little solar radiation would fall upon the tent. Second, a black tent would provide the best possible contrast against the endless
319:
I to III. There is, however, apparently no definite evidence that the original
Framheim hut was rediscovered, possibly because it was deeply buried. Sometime between 1957 and 1962 calving of the Ross Ice Shelf resulted in the block on which Framheim and the Little America bases were sited being
290:. The sledge-cases were also refined during the winter by planing down the wood to reduce their weight. Further, food selection and packing had been refined for both efficiency and maximum space usage. Amundsen brought only four foods:
39:
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234:. Framheim literally means "home of the Fram". During its construction in Norway, Amundsen maintained that the hut was for "observation", which would fit in nicely with his supposed intent to head to the
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and doubtless many artefacts. The site on the eastern flank of the Bay of Whales was used extensively in the 1930s by a series of
American expeditions led by
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Scambos, Ted; Novak (2005). "On the
Current Location of the Byrd "Snow Cruiser" and Other Artifacts from Little America I, II, III and Framheim".
274:
were refined by shaving down portions of their frames and runners, achieving a 60% weight reduction without compromising their overall strength.
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238:. To the more than casual student of exploration, it was obvious that the hut was intended as living quarters. Amundsen was headed to the
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detached from the barrier ice. The floe then probably drifted west and progressively broke up along the edge of the Ross
Barrier.
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At
Framheim, Amundsen continually upgraded his equipment, since he was largely dissatisfied with standard polar gear. The
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published in two volumes in 1912–1913. The work was translated into
English by A. G. Chater, and published as
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1981:
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2013:
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and erected at
Amundsen's home in Norway, then dismantled for shipment to Antarctica on the
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The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram," 1910–1912
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on the march, and also eliminated the risk of frostbite when unpacking the
6134:
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291:
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1100:
526:
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363:
315:. They established bases somewhat to the north of Framheim -
224:
The hut was constructed in sections by a master carpenter,
216:. It was used between January 1911 and February 1912.
476:
6304:
6286:
6213:
6105:
6087:
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843:
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779:
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723:
560:
176:
161:
145:
125:
21:
1434:Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs
5706:
4909:
1788:
1661:
1112:
538:
431:Roald Amundsen wrote about the expedition in
378:
376:
374:
8:
5722:Historic Sites and Monuments in Antarctica
5713:
5699:
5691:
4916:
4902:
4894:
3582:
3569:
1824:
1811:
1795:
1781:
1773:
1668:
1654:
1646:
1196:
1119:
1105:
1097:
545:
531:
523:
253:Framheim with tent, dogsled and equipment.
18:
5825:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
4853:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
66:
4428:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
483:
356:
160:
124:
89:
52:
36:
281:Interior of the fuel depot at Framheim
175:
144:
7:
6350:1912 disestablishments in Antarctica
1625:
212:during his successful quest for the
4925:Antarctic Specially Protected Areas
4214:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2411:Norse colonization of North America
340:List of Antarctic research stations
3743:United States Exploring Expedition
1738:Comparison with Scott's expedition
14:
6345:1911 establishments in Antarctica
5351:Ablation Point – Ganymede Heights
4817:Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station
4185:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
6340:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4711:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
4104:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1677:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
1624:
1615:
1614:
1374:
510:
498:
486:
131:
79:Location of Framheim Station in
65:
58:
38:
1:
4090:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4025:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
466:(Modern Library Exploration)
449:(Hodder & Stoughton Ltd)
439:. (London: John Murray. 1912)
345:List of Antarctic field camps
44:Framheim in January 1911 (by
4447:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
4263:Shackleton–Rowett Expedition
4069:French Antarctic Expeditions
3999:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
3885:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2003:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
3532:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
3211:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
2076:Andrée's balloon expedition
6366:
6115:Bernardo O'Higgins Station
2733:Franklin's lost expedition
2433:Christian IV's expeditions
6223:Antarctic Treaty Monument
3585:
3581:
3568:
3087:Great Northern Expedition
2763:Rae–Richardson expedition
1963:British Arctic Expedition
1827:
1823:
1810:
1610:
1372:
554:Field camps in Antarctica
196:was the name of explorer
90:
53:
37:
28:
6243:Henryk Arctowski Station
5912:A.B. Dobrowolski Station
4964:Dakshin Gangotri Glacier
4371:British Antarctic Survey
4365:Captain Arturo Prat Base
3610:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
1284:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
5853:Princess Elizabeth Land
5313:North-west White Island
5017:Princess Elizabeth Land
4847:Pole of inaccessibility
4510:Antarctic Treaty System
2851:2nd Grinnell expedition
761:Refuge Astronomer Cruls
650:Francisco de Gurruchaga
464:The Last Place on Earth
367:(Store norske leksikon)
6335:Outposts of Antarctica
5680:Southern Powell Island
282:
254:
147:Location in Antarctica
5645:Christoffersen Island
4969:Svarthamaren Mountain
4517:Transglobe Expedition
4416:Operation Deep Freeze
3825:Challenger expedition
2691:Coppermine expedition
2212:Drifting ice stations
280:
252:
6001:Inexpressible Island
5537:Coppermine Peninsula
5449:Eastern Dallmann Bay
5144:Géologie Archipelago
4933:Queen Elizabeth Land
710:Virgen de las Nieves
600:Capitán Caillet-Bois
6228:Arturo Prat Station
6044:Hut Point Peninsula
5835:Mac. Robertson Land
5807:Proclamation Island
5756:Belgrano II Station
5464:Lagotellerie Island
5298:Hut Point Peninsula
5134:Bon Docteur Nunatak
4984:Mac. Robertson Land
4687:South magnetic pole
3353:Brusilov expedition
2462:Danish colonization
1900:North magnetic pole
1597:Robert Falcon Scott
1254:South magnetic pole
1212:Antarctic Peninsula
1207:Biogeographic realm
645:Florentino Ameghino
399:2005PolGe..29..237S
106: /
6233:Great Wall Station
6180:San Martin Station
5996:Hells Gate Moraine
5779:Humboldt Mountains
5308:New College Valley
4378:Operation Windmill
4359:Operation Highjump
3334:Rusanov expedition
3239:A. E. Nordenskiöld
2983:North East Passage
2787:McClure expedition
1535:Telecommunications
1449:Territorial claims
922:Borchgrevink’s Hut
655:General San Martín
447:Scott and Amundsen
283:
255:
180:February 1912
6322:
6321:
6306:Stonington Island
6195:Stonington Island
6155:Metchnikoff Point
6130:Esperanza Station
5930:Débarquement Rock
5784:Schirmacher Oasis
5688:
5687:
5655:Fredriksen Island
5650:Coronation Island
5469:Litchfield Island
5434:Bransfield Strait
4891:
4890:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4345:Operation Tabarin
4207:Far Eastern Party
4053:Nimrod Expedition
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3123:M. Pronchishcheva
3045:Siberian Cossacks
2514:Northwest Passage
1847:Research stations
1804:Polar exploration
1770:
1769:
1643:
1642:
1602:Ernest Shackleton
1530:Research stations
1475:Antarctic English
1444:National programs
1439:Military activity
1413:COVID-19 pandemic
1370:
1369:
1239:Floristic Kingdom
1144:Antarctic sea ice
1094:
1093:
968:Blaicklock Island
610:Capitán Estivariz
472:978-0-375-75474-6
455:978-0-340-19565-9
407:10.1080/789610142
191:
190:
165:January 1911
6357:
6190:Snow Hill Island
6150:Megalestris Hill
6140:Horseshoe Island
6069:Observation Hill
6034:Shackleton's Hut
5889:Buromskiy Island
5774:Dakshin Gangotri
5715:
5708:
5701:
5692:
5670:Michelsen Island
5617:Stonethrow Ridge
5612:South East Point
5607:San Telmo Island
5597:Potter Peninsula
5557:Fildes Peninsula
5547:Deception Island
5401:Striation Valley
5371:Ganymede Heights
5235:Linnaeus Terrace
5081:Bailey Peninsula
5002:Scullin Monolith
4918:
4911:
4904:
4895:
4392:Ronne Expedition
3877:
3871:
3735:Dumont d'Urville
3583:
3570:
3118:V. Pronchishchev
1825:
1812:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1740:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1592:James Clark Ross
1564:Famous explorers
1378:
1197:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1008:Shackleton's Hut
812:Gutiérrez Vargas
680:Martín Güemes II
547:
540:
533:
524:
515:
514:
513:
503:
502:
501:
491:
490:
489:
482:
460:Huntford, Roland
443:Huntford, Roland
419:
418:
380:
369:
361:
306:Fate of the base
226:Jørgen Stubberud
187:
185:
172:
170:
141:
137:
135:
134:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
111:
107:
104:
103:
102:
99:
73:Framheim Station
69:
68:
62:
42:
23:Framheim Station
19:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6300:
6282:
6238:Half Moon Beach
6215:South Shetlands
6209:
6200:Waterboat Point
6160:Paradise Harbor
6125:Detaille Island
6101:
6089:Edward VII Land
6083:
6054:McMurdo Station
6010:
5962:
5944:
5916:
5898:
5881:Queen Mary Land
5875:
5871:Walkabout Rocks
5847:
5829:
5811:
5793:
5766:Queen Maud Land
5760:
5742:
5724:
5719:
5689:
5684:
5631:
5522:Byers Peninsula
5504:South Shetlands
5498:
5419:Apéndice Island
5405:
5381:Marion Nunataks
5366:Flatiron Valley
5356:Ablation Valley
5327:
5278:Beaufort Island
5268:Arrival Heights
5254:
5240:Mount Melbourne
5225:Cape Washington
5181:
5163:
5115:
5101:Frazier Islands
5091:Clark Peninsula
5086:Charlton Island
5062:
5050:Queen Mary Land
5044:
5011:
4997:Rookery Islands
4992:Murray Monolith
4978:
4974:Yukidori Valley
4956:Queen Maud Land
4950:
4927:
4922:
4892:
4879:
4554:
4546:
4422:McMurdo Station
4291:Modern research
4289:
4277:
4012:O. Nordenskjöld
3875:
3869:
3864:
3780:Ross expedition
3604:
3577:
3556:
2985:
2977:
2518:Northern Canada
2516:
2508:
2361:
2353:
1859:
1851:
1819:
1806:
1801:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1736:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1679:
1674:
1644:
1639:
1606:
1576:Richard E. Byrd
1559:
1520:Protected areas
1458:
1422:
1379:
1366:
1323:
1277:Bodies of Water
1272:
1261:West Antarctica
1217:East Antarctica
1195:
1130:
1125:
1095:
1090:
1022:
954:
936:
908:
890:
857:
839:
821:
798:
775:
742:
733:Edgeworth David
719:
685:Nogal de Saldán
675:Martín Güemes I
630:Cristo Redentor
605:Capitán Cobbett
575:Abrazo de Maipú
556:
551:
521:
511:
509:
499:
497:
487:
485:
477:
428:
426:Further reading
423:
422:
386:Polar Geography
382:
381:
372:
362:
358:
353:
326:
313:Richard E. Byrd
308:
268:
222:
220:Cabin and tents
200:'s base at the
183:
181:
168:
166:
154:
132:
130:
129:
114:
112:
108:
105:
100:
97:
95:
93:
92:
86:
85:
84:
83:
77:
76:
75:
74:
70:
49:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6363:
6361:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6342:
6337:
6327:
6326:
6320:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6292:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6278:Yankee Harbour
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6185:Seymour Island
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6097:Scott Nunataks
6093:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6020:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5972:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5960:
5954:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5908:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5891:
5885:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5866:Vostok Station
5863:
5857:
5855:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5821:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5734:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5695:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5622:Suffield Point
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5582:Narębski Point
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5508:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5454:Emperor Island
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5396:Moutonnée Lake
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5361:Erratic Valley
5358:
5353:
5348:
5346:Ablation Point
5343:
5337:
5335:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5318:Sabrina Island
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5245:Mount Rittmann
5242:
5237:
5232:
5230:Edmonson Point
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:Canada Glacier
5202:
5200:Barwick Valley
5197:
5191:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5159:Rostand Island
5156:
5151:
5149:Lamarck Island
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:Bernard Island
5125:
5123:
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5058:Haswell Island
5054:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5042:
5040:Mule Peninsula
5037:
5032:
5027:
5021:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5007:Taylor Rookery
5004:
4999:
4994:
4988:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4898:
4889:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4839:Vostok Station
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4790:Cherry-Garrard
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4707:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4630:Southern Cross
4626:
4625:
4624:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4560:
4558:
4552:Farthest South
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4462:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4424:
4419:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4374:
4367:
4362:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4313:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4249:Ross Sea party
4245:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4210:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4114:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4079:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4049:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3943:Southern Cross
3936:Southern Cross
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3880:
3878:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3801:
3795:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3682:Bellingshausen
3672:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3541:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2989:
2987:Russian Arctic
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2477:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2429:
2424:
2422:Snæbjörn galti
2419:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2324:
2317:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2215:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:Farthest North
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1706:Helmer Hanssen
1702:
1695:
1692:Roald Amundsen
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1622:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1586:Ui-te-Rangiora
1583:
1581:Douglas Mawson
1578:
1573:
1571:Roald Amundsen
1567:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Gateway cities
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:Antarctica Day
1466:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1342:
1340:Microorganisms
1337:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:List of rivers
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1234:Extreme points
1231:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1154:Climate change
1146:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Peggotty Bluff
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
964:
962:
960:United Kingdom
956:
955:
953:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
910:
909:
907:
906:
900:
898:
892:
891:
889:
888:
883:
878:
876:Cap Prud'homme
873:
867:
865:
859:
858:
856:
855:
849:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
835:Cap Prud'homme
831:
829:
823:
822:
820:
819:
814:
808:
806:
800:
799:
797:
796:
791:
785:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
768:
763:
758:
756:Balduino Rambo
752:
750:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
729:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
615:Capitán Fliess
612:
607:
602:
597:
595:Caleta Péndulo
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
566:
564:
558:
557:
552:
550:
549:
542:
535:
527:
520:
519:
507:
495:
493:Earth sciences
475:
474:
457:
440:
427:
424:
421:
420:
393:(4): 237–252.
370:
355:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
342:
337:
332:
325:
322:
317:Little America
307:
304:
267:
264:
221:
218:
206:Ross Ice Shelf
198:Roald Amundsen
189:
188:
178:
174:
173:
163:
159:
158:
156:Ross Ice Shelf
149:
143:
142:
127:
123:
122:
110:78.5°S 164.0°W
88:
87:
78:
72:
71:
64:
63:
57:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
43:
35:
34:
31:Antarctic base
29:
26:
25:
22:
16:Antarctic base
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6362:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6341:
6338:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6288:South Orkneys
6285:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6258:Pendulum Cove
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6205:Winter Island
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6165:Paulet Island
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6145:Lambda Island
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6039:Discovery Hut
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6007:
6006:Mount Dockery
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5986:Cape Wadworth
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5968:Victoria Land
5965:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5950:George V Land
5947:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:Petrel Island
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5901:
5895:
5894:Mirny Station
5892:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5878:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5861:Tryne Islands
5859:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5850:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5789:Showa Station
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5716:
5711:
5709:
5704:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5637:South Orkneys
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:Pendulum Cove
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5562:Harmony Point
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5552:Discovery Bay
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Collins Point
5530:
5528:
5527:Cape Shirreff
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5517:Ardley Island
5515:
5513:
5512:Admiralty Bay
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5489:Rothera Point
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5391:Mount Monique
5389:
5387:
5386:Mount Martine
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:Himalia Ridge
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:Ablation Lake
5339:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5330:
5324:
5323:Tramway Ridge
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5195:Balham Valley
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5187:Victoria Land
5184:
5178:
5177:Mawson's Huts
5175:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5169:George V Land
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5139:Carrel Island
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:Odbert Island
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5096:Dewart Island
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5076:Ardery Island
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5035:Mount Harding
5033:
5031:
5030:Hawker Island
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4946:Forlidas Pond
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4914:
4912:
4907:
4905:
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4871:
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4712:
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4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3970:Discovery Hut
3968:
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3501:
3500:A. Sibiryakov
3497:
3493:
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3476:
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3473:
3472:Glavsevmorput
3469:
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2774:J. Richardson
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2536:M. Corte-Real
2534:
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2531:G. Corte-Real
2529:
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2524:
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2497:
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2454:C. Richardson
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2276:
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2264:
2263:Georgiy Sedov
2259:
2257:
2256:
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2250:
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2177:
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2165:
2160:
2156:
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2150:Riiser-Larsen
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2124:
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2119:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2105:
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2100:
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2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
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2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1975:
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1956:
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1755:
1751:
1748:
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1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1720:Oscar Wisting
1717:
1714:
1713:Sverre Hassel
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:Olav Bjaaland
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
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1678:
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1518:
1516:
1515:Midwinter Day
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1454:Treaty System
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
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1399:
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1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:McMurdo Sound
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
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1237:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1155:
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1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1081:Union Glacier
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Patriot Hills
1069:
1067:
1066:Odell Glacier
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:Beacon Valley
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1028:United States
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Discovery Hut
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
963:
961:
957:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
911:
905:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
871:Browning Pass
869:
868:
866:
864:
860:
854:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
833:
832:
830:
828:
824:
818:
817:Boonen Rivera
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
801:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
782:
778:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
751:
749:
745:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
726:
722:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
640:El Plumerillo
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
529:
528:
525:
518:
508:
506:
496:
494:
484:
480:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
438:
434:
430:
429:
425:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
379:
377:
375:
371:
368:
366:
360:
357:
350:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
323:
321:
318:
314:
305:
303:
299:
297:
293:
289:
279:
275:
273:
265:
263:
259:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:Bay of Whales
199:
195:
179:
164:
157:
153:
152:Bay of Whales
150:
148:
140:
128:
119:
115:-78.5; -164.0
91:Coordinates:
82:
61:
47:
46:Andreas Bloch
41:
32:
27:
20:
6248:Lame Dog Hut
6175:Port Lockroy
6170:Port Charcot
6064:Mount Erebus
6024:Cape Crozier
5981:Cape Geology
5958:Cape Denison
5799:Enderby Land
5665:Lynch Island
5479:Moss Islands
5474:Midas Island
5459:Green Island
5444:Dion Islands
5439:Cierva Point
5429:Biscoe Point
5424:Avian Island
5283:Cape Crozier
5273:Backdoor Bay
5220:Cape Hallett
5215:Cape Geology
5106:Nelly Island
4941:Davis Valley
4845:
4833:Pole of Cold
4831:
4757:
4748:
4716:
4709:
4685:
4656:
4642:
4636:Borchgrevink
4628:
4615:
4600:
4580:
4565:
4534:
4515:
4508:
4492:
4478:
4469:
4452:
4445:
4426:
4414:
4390:
4376:
4369:
4357:
4343:
4329:
4315:
4308:
4269:
4261:
4247:
4240:
4238:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4192:
4183:
4145:
4137:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4102:
4088:
4076:Pourquoi-Pas
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4046:Orcadas Base
4044:
4036:
4023:
4017:C. A. Larsen
4005:
3997:
3983:
3976:
3963:
3955:
3949:Borchgrevink
3942:
3934:
3891:
3883:
3858:C. A. Larsen
3851:
3832:
3823:
3805:
3787:
3778:
3765:
3750:
3741:
3728:
3689:
3675:
3668:
3649:
3634:
3544:
3537:
3520:
3513:
3499:
3484:
3470:
3457:
3432:
3418:
3416:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3358:
3351:
3332:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3280:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3230:
3228:
3209:
3085:
3043:
3026:
2994:
2958:
2956:
2936:
2935:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2887:
2872:
2858:
2849:
2836:
2807:
2795:Investigator
2794:
2785:
2761:
2748:
2740:
2731:
2718:
2689:
2666:
2651:
2636:
2606:
2591:
2561:
2480:
2460:
2431:
2427:Erik the Red
2409:
2387:
2380:
2337:submersibles
2334:
2328:Arktika 2007
2326:
2319:
2312:
2309:
2293:
2284:
2281:
2262:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2217:
2210:
2186:
2172:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2127:
2125:
2096:
2093:
2082:S. A. Andrée
2074:
2061:
2036:
2028:
2025:
2001:
1983:
1970:
1961:
1943:
1934:
1932:
1898:
1753:
1744:
1684:Participants
1500:Firefighting
1485:Demographics
1408:Colonization
1403:World War II
1061:Marble Point
1056:Lower Erebus
1051:Lake Fryxell
1041:Cape Roberts
993:Oxford Cliff
978:Cape Roberts
926:
904:Cape Roberts
881:Cape Roberts
853:Cape Roberts
738:Cape Roberts
580:Antonio Moro
570:17 de Agosto
463:
446:
436:
432:
390:
384:
364:
359:
309:
300:
284:
269:
260:
256:
244:
229:
223:
193:
192:
6273:Whalers Bay
6268:Potter Cove
6253:Maxwell Bay
6120:Damoy Point
6107:Graham Land
6079:Scott's Hut
6059:Mount Betty
5991:Foyn Island
5940:Port Martin
5922:Adélie Land
5904:Wilkes Land
5660:Grey Island
5627:Telefon Bay
5602:Ronald Hill
5592:Port Foster
5567:Kroner Lake
5542:Crater Lake
5484:Mount Flora
5411:Graham Land
5333:Palmer Land
5250:Seabee Hook
5154:Port Martin
5121:Adélie Land
5068:Wilkes Land
4536:Lake Vostok
4486:Tryoshnikov
4408:Schlossbach
4299:Christensen
4241:James Caird
4162:E. R. Evans
3928:Dobrowolski
3898:de Gerlache
3600:Expeditions
3486:Aviaarktika
3440:Samoylovich
3311:Kolomeitsev
3205:Middendorff
3165:Gedenshtrom
2585:I. Fyodorov
2347:Chilingarov
2235:E. Fyodorov
1842:Expeditions
1588:(legendary)
1495:Field camps
1393:Expeditions
1319:Weddell Sea
1299:Lake Vostok
1294:Lake Mercer
1166:Ice shelves
1086:WAIS Divide
1003:Scott's Hut
983:Damoy Point
973:Cape Reclus
896:Netherlands
794:Sally Rocks
700:San Nicolás
330:Scott's Hut
162:Established
113: /
6329:Categories
6296:Scotia Bay
6263:Point Wild
6074:Scott Base
6029:Cape Evans
5976:Cape Adare
5843:Cape Bruce
5748:Coats Land
5738:South Pole
5730:South Pole
5675:Moe Island
5577:Mount Pond
5572:Lions Rump
5293:Cape Royds
5288:Cape Evans
5210:Cape Adare
5025:Amanda Bay
4759:Terra Nova
4664:Shackleton
4607:J. C. Ross
4566:Resolution
4556:South Pole
4331:New Swabia
4255:Mackintosh
4227:Shackleton
4146:Terra Nova
4139:Terra Nova
3873:Heroic Age
3833:Challenger
3793:J. C. Ross
3703:Bransfield
3635:Resolution
3550:icebreaker
3514:Chelyuskin
3255:expedition
3233:Expedition
3175:Matyushkin
3133:Kh. Laptev
3128:Chelyuskin
3022:Heemskerck
3012:Chancellor
3007:Willoughby
3002:Koch boats
2945:Stefansson
2879:McClintock
2843:Inglefield
2685:J. C. Ross
2592:Resolution
2444:Cunningham
2342:Sagalevich
2031:expedition
1990:Stephenson
1950:C. F. Hall
1937:expedition
1911:J. C. Ross
1874:Heemskerck
1861:North Pole
1398:Heroic Age
1249:South Pole
1159:Heat waves
1128:Antarctica
1076:Siple Dome
670:Livingston
660:Granaderos
635:Dorian Bay
625:Corrientes
351:References
240:South Pole
236:North Pole
214:South Pole
210:Antarctica
81:Antarctica
6314:East Base
6049:Lewis Bay
5817:Kemp Land
5494:South Bay
5303:Lewis Bay
4858:Tolstikov
4644:Discovery
4614:HMS
4599:HMS
4581:Adventure
4579:HMS
4564:HMS
4500:Tolstikov
4221:Endurance
4006:Antarctic
3991:Drygalski
3964:Discovery
3957:Discovery
3918:Arctowski
3831:HMS
3804:HMS
3798:Abernethy
3786:HMS
3764:USS
3751:Vincennes
3749:USS
3729:Astrolabe
3669:San Telmo
3650:Adventure
3648:HMS
3633:HMS
3628:Kerguelen
3590:Continent
3575:Antarctic
3452:Urvantsev
3410:Vilkitsky
3263:Jeannette
3261:USS
3253:Jeannette
3217:Weyprecht
3195:Pakhtusov
3145:Chichagov
3138:D. Laptev
3081:Permyakov
3056:Stadukhin
3051:Perfilyev
3028:Mangazeya
2966:H. Larsen
2931:Rasmussen
2886:HMS
2857:USS
2806:HMS
2793:HMS
2757:Collinson
2747:HMS
2739:HMS
2717:HMS
2665:HMS
2650:HMS
2635:HMS
2620:Mackenzie
2607:Discovery
2605:HMS
2590:HMS
2562:Discovery
2541:Frobisher
2504:Rasmussen
2417:Gunnbjörn
2363:Greenland
2292:USS
2283:USS
2155:Ellsworth
2097:Roosevelt
2027:Nansen's
1984:Discovery
1982:HMS
1969:HMS
1916:Abernethy
1884:Marmaduke
1550:Transport
1289:Lake CECs
1266:ice sheet
1222:ice sheet
1191:Volcanoes
1181:Mountains
1136:Geography
1018:South Ice
725:Australia
705:San Roque
620:Chacabuco
562:Argentina
505:Geography
415:128811407
266:Equipment
6135:Hope Bay
6016:Ross Sea
5260:Ross Sea
4870:A. Fuchs
4827:V. Fuchs
4807:McKinley
4770:E. Evans
4729:Bjaaland
4724:Amundsen
4674:Marshall
4587:Furneaux
4439:V. Fuchs
4403:E. Ronne
4398:F. Ronne
4337:Ritscher
4191:SY
4179:Filchner
4123:Framheim
4117:Amundsen
3923:Racoviță
3908:Amundsen
3903:Lecointe
3772:Ringgold
3766:Porpoise
3656:Furneaux
3492:Shevelev
3447:Begichev
3426:Amundsen
3388:Nagórski
3366:Brusilov
3360:Sv. Anna
3274:Melville
3244:Palander
3200:Tsivolko
3160:Sannikov
3155:Billings
3098:Chirikov
3017:Barentsz
2959:St. Roch
2950:Bartlett
2924:Amundsen
2908:Sverdrup
2808:Resolute
2697:Franklin
2625:Kotzebue
2492:Sverdrup
2475:Scoresby
2449:Lindenov
2300:Plaisted
2285:Nautilus
2230:Shirshov
2204:Belyakov
2199:Baydukov
2173:Nautilus
2135:Amundsen
2095:SS
2054:Sverdrup
2049:Johansen
2019:Brainard
2014:Lockwood
1869:Barentsz
1754:Framheim
1620:Category
1525:Religion
1427:Politics
1345:Wildlife
1314:Ross Sea
1176:Glaciers
927:Framheim
789:Academia
781:Bulgaria
665:Groussac
433:Sydpolen
365:Framheim
324:See also
292:pemmican
194:Framheim
101:164°00′W
4875:Messner
4822:Hillary
4802:Balchen
4750:Polheim
4744:Wisting
4622:Crozier
4594:Weddell
4572:J. Cook
4542:Kapitsa
4523:Fiennes
4465:Klenova
4434:Hillary
4384:Ketchum
4310:BANZARE
4285:·
4130:Polheim
4096:Shirase
4082:Charcot
3892:Belgica
3811:Crozier
3723:Morrell
3718:Weddell
3696:Lazarev
3641:J. Cook
3595:History
3545:Arktika
3521:Krassin
3506:Voronin
3478:Schmidt
3464:Ushakov
3403:Vaygach
3371:Albanov
3340:Rusanov
3321:Kolchak
3316:Matisen
3290:Makarov
3269:De Long
3170:Wrangel
3150:Lyakhov
3103:Malygin
3061:Dezhnev
2888:Pandora
2859:Advance
2826:Kennedy
2821:Belcher
2814:Kellett
2801:McClure
2725:Beechey
2719:Blossom
2712:Simpson
2680:Crozier
2673:Hoppner
2630:J. Ross
2598:J. Cook
2546:Gilbert
2439:J. Hall
2405:Ingólfr
2395:Naddodd
2389:Vikings
2376:Brendan
2371:Pytheas
2359:Iceland
2313:Arktika
2305:Herbert
2270:Badygin
2240:Krenkel
2225:Papanin
2194:Chkalov
2180:Wilkins
2145:Wisting
2089:F. Cook
1995:Markham
1955:Bessels
1944:Polaris
1935:Polaris
1906:J. Ross
1889:Carolus
1837:History
1761:Polheim
1630:Commons
1545:Tourism
1490:Economy
1463:Society
1385:History
1355:Mammals
1244:Islands
1200:Regions
1171:Geology
1149:Climate
1013:Sky Blu
932:Polheim
845:Germany
771:Wiltgen
479:Portals
462:(1999)
445:(1979)
395:Bibcode
335:Polheim
288:sledges
272:sledges
204:on the
184:1912-02
182: (
169:1911-01
167: (
126:Country
98:78°30′S
4785:Bowers
4780:Wilson
4739:Hassel
4734:Helmer
4703:Mackay
4693:Mawson
4658:Nimrod
4616:Terror
4601:Erebus
4528:Burton
4323:Rymill
4199:Mawson
4193:Aurora
4172:Lashly
4157:Wilson
4060:Nimrod
4037:Scotia
3844:Murray
3819:Cooper
3806:Terror
3788:Erebus
3757:Wilkes
3708:Palmer
3676:Vostok
3623:Bouvet
3547:-class
3527:Gakkel
3395:Taymyr
3376:Konrad
3345:Kuchin
3283:Yermak
3190:Lavrov
3108:Ovtsyn
3093:Bering
3071:Ivanov
3034:Hudson
2996:Pomors
2973:Cowper
2938:Karluk
2837:Isabel
2831:Bellot
2781:Austin
2749:Terror
2741:Erebus
2637:Griper
2613:Clerke
2573:Baffin
2556:Hudson
2487:Nansen
2400:Garðar
2321:Barneo
2188:ANT-25
2164:Italia
2140:Nobile
2109:Henson
2068:Amedeo
2044:Nansen
2009:Greely
1879:Hudson
1817:Arctic
1730:Topics
1227:shield
1186:Tundra
1046:Dome C
914:Norway
827:France
766:Goeldi
748:Brazil
715:Yapeyú
590:Cabral
585:Ballvé
517:Norway
470:
453:
413:
296:scurvy
258:Pole.
177:Closed
139:Norway
136:
4865:Crary
4812:Dufek
4775:Oates
4765:Scott
4698:David
4679:Adams
4650:Barne
4471:Mirny
4460:Somov
4270:Quest
4167:Crean
4152:Scott
4031:Bruce
3985:Gauss
3978:Gauss
3852:Jason
3839:Nares
3713:Davis
3690:Mirny
3663:Smith
3618:Roché
3538:Lenin
3458:Sadko
3383:Wiese
3328:Sedov
3299:Zarya
3222:Payer
3185:Litke
3180:Anjou
3113:Minin
3076:Vagin
3066:Popov
3039:Poole
2894:Young
2707:Dease
2652:Hecla
2643:Parry
2568:Bylot
2551:Davis
2526:Cabot
2499:Peary
2481:Jason
2468:Egede
2382:Papar
2294:Skate
2275:Wiese
2255:NP-37
2248:NP-36
2128:Norge
2116:Sedov
2104:Peary
2062:Jason
1977:Nares
1971:Alert
1926:Hayes
1894:Parry
1832:Ocean
1635:Index
1555:Women
1505:Flags
1480:Crime
1418:Years
1360:Krill
1350:Birds
1335:Flora
950:Byers
942:Spain
886:Icaro
863:Italy
804:Chile
695:Ortiz
411:S2CID
4797:Byrd
4718:Fram
4669:Wild
4351:Marr
4317:BGLE
4304:Byrd
4232:Wild
4111:Fram
3913:Cook
3434:AARI
3419:Maud
3306:Toll
3231:Vega
2917:Gjøa
2902:Fram
2865:Kane
2702:Back
2667:Fury
2658:Lyon
2580:Munk
2219:NP-1
2121:Byrd
2038:Fram
2029:Fram
1921:Kane
1746:Fram
1540:Time
1328:Life
468:ISBN
451:ISBN
231:Fram
4494:3rd
4480:2nd
4454:1st
4287:IGY
4283:IPY
2873:Fox
2769:Rae
2335:Mir
2311:NS
690:Ona
403:doi
208:in
6331::
3399:/
409:.
401:.
391:29
389:.
373:^
298:.
242:.
5714:e
5707:t
5700:v
4917:e
4910:t
4903:v
3876:"
3870:"
3813:)
3809:(
3800:)
3791:(
1796:e
1789:t
1782:v
1669:e
1662:t
1655:v
1120:e
1113:t
1106:v
546:e
539:t
532:v
481::
417:.
405::
397::
186:)
171:)
48:)
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