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behind the protuberance. If the fetus has testes and the testes produce testosterone, and if the cells of the genitals respond to the testosterone, the outer urogenital folds swell and fuse in the midline to produce the scrotum; the protuberance grows larger and straighter to form the penis; the
941:
are flat worms widely used in biological research. There are sexual and asexual planaria. Sexual planaria are hermaphrodites, possessing both testicles and ovaries. Each planarian transports its excretion to the other planarian, giving and receiving sperm.
1050:
can take place. Within each pollen grain is a male gametophyte, which consists of only three cells. In most flowering plants, the female gametophyte within the ovule consists of only seven cells. Thus there are no sex organs as such.
860:) have this orifice, from which they excrete both urine and feces in addition to serving reproductive functions. Excretory systems with analogous purpose in certain invertebrates are also sometimes referred to as cloacae.
784:
The development of the internal and external reproductive organs is determined by hormones produced by certain fetal gonads (ovaries or testicles) and the cells' response to them. The initial appearance of the
1204:
445:, while males have only one for the urethra. Male and female genitals have many nerve endings, resulting in pleasurable and highly sensitive touch. In most human societies, particularly in
1686:
820:
affecting the structure and function of genitalia, they form an organ system that evolves rapidly. A great variety of genital form and function may therefore be found among animals.
741:
336:
during sperm transfer"; female genitalia are defined as "those parts of the female reproductive tract that make direct contact with male genitalia or male products (sperm,
1727:
2396:
1076:
Similar gametangia that are similar are known as isogametangia. While male and female gametangia are known as heterogametangia, which occurs in the majority of fungi.
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910:
mating and the deposition of eggs are known collectively as the external genitalia, although they may be largely internal; their components are very diverse in form.
1418:
1766:
1315:
1237:
303:. They also produce most of the primary hormones that affect sexual development, and regulate other sexual organs and sexually differentiated behaviors.
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1073:. In some fungi, the sex organs are indistinguishable from each other but, in other cases, male and female sex organs are clearly different.
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of offspring. Sex organs are found in many species of animals and plants, with their features varying depending on the species.
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1909:
999:, which in turn develop into gametophytes. Any sex organs that are produced by the plant will develop on the gametophyte. The
2259:
1724:
703:
332:, male genitalia are more strictly defined as "all male structures that are inserted in the female or that hold her near her
1832:
781:, determines the direction of the differentiation. The absence of it allows the gonads to continue to develop into ovaries.
1725:
Nature's Nether
Regions: What the Sex Lives of Bugs, Birds, and Beasts Tell Us About Evolution, Biodiversity, and Ourselves
2316:
955:
402:
1745:"Male reproductive behaviour of Naja oxiana (Eichwald, 1831) in captivity, with a case of unilateral hemipenile prolapse"
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836:) serves as the only opening for the reproductive, digestive, and urinary tracts (if present) in both sexes. All
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involves the union of the male and female germ cells, sperm and egg cells respectively. Pollen is produced in
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2321:
1391:
switze, International
Conference on Comparative Physiology 1992 Crans; Bassau, Short & (4 August 1994).
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likewise produce their sexually reproductive structures within the gametophytes contained within the
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The reproductive system of gastropods (slugs and snails) varies greatly from one group to another.
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1759:"Page:The Works of William Harvey (part 1 of 2).djvu/283 - Wikisource, the free online library"
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2006:
1946:
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Male and Female
Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice
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194:, but the sex organs themselves are inside the gametophytes within the pollen and the ovule.
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inner urogenital swellings grow, wrap around the penis, and fuse in the midline to form the
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Fanaroff and Martin's
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant
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438:
419:
187:
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Langerhans, R. Brian; Anderson, Christopher M.; Heinen-Kay, Justa L. (6 September 2016).
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813:, such as patterns of pubic and facial hair and female breasts that emerge at puberty.
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Eberhard, W.G., 1985. Sexual
Selection and Animal Genitalia. Harvard University Press
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78:
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Manoharachary, C.; Tilak, K. V. B. R.; Mallaiah, K. V.; Kunwar, I. K. (1 May 2016).
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2363:
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Hodges, Frederick
Mansfield S.; Denniston, George C.; Milos, Marilyn Fayre (2007).
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774:
598:
593:
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41:
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Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
1788:
Purves, William K.; Sadava, David E.; Orians, Gordon H.; Heller, H. Craig (2001).
295:
following female development. As primary sex organs, gonads generate reproductive
1940:
1816:
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represents a primary factor for genital evolution. Male genitalia show traits of
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358:. However, gonads most likely evolved independently several times. At first,
328:, given the great variety in organs, physiologies, and behaviors involved in
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In most plant species, an individual has both male and female sex organs (a
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Penile and clitoral structures are present in some birds and many reptiles.
845:
837:
755:
1467:
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309:
are the rest of the reproductive system, whether internal or external. The
143:, visible at birth in both sexes, while the inner parts are referred to as
1308:
872:
fish is determined by the shape of a fleshy tube behind the anus known as
73:
of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting
2757:
2677:
2512:
2445:
2374:
2220:
2121:
1450:
1433:
1241:. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 2–5.
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17:
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Comparative evidence for the evolution of genitalia by sexual selection
1563:
Daphne's Dance: True Tales in the
Evolution of Woman's Sexual Awareness
1004:
996:
992:
984:
869:
841:
794:
706: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
503:
423:
325:
195:
159:
151:
120:
74:
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127:. The testicle in the male and the ovary in the female are called the
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2016:
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Heritage, J.; Evans, E. G. V.; Killington, R. A. (26 January 1996).
202:
and pollen. The cones and pollen are not themselves sexual organs.
32:
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2687:
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2522:
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1648:
Martin, Richard J.; Fanaroff, Avory A.; Walsh, Michele C. (2014).
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The process of sexual differentiation includes the development of
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2011:
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In animals (including humans), the male sex organs include the
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2485:
1990:
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216:
1911:
Mycology and
Microbiology (A Textbook for UG and PG Courses)
240:
1319:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
321:, is used to describe the externally visible sex organs.
244:
1959:
1942:
The
Evolution of Primary Sexual Characters in Animals
1693:
Trends in
Ecology & Evolution 19.2 (2004): 87-93.
1153:
Anatomy and Physiology: Understanding the Human Body
287:, a pair of internal sex organs, which diverge into
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2668:
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2564:
2536:
2426:
2412:
2307:
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1997:
1255:. Biology.clc.uc.edu. 16 March 2001. Archived from
742:
List of homologues of the human reproductive system
205:Together, the sex organs constitute an organism's
1939:Leonard, Janet L.; Córdoba-Aguilar, Alex (2010).
793:with a small protuberance in the middle, and the
1180:ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
150:In plants, male reproductive structures include
1281:. Emc.maricopa.edu. 18 May 2010. Archived from
449:ones, exposure of the genitals is considered a
178:for reproductive organs, which are part of the
65:, is a part of an organism that is involved in
27:Biological part involved in sexual reproduction
1434:"Causes and Consequences of Genital Evolution"
2390:
1975:
1156:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 25.
88:Sex organs are typically differentiated into
8:
1593:. Oxford University Press, US. p. 219.
1539:. University of Chicago Press. p. 583.
131:. All other sex-related organs are known as
1417:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
340:) during or immediately after copulation".
2665:
2397:
2383:
2375:
1982:
1968:
1960:
1887:. Cambridge University Press. p. 19.
1654:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1522.
1397:. Cambridge University Press. p. 54.
1364:Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas (30 August 2007).
158:. Female reproductive structures, such as
147:, which in both sexes, are always hidden.
1498:
1449:
722:Learn how and when to remove this message
659:Human female external sex organs (shaved
456:In humans, sex organs/genitalia include:
437:, females have two genital orifices, the
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
1483:"Sexual selection and genital evolution"
1370:. Oxford University Press. p. 252.
1046:, which has the ovule at its base where
802:. Each organ/body part in one sex has a
458:
239:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1145:
1143:
1139:
789:genitalia looks female-like: a pair of
550:Human male external sex organs (shaved
354:It is hard to find a common origin for
1914:. Scientific Publishers. p. 328.
1683:Sexual selection and genital evolution
1681:Hosken, David J., and Paula Stockley."
1536:Hyman's Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
1410:
736:Development of the reproductive system
251:to additional sources at this section.
166:and receive pollen for fertilization.
1590:Unpopular Privacy: What Must We Hide?
750:, sex organs originate from a common
381:that are driven by sexual selection.
7:
995:. The sporophyte produces spores by
704:adding citations to reliable sources
111:; the female sex organs include the
69:. Sex organs constitute the primary
2078:Heterogametic sex / Homogametic sex
1945:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1560:Brigitta Olsen (15 November 2009).
1438:Integrative and Comparative Biology
1183:. Blue Rose Publishers. p. 14.
1097:Genital modification and mutilation
418:genitals for males consists of the
291:following male development or into
154:in flowering plants, which produce
135:. The outer parts are known as the
81:and supporting the development and
1835:from the original on 10 April 2023
1769:from the original on 25 March 2023
1207:from the original on 19 March 2023
1200:American Museum of Natural History
832:, a single posterior orifice (the
426:; for females, it consists of the
232:relies largely or entirely upon a
25:
1394:The Differences Between the Sexes
934:Reproductive system of planarians
920:Reproductive system of gastropods
2359:
2358:
2152:Evolution of sexual reproduction
1815:Pal, Nishant (6 December 2021).
844:, some fish, and a few mammals (
811:secondary sexual characteristics
680:
350:Evolution of sexual reproduction
221:
991:produces sperm or egg cells by
691:needs additional citations for
174:, and some similar plants have
2260:Sexual reproduction in animals
1367:The Evolution of Organ Systems
1279:"Flowering Plant Reproduction"
1:
1587:Anita Allen (November 2011).
1566:. Brigitta Olsen. p. 9.
956:Plant reproductive morphology
403:Mammalian reproductive system
373:A consensus has emerged that
162:in flowering plants, produce
2132:Sex as a biological variable
2115:Simultaneous hermaphroditism
1857:Life: The Science of Biology
1791:Life: The Science of Biology
1714:Nature 393.6687 (1998): 784.
1821:. Independently Published.
1620:. Springer US. p. 10.
1310:"Reproductive System"
2851:
2270:Penile-vaginal intercourse
2110:Sequential hermaphroditism
1860:. Macmillan. p. 665.
1794:. Macmillan. p. 176.
1481:Simmons, Leigh W. (2014).
1117:Obstetrics and gynaecology
1058:
977:alternation of generations
952:Alternation of generations
949:
931:
917:
906:The organs concerned with
891:Insect reproductive system
888:
739:
733:
400:
347:
317:, sometimes anglicized as
77:, as well as facilitating
2354:
2100:Testis-determining factor
1884:Introductory Microbiology
1177:Deol, Pooja Soni (2023).
1150:Clark, Robert K. (2005).
1023:In flowering plants, the
779:testis determining factor
773:, usually located on the
407:Human reproductive system
2041:Sex-determination system
1027:contain the sex organs.
901:genitalia of Lepidoptera
1723:Schilthuizen, M. 2014.
1710:27 January 2012 at the
1689:12 October 2017 at the
1335:Encyclopædia Britannica
1316:Encyclopædia Britannica
1238:Encyclopædia Britannica
1030:Sexual reproduction in
411:The visible portion of
299:containing inheritable
2406:Human regional anatomy
2024:Sexual differentiation
1038:and is carried to the
903:
816:Because of the strong
664:
555:
54:
36:The sex organs of the
2066:Temperature-dependent
898:
658:
549:
401:Further information:
35:
1730:14 June 2023 at the
762:into male or female
748:prenatal development
700:improve this article
521:Bulbourethral glands
307:Secondary sex organs
245:improve this article
133:secondary sex organs
2282:Hormonal motivation
2255:Fungal reproduction
2174:Reproductive system
1232:"Pollination"
1195:"Parts of a Flower"
379:divergent evolution
207:reproductive system
190:produce pollen and
71:sex characteristics
67:sexual reproduction
2287:Human reproduction
2265:Sexual intercourse
2250:Plant reproduction
1702:Arnqvist, Göran. "
1487:Austral Entomology
1451:10.1093/icb/icw101
1253:"Mosses and Ferns"
1065:The sex organs in
904:
665:
645:Bartholin's glands
556:
281:primary sex organs
145:internal genitalia
141:external genitalia
129:primary sex organs
63:reproductive organ
61:, also known as a
55:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2372:
2371:
2292:Lordosis behavior
2007:Sexual dimorphism
1921:978-93-86102-13-3
1894:978-0-521-44977-9
1867:978-0-7167-3873-2
1828:979-8-7799-0473-5
1801:978-0-7167-3873-2
1763:en.wikisource.org
1661:978-0-32329-537-6
1627:978-0-58539-937-9
1600:978-0-19-514137-5
1573:978-0-9842117-0-8
1546:978-0-226-87013-7
1500:10.1111/aen.12053
1404:978-0-521-44878-9
1377:978-0-19-856668-7
1285:on 8 October 2012
987:gametophyte. The
777:and encoding the
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443:urethral openings
435:placental mammals
368:natural selection
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196:Coniferous plants
49:(red) and female
16:(Redirected from
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914:Slugs and snails
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1061:Mating in fungi
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950:Main articles:
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874:genital papilla
858:marsupial moles
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618:Fallopian tubes
531:Vasa deferentia
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366:evolved due to
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247:by introducing
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2097:
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2083:Sex chromosome
2080:
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2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
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1995:
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1522:
1473:
1444:(4): 741–751.
1424:
1403:
1383:
1376:
1356:
1347:
1322:
1307:, ed. (1911).
1305:Chisholm, Hugh
1296:
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1229:, ed. (1911).
1227:Chisholm, Hugh
1218:
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1059:Main article:
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932:Main article:
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918:Main article:
915:
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889:Main article:
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828:In many other
825:
822:
734:Main article:
730:
729:
688:
686:
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673:
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667:
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650:Skene's glands
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348:Main article:
345:
342:
338:spermatophores
275:
274:
243:. Please help
229:
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26:
24:
14:
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9:
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2297:Pelvic thrust
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2228:Fertilization
2226:
2222:
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2217:
2214:
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2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
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2194:Gametogenesis
2192:
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2127:parasexuality
2125:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2105:Hermaphrodite
2103:
2101:
2098:
2094:
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2089:
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2085:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
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2071:Haplodiploidy
2069:
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
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2002:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
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1818:Plant Biology
1811:
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1792:
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1734:. Penguin USA
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1187:
1182:
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1173:
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1165:
1163:9780763748166
1159:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:Intimate part
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:are known as
1068:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:fertilization
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
962:hermaphrodite
957:
953:
945:
943:
940:
935:
927:
925:
921:
913:
911:
909:
902:
897:
892:
884:
880:Invertebrates
879:
877:
875:
871:
868:
864:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
824:Other animals
823:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:counterpart.
805:
801:
796:
792:
788:
782:
780:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
760:differentiate
757:
754:during early
753:
749:
743:
737:
726:
723:
715:
705:
701:
695:
694:
689:This section
687:
683:
678:
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662:
657:
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646:
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308:
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302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
271:
268:
260:
250:
246:
242:
236:
235:
234:single source
230:This section
228:
219:
218:
212:
210:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
79:fertilization
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
45:are the male
44:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2628:
2546:Adam's apple
2216:spermatozoon
2178:
2144:reproduction
2093:Y chromosome
2088:X chromosome
2034:Virilization
2029:Feminization
1941:
1910:
1903:
1883:
1876:
1856:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1817:
1810:
1790:
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
1739:
1719:
1698:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1650:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1616:
1609:
1589:
1582:
1562:
1555:
1535:
1525:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1393:
1386:
1366:
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1314:
1299:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:the original
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1257:the original
1247:
1236:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1179:
1172:
1152:
1122:Oophorectomy
1107:Hysterectomy
1092:Emasculation
1075:
1064:
1029:
1022:
966:
959:
937:
923:
905:
865:
862:
854:golden moles
827:
815:
808:
800:penile raphe
783:
775:Y chromosome
745:
718:
709:
698:Please help
693:verification
690:
611:
610:
599:Labia minora
594:Labia majora
560:
559:
526:Epididymides
509:
508:
475:
474:
455:
447:conservative
432:
410:
398:
372:
353:
323:
318:
314:
306:
305:
280:
278:
263:
254:
231:
204:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
105:epididymides
98:
87:
62:
58:
56:
40:
29:
1667:24 November
1633:24 November
1493:(1): 1–17.
1127:Orchiectomy
1001:seed plants
989:gametophyte
973:land plants
899:The female
830:vertebrates
746:In typical
712:August 2021
672:Development
390:Vertebrates
324:In general
257:August 2021
213:Terminology
180:gametophyte
38:green algae
2835:Sex organs
2713:Fingernail
2277:Copulation
1998:Biological
1134:References
1071:gametangia
1015:(female).
981:sporophyte
979:between a
969:life cycle
846:monotremes
838:amphibians
804:homologous
752:primordium
740:See also:
661:pubic hair
552:pubic hair
330:copulation
176:gametangia
51:archegonia
47:antheridia
2629:Genitalia
2332:Mechanics
2309:Sexuality
2204:Oogenesis
2179:Sex organ
2169:Germ cell
2157:Anisogamy
1509:2052-1758
1460:1540-7063
1413:cite book
1340:21 August
1087:Andrology
975:involves
840:, birds,
756:gestation
604:Vestibule
536:Testicles
416:mammalian
413:eutherian
344:Evolution
315:genitalia
289:testicles
249:citations
241:talk page
192:egg cells
101:testicles
59:sex organ
18:Genitalia
2829:Category
2758:Buttocks
2678:Shoulder
2513:Mandible
2446:Forehead
2364:Category
2342:Activity
2238:Internal
2233:External
2122:Intersex
1839:25 March
1833:Archived
1773:25 March
1767:Archived
1728:Archived
1708:Archived
1687:Archived
1533:(1992).
1517:53690631
1468:27600556
1289:1 August
1263:1 August
1211:19 March
1205:Archived
1080:See also
1005:conifers
939:Planaria
928:Planaria
842:reptiles
612:Internal
572:Clitoris
561:External
516:Prostate
510:Internal
487:Foreskin
476:External
334:gonopore
319:genitals
283:are the
137:genitals
121:oviducts
113:clitoris
96:types.
2803:Toenail
2693:Forearm
2639:Scrotum
2585:Midriff
2575:Abdomen
2568:(Trunk)
2518:Occiput
2461:Eyebrow
2189:Meiosis
2162:Isogamy
1747:. 2018.
1331:"Gonad"
1036:stamens
1025:flowers
1019:Flowers
997:meiosis
993:mitosis
985:haploid
885:Insects
870:teleost
850:tenrecs
795:urethra
623:Ovaries
504:Scrotum
439:vaginal
424:scrotum
395:Mammals
385:Animals
364:ovaries
326:zoology
297:gametes
293:ovaries
184:flowers
160:pistils
152:stamens
117:ovaries
75:gametes
53:(brown)
2738:Little
2728:Middle
2708:Finger
2683:Axilla
2624:Pelvis
2617:Nipple
2612:Breast
2607:Thorax
2551:Throat
2528:Temple
2491:Tongue
2471:Eyelid
2211:Gamete
2184:Mating
2142:Sexual
2017:Female
1949:
1918:
1891:
1864:
1825:
1798:
1658:
1624:
1597:
1570:
1543:
1515:
1507:
1466:
1458:
1401:
1374:
1160:
1044:carpel
1040:pistil
983:and a
946:Plants
908:insect
867:Sexing
856:, and
834:cloaca
766:. The
640:Vagina
633:Cervix
628:Uterus
468:Female
360:testes
356:gonads
285:gonads
182:. The
168:Mosses
164:ovules
156:pollen
125:vagina
123:, and
107:, and
94:female
2788:Ankle
2768:Thigh
2723:Index
2718:Thumb
2698:Wrist
2688:Elbow
2661:Limbs
2644:Vulva
2634:Penis
2590:Navel
2580:Waist
2566:Torso
2523:Scalp
2496:Tooth
2481:Mouth
2451:Cheek
2000:terms
1513:S2CID
1067:fungi
1055:Fungi
1013:ovule
787:fetal
764:sexes
577:Glans
567:Vulva
497:Glans
492:Shaft
482:Penis
428:vulva
420:penis
313:term
311:Latin
200:cones
172:ferns
109:penis
83:birth
42:Chara
2808:Sole
2793:Heel
2783:Foot
2778:Calf
2773:Knee
2733:Ring
2703:Hand
2651:Anus
2602:Back
2556:Nape
2538:Neck
2476:Nose
2456:Chin
2441:Face
2436:Hair
2428:Head
2420:Skin
2414:Body
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