804:- stick on which cards sewn together were rolled up) which defines the register on which the parchments of the deeds of donation to monasteries or other ecclesiastical bodies were transcribed. In them the sums of money, the servants, the maids, the cultivated lands, the vineyards, the wooded areas (the salts), the pastures and the livestock donated by the local nobility were reported in great detail. From the Condaghes it was possible to reconstruct a large part of the judicial dynamics known to us as well as being the most ancient evidence of the ancient Sardinian vernacular.
913:
808:
959:
337:
54:
683:
969:
748:
3254:
3302:
38:
598:
3363:
329:
3243:
479:
776:
have been preserved. The Carta de Logu of the
Giudicato of Arborea marks, towards the end of the fourteenth century, the birth of a rule of law by Mariano IV first and then by his daughter Eleonora, who extended the scope of the rules to adapt them to a changed reality in social conditions. The Chart
1112:
1199:, broke the alliance with the Aragonese and together with the Doria declared war against the Iberians. In 1368 an Arborean offensive succeeded in nearly driving the Aragonese from the island, reducing the Kingdom of Sardinia to just the port cities of
781:) and from this we can deduce the judicial intent to actually make it known to citizens in order to make them aware of lawful and unlawful behaviors, with the consequent criminal implications. A situation of legal certainty is therefore defined.
1163:
From the second half of the thirteenth century the autonomous existence of the kingdoms of
Logudoro, Gallura and Calari ended due to the diplomatic maneuvers of Genoa and Pisa on the territory, on trade, on the episcopal curiae, and the
1000:
on the island, with the aim of a wider dissemination of culture but also of new techniques for cultivating the land. The immigration of monastics to the island was fueled by donated funds, and local churches were built by the
594:). The sovereign could be dethroned and even, in cases of serious acts of tyranny and oppression, executed legitimately by the same people, without this prejudging the inheritance of the title within the same ruling dynasty.
1719:
La Carta del giudice cagliaritano
Orzocco Torchitorio, prova dell'attuazione del progetto gregoriano di riorganizzazione della giurisdizione ecclesiastica della Sardegna, Collana dell'Archivio Storico e Giuridico Sardo di
1211:, again conquered most of the island, subjecting it to Arborean rule. This state of affairs lasted until 1409, when the army of the Kingdom of Arborea suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of the Aragonese army in the
349:
The almost total absence of historical sources does not allow certainty surrounding the date of the passage from
Byzantine central authority to self-government in Sardinia. It is believed that at some point the
545:
The central government and the entire
Judiciary were ruled substantially by the judge. The king did not have possession of the land nor was he the repository of sovereignty since this was formally held by the
796:
production, even to the detriment of sheep farming. This denotes a great attention towards the productive base which supports the efforts of the enemies in the struggle for the independence of
Sardinia.
878:, a sword with a bone handle and curved blade, between 50 and 70 cm long which was still in use, in a more contained dimension, until the end of nineteenth century. In Sardinia a type of
1207:
and incorporating everything else into their own kingdom. A peace treaty returned the
Aragonese their previous possessions in 1388, but tensions continued. In 1391 the Arborean army, led by
788:
in April 1827. From the study of the Chart we can deduce a great attention of the
Giudicati towards the protection of the safety of the countryside and agricultural production, including
3492:
558:) and high priests. They appointed the ruler and attributed the supreme power to him, while maintaining the power to ratify acts and agreements related to the entire kingdom.
657:
In the government of the territory, the Judge was assisted by the
Chancellery. The sovereign authority was in fact formalized with the drafting of official acts called
3643:
2313:
3638:
1434:
1374:
2345:
131:
784:
The chart survived, albeit with some difficulty, the judicial period and remained in force in the
Spanish and Savoyard era until the enactment of the Code of
2976:
2328:
772:
are collections of penal, public, civil and land regulations of great importance, in force in the various Giudicati. Unfortunately, only a few parts of the
2940:
1870:
1469:
Puglia, Andrea. "Interactions Between Lay and Ecclesiastical Offices in Sardinia", pp. 319–30. In Frances Andrews and maria Agata Pincelli (eds.),
1130:
510:
as their institutions were closer to those of the territories of the Byzantine Empire, although with local peculiarities that some scholars consider of
494:
Each of the four States had fortified borders to protect their political and commercial interests, as well their own laws, administration and emblems.
3074:
1176:
Genoese families. Cagliari was conquered by a Pisan-Sardinian alliance in 1258 and his territory was divided between the winners. Gallura went to the
827:
armies were composed of troops made up of soldiers and free citizens, subject to periodic rotation. In an emergency forced conscription was used. The
2981:
3487:
2546:
1191:
at the conquest of the Pisan possessions in Sardinia (the former kingdoms of Gallura and Calari). However, threatened by the Aragonese claims of
1758:
1666:
Lo Stato giudicale, questioni ancora aperte, atti del convegno internazionale «Società e Cultura nel Giudicato d'Arborea e nella Carta de Logu»
800:
The Condaghes are also of great importance for the study of the judicial period between the 11th and 13th centuries. Term of Byzantine origin (
287:
and North Africa tried to invade the island but the Sardinians resisted several attacks. This defence was so effective that in a letter in 851
3439:
3224:
2387:
1297:
1278:
1259:
3475:
3021:
2296:
2104:
378:, who became substantially autonomous from Caralis over time; this was probably the action that precipitated the birth of the kingdoms, or
2213:
1517:
Zedda, Corrado. "A Revision of Sardinian History between the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries", pp. 115–140. In Michalle Hobart (ed.),
2350:
907:
663:
paper, written by the statal chancellor, usually a bishop or at least a senior member of the clergy, assisted by other officials called
3648:
3290:
3069:
2654:
2281:
2114:
1875:
2301:
2276:
2119:
1554:
1540:
124:
3268:
2673:
1954:
1840:
1115:
In red the Sardinian territories controlled directly by Pisa in the early 14th century, before the Aragonese invasion, green the
585:
was crowned with a mixed-elected hereditary system following the direct male line and, only in the alternative, the female line.
2250:
3524:
2797:
2709:
2556:
2551:
2382:
3534:
3434:
2745:
2333:
1810:
1134:
306:
80:
3411:
3330:
2996:
2827:
2714:
2245:
2240:
2392:
3406:
3399:
3320:
2755:
2694:
2679:
2531:
1845:
947:
to Christianity. Since Sardinia was in the political sphere of the Byzantine Empire, it developed an array of Greek and
696:, administrative districts of varying sizes formed by urban and rural villages, dependent on a capital which housed the
117:
3099:
2817:
2663:
2445:
2355:
2255:
2141:
1794:
1218:
The Kingdom of Arborea ceased to exist in 1420, after the sale of its territories to the Aragonese by the last judge,
1168:
chancelleries. The Kingdom of Logudoro ended effectively in 1259 with the direct management of his territories by the
1029:
1009:
expressly abolished the autonomy and autocephaly of the Church of Sardinia, which was placed under the primacy of the
1491:
Tangheroni, Marco. "Sardinia and Corsica from the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century", pp. 447–57. In
739:) with administrative and judicial powers, and direct responsibility for the successful actions of land management.
3350:
3154:
2782:
2602:
2509:
2482:
2417:
2291:
1825:
1751:
912:
870:) used a shorter version of this same weapon. Besides the use of spears and shields, another common weapon was the
3184:
2950:
2873:
2837:
1855:
1820:
1815:
398:
364:, had complete control of the island. He appointed, in the most strategic area for the defense of the coast, the
318:
53:
3199:
3189:
3169:
3139:
3094:
2792:
2634:
2566:
2536:
2516:
2397:
2073:
2038:
1835:
807:
640:. However, that was composed primarily of the nobility's relatives and, therefore, linked by common interests.
410:
1457:
Archaeology and History in Sardinia from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages: Shepherds, Sailors, and Conquerors
573:, members of the high clergy, the castle lords, two representatives of the capital elected by delegates from
3633:
3079:
2842:
2699:
2669:
2644:
2561:
2521:
2460:
2359:
2124:
2094:
1671:
1352:
1065:
962:
3283:
2777:
2765:
2541:
2526:
2218:
1860:
1219:
1196:
972:
601:
483:
402:
1150:
began to infiltrate the Judicial politics and economy in the eleventh century intervening to support the
3482:
3444:
3429:
3084:
3011:
2991:
2905:
2854:
2612:
2592:
2402:
1996:
1964:
1850:
1830:
1744:
1462:
Galoppini, Laura. "Overview of Sardinia History (500–1500)", pp. 85–114. In Michalle Hobart (ed.),
1138:
1037:
916:
643:
The succession to the throne was dynastic but in some case there was the possibility of election by the
1036:. For several centuries afterwards representatives of many religious orders including the monks of the
336:
3421:
3384:
3379:
3340:
2935:
2750:
2639:
2617:
2271:
2169:
2053:
1921:
1700:
1087:
and became the official language. It was also used in legal and administrative documents such as the
1061:
1017:
948:
406:
85:
75:
70:
958:
873:
3557:
3460:
3394:
3371:
3345:
3219:
3209:
3164:
2930:
2895:
2890:
2607:
2228:
2164:
2084:
1235:
997:
890:
430:
310:
274:
105:
61:
3628:
3572:
3567:
3552:
3547:
3325:
3194:
3179:
3159:
3016:
2957:
2910:
2832:
2689:
2659:
2649:
2624:
2597:
2504:
2497:
2433:
2189:
2184:
1901:
1428:
1368:
1084:
1010:
778:
751:
449:
439:
241:
167:
95:
843:, the commander in charge of the security of the sovereign. The main armaments were the sword,
3609:
3591:
3584:
3470:
3335:
3276:
3144:
3134:
3006:
2920:
2885:
2812:
2802:
2580:
2450:
2364:
2194:
2174:
2148:
2136:
1931:
1926:
1911:
1906:
1891:
1550:
1536:
1212:
1208:
1157:
1116:
993:
634:—at least in form: he could not declare war or sign a peace treaty without the consent of the
631:
459:
31:
714:, represented the judicial authority locally and tended to the public property of the Crown.
3579:
3542:
3502:
3465:
3214:
3036:
2986:
2967:
2962:
2915:
2822:
2760:
2740:
2728:
2684:
2487:
2467:
2455:
2318:
2286:
2199:
1916:
1779:
1771:
1177:
1173:
1119:, in blue the Giudicato of Arborea, in purple the Malaspina, yellow the Doria, in black the
1111:
1033:
625:
617:
467:
390:
322:
251:
197:
193:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3001:
2925:
2787:
2306:
2204:
2089:
1989:
1896:
1188:
1079:
was used as an administrative language during the Byzantine period, but fell into disuse.
1076:
747:
682:
621:
613:
507:
277:
258:
90:
1459:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsyolvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2007.
1389:
3257:
3204:
3174:
3119:
3026:
2900:
2847:
2807:
2477:
2472:
2323:
2223:
2179:
2131:
2033:
2001:
1959:
1936:
1492:
1187:
Arborea lasted longer and, between 1323 and 1326, participated in an alliance with the
1169:
1045:
1005:
aristocracy. However, there were still strong ties with the Eastern liturgy. In 1092 a
952:
930:
789:
414:
284:
270:
247:
222:
177:
968:
3622:
3129:
2770:
2340:
2028:
2006:
1865:
1098:
1025:
979:
763:
531:
which in turn elected their own representatives to the parliamentary assizes called
3247:
3054:
2859:
2629:
2233:
2099:
2048:
2023:
1510:
Tangheroni, Marco. "Sardinia and Italy", pp. 237–50. In David Abulafia (ed.),
1195:
and consolidation of the rest of the island, in 1353 the Kingdom of Arborea, under
1080:
925:
spread throughout most of the island in the early centuries, excluding much of the
922:
785:
463:
385:
The first incontrovertible source that cites the existence of four kingdoms is the
375:
266:
1708:
La nascita dei giudicati. Proposta per lo scioglimento di un enigma storiografico
3149:
3089:
3059:
2412:
2043:
1361:
The religious policy of the Judicature of Torres, in The Cistercians in Sardinia
1083:, which had long been the language of the native population, developed into the
1057:
1041:
1021:
983:
828:
518:
478:
328:
288:
220:, between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries. They were sovereign states with
217:
37:
1028:
a large area of its territory with churches (including the Byzantine church of
3596:
3362:
2407:
2016:
1192:
1006:
844:
434:
371:
317:, at the end of the seventh century, and especially with the emergence of the
1683:
Il diritto pubblico nella Sardegna del Medioevo, in Archivio storico sardo XV
3512:
1725:
C. Zedda – R. Pinna, Fra Santa Igia e il Castro Novo Montis de Castro.
1053:
1049:
982:
institution for five centuries, independent from both the Byzantine and the
889:
In case of conflict judges often used mercenary troops, such as the dreaded
597:
1357:
La politica religiosa del giudicato di Torres, ne I Cistercensi in Sardegna
325:
and had, out of necessity, become economically and militarily independent.
3517:
3507:
3497:
3306:
3301:
3064:
3049:
3044:
2945:
1979:
1974:
1200:
1090:
944:
926:
883:
759:
552:, a council of elders (representatives of the administrative districts -
487:
443:
314:
213:
17:
1727:
La questione giuridica urbanistica a Cagliari all'inizio del XIII secolo
1486:
The Periphery in the Center: Sardinia in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds
269:
began to raid the island and encountered no effective opposition by the
2079:
2011:
1547:
La Carta de logu d'Arborea nella storia del diritto medievale e moderno
1223:
1204:
934:
879:
856:
812:
793:
511:
471:
386:
361:
298:
273:. In 815, Sardinian ambassadors requested military assistance from the
262:
2704:
1160:, an Iberian Muslim kingdom, which was trying to conquer the island.
1121:
1107:
Pisan-Genoese and Aragonese interference and end of the four kingdoms
506:
differed significantly from the feudal forms existing in the rest of
357:
1984:
1767:
1147:
1110:
967:
957:
911:
806:
746:
736:
681:
596:
477:
453:
394:
335:
327:
36:
1736:
321:(827), Sardinia remained disconnected from the core lands of the
2492:
1969:
1181:
1143:
588:
The judge ruled on the basis of a covenant with the people (the
413:; however their autonomy was already clear in a later letter of
302:
30:"Giudici" redirects here. For people with the name Giudici, see
3272:
1740:
1095:, municipal statutes, and the laws of the kingdoms such as the
567:(coronation ceremony) in the capital, a representative of each
525:
were characterized by semi-democratic institutions such as the
1390:"Note sulla struttura interna dei giudicati (secoli XI-XIII)"
1631:
Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel Medioevo
1610:
Dizionario generale geografico-statistico degli stati sardi
1568:
Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel Medioevo
630:
The judge was not an absolute ruler in the sense of later
986:. In the eleventh century, after the schism of 1054, the
1659:
Ugone III d'Arborea e le due ambasciate di Luigi D'Anjou
1471:
Churchmen and Urban Government in Late Medieval Italy,
1064:
arrived and settled in Sardinia. As a result of this,
250:
occupation (456–534), Sardinia was a province of the
943:, that guaranteed the conversion of his people from
837:, chosen riders who served under the command of the
3533:
3453:
3420:
3370:
3313:
3035:
2872:
2727:
2579:
2432:
2375:
2264:
2251:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
2157:
2066:
1947:
1884:
1803:
1787:
1778:
1714:, seconda serie, volume 12 (2007), pp. 27–118.
690:The territory of various kingdoms was divided into
1598:, Roma, 1953, ristampa anastatica, Sassari, 1992.
297:('judge of the province') of Sardinia, based in
1638:La costituzione politico sociale della Sardegna
1096:
1088:
987:
938:
871:
865:
848:
838:
832:
730:
724:
718:
709:
703:
697:
691:
664:
658:
644:
635:
589:
574:
568:
562:
553:
547:
532:
526:
236:Historical causes of the advent of the kingdoms
227:
161:
155:
149:
1507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
1497:The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume 5:
1481:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
1016:The first act of donation was made in 1064 by
3284:
1752:
1731:Archivio Storico e Giuridico Sardo di Sassari
1603:Ricerche e osservazioni sul feudalesimo sardo
1151:
864:The militias of the ground and the infantry (
212:, were independent states that took power in
187:
181:
125:
8:
702:. These administrators, aided especially by
397:on October 14, 1073 to the Sardinian judges
27:Medieval kingdoms of Sardinia 800 -1500 (CE)
1712:Archivio storico giuridico sardo di Sassari
1512:Italy in the Central Middle Ages, 1000–1300
854:
723:appointed for each village was part of the
580:
418:
365:
351:
292:
171:
3291:
3277:
3269:
2878:
2733:
2585:
2438:
1784:
1759:
1745:
1737:
1519:A Companion to Sardinian History, 500–1500
1464:A Companion to Sardinian History, 500–1500
1455:Dyson, Stephen L., and Rowland, Robert J.
1433:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1373:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
541:The Corona de Logu and the central council
232:in Sardinian), with the powers of a king.
132:
118:
48:
1695:Giuseppe Meloni e Andrea Dessì Fulgheri,
1733:, vol. 15 (2010-2011), pp. 125–187.
1514:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
996:, began a policy for the development of
951:traits as a result of evangelisation by
929:region. At the end of the sixth century
3644:15th-century disestablishments in Italy
1626:, Cagliari, Edizioni della Torre, 1979.
1596:L'architettura del Medioevo in Sardegna
1246:
882:was made, and over time the use of the
502:The administrative organization of the
1697:Mondo rurale e Sardegna del XII secolo
1617:La Sardegna bizantina e alto giudicale
1545:Birocchi I. e Mattone A. (a cura di),
1426:
1366:
1347:
1345:
417:(872) in which he referred to them as
3639:10th-century establishments in Europe
1131:Pisan–Genoese expeditions to Sardinia
7:
2297:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1296:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSolmi (
1277:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSolmi (
1258:sfn error: no target: CITEREFSolmi (
1032:), not far from the then capital of
517:In the international context of the
908:Romanesque architecture in Sardinia
426:The known medieval giudicati were:
254:from 535 until the eighth century.
3493:Archaeological and artistic sights
853:, a weapon similar to the ancient
847:, the shield, the helmet, and the
226:, each with a ruler called judge (
25:
1612:- Sassari - Carlo Delfino Editore
1582:Codice diplomatico della Sardegna
1561:Storia dei sardi e della Sardegna
1291:
1272:
1253:
283:In 807, 810–812, and 821–822 the
3361:
3300:
3253:
3252:
3241:
1563:, II-III Voll., Milano, 1987-89.
777:is written in Sardinian (of the
374:), belonging to his family, the
52:
2982:Orders, decorations, and medals
1338:] (in Italian). p. 45.
3435:List of presidents of Sardinia
1135:Aragonese conquest of Sardinia
345:The birth of the four kingdoms
340:Arms of the Kingdom of Arborea
1:
1488:. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2001.
1423:] (in Italian). Cagliari.
1415:Cherchi Paba, Felice (1962).
1317:The origin of the Judicatures
332:Arms of the Kingdom of Torres
978:The Sardinian Church was an
735:(the modern equivalent of a
576:jurados Coronas de curatoria
301:, for aid in the defense of
3022:Water supply and sanitation
2446:Italian geographical region
2314:Monarchy and the World Wars
2256:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2142:War of the Sicilian Vespers
1795:Timeline of Italian history
1330:Ortu, Gian Giacomo (2005).
1030:Nostra Segnora de Mesumundu
708:(judges) and a council the
3665:
2941:Inventions and discoveries
2351:Fall of the Fascist regime
2334:Fourth War of Independence
2292:Expedition of the Thousand
2282:Second War of Independence
1690:Studi sul sardo medioevale
1363:] (in Italian). Nuoro.
1128:
1068:flourished in the island.
933:reached an agreement with
905:
757:
611:
579:, came together. Then the
257:After 705, with the rapid
239:
29:
3649:Medieval history of Italy
3607:
3359:
3237:
2881:
2736:
2715:Security and intelligence
2588:
2441:
2302:Third War of Independence
2277:First War of Independence
1624:La Sardegna dei Giudicati
1479:.1450: Cases and Contexts
1388:Soddu, Alessandro (ed.).
831:was made up of so-called
754:signing the Carta de Logu
423:("princes of Sardinia").
360:of Sardinia, residing in
246:After a relatively brief
81:Phoenician–Punic Sardinia
3314:Administrative divisions
2393:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
2388:Institutional referendum
1692:- Nuoro - Ilisso - 1997.
1676:Dizionario storico sardo
1353:Casula, Francesco Cesare
653:The judicial chancellery
2916:Emigration and diaspora
2125:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2110:the Sardinian Judicates
1533:La Sardegna dei Giudici
1394:Sardegna e Mediterraneo
1332:La Sardegna dei Giudici
1313:L'origine dei Giudicati
1066:Romanesque architecture
963:Nostra Signora di Tergu
319:Arab presence in Sicily
3525:National football team
2798:Science and technology
2746:Italian regions by GDP
2547:Marine protected areas
2219:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1722:, nÂş 10, Sassari 2009.
1717:C. Zedda - R. Pinna -
1589:La Sardegna medioevale
1521:. Leiden: Brill, 2017.
1466:. Leiden: Brill, 2017.
1336:Sardinia of the Judges
1220:William II of Narbonne
1197:Marianus IV of Arborea
1152:
1126:
1097:
1089:
988:
975:
973:Basilica of San Gavino
965:
939:
919:
872:
866:
855:
849:
839:
833:
815:
755:
731:
725:
719:
710:
704:
698:
692:
687:
665:
659:
645:
636:
604:
602:Marianus IV of Arborea
590:
581:
575:
569:
563:
554:
548:
533:
527:
491:
484:Marianus II of Arborea
419:
411:Constantine of Gallura
366:
352:
341:
333:
293:
228:
188:
182:
172:
162:
156:
150:
46:
3483:Sa die de sa Sardigna
3430:Elections in Sardinia
2997:Public administration
2105:the Holy Roman Empire
1645:Storia della Sardegna
1575:La storia di Sardegna
1139:Sardinian-Catalan War
1114:
1038:Abbey of Montecassino
971:
961:
917:Basilica di Saccargia
915:
861:, the Roman javelin.
810:
750:
685:
600:
528:Coronas de curatorias
481:
339:
331:
240:Further information:
40:
3385:Sardinia and Corsica
3225:World Heritage Sites
2680:Council of Ministers
2418:Coronavirus pandemic
1816:Currency and coinage
1706:C. Zedda - R. Pinna
1652:Mariano IV D'Arborea
1062:Bernard of Clairvaux
1018:Barisone I of Torres
949:Eastern Christianity
811:Castle of Monreale,
673:Local administration
200:also referred to as
86:Sardinia and Corsica
76:Nuragic civilization
71:Pre-Nuragic Sardinia
3488:Tourist attractions
2756:Automotive industry
2695:Metropolitan cities
2241:Early Modern period
2214:Kingdom of Sardinia
2165:Italian city-states
1549:, Roma-Bari, 2004.
1484:Rowland, Robert J.
1319:] (in Italian).
1236:Castles of Sardinia
1222:, for 100,000 gold
998:Western monasticism
891:Genoese crossbowmen
711:Corona de curatoria
431:Kingdom of Cagliari
420:principes Sardiniae
399:Orzocco of Cagliari
311:Exarchate of Africa
275:Carolingian Emperor
206:Sardinian Judgedoms
106:Kingdom of Sardinia
101:Sardinian Judicates
62:History of Sardinia
2818:Telecommunications
2185:Maritime republics
1685:- Cagliari - 1924.
1668:- Oristano - 1995.
1640:- Cagliari - 1937.
1633:- Cagliari - 1917.
1601:F. Loddo Canepa -
1594:Raffaello Delogu,
1311:Meloni, Giuseppe.
1127:
1085:Sardinian language
1011:Archbishop of Pisa
976:
966:
920:
816:
779:Logudorese variety
756:
752:Eleanor of Arborea
688:
605:
492:
450:Kingdom of Gallura
440:Kingdom of Arborea
407:Marianus of Torres
342:
334:
242:Byzantine Sardinia
202:Sardinian Kingdoms
96:Byzantine Sardinia
47:
3616:
3615:
3440:Political parties
3266:
3265:
3233:
3232:
2868:
2867:
2803:Southern question
2723:
2722:
2655:Political parties
2603:Foreign relations
2575:
2574:
2428:
2427:
2149:Kingdom of Naples
2137:Kingdom of Sicily
1678:- Sassari - 2003.
1661:, S'Alvure, 1936.
1654:, S'Alvure, 2001.
1636:R. Carta Raspi -
1622:Alberto Boscolo,
1619:, Cagliari, 1978.
1615:Alberto Boscolo,
1584:- Cagliari - 1986
1570:- Cagliari - 1965
1213:Battle of Sanluri
1209:Brancaleone Doria
1117:Della Gherardesca
994:Pope Alexander II
460:Kingdom of Torres
403:Orzocco d'Arborea
142:
141:
32:Giudici (surname)
16:(Redirected from
3656:
3564:Corso-Sardinian
3365:
3305:
3304:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3270:
3256:
3255:
3248:Italy portal
3245:
3244:
3185:National symbols
2879:
2734:
2586:
2439:
2319:Kingdom of Italy
2246:Napoleonic Italy
1785:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1657:R. Carta Raspi,
1650:R. Carta Raspi,
1643:R. Carta Raspi,
1591:- Palermo - 1954
1439:
1438:
1432:
1424:
1421:The Greek Church
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1372:
1364:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1155:
1102:
1094:
991:
942:
877:
869:
860:
852:
842:
836:
774:Carta Caralitana
734:
728:
722:
713:
707:
701:
695:
668:
662:
648:
639:
626:King of Cagliari
618:King of Logudoro
593:
591:bannus-consensus
584:
578:
572:
566:
557:
551:
536:
530:
462:with capital in
452:with capital in
442:with capital in
433:with capital in
422:
391:Pope Gregory VII
369:
355:
353:Iudex Provinciae
323:Byzantine Empire
296:
294:Iudex Provinciae
252:Byzantine Empire
231:
191:
185:
175:
165:
159:
153:
134:
127:
120:
56:
49:
41:The Kingdoms or
21:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3603:
3529:
3449:
3416:
3366:
3357:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3267:
3262:
3242:
3229:
3200:Public holidays
3031:
2977:Life expectancy
2864:
2719:
2635:Law enforcement
2571:
2424:
2371:
2360:Social Republic
2324:Colonial Empire
2307:Capture of Rome
2260:
2153:
2062:
1955:Ancient peoples
1943:
1880:
1841:Historic states
1799:
1774:
1765:
1701:Liguori Editore
1647:, Mursia, 1971.
1573:F. C. Casula -
1528:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1425:
1417:La Chiesa Greca
1414:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1232:
1189:Crown of Aragon
1178:Visconti family
1141:
1109:
1077:Byzantine Greek
1074:
992:, according to
937:, chief of the
910:
904:
899:
840:Majore de Janna
821:
766:
758:Main articles:
745:
732:majore de Bidda
680:
675:
655:
628:
622:King of Gallura
614:King of Arborea
610:
543:
508:medieval Europe
500:
347:
278:Louis the Pious
244:
238:
189:giudicati sardi
138:
91:Vandal Sardinia
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Italian states
3631:
3621:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3351:South Sardinia
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3250:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2808:Stock exchange
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2768:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2710:Municipalities
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2670:Prime Minister
2667:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:Regional parks
2554:
2552:National parks
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:Climate change
2453:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2224:Duchy of Savoy
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2132:Lombard League
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:Western Empire
2046:
2041:
2039:Roman conquest
2036:
2031:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1960:Italic peoples
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1723:
1715:
1704:
1693:
1686:
1681:R. Di Tucci -
1679:
1669:
1664:M. Caravale -
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1577:- Sassari 1994
1571:
1564:
1557:
1543:
1535:, Nuoro, 2005
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1493:David Abulafia
1489:
1482:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1407:
1380:
1341:
1322:
1303:
1284:
1265:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1158:Taifa of DĂ©nia
1156:, against the
1108:
1105:
1073:
1070:
1046:Vallombrosians
953:Basilian monks
931:Pope Gregory I
903:
900:
898:
895:
823:The Sardinian
820:
817:
790:horse breeding
770:Cartas de Logu
744:
741:
679:
676:
674:
671:
654:
651:
646:Corona De Logu
637:Corona de Logu
609:
606:
549:Corona de Logu
542:
539:
534:Corona de Logu
499:
496:
476:
475:
457:
447:
437:
415:Pope John VIII
346:
343:
285:Arabs of Spain
271:Byzantine army
259:Arab expansion
237:
234:
223:summa potestas
140:
139:
137:
136:
129:
122:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
65:
64:
58:
57:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3661:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3611:
3606:
3598:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3259:
3251:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:Years of Lead
2401:
2399:
2398:Economic Boom
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2341:Fascist Italy
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2007:Magna Graecia
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
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1981:
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1968:
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1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1608:G. Stefani -
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
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1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1555:88-420-7328-8
1552:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:88-89801-02-6
1538:
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1294:, p. 59.
1293:
1288:
1285:
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1275:, p. 60.
1274:
1269:
1266:
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1255:
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1123:
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1106:
1104:
1101:
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1099:Carta de Logu
1093:
1092:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:Monte Cassino
1023:
1020:who gave the
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
990:
985:
981:
980:autocephalous
974:
970:
964:
960:
956:
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936:
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928:
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918:
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835:
830:
826:
819:Judicial army
818:
814:
809:
805:
803:
798:
795:
791:
787:
782:
780:
775:
771:
765:
764:Carta de Logu
761:
753:
749:
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19:
3389:
3085:Architecture
3055:Quattrocento
3012:Social class
2992:Prostitution
2906:Demographics
2828:Trade unions
2771:Central Bank
2613:Human rights
2593:Constitution
2376:Contemporary
2346:World War II
2234:Italian Wars
2158:Early modern
2109:
2100:Papal States
2078:Italy under
2024:Ancient Rome
1730:
1726:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1696:
1689:
1688:G. Paulis -
1682:
1675:
1672:F. C. Casula
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
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1588:
1581:
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1532:
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1511:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1445:Bibliography
1420:
1416:
1410:
1400:12 September
1398:. Retrieved
1396:(in Italian)
1393:
1383:
1360:
1356:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1287:
1268:
1249:
1217:
1186:
1180:and then to
1165:
1162:
1142:
1120:
1075:
1015:
1002:
977:
923:Christianity
921:
888:
863:
824:
822:
801:
799:
786:Carlo Felice
783:
773:
769:
767:
716:
689:
656:
642:
629:
587:
560:
544:
522:
516:
514:derivation.
503:
501:
493:
464:Porto Torres
425:
384:
379:
376:Lacon-Gunale
367:lociservator
348:
282:
267:North Africa
256:
245:
221:
209:
205:
201:
145:
143:
100:
45:of Sardinia.
42:
3558:Campidanese
3445:Nationalism
3380:Nuragic era
3150:Italophilia
3110:Coat of arm
3060:Cinquecento
2936:Immigration
2886:Aristocracy
2751:Agriculture
2645:Nationality
2618:LGBT rights
2532:Earthquakes
2413:Mani pulite
2329:World War I
2272:Unification
2265:Late modern
2229:Renaissance
2074:Middle Ages
2067:Middle Ages
2044:Roman Italy
1811:Citizenship
1629:A. Solmi -
1605:- Roma 1932
1587:E. Besta -
1566:A. Solmi -
1531:Ortu G.G.,
1058:Cistercians
1042:Camaldolese
1022:Benedictine
984:Roman Curia
940:barbaricini
829:elite corps
564:su Collectu
519:Middle Ages
498:Governments
313:, based in
305:. With the
289:Pope Leo IV
218:Middle Ages
210:Judicatures
3623:Categories
3610:Categories
3597:Tabarchino
3553:Logudorese
3503:Sardinians
3220:Traditions
3210:Television
3195:Philosophy
3160:Literature
3100:Cathedrals
3070:Settecento
2931:Healthcare
2896:Corruption
2891:Censorship
2650:Parliament
2608:Government
2408:Maxi Trial
2356:Resistance
2085:Ostrogoths
2017:Messapians
1902:Villanovan
1892:Prehistory
1885:Prehistory
1699:, Napoli,
1580:P. Tola -
1193:suzerainty
1129:See also:
1125:of Sassari
1007:papal bull
906:See also:
845:chain mail
726:curadorias
693:curadorias
686:Curadorias
678:Curadorias
632:absolutism
612:See also:
555:Curadorias
435:Santa Igia
372:lieutenant
291:asked the
3629:Judgedoms
3585:Algherese
3573:Sassarese
3568:Gallurese
3548:Sardinian
3535:Languages
3513:Corsicans
3390:Judicates
3326:Provinces
3180:Mythology
3155:Libraries
3075:Ottocento
3017:Terrorism
2958:Languages
2911:Education
2833:Transport
2783:Companies
2690:Provinces
2660:President
2625:Judiciary
2598:Elections
2510:Volcanoes
2505:Volcanism
2498:Apennines
2483:Mountains
2451:Peninsula
2434:Geography
2365:Civil War
2090:Byzantium
1997:Etruscans
1932:Canegrate
1927:Golasecca
1912:Rinaldone
1907:Terramare
1897:Neolithic
1429:cite book
1369:cite book
1184:in 1288.
1174:Malaspina
1153:giudicati
1054:Marseille
1050:Vittorini
1024:monks of
834:bujakesos
802:kontakion
570:curadoria
523:judgedoms
504:judgedoms
482:Tower of
470:and then
380:judgedoms
168:Sardinian
151:judicadus
146:Judicates
43:Judgedoms
18:Giudicati
3592:Ligurian
3518:Italians
3508:Catalans
3422:Politics
3407:Monarchs
3400:Viceroys
3341:Oristano
3331:Cagliari
3321:Communes
3307:Sardinia
3258:Category
3145:Internet
3135:Folklore
3065:Seicento
3050:Trecento
3045:Duecento
3007:Religion
2968:Regional
2946:Italians
2921:Gambling
2813:Taxation
2640:Military
2581:Politics
2383:Republic
2170:Florence
2095:Lombards
2034:Republic
1980:Samnites
1975:Picentes
1917:Apennine
1876:Railways
1856:Military
1804:By topic
1788:Overview
1772:articles
1559:AA.VV.,
1355:(1990).
1230:See also
1201:Cagliari
1172:and the
1166:judicial
1091:condaghe
1072:Language
1003:judicial
945:paganism
927:Barbagia
902:Religion
886:spread.
884:crossbow
867:birrudos
825:judicial
760:Condaghe
720:curadore
699:curadore
488:Oristano
444:Oristano
389:sent by
315:Carthage
214:Sardinia
173:judicati
3580:Catalan
3543:Italian
3461:Cuisine
3454:Culture
3395:Kingdom
3372:History
3346:Sassari
3215:Theatre
3190:Palaces
3170:Museums
3140:Gardens
3125:Fashion
3115:Cuisine
3095:Castles
3037:Culture
2987:Poverty
2963:Italian
2874:Society
2855:Welfare
2823:Tourism
2793:Exports
2761:Banking
2741:Economy
2729:Economy
2685:Regions
2567:Valleys
2537:Islands
2517:Beaches
2488:Prealps
2468:Geology
2456:Climate
2120:Normans
2080:Odoacer
2029:Kingdom
2012:Ligures
1948:Ancient
1922:Nuragic
1871:Postage
1846:Judaism
1836:Genetic
1826:Fashion
1821:Economy
1780:History
1720:Sassari
1526:Italian
1495:(ed.),
1450:English
1224:florins
1205:Alghero
989:judikes
935:Hospito
897:Culture
880:longbow
857:verutum
850:birrudu
813:Sardara
794:leather
705:jurados
666:majores
660:bullata
561:During
512:Nuragic
472:Sassari
387:epistle
362:Caralis
309:of the
299:Caralis
263:Saracen
216:in the
198:English
194:Italian
3498:People
3476:Anthem
3412:Mining
3246:
3120:Design
3105:Cinema
3080:Anthem
3002:Racism
2951:People
2926:Health
2788:Energy
2778:Brands
2705:Comune
2700:Cities
2562:Rivers
2522:Canals
2205:Amalfi
2190:Venice
2049:Empire
1990:Veneti
1965:Latins
1937:Latial
1770:
1703:, 1994
1553:
1539:
1501:.1198–
1475:.1200–
1137:, and
1122:comune
1056:, the
1048:, the
1044:, the
1040:, the
1034:Ardara
624:, and
608:Judges
521:, the
468:Ardara
454:Civita
358:Archon
248:Vandal
229:judike
196:), in
163:rennus
3471:Music
3336:Nuoro
3205:Sport
3175:Music
3165:Media
3027:Women
2901:Crime
2766:Banks
2542:Lakes
2527:Caves
2478:Flora
2473:Fauna
2195:Genoa
2180:Milan
2175:Siena
2115:Arabs
2002:Celts
1985:Umbri
1861:Music
1831:Flags
1768:Italy
1729:, in
1505:.1300
1419:[
1359:[
1334:[
1315:[
1292:Solmi
1273:Solmi
1254:Solmi
1242:Notes
1170:Doria
1148:Genoa
1081:Latin
874:leppa
737:mayor
582:judex
395:Capua
393:from
183:regni
178:Latin
157:logus
3466:Flag
3130:Flag
2860:Wine
2848:road
2843:rail
2674:List
2664:List
2493:Alps
2358:and
2200:Pisa
1970:Osci
1866:Name
1851:LGBT
1551:ISBN
1537:ISBN
1435:link
1402:2024
1375:link
1298:help
1279:help
1260:help
1203:and
1182:Pisa
1146:and
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