137:
882:
1185:
1330:
113:
313:
with lateral pleurae on their metastoma and pretelson, large lunate scales on the posterior margin of the carapace and a clavate telson. The opisthosoma shows both a second and fourth order differentiation into a mesosoma and metasoma. Appendages II-IV are unknown, though appendage V is spiniferous
323:
The
Hardieopteridae display some adaptations towards sweep-feeding, such as a broadening of the metastoma and the spines of the anterior prosomal appendages and may even have been
1276:
1371:
1263:
1395:
961:
951:
473:
1400:
427:
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946:
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890:
136:
1405:
1364:
908:
903:
941:
918:
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574:
466:
1357:
391:
881:
1203:
1302:
1390:
1250:
1241:
1188:
459:
278:
commonly known as "sea scorpions". The family is one of two families contained in the superfamily
131:
1307:
1289:
777:
710:
702:
1294:
1281:
1117:
831:
823:
813:
805:
785:
756:
672:
621:
436:
1146:
992:
849:
790:
746:
636:
310:
279:
204:
423:"The systematics and phylogeny of the Stylonurina (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida)"
1341:
1062:
1020:
978:
841:
768:
728:
720:
644:
303:
291:
283:
28:
1384:
1069:
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1006:
985:
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613:
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551:
515:
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316:
299:
295:
252:
245:
70:
32:
1027:
859:
795:
751:
626:
324:
1329:
286:), which in turn is one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder
1235:
1124:
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693:
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178:
122:
45:
1226:
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268:
191:
90:
55:
1167:
1151:
1141:
500:
275:
168:
148:
95:
39:
1220:
1110:
1083:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
112:
1268:
100:
75:
494:
228:
158:
1197:
1255:
421:
James C. Lamsdell, Simon J. Braddy & O. Erik Tetlie (2010).
1201:
455:
451:
327:
bottomdwellers living partially buried in the substrate.
1345:
290:. Hardieopterids have been recovered from deposits of
1210:
1160:
1134:
1100:
970:
927:
889:
840:
822:
804:
776:
765:
737:
719:
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635:
612:
594:
583:
567:
560:
1365:
467:
8:
1372:
1358:
1198:
773:
698:
591:
564:
474:
460:
452:
314:and VI is non-spiniferous as in the genus
111:
20:
440:
383:
416:
414:
412:
7:
1326:
1324:
428:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
14:
1328:
1184:
1183:
880:
135:
1173:Timeline of eurypterid research
1396:Prehistoric arthropod families
392:"Fossilworks: Hardieopteridae"
309:Hardieopterids are defined as
1:
1344:. You can help Knowledge by
16:Extinct family of arthropods
1427:
1401:Silurian first appearances
1323:
1181:
878:
575:List of eurypterid genera
489:
442:10.1080/14772011003603564
234:
227:
132:Scientific classification
130:
119:
110:
23:
353:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1963
1340:-related article is a
271:, an extinct group of
1303:Paleobiology Database
1406:Devonian extinctions
703:Onychopterelloidea
120:Reconstruction of
1353:
1352:
1318:
1317:
1290:Open Tree of Life
1204:Taxon identifiers
1195:
1194:
876:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
824:Adelophthalmoidea
806:Waeringopteroidea
778:Carcinosomatoidea
711:Onychopterellidae
686:
685:
374:
364:
354:
343:
261:
260:
223:
1418:
1411:Eurypterid stubs
1374:
1367:
1360:
1332:
1325:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1259:
1258:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1199:
1187:
1186:
1161:Related articles
1118:Merostomichnites
884:
832:Adelophthalmidae
814:Waeringopteridae
786:Carcinosomatidae
774:
757:Strobilopteridae
699:
673:Hibbertopteridae
622:Parastylonuridae
592:
565:
476:
469:
462:
453:
447:
446:
444:
418:
407:
406:
404:
402:
388:
372:
362:
352:
341:
267:are a family of
221:
216:
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190:
140:
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115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
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1425:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1378:
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1319:
1314:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1280:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1242:Hardieopteridae
1240:
1239:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1212:Hardieopteridae
1206:
1196:
1191:
1177:
1156:
1147:Chasmataspidida
1130:
1096:
993:Campylocephalus
966:
923:
885:
864:
850:Hughmilleriidae
836:
818:
800:
791:Megalograptidae
767:
761:
747:Dolichopteridae
733:
721:Moselopteroidea
715:
692:
682:
668:Drepanopteridae
654:
650:Hardieopteridae
637:Kokomopteroidea
631:
608:
585:
579:
556:
485:
480:
450:
420:
419:
410:
400:
398:
396:fossilworks.org
390:
389:
385:
381:
363:Waterston, 1979
342:Tollerton, 1989
339:Hardieopteridae
333:
280:Kokomopteroidea
265:Hardieopteridae
222:Tollerton, 1989
220:
218:Hardieopteridae
214:
205:Kokomopteroidea
201:
188:
134:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
38:436–376.1
37:
36:
25:
24:Hardieopteridae
17:
12:
11:
5:
1424:
1422:
1414:
1413:
1408:
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1383:
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1136:
1135:Related groups
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1063:Onychopterella
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1021:Hibbertopterus
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
979:Adelophthalmus
974:
972:
971:Notable genera
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967:
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842:Pterygotioidea
838:
837:
835:
834:
828:
826:
820:
819:
817:
816:
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801:
799:
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769:Diploperculata
763:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
735:
734:
732:
731:
729:Moselopteridae
725:
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
707:
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688:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
670:
664:
662:
656:
655:
653:
652:
647:
645:Kokomopteridae
641:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
624:
618:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
600:
598:
596:Rhenopteroidea
589:
581:
580:
578:
577:
571:
569:
562:
558:
557:
555:
554:
545:
536:
527:
518:
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503:
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486:
481:
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471:
464:
456:
449:
448:
408:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
365:
355:
332:
329:
311:kokomopteroids
304:United Kingdom
292:Early Silurian
284:Kokomopteridae
259:
258:
257:
256:
249:
242:
232:
231:
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212:
208:
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199:
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186:
182:
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162:
161:
156:
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151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
127:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
29:Early Silurian
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1423:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
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1389:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
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1287:
1283:
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1274:
1270:
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1261:
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1237:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
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1190:
1180:
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1133:
1127:
1126:
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1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1070:Pentecopterus
1067:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1042:Megalograptus
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:Jaekelopterus
1032:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1008:
1007:Drepanopterus
1004:
1002:
1001:
997:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
986:Brachyopterus
983:
981:
980:
976:
975:
973:
969:
963:
962:South America
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:North America
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
917:
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914:Carboniferous
912:
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905:
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891:Geochronology
888:
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827:
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815:
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787:
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779:
775:
772:
770:
764:
758:
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750:
748:
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742:
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739:Eurypteroidea
736:
730:
727:
726:
724:
722:
718:
712:
709:
708:
706:
704:
700:
697:
695:
689:
679:
678:Mycteroptidae
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
661:
660:Mycteropoidea
657:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
640:
638:
634:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
617:
615:
614:Stylonuroidea
611:
605:
604:Rhenopteridae
602:
601:
599:
597:
593:
590:
588:
582:
576:
573:
572:
570:
566:
563:
559:
553:
552:Sclerophorata
549:
546:
544:
540:
537:
535:
531:
528:
526:
522:
519:
517:
516:Euchelicerata
513:
510:
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504:
502:
498:
496:
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484:
477:
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470:
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463:
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457:
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438:
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430:
429:
424:
417:
415:
413:
409:
397:
393:
387:
384:
378:
373:Størmer, 1951
371:
370:
369:Tarsopterella
366:
361:
360:
359:Hardieopterus
356:
351:
350:
346:
345:
344:
340:
337:
330:
328:
326:
321:
319:
318:
317:Hardieopterus
312:
307:
305:
301:
300:United States
297:
296:Late Devonian
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
255:
254:
253:Tarsopterella
250:
248:
247:
246:Hardieopterus
243:
241:
240:
236:
235:
233:
230:
226:
219:
213:
210:
209:
206:
200:
198:Superfamily:
197:
196:
193:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
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153:
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147:
144:
143:
138:
133:
129:
125:
124:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
33:Late Devonian
30:
22:
19:
1346:expanding it
1335:
1320:
1211:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1028:Hughmilleria
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
860:Pterygotidae
796:Mixopteridae
752:Eurypteridae
649:
627:Stylonuridae
547:
538:
529:
520:
511:
435:(1): 49–61.
432:
426:
399:. Retrieved
395:
386:
367:
357:
347:
338:
335:
334:
322:
315:
308:
282:(along with
264:
262:
251:
244:
237:
217:
121:
18:
1391:Stylonurina
1236:Wikispecies
1125:Palmichnium
1102:Ichnogenera
1000:Carcinosoma
694:Eurypterina
587:Stylonurina
525:Prosomapoda
507:Chelicerata
505:Subphylum:
483:Eurypterids
401:17 December
349:Hallipterus
298:age in the
288:Stylonurina
273:chelicerate
269:eurypterids
239:Hallipterus
192:Eurypterida
179:Chelicerata
175:Subphylum:
123:Hallipterus
1385:Categories
1338:eurypterid
1091:Stylonurus
1077:Pterygotus
1056:Mixopterus
1049:Megarachne
1014:Eurypterus
899:Ordovician
855:Slimonidae
766:Infraorder
543:Dekatriata
534:Planaterga
501:Arthropoda
379:References
276:arthropods
169:Arthropoda
1168:Metastoma
1152:Xiphosura
1142:Arachnida
929:Geography
493:Kingdom:
155:Kingdom:
149:Eukaryota
1256:25646772
1227:Q1585107
1221:Wikidata
1189:Category
1111:Arcuites
1084:Slimonia
909:Devonian
904:Silurian
691:Suborder
584:Suborder
561:Taxonomy
499:Phylum:
495:Animalia
302:and the
211:Family:
165:Phylum:
159:Animalia
145:Domain:
1295:4706706
1269:4806203
957:Oceania
919:Permian
325:benthic
185:Order:
1308:286981
1282:101850
947:Europe
937:Africa
568:Genera
336:Family
331:Genera
229:Genera
1336:This
1277:IRMNG
548:Clade
539:Clade
530:Clade
521:Clade
512:Clade
1342:stub
1264:GBIF
942:Asia
403:2021
263:The
46:PreꞒ
1251:EoL
437:doi
294:to
1387::
1305::
1292::
1279::
1266::
1253::
1238::
1223::
550::
541::
532::
523::
514::
431:.
425:.
411:^
394:.
320:.
306:.
126:.
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
31:-
1373:e
1366:t
1359:v
1348:.
475:e
468:t
461:v
445:.
439::
433:8
405:.
215:†
202:†
189:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
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