820:
628:
832:
438:
761:
2977:
459:, she is invoked multiple times and is mentioned with other goddesses in the first three of these passages. Another hymn considers her to be the most fortunate female, as her husband Indra cannot die from old age. David Kinsley states that many of the goddesses in the early texts are named after their husbands and have no independent character of their own. While Indrani is mentioned more often than any other Vedic goddess-consorts, she remains overshadowed by her husband.
616:, Indra's teacher. Angered by Nahusha's illicit behaviour, the devas advised her to bring back Indra, and after crafting a plan, Shachi went to Nahusha. She told Nahusha that before accepting him, he would have to wait until Indra was found; Nahusha showed his consent. Though Indra was found and redeemed from his sin, he refused to return as Nahusha was the king, and went back into hiding. Aided by the goddess Upashruti, Shachi located Indra in the lake
501:
58:
2502:
2316:
746:. When Shachi's guards warned Satyabhama, she challenged Shachi to ask Indra to protect the tree if he was truly submissive to her will. After hearing about Satyabhama's words from a guard, Shachi insisted that her husband take back her possession. A battle between Indra and Krishna occurred, in which the latter was victorious and took the tree with him.
992:
1051:, Sujā went through a long process and was reborn over many lifetimes to purify herself and become Śakra's wife. As Vemacitrin was his nemesis, Śakra, disguised as an old asura, came to Sujā and took her with him. After defeating Vemacitrin, Sujā and Śakra got married and she became his chief consort.
466:
praises her as being very beautiful and mentions her jealousy of rivals. Another hymn (10.159) describes
Indrani as being boastful and claiming that she has conquered her husband; he is submissive to her will. Despite this, in the same hymn, Indrani asks the gods to rid her of rivals in Indra's
345:) is a prominent other name of Indrani. The term finds usage in the Vedas with dual significance: firstly, as the proper name for Indrani and secondly, as a generic expression denoting the strength inherent in the divine entities, particularly associated with Indra. According to
742:. Shachi considered Satyabhama to be inferior because of her mortal background and while introducing the latter to Aditi, she didn't treat her properly. Later, while travelling through Indra's garden, Satyabhama saw the Parijata tree and decided to transplant it to
451:, which was composed in the early second millennium BCE. According to Subodh Kapoor, unlike many Vedic deities who personify natural phenomena, Indrani does not have a myth of nature that explains her existence and may have originated as Indra's wife. Indologist
650:, wanted to marry Shachi, but she refused. As a result, he took permission from Puloman to forcefully abduct and marry her. During the abduction, Indra spotted Anuhlada and Shachi and saved his wife by killing both Anuhlada and Puloman. The Southern Indian text
2105:
Original
Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, Their Religion and Institutions: Contributions to a knowledge of the cosmogony, mythology, religious ideas, life and manners, of the Indians in the Vedic age. Volume
620:. Indra suggested that Shachi scheme to remove Nahusha from his position. She returned to Nahusha and asked him to come to her in a palanquin driven by sages. Due to his impatience and arrogance, Nahusha kicked the sage
334:
and means 'wife of Indra'. Importantly, however, Indra is known by his wife's name as well; he is often referred to as
Shachipati (husband of Shachi), Shachindra (Shachi's Indra), or Shachivat (possessor of Shachi).
858:
writes that
Indrani should be depicted with two arms, seated on the lap of her husband. She is of golden complexion and is dressed in blue garment. One of her hand embraces Indra, while the other one carries a
664:
as her guard. During his absence, Surapadman's sister came to Shachi and unsuccessfully tried to convince her to marry the asura. In the epics, Shachi's beauty and devotion are compared to other women, such as
587:
Author James G. Lochtefeld comments that Shachi is not a major figure, and this may reflect Indra's diminished status in later Hindu mythology. He claims that Shachi's only important role is in the story of
819:
627:
283:
According to legend, due to her heavenly beauty and sensuality, Indrani was desired by many men, many of whom tried to marry her. When Indra was away performing his penance for the slaying of
295:, was chosen as the ruler of heaven. The latter tried to seduce Shachi and make her his queen, though she cleverly executed a scheme to dethrone him and later reunite with her husband.
906:, like Indra, Indrani is yellow and has one thousand eyes. She has six arms, four of which carry a sutra, vajra, pot, and vessel. The remaining two are in Abhaya and Varada mudra. The
624:
while riding in the palanquin. Agastya cursed
Nahusha to fall from heaven and transformed him into a snake. Indra was hence restored as the King of Heaven and reunited with Shachi.
831:
797:, a demon with the power to multiply himself whenever a drop of his blood reached the ground. In this battle, the Matrikas emerged from different parts of the supreme goddess.
979:
assembling in the temple of goddess
Indrani. In modern times, Indrani is sometimes equated with the Matrika of the same name and is worshipped along with the other Matrikas. A
789:(power) personified themselves to defeat the demon. Indrani is described to be emerging from Indra and has similar characteristics to him. According to later chapters in the
1686:
2348:
1673:
In his
Harshacharita Bana informs that Charanas of various branches had come from far off places and assembled in a small room where the goddess Indrani was worshipped.
306:, a major sect of Hinduism. Indrani is rarely worshipped as an independent deity and is most often worshipped with Indra throughout India. She is also a goddess in
437:
760:
2019:
471:
is dedicated to a quarrel between
Indrani and Indra, where she becomes annoyed with the pranks of Vrishakapi—Indra's pet ape—and complains about it.
612:, to be the king of heaven. He soon became proud of his power and desired Shachi, but she refused his amorous advances and sought protection under
361:, meaning 'power', 'strength', 'action' or 'exploit'. David Kinsley, a professor known for his research on Hindu goddesses, believed that the word
869:
contains a similar account, according to which she should be shown as a joyful young lady, decorated with all kinds of ornaments and carrying a
3334:
2341:
2297:
2276:
2241:
2220:
2199:
2178:
2157:
2125:
2092:
2071:
2050:
2029:
2008:
1987:
1966:
1924:
1903:
1882:
1844:
1823:
1791:
1666:
1179:
2976:
2864:
1914:
1169:
1945:
2189:
2334:
884:
Roa describes the
Matrika Indrani as being red, with three eyes and four hands. Two of her hands should be in Varada and Abhaya
2149:
Encyclopaedia of Vedic
Philosophy: The Age, Religion, Literature, Pantheon, Philosophy, Traditions, and Teachers of the Vedas
2103:
2231:
2082:
764:
13th-century Saptamatrikas Panagal Group of Temples ruins, Sakti tradition; Indrani is the one with elephant icon below her
3187:
2147:
844:
Sculptures of Indrani and Indra are common in Hindu temples. They are typically depicted sitting on the white elephant
326:
goddess-consorts whose names are derived from their husband's name by adding a feminine termination, the word Indrani (
3262:
3008:
2685:
1977:
2252:
486:
suggests that Indra chose Indrani over other goddesses because of her beauty and sensuality. Scholars note that the
3257:
1893:
346:
1618:
3339:
3319:
2210:
1856:
Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature
3324:
2965:
2805:
2641:
2168:
702:
568:, Rishabha, and Midhusha; some other texts include Nilambara and Ribhus. Indra and Shachi had a daughter named
1036:
is born, Indra descends with his consort Indrani, riding the great elephant Airavata, to celebrate the event.
3237:
2287:
1834:
1863:
1859:
3193:
2857:
1998:
1872:
452:
1032:
tradition, she is a mirror image of Indra, and they represent an ideal couple. According to myth, when a
3217:
908:
731:
99:
3182:
3167:
2922:
2812:
2620:
1895:
The Myths and Gods of India: The Classic Work on Hindu Polytheism from the Princeton Bollingen Series
1802:
670:
2136:
2884:
2735:
2490:
2320:
1044:
482:
476:
349:, 'Shachi' means 'speech', 'power of speech', or 'eloquence'. It is derived from the Sanskrit word
776:—the seven divine mothers. Sometimes, Indra's wife and the Matrika are equated into one goddess.
3280:
933:
Indrani is usually venerated with Indra and is rarely worshipped as an independent deity. Author
855:
569:
209:
922:
depicts her as having two eyes and carrying a lotus in one hand. Indrani is associated with the
2115:
492:
mentions Prasaha and Sena as the wives of Indra, but both of them are identified with Indrani.
3252:
3247:
3227:
3177:
3018:
2850:
2673:
2293:
2272:
2237:
2216:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2121:
2088:
2067:
2046:
2040:
2025:
2004:
1983:
1962:
1941:
1920:
1899:
1878:
1840:
1819:
1813:
1787:
1662:
1175:
877:
850:
500:
488:
2061:
1935:
772:, the goddess-oriented sect of Hinduism, Indrani (or Aindri) is the name of one of the Sapta
3046:
2605:
1956:
865:
666:
597:
560:
3172:
3051:
2831:
2560:
2545:
2369:
1067:
In contrast, Alain Daniélou writes that Puloman was killed after Indra eloped with Shachi.
1003:
980:
958:
708:
605:
555:
505:
273:
258:
48:
369:, the personification of power. Other scholars use 'divine grace' as the translation of
3329:
3242:
3232:
2459:
781:
661:
647:
57:
26:
806:
associates each of the Matrikas with an emotion; Indrani is associated with jealousy.
3313:
3222:
3212:
3162:
3154:
3114:
3109:
3056:
2796:
2357:
2289:
Shared Characters in Jain, Buddhist and Hindu Narrative: Gods, Kings and Other Heroes
2262:
1040:
971:
802:
714:
609:
292:
743:
3144:
3066:
934:
652:
551:
323:
265:. Described as tantalisingly beautiful, proud and kind, she is the daughter of the
30:
794:
785:, when the gods could not defeat the powerful demons Shumbha and Nishumbha, their
2266:
1781:
1656:
604:, after which he set out incognito to perform a penance. During this period, the
3204:
3104:
3086:
3076:
2789:
2764:
2705:
2501:
2479:
2361:
1783:
Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition
1033:
957:, the chief wife of Krishna, visited a temple dedicated to Indra and Shachi. In
617:
528:
21:"Shachi" and "Sachi" redirect here. For the Japanese mythological creature, see
635:, Krishna uproots the Parijata Tree while Indra and Shachi (Indrani) apologise.
3124:
2998:
2949:
2771:
2700:
2414:
2268:
The Spirit of Indian Painting: Close Encounters with 100 Great Works 1100–1900
1858:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass. pp.
1048:
949:
939:
739:
727:
657:
613:
441:
Indra, Indrani, and Airavata in a 6th-century cave temple in Badami, Karnataka
22:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3119:
3096:
3071:
3033:
2937:
2907:
2759:
2690:
2580:
2523:
2439:
1750:
1022:
581:
169:
504:
Shachi (Indrani) has been lusted after by various men. In this painting by
2326:
2315:
1619:"An Account of Rukshmi: Krishna Takes Away Rukshmini [Chapter 60]"
902:(vehicle), as well as her emblem banner, is an elephant. According to the
3293:
3061:
3023:
2993:
2985:
2944:
2902:
2873:
2826:
2782:
2754:
2724:
2710:
2630:
2590:
2575:
2434:
2377:
999:
944:
845:
769:
755:
697:
678:
577:
547:
538:, Indrani is more commonly referred to as Shachi, and is the daughter of
522:
513:
311:
303:
262:
246:
230:
217:
213:
151:
131:
983:(worship) dedicated to Indrani is performed during the Ashada Navratri.
3081:
3003:
2917:
2912:
2776:
2749:
2610:
2585:
2533:
2528:
2518:
2444:
2424:
2419:
2409:
2404:
954:
914:
773:
723:
690:
621:
589:
565:
539:
534:
447:
307:
299:
288:
269:
205:
184:
991:
3298:
3013:
2927:
2720:
2715:
2680:
2668:
2658:
2625:
2615:
2550:
2469:
2449:
2387:
2382:
1028:
Indrani exists in other religions, though she plays a minor role. In
976:
962:
898:
871:
786:
686:
644:
601:
573:
509:
366:
284:
146:
127:
110:
103:
89:
2167:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (21 August 2012).
2954:
2932:
2744:
2663:
2595:
2555:
2540:
2464:
2429:
2392:
1687:"Ashtami – Why is Ashtami the most important day during Navratri?"
1018:
995:
990:
966:
889:
885:
779:
The legends of the Matrikas are narrated in various texts. In the
759:
735:
626:
543:
499:
436:
331:
277:
266:
195:
123:
3041:
2959:
2894:
2695:
2635:
2600:
2570:
2510:
2484:
2474:
2454:
2399:
1136:
1134:
1029:
674:
250:
234:
85:
2846:
2330:
576:. In some scriptures, Indra and Shachi bestowed their daughter
2212:
The Vedic Astrologer: The Spiritual Legacy of the Nakshatras
1324:
1322:
2842:
1786:. University of California Press. pp. 17–18, 156–158.
1224:
1222:
302:—the seven divine mothers. She is an important goddess in
1549:
1547:
1534:
1532:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
896:
on her head and is decorated with various ornaments. Her
1270:
1268:
1709:
1707:
1297:
1295:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
848:. While explaining the iconography as described in the
1874:
A Study of the Bhagavata Purana: Or, Esoteric Hinduism
1423:
1421:
1151:
1149:
1576:
1574:
1090:
1088:
825:
Indra and Indrani at a temple, India, c. 12th century
685:
also mentions that the heroine Draupadi was Shachi's
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
564:
mentions that Indra and Shachi had three sons named
3273:
3203:
3153:
3095:
3032:
2984:
2893:
2733:
2651:
2509:
2368:
1658:
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti
201:
191:
180:
175:
165:
157:
145:
137:
119:
109:
95:
81:
73:
40:
1979:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 1
1833:Leeming, David; Fee, Christopher (15 March 2016).
689:, though Draupadi is praised as an incarnation of
608:appointed Nahusha, a powerful mortal ruler of the
837:A painting of the Matrika Indrani, Nepal, c. 1800
706:), which was one of the jewels emerging from the
1523:
1499:
912:states that Indrani has two arms and carries an
554:. She married Indra and became the queen of the
68:Indrani from Nepal, depicted as consort of Indra
2084:The Illustrated Dictionary of Hindu Iconography
1997:Brodbeck, Simon; Black, Brian (9 August 2007).
1140:
1125:
2138:Elements Of Hindu Iconography, Vol. II Part II
2045:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
2024:. Penguin Random House India Private Limited.
1871:Sinha, Purnendu Narayana (28 September 2020).
1171:The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition
1043:, Indrani is referred to as Sujā, the wife of
520:In the later Hindu texts, including the epics
2858:
2342:
2254:An Episodic Interpretation of the Mahabharata
1565:
1475:
298:Indrani (or Aindri) is also one of the Sapta
8:
1487:
926:tree; sometimes, a lion is mentioned as her
2865:
2851:
2843:
2349:
2335:
2327:
1553:
1328:
480:refers to Indrani as Indra's beloved. The
56:
2191:Encyclopaedia of Hindu Gods and Goddesses
1976:Lochtefeld, James G. (15 December 2001).
1642:
1451:
734:to return the earrings of Indra's mother
696:The Puranas attest that Shachi owned the
1737:
1713:
1201:
793:, the Matrikas appeared again to defeat
693:in other earlier chapters of the text.
660:desired Shachi, Indra appointed the god
353:, which means 'speak', 'say' or 'tell'.
2000:Gender and Narrative in the Mahabharata
1725:
1592:
1538:
1511:
1463:
1412:
1113:
1094:
1084:
1060:
892:(thunderbolt) and a spear. She wears a
1836:The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother
1617:www.wisdomlib.org (14 November 2020).
1376:
1364:
1313:
1274:
1240:
1213:
1174:. State University of New York Press.
965:(Venus) and symbolises the quality of
943:(family deity) of the royal family of
937:states that Indra and Indrani are the
365:is suggestive of the later concept of
37:
2209:Kalomiris, James (4 September 2019).
1604:
1439:
1400:
1301:
1259:
1228:
1155:
25:. For people with the same name, see
7:
2286:Appleton, Naomi (25 November 2016).
1898:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
1427:
1388:
1352:
1340:
1286:
712:(the churning of the ocean). In the
508:, Shachi (far-left) is presented to
2257:. Atlantic Publishers & Distri.
1982:. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
1580:
888:, while the other two hands hold a
272:and the consort of the king of the
18:Consort of Indra in Hindu mythology
2120:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
2081:Stutley, Margaret (9 April 2019).
1913:Bhattacharya, Sunil Kumar (1996).
1168:Pintchman, Tracy (15 April 2015).
639:According to another story in the
14:
1892:Daniélou, Alain (December 1991).
1685:Banerjee, Nikita (8 April 2019).
738:, which were stolen by the demon
592:. In the story, according to the
546:(demonic figure) son of the sage
357:is also associated with the word
2975:
2500:
2314:
2063:Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses
1801:Monier-Williams, Monier (1872).
830:
818:
2060:Jordan, Michael (14 May 2014).
1958:The Penguin Book of Hindu Names
1815:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
1812:Dalal, Roshen (18 April 2014).
1021:museum, originally from Amber,
2251:Sarkar, Rabindra Nath (1989).
1940:. Calcutta: Orient Blackswan.
1919:. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.
1524:Cush, Robinson & York 2012
1500:Cush, Robinson & York 2012
423:) – 'wife of Mahendra (Indra)'
1:
2230:Debroy, Bibek (1 June 2015).
2135:Gopinatha Rao, T. A. (1916).
2117:Elements of Hindu Iconography
2114:Rao, T. A. Gopinatha (1997).
1937:Hindu Women: Normative Models
1804:A Sanskrit-English Dictionary
1007:
750:Association with the Matrikas
656:narrates that when the asura
445:Indrani first appears in the
62:
3335:Queens of Heaven (antiquity)
2042:The Valmiki Ramayana: Vol. 3
2021:The Valmiki Ramayana: Vol. 2
1934:Mukherjee, Prabhati (1999).
918:(goad) and vajra, while the
572:, who married Indra's rival
416:) – 'wife of Shakra (Indra)'
314:, mentioned in their texts.
3263:Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad
1751:"Suja, Sujā: 6 definitions"
643:, Anuhlada, the son of the
3356:
3258:Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad
1916:Krishna-cult in Indian Art
1002:. Folio from a Jain text,
961:, Indrani is the ruler of
753:
600:(Brahminicide) by killing
347:Sir Monier Monier-Williams
20:
3289:
2973:
2880:
2822:
2498:
2233:The Mahabharata: Volume 4
1877:. Library of Alexandria.
1476:Brodbeck & Black 2007
395:) – 'daughter of Puloman'
388:) – 'daughter of Puloman'
55:
45:
2806:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2188:Chandra, Suresh (1998).
2170:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
2109:. Trübner & Company.
703:Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
373:. Other names include:
3238:Tripuratapini Upanishad
2146:Kapoor, Subodh (2002).
2066:. Infobase Publishing.
2039:Debroy, Bibek (2017b).
2018:Debroy, Bibek (2017a).
1961:. Penguin Books India.
1955:Gandhi, Maneka (1993).
1780:Kinsley, David (1988).
1655:Datta, Amaresh (1988).
810:Iconography and worship
596:, Indra once committed
291:, a mortal king of the
257:), is the queen of the
77:Shachi, Poulomi, Aindri
1554:Leeming & Fee 2016
1025:
765:
636:
517:
442:
318:Etymology and epithets
208:, Rishabha, Midhusha,
3218:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
1854:Mani, Vettam (1975).
994:
909:Devi Bhagavata Purana
763:
630:
503:
440:
2323:at Wikimedia Commons
2194:. Sarup & Sons.
1141:Monier-Williams 1872
1126:Monier-Williams 1872
631:In a folio from the
402:) – 'queen of devas'
3274:Regional variations
2102:Muir, John (1870).
1661:. Sahitya Akademi.
998:and Indrani riding
969:. The 7th-century
483:Taittiriya Brahmana
477:Shatapatha Brahmana
455:states that in the
428:In Hindu literature
381:) – 'wife of Indra'
3281:Caribbean Shaktism
1839:. Reaktion Books.
1691:The Times of India
1566:Gopinatha Rao 1916
1231:, p. 165–166.
1026:
987:In other religions
866:Amshumadbhed-agama
856:T.A. Gopinatha Roa
766:
637:
518:
467:favour. A hymn in
462:Hymn 10.68 of the
443:
330:) is derived from
3307:
3306:
3253:Bhavana Upanishad
3248:Tripura Upanishad
3228:Shakta Upanishads
2840:
2839:
2319:Media related to
2299:978-1-317-05574-7
2278:978-0-670-08657-3
2271:. Penguin Books.
2243:978-81-8475-534-3
2222:978-1-9822-2638-1
2201:978-81-7625-039-9
2180:978-1-135-18978-5
2159:978-81-7755-357-4
2127:978-81-208-0876-8
2094:978-0-429-62425-4
2073:978-1-4381-0985-5
2052:978-93-87326-28-6
2031:978-93-87326-27-9
2010:978-1-134-11995-0
1989:978-0-8239-3179-8
1968:978-0-14-012841-3
1926:978-81-7533-001-6
1905:978-0-89281-354-4
1884:978-1-4655-2506-2
1846:978-1-78023-538-7
1825:978-81-8475-277-9
1793:978-0-520-90883-3
1755:www.wisdomlib.org
1668:978-81-260-1194-0
1623:www.wisdomlib.org
1488:Bhattacharya 1996
1454:, p. 29, 39.
1181:978-1-4384-1618-2
904:Vishnudharmottara
878:Nymphaea nouchali
851:Vishnudharmottara
532:, as well as the
516:conquered heaven.
489:Aitareya Brahmana
241:), also known as
224:
223:
3347:
3340:Rigvedic deities
3320:Beauty goddesses
2979:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2844:
2504:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2318:
2303:
2282:
2258:
2247:
2226:
2215:. Balboa Press.
2205:
2184:
2163:
2142:
2131:
2110:
2098:
2077:
2056:
2035:
2014:
1993:
1972:
1951:
1930:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1850:
1829:
1808:
1797:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1542:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1263:
1257:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1098:
1092:
1068:
1065:
1047:. Born to asura
1039:In the Buddhist
1016:
1012:
1009:
834:
822:
720:Bhagavata Purana
633:Bhagavata Purana
561:Bhagavata Purana
496:Epic and Puranic
67:
66: 1500–1600
64:
60:
38:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3325:Hindu goddesses
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3285:
3269:
3199:
3149:
3091:
3052:Tripura Sundari
3028:
2980:
2971:
2889:
2876:
2871:
2841:
2836:
2832:Hindu mythology
2818:
2729:
2647:
2505:
2496:
2364:
2355:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2285:
2279:
2261:
2250:
2244:
2229:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2074:
2059:
2053:
2038:
2032:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1933:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1870:
1853:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1811:
1800:
1794:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1760:
1758:
1757:. 12 April 2009
1749:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1329:Lochtefeld 2001
1327:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1281:
1273:
1266:
1258:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1189:
1182:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1101:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1014:
1010:
1004:Panch Kalyanaka
989:
959:Hindu astrology
920:Purva Karangama
881:) in her hand.
861:santana-manjari
854:, archeologist
842:
841:
840:
839:
838:
835:
827:
826:
823:
812:
758:
752:
709:Samudra Manthan
506:Raja Ravi Varma
498:
435:
430:
409:) – 'beautiful'
320:
69:
65:
51:
34:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3353:
3351:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Devi Upanishad
3240:
3235:
3233:Sita Upanishad
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3101:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2786:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2741:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2487:
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2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2374:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2310:
2309:External links
2307:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2283:
2277:
2263:Goswamy, B. N.
2259:
2248:
2242:
2236:. Penguin UK.
2227:
2221:
2206:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2164:
2158:
2143:
2132:
2126:
2111:
2099:
2093:
2078:
2072:
2057:
2051:
2036:
2030:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1973:
1967:
1952:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1868:
1851:
1845:
1830:
1824:
1818:. Penguin UK.
1809:
1798:
1792:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1742:
1740:, p. 487.
1730:
1728:, p. 245.
1718:
1703:
1677:
1667:
1647:
1643:Kalomiris 2019
1635:
1609:
1607:, p. 165.
1597:
1585:
1583:, p. 385.
1570:
1568:, p. 520.
1558:
1543:
1541:, p. 159.
1528:
1526:, p. 739.
1516:
1514:, p. 156.
1504:
1502:, p. 775.
1492:
1480:
1478:, p. 136.
1468:
1456:
1452:Mukherjee 1999
1444:
1442:, p. 399.
1432:
1430:, p. 330.
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1367:, p. 126.
1357:
1355:, p. 660.
1345:
1343:, p. 516.
1333:
1331:, p. 297.
1318:
1306:
1304:, p. 166.
1291:
1279:
1277:, p. 969.
1264:
1245:
1233:
1218:
1216:, p. 158.
1206:
1204:, p. 109.
1187:
1180:
1160:
1158:, p. 164.
1145:
1143:, p. 989.
1130:
1128:, p. 141.
1118:
1099:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1017:, painting in
988:
985:
836:
829:
828:
824:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
811:
808:
791:Devi Mahatmyam
782:Devi Mahatmyam
754:Main article:
751:
748:
648:Hiranyakashipu
512:after his son
497:
494:
434:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
382:
319:
316:
222:
221:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
182:
178:
177:
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172:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
121:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
97:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
61:
53:
52:
46:
43:
42:
27:Indrani (name)
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3352:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3223:Kalika Purana
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3213:Devi Mahatmya
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Tulja Bhavani
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3155:Shakta pithas
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Chandraghanta
3113:
3111:
3110:Brahmacharini
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Bhuvaneshvari
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2797:Bhagavad Gita
2794:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:Other deities
2650:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:Hindu deities
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2295:
2292:. Routledge.
2291:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:. Routledge.
2172:
2171:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:. Routledge.
2086:
2085:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:. Routledge.
2002:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1947:81-250-1699-6
1943:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:Daniélou 1991
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:Appleton 2016
1710:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:, p. 89.
1242:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:Daniélou 1991
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:, p. 17.
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
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1054:
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1031:
1024:
1020:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
984:
982:
978:
974:
973:
972:Harshacharita
968:
964:
960:
956:
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951:
946:
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868:
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857:
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847:
833:
821:
809:
807:
805:
804:
803:Varaha Purana
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
777:
775:
771:
762:
757:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:and his wife
725:
721:
717:
716:
715:Vishnu Purana
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
694:
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688:
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680:
676:
672:
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663:
659:
655:
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649:
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634:
629:
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623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Lunar dynasty
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
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583:
579:
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571:
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550:and his wife
549:
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293:Lunar dynasty
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233:: इन्द्राणी,
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115:ॐ ऐन्द्री नम:
114:
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102:, Indraloka,
101:
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84:
80:
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50:
47:Queen of the
44:
39:
36:
32:
28:
24:
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3192:
3145:Siddhidhatri
3067:Chhinnamasta
2964:
2811:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2706:Gramadevatas
2640:
2565:
2489:
2288:
2267:
2253:
2232:
2211:
2190:
2169:
2148:
2137:
2116:
2104:
2083:
2062:
2041:
2020:
1999:
1978:
1957:
1936:
1915:
1894:
1873:
1855:
1835:
1814:
1807:. Clarendon.
1803:
1782:
1759:. Retrieved
1754:
1745:
1733:
1726:Goswamy 2014
1721:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1680:
1672:
1657:
1650:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:
1593:Stutley 2019
1588:
1561:
1539:Kinsley 1988
1519:
1512:Kinsley 1988
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1464:Debroy 2017b
1459:
1447:
1435:
1413:Debroy 2017a
1408:
1396:
1391:, p. 6.
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1309:
1282:
1236:
1209:
1170:
1163:
1121:
1114:Kinsley 1988
1095:Chandra 1998
1063:
1038:
1027:
970:
948:
938:
935:Roshen Dalal
932:
927:
923:
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719:
713:
707:
701:
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653:Kanda Purana
651:
640:
638:
632:
593:
586:
559:
558:(gods). The
533:
527:
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519:
487:
481:
475:
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444:
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419:Mahendrani (
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35:
31:Sachi (name)
15:
3188:Mahalakshmi
3105:Shailaputri
3087:Kamalatmika
3077:Bagalamukhi
2790:Mahabharata
2701:Kuladevatas
2480:Vishvakarma
1628:2 September
1377:Debroy 2015
1365:Sarkar 1989
1314:Jordan 2014
1275:Kapoor 2002
1241:Gandhi 1993
1214:Gandhi 1993
1034:Tirthankara
1015: 1680
1011: 1670
863:. The text
687:incarnation
683:Mahabharata
618:Manasarovar
598:Brahmahatya
594:Mahabharata
529:Mahabharata
391:Poulomuja (
82:Affiliation
74:Other names
3314:Categories
3178:Taratarini
3125:Skandamata
2999:Maheshvari
2950:Bhadrakali
2772:Upanishads
2691:Gandharvas
2415:Dattatreya
1605:Dalal 2014
1440:Dalal 2014
1401:Sinha 2020
1302:Dalal 2014
1260:Dalal 2014
1229:Dalal 2014
1156:Dalal 2014
1075:References
1049:Vemacitrin
1041:Pāli Canon
1013: – c.
950:Harivamsha
940:kul devata
740:Narakasura
728:Satyabhama
722:, the god
658:Surapadman
614:Brihaspati
421:Mahendrāṇī
412:Shakrani (
398:Devarani (
322:Like many
23:Shachihoko
3140:Mahagauri
3135:Kalaratri
3130:Katyayani
3120:Kushmanda
3097:Navadurga
3072:Dhumavati
3034:Mahavidya
3009:Vaishnavi
2938:Navadurga
2908:Saraswati
2711:Rakshasas
2581:Mahavidya
2524:Saraswati
2511:Goddesses
2440:Kartikeya
2152:. Cosmo.
1428:Mani 1975
1389:Mani 1975
1353:Mani 1975
1341:Mani 1975
1287:Muir 1870
1080:Citations
1023:Rajasthan
975:mentions
947:. In the
795:Raktabija
732:Amaravati
671:Arundhati
582:Kartikeya
453:John Muir
407:Cārudhārā
393:Poulomujā
384:Poulomi (
285:Vritasura
176:Genealogy
170:Navaratri
166:Festivals
100:Amaravati
3294:Hinduism
3173:Kamakhya
3168:Kalighat
3062:Bhairavi
3024:Chamunda
2994:Brahmani
2986:Matrikas
2945:Mahakali
2903:Mahadevi
2874:Shaktism
2827:Hinduism
2783:Ramayana
2725:Yakshini
2631:Shashthi
2591:Matrikas
2576:Mahadevi
2378:Trimurti
2265:(2014).
1761:29 April
1581:Rao 1997
1000:Airavata
977:Charanas
945:Vidarbha
875:flower (
846:Airavata
770:Shaktism
756:Matrikas
730:visited
698:Parijata
679:Draupadi
641:Ramayana
578:Devasena
548:Kashyapa
523:Ramayana
514:Meghnada
400:Devarāṇī
377:Aindri (
312:Buddhism
304:Shaktism
263:Hinduism
247:Sanskrit
231:Sanskrit
218:Shashthi
214:Devasena
202:Children
187:(father)
152:Airavata
132:Trishula
3194:More...
3082:Matangi
3019:Indrani
3004:Kaumari
2918:Parvati
2913:Lakshmi
2885:History
2777:Puranas
2765:Atharva
2734:Texts (
2721:Yakshas
2716:Vahanas
2686:Dikpāla
2659:Apsaras
2611:Rukmini
2586:Matangi
2534:Parvati
2529:Lakshmi
2519:Tridevi
2445:Krishna
2425:Hanuman
2420:Ganesha
2410:Chandra
2405:Ashvins
2321:Indrani
1773:Sources
955:Rukmini
924:kalpaka
915:ankusha
787:Shaktis
774:Matrika
744:Dvaraka
724:Krishna
622:Agastya
590:Nahusha
570:Jayanti
566:Jayanta
540:Puloman
535:Puranas
469:Rigveda
464:Rigveda
457:Rigveda
448:Rigveda
414:Śakrāṇī
386:Poulomī
328:Indrāṇī
308:Jainism
300:Matrika
289:Nahusha
270:Puloman
249:: शची,
239:Indrāṇī
227:Indrani
210:Jayanti
206:Jayanta
192:Consort
185:Puloman
181:Parents
41:Indrani
3299:Tantra
3163:Bimala
3014:Varahi
2928:Shakti
2681:Devata
2674:Danava
2669:Daitya
2664:Asuras
2626:Shakti
2616:Sanjna
2606:Rohini
2566:Shachi
2551:Chhaya
2470:Varuna
2460:Shasta
2450:Kubera
2388:Vishnu
2383:Brahma
2296:
2275:
2240:
2219:
2198:
2177:
2156:
2124:
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2070:
2049:
2028:
2007:
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1965:
1944:
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1881:
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1696:2 June
1665:
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963:Shukra
928:vahana
899:vahana
894:kirita
872:utpala
700:tree (
681:. The
677:, and
667:Rohini
662:Shasta
645:Daitya
602:Vritra
574:Shukra
510:Ravana
379:Aindrī
371:Shachi
367:Shakti
363:Shachi
355:Shachi
339:Shachi
243:Shachi
161:Female
158:Gender
141:Sunday
128:Astras
120:Weapon
111:Mantra
104:Svarga
90:Shakti
3330:Indra
3205:Texts
2955:Radha
2933:Durga
2760:Yajur
2745:Vedas
2596:Radha
2561:Ganga
2556:Durga
2546:Bhumi
2541:Aditi
2465:Surya
2430:Indra
2393:Shiva
2362:texts
2106:fifth
1055:Notes
1045:Śakra
1019:LACMA
996:Indra
967:rajas
890:vajra
886:mudra
736:Aditi
606:devas
556:devas
544:asura
542:, an
433:Vedic
351:shach
332:Indra
324:Vedic
278:Indra
274:devas
267:asura
259:devas
196:Indra
147:Mount
124:Vajra
96:Abode
49:Devas
3047:Tara
3042:Kali
2966:More
2960:Sita
2923:Sati
2895:Devi
2813:more
2755:Sama
2736:list
2696:Gana
2642:more
2636:Sita
2621:Sati
2601:Rati
2571:Kali
2491:more
2485:Yama
2475:Vayu
2455:Rama
2435:Kama
2400:Agni
2370:Gods
2360:and
2294:ISBN
2273:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2217:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2175:ISBN
2154:ISBN
2122:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2068:ISBN
2047:ISBN
2026:ISBN
2005:ISBN
1984:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1921:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1820:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1763:2021
1698:2021
1663:ISBN
1630:2024
1176:ISBN
1030:Jain
981:puja
800:The
718:and
675:Sita
552:Danu
526:and
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359:shak
343:Śacī
310:and
255:Śacī
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235:IAST
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1864:660
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