Jealousy - Knowledge (XXG)

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interactive contributions to the distress experienced. Security within the relationship also heavily contributes to one's level of distress. These findings imply that psychological and cultural mechanisms regarding sex differences may play a larger role than expected. The attachment theory also claims to reveal how infants' attachment patterns are the basis for self-report measures of adult attachment. Although there are no sex differences in childhood attachment, individuals with dismissing behavior were more concerned with the sexual aspect of relationships. As a coping mechanism these individuals would report sexual infidelity as more harmful. Moreover, research shows that audit attachment styles strongly conclude with the type of infidelity that occurred. Thus psychological and cultural mechanisms are implied as unvarying differences in jealousy that play a role in sexual attachment.

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would be shown on the show. While the other people who do not spend time watching reality dating shows did not mirror the same ideas. This means if someone watches a reality dating show that displays men and women reacting violently or aggressively towards their partner due to jealousy they can mirror that. This is reflected in romantic movies as well. Jessica R. Frampton conducted a study looking into romantic jealousy in movies. The study found that there were "230 instances of romantic jealousy were identified in the 51 top-grossing romantic comedies from 2002–2014" Some of the films did not display romantic jealousy however, some featured many examples of romantic jealousy. This was due to the fact that some of the top-grossing movies did not contain a rival or romantic competition. While others such as

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consider for jealousy the life stage or experience one encounters in reference to the diverse responses to infidelity available. Research states that a componential view of jealousy consist of specific set of emotions that serve the reproductive role. However, research shows that both men and women would be equally angry and point the blame for sexual infidelity, but women would be more hurt by emotional infidelity. Despite this fact, anger surfaces when both parties involved are responsible for some type of uncontrollable behavior, sexual conduct is not exempt. Some behavior and actions are controllable such as sexual behavior. However hurt feelings are activated by relationship deviation. No evidence is known to be sexually

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infidelities but were more hurt by emotional infidelity. Jealousy is composed of lower-level emotional states (e.g., anger and hurt) which may be triggered by a variety of events, not by differences in individuals' life stage. Although research has recognized the importance of early childhood experiences for the development of competence in intimate relationships, early family environment is recently being examined as we age). Research on self-esteem and attachment theory suggest that individuals internalize early experiences within the family which subconsciously translates into their personal view of worth of themselves and the value of being close to other individuals, especially in an interpersonal relationship.

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effort in taking care of someone else's offspring. There are, additionally, cultural or social explanations of the origin of jealousy. According to one, the narrative from which jealousy arises can be in great part made by the imagination. Imagination is strongly affected by a person's cultural milieu. The pattern of reasoning, the way one perceives situations, depends strongly on cultural context. It has elsewhere been suggested that jealousy is in fact a secondary emotion in reaction to one's needs not being met, be those needs for attachment, attention, reassurance or any other form of care that would be otherwise expected to arise from that primary romantic relationship.

1708: 1948: 1639:, subsequent actions and events, and ultimately the resolution of the episode. The narrative can originate from experienced facts, thoughts, perceptions, memories, but also imagination, guesses and assumptions. The more society and culture matter in the formation of these factors, the more jealousy can have a social and cultural origin. By contrast, jealousy can be a "cognitively impenetrable state", where education and rational belief matter very little. 1666:

others. Jealousy is linked to aggression and low self-esteem. Research by Sybil Hart, PhD, at Texas Tech University indicates that children are capable of feeling and displaying jealousy at as young as six months. Infants showed signs of distress when their mothers focused their attention on a lifelike doll. This research could explain why children and infants show distress when a sibling is born, creating the foundation for sibling rivalry.

1502:, where the expression 'jealousy' applies to a broad range of passions, from envy to lust and greed. While this kind of usage blurs the boundaries between categories that are intellectually valuable and psychologically justifiable, such confusion is understandable in that historical explorations of the term indicate that these boundaries have long posed problems. Margot Grzywacz's fascinating etymological survey of the word in Romance and 1555:

Andersen have proposed the same distinction. They claim the jealous person "perceives that he or she possesses a valued relationship, but is in danger of losing it or at least of having it altered in an undesirable manner," whereas the envious person "does not possess a valued commodity, but wishes to possess it." Gerrod Parrott draws attention to the distinct thoughts and feelings that occur in jealousy and envy.

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jealousy. The survey found that Thais are less likely to express jealousy than the other three cultures. This is because the men in these cultures are rewarded in a way for showing jealousy due to the fact that some women interpret it as love. This can also be seen when watching romantic comedies when males show they are jealous of a rival or emotionally jealous women perceive it as men caring more.

41: 5167: 5161: 694: 689: 1284: 1723:” Different from sexual jealousy, romantic jealousy is triggered by threats to self and relationship (rather than sexual interest in another person). Factors, such as feelings of inadequacy as a partner, sexual exclusivity, and having put relatively more effort into the relationship, are positively correlated to relationship jealousy in both genders. 1856:. Fearing that their partner will experience sexual jealousy the person who has been unfaithful may lie about their actions in order to protect their partner. Experts often believe that sexual jealousy is in fact a biological imperative. It may be part of a mechanism by which humans and other animals ensure access to the best reproductive partners. 1665:

Jealousy in children and teenagers has been observed more often in those with low self-esteem and can evoke aggressive reactions. One such study suggested that developing intimate friends can be followed by emotional insecurity and loneliness in some children when those intimate friends interact with

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distinguishes between jealousy and envy on the ground that jealousy involves the wish to keep what one has, and envy the wish to get what one does not have. Thus, a child is jealous of her parents' attention to a sibling, but envious of her friend's new bicycle. Psychologists Laura Guerrero and Peter

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A second possibility that the JSIM effect is not innate but is cultural. Differences have been highlighted in socio-economic status specific such as the divide between high school and collegiate individuals. Moreover, individuals of both genders were angrier and blamed their partners more for sexual

1863:. In the period around and shortly before ovulation, males are found to display more mate-retention tactics, which are linked to jealousy. Furthermore, a male is more likely to employ mate-retention tactics if their partner shows more interest in other males, which is more likely to occur in the pre- 1821:

While some of these communicative responses are destructive and aggressive, e.g., distributive communication and active distancing, some individuals respond to jealousy in a more constructive way. Integrative communication, compensatory restoration, and negative affect expression have been shown to

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There are two subsets of communicative responses: interactive responses and general behavior responses. Interactive responses is face-to-face and partner-directed while general behavior responses may not occur interactively. Guerrero and colleagues further categorize multiple types of communicative

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Perhaps the overlapping use of jealousy and envy occurs because people can experience both at the same time. A person may envy the characteristics or possessions of someone who also happens to be a romantic rival. In fact, one may even interpret romantic jealousy as a form of envy. A jealous person

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A study was done in order to cross examine jealousy among four different cultures, Ireland, Thailand, India and the United States. These cultures were chosen to demonstrate differences in expression across cultures. The study posits that male-dominant cultures are more likely to express and reveal

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can influence the situations that trigger jealousy and the manner in which jealousy is expressed. Attitudes toward jealousy can also change within a culture over time. For example, attitudes toward jealousy changed substantially during the 1960s and 1970s in the United States. People in the United

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is that the emotion evolved in order to maximize the success of our genes: it is a biologically based emotion selected to foster the certainty about the paternity of one's own offspring. A jealous behavior, in women, is directed into avoiding sexual betrayal and a consequent waste of resources and

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People do not express jealousy through a single emotion or a single behavior. They instead express jealousy through diverse emotions and behaviors, which makes it difficult to form a scientific definition of jealousy. Scientists instead define it in their own words, as illustrated by the following

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A study done by Ferris, Smith, Greenberg, and Smith looked into the way people saw dating and romantic relationships based on how many reality dating shows they watched. People who spent a large amount of time watching these reality dating shows "endorsed" or supported the "dating attitudes" that

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Parrott acknowledges that people can experience envy and jealousy at the same time. Feelings of envy about a rival can even intensify the experience of jealousy. Still, the differences between envy and jealousy in terms of thoughts and feelings justify their distinction in philosophy and science.

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These definitions of jealousy share two basic themes. First, all the definitions imply a triad composed of a jealous individual, a partner, and a perception of a third party or rival. Second, all the definitions describe jealousy as a reaction to a perceived threat to the relationship between two

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A study by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, replicated jealousy studies done on humans on canines. They reported, in a paper published in PLOS ONE in 2014, that a significant number of dogs exhibited jealous behaviors when their human companions paid attention to dog-like

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was said to contain "19 instances of romantic jealousy." Out of the 230 instances 58% were reactive jealousy while 31% showed possessive jealousy. The last 11% displayed anxious jealousy it was seen the least in all 230 cases. Out of the 361 reactions to the jealousy found 53% were found to be

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uncertainty in males, jealousy increases in males over sexual infidelity rather than emotional. According to research more women are likely to be upset by signs of resource withdraw (i.e. another female) than by sexual infidelity. A large amount of data supports this notion. However, one must

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in both college and adult convenience samples. The Jealousy Specific Innate Model (JSIM) proved to not be innate, but may be sensitive to situational factors. As a result, it may only activate at stages. For example, it was predicted that male jealousy decreases as females reproductive values

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theory posits that more men than women ratify sex differences in jealousy. In addition, more women over men consider emotional infidelity (fear of abandonment) as more distressing than sexual infidelity. According to the attachment theory, sex and attachment style makes significant and unique

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As romantic jealousy is a complicated reaction that has multiple components, i.e., thoughts, feelings, and actions, one aspect of romantic jealousy that is under study is communicative responses. Communicative responses serve three critical functions in a romantic relationship, i.e., reducing

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Researchers also believe that when jealousy is experienced it can be caused by differences in understanding the commitment level of the couple, rather than directly being caused by biology alone. The research identified that if a person valued long-term relationships more than being sexually

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Through a study conducted in three Spanish-Speaking countries, it was determined that Facebook jealousy also exists. This Facebook jealousy ultimately leads to increased relationship jealousy and study participants also displayed decreased self esteem as a result of the Facebook jealousy.

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Jealousy in religion examines how the scriptures and teachings of various religions deal with the topic of jealousy. Religions may be compared and contrasted on how they deal with two issues: concepts of divine jealousy, and rules about the provocation and expression of human jealousy.

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lead to positive relation outcomes. One factor that affects the type of communicative responses elicited in an individual is emotions. Jealousy anger is associated with more aggressive communicative response while irritation tends to lead to more constructive communicative behaviors.

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a complex of thoughts, feelings, and actions that follow threats to self-esteem and/or threats to the existence or quality of the relationship when those threats are generated by the perception of a real or potential romantic attraction between one's partner and a (perhaps imaginary)

1991:"Destructive responses." Only 19% of responses were constructive while 10% showed avoidant responses. The last 18% were considered "rival focused responses" which lead to the finding that "there was a higher than expected number of rival-focused responses to possessive jealousy." 1900:

Emotional jealousy was predicted to be nine times more responsive in females than in males. The emotional jealousy predicted in females also held turn to state that females experiencing emotional jealousy are more violent than men experiencing emotional jealousy.

1469:"Jealousy is defined as a defensive reaction to a perceived threat to a valued relationship, arising from a situation in which the partner's involvement with an activity and/or another person is contrary to the jealous person's definition of their relationship." 1981:

occur in fiction, films, and other art forms such as painting and sculpture. Jealousy is a common theme in literature, art, theatre, and film. Often, it is presented as a demonstration of particularly deep feelings of love, rather than a destructive obsession.

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Guerrero, L.K., & Andersen, P.A. (1998). The dark side of jealousy and envy: desire, delusion, desperation, and destructive communication. In W.R. Cupach and B.H. Spitzberg (Eds.), The Dark Side of Close Relationships, (pp. ). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

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may envy the affection that their partner gives to a rival – affection the jealous person feels entitled to himself or herself. People often use the word jealousy as a broad label that applies to both experiences of jealousy and experiences of envy.

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Guerrero and colleagues have also proposed five general behavior responses. The five sub-types differ in whether a response is 1) directed at partner or rival(s), 2) directed at discovery or repair, and 3) positively or negatively valenced:

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Guerrero, L.K., Spitzberg, B.H., & Yoshimura, S.M. (2004). Sexual and Emotional Jealousy. In J.H. Harvey, S. Sprecher, and A. Wenzel (Eds.), The Handbook of Sexuality in Close Relationships (pp. 311–345). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum

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people, or a dyad. Jealous reactions typically involve aversive emotions and/or behaviors that are assumed to be protective for their attachment relationships. These themes form the essential meaning of jealousy in most scientific studies.

1458:"Jealousy is conceptualized as a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral response to a relationship threat. In the case of sexual jealousy, this threat emanates from knowing or suspecting that one's partner has had (or desires to have) 3284:

Guerrero, Laura K.; Andersen, Peter A.; Jorgensen, Peter F.; Spitzberg, Brian H.; Eloy, Sylvie V. (1 December 1995). "Coping with the green-eyed monster: Conceptualizing and measuring communicative responses to romantic jealousy".

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Croucher, Stephen M.; Homsey, Dini; Guarino, Linda; Bohlin, Bethany; Trumpetto, Jared; Izzo, Anthony; Huy, Adrienne; Sykes, Tiffany (October 2012). "Jealousy in Four Nations: A Cross-Cultural Analysis".

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uncertainty, maintaining or repairing relationship, and restoring self-esteem. If done properly, communicative responses can lead to more satisfying relationships after experiencing romantic jealousy.

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Although popular culture often uses jealousy and envy as synonyms, modern philosophers and psychologists have argued for conceptual distinctions between jealousy and envy. For example, philosopher

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Sexual jealousy may be triggered when a person's partner displays sexual interest in another person. The feeling of jealousy may be just as powerful if one partner suspects the other is guilty of

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and/or threats to the existence or quality of the relationship, when those threats are generated by the perception of potential attraction between one's partner and a (perhaps imaginary) rival."

1934:, noted that "dogs are social animals and they obey a group hierarchy. Changes in the home, like the arrival of a baby, can prompt a family pet to behave differently to what one might expect." 1476:"Jealousy is triggered by the threat of separation from, or loss of, a romantic partner, when that threat is attributed to the possibility of the partner's romantic interest in another person." 1420: 1930:

In addition, Jealousy has been speculated to be a potential factor in incidences of aggression or emotional tension in dogs. Mellissa Starling, an animal behavior consultant of the

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had reported that "the weight of quotable (male) authority is to the effect that women are more susceptible to jealousy". This claim was accompanied in the journal by a quote from

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Jealousy involves an entire "emotional episode" including a complex narrative. This includes the circumstances that lead up to jealousy, jealousy itself as emotion, any attempt at

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as young as five months. Some researchers claim that jealousy is seen in all cultures and is a universal trait. However, others claim jealousy is a culture-specific emotion.

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asserts, indeed, that the concept was one of those that proved to be the most difficult to express in language and was therefore among the last to find an unambiguous term.

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now also taking on the definition originally used for envy alone. These two emotions are often confused with each other, since they tend to appear in the same situation.

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with a third party. In the case of emotional jealousy, an individual feels threatened by her or his partner's emotional involvement with and/or love for a third party."

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Ferris, Amber L.; Smith, Sandi W.; Greenberg, Bradley S.; Smith, Stacy L. (13 August 2007). "The Content of Reality Dating Shows and Viewer Perceptions of Dating".

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Bevan, Jennifer L.; Lannutti, Pamela J. (1 June 2002). "The experience and expression of romantic jealousy in same-sex and opposite-sex romantic relationships".

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Levy, Kenneth N., Kelly, Kristen M Feb 2010; Sex Differences in Jealousy: A Contribution From Attachment Theory Psychological Science, vol. 21: pp. 168–173

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Frampton, Jessica R.; Linvill, Darren L. (31 July 2017). "Green on the Screen: Types of Jealousy and Communicative Responses to Jealousy in Romantic Comedies".

1407:'s use of terms like "green-eyed monster", the color green has been associated with jealousy and envy, from which the expression "green with envy", is derived. 655: 2794: 2735: 2102:

Rydell, Robert J.; McConnell, Allen R.; Bringle, Robert G. (2004). "Jealousy and commitment: Perceived threat and the effect of relationship alternatives".

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and sexual satisfaction. Studies have also shown that jealousy sometimes heightens passion towards partners and increases the intensity of passionate sex.

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States adopted much more negative views about jealousy. As men and women became more equal it became less appropriate or acceptable to express jealousy.

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responses of romantic jealousy. Interactive responses can be broken down to six types falling in different places on continua of threat and directness:

1514:, without strictly differentiating between envy and jealousy. It was not until the postclassical era that Latin borrowed the late and poetic Greek word 3638:"Changes in women's sexual interest and their partner's mate retention tactics across the menstrual cycle: evidence for shifting conflicts of interest" 1221: 1494:. Many dictionary definitions include a reference to envy or envious feelings. In fact, the overlapping use of jealousy and envy has a long history. 4455: 3355:

Bringle, Robert G; Renner, Patricia; Terry, Roger L; Davis, Susan (1 September 1983). "An analysis of situation and person components of jealousy".

1451:"Jealousy, then, is any aversive reaction that occurs as the result of a partner's extradyadic relationship that is considered likely to occur." 2172: 4186: 2932: 2129:

Green, Melanie; Sabin, John (2006). "Gender, Socioeconomic Status, age and jealousy: Emotional responses to infidelity in a national sample".

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Green, M. C.; Sabini, J. (2006). "Gender, socioeconomic status, age, and jealousy: Emotional responses to infidelity in a national sample".

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Hart, S. L. & Legerstee, M. (Eds.) "Handbook of Jealousy: Theory, Research, and Multidisciplinary Approaches" . Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Tagler, M. J. (2010). "Sex differences in jealousy: Comparing the influence of previous infidelity among college students and adults".

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Guerrero, Laura K.; Trost, Melanie R.; Yoshimura, Stephen M. (1 June 2005). "Romantic jealousy: Emotions and communicative responses".

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Tagler, M. J.; Gentry, R. H. (2011). "Gender, jealousy, and attachment: A (more) thorough examination across measures and samples".

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Hart, S.; Carrington, H.; Tronick, E. Z.; Carroll, S. (2004). "When infants lose exclusive maternal attention: Is it jealousy?".

735: 2200:. Paper presented in a symposium convened for the XIIth Biennial International Conference on Infant Studies (ICIS), 16–19 July, 5480: 1329:

play an important role in determining what triggers jealousy and what constitutes socially acceptable expressions of jealousy.

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Throughout history, artists have also explored the theme of jealousy in paintings, films, songs, plays, poems, and books, and

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have proposed several models to study the processes underlying jealousy and have identified factors that result in jealousy.

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Bevan, J.L. (2004). "General partner and relational uncertainty as consequences of another person's jealousy expression".

1317:, and it is often reinforced as a series of particularly strong emotions and constructed as a universal human experience. 1214: 381: 5673: 4448: 641: 3198:"Cognitive Analytic Therapy for Obsessive Morbid Jealousy: A Case Series | Scinapse | Academic search engine for paper" 6016: 5840: 5596: 1897:: "The five worst maladies that afflict the female mind are indocility, discontent, slander, jealousy and silliness." 1826:

exclusive, those individuals were more likely to demonstrate jealousy over emotional rather than physical infidelity.

1658:, some authors on sexuality have argued that jealousy in manageable dimensions can have a definite positive effect on 2846:

Smith, R.H.; Kim, S.H.; Parrott, W.G. (1988). "Envy and jealousy: Semantic problems and experiential distinctions".

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Margot Grzywacz, "Eifersucht" in den romanischen Sprachen (Bochum-Langendreer, Germany: H. Pöppinghaus, 1937), p. 4

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It seems that male jealousy in heterosexual relationships may be influenced by their female partner's phase in her

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Moyano, Nieves; Sánchez-Fuentes, María del Mar; Chiriboga, Ariana; Flórez-Donado, Jennifer (2 October 2017).

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Shackelford, T.K.; Voracek, M.; Schmitt, D.P.; Buss, D.M.; Weekes-Shackelford, V.A.; Michalski, R.L. (2004).

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There are distinct emotional responses to gender differences in romantic relationships. For example, due to

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would be known as "tolerating no unfaithfulness" while in middle English zealous is good. One origin word

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Buunk, Bram; Hupka, Ralph B (1987). "Cross-Cultural Differences in the Elicitation of Sexual Jealousy".

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Romantic jealousy can appear when we perceive attention between a romantic interest and a third person.

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Rival Contacts (rival-targeted, discovery-oriented/repair-oriented, commonly negatively valenced).

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Buss DM (December 2001), "Human nature and culture: an evolutionary psychological perspective",

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Pines, A.; Aronson, E. (1983). "Antecedents, correlates, and consequences of sexual jealousy".

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Sharpsteen, D.J.; Kirkpatrick, L.A. (1997). "Romantic jealousy and adult romantic attachment".

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Surveillance/ Restriction (rival-targeted, discovery-oriented, commonly negatively valenced).

1695: 1377:), sometimes "jealousy", but more often in a positive sense "emulation, ardour, zeal" (with a 1157: 1072: 1062: 1002: 907: 872: 724: 672: 607: 577: 512: 239: 214: 69: 2408: 1340:

have offered religious views of jealousy based on the scriptures of their respective faiths.

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Compensatory Restoration (partner-targeted, repair-oriented, commonly positively valenced).

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White, G.L. (1981). "Jealousy and partner's perceived motives for attraction to a rival".

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Parrot, W.G.; Smith, R.H. (1993). "Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy".

4419: 3876: 3600: 2921:(Ed.), The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy (pp. 3–29). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. 1498:

The terms are used indiscriminately in such popular 'feel-good' books as Nancy Friday's

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Bram Buunk, B. (1984). Jealousy as related to attributions for the partner's behavior.

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Draghi-Lorenz, R. (2000). Five-month-old infants can be jealous: Against cognitivist

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have identified factors that may unconsciously influence the expression of jealousy.

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toys, compared to when their human companions paid attention to non-social objects.

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Hart, S (2004). "When infants lose exclusive maternal attention: Is it jealousy?".

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The scene of a jealous wife when her husband committed an affair was shown on the

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Lloyd, R. (1995). Closer & Closer Apart: Jealousy in Literature. Ithaca, NY:

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Manipulation Attempts (partner-targeted, repair-oriented, negatively valenced).

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Salovey, Peter; Rodin, Judith (1 March 1988). "Coping with Envy and Jealousy".

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Example: tricking partner to test loyalty; trying to make partner feel guilty.

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Ill will towards envied person often accompanied by guilt about these feelings

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Clanton, G. & Smith, L. (1977) Jealousy. New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Inc.

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Parrott, W.G. (1992). The emotional experiences of envy and jealousy. In

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Woman displaying jealousy while imagining her partner with another woman

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Rydell RJ, Bringle RG Differentiating reactive and suspicious jealousy

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Curling, Louise; Kellett, Stephen; Totterdell, Peter (December 2018).

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Hart, S.; Carrington, H. (2002). "Jealousy in six-month-old infants".

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Bringle, R.G. & Buunk, B.P. (1991). Extradyadic relationships and

2173:"What Is the Difference Between Envy and Jealousy? | Psychology Today" 19:"Green-Eyed Monster" and "Jealous" redirect here. For other uses, see 5794: 5668: 5002: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4834: 4781: 4640: 4555: 4208: 3238:

White, Gregory L. (1 December 1981). "A model of romantic jealousy".

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The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy is as Necessary as Love and Sex

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Romantic jealousy: Understanding and conquering the shadow of love

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Example: observing rival; trying to restrict contact with partner.

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Negative Affect Expression (medium threat and medium directness).

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Kristjansson, K. (2002). Justifying Emotions: Pride and Jealousy.

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Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals.

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Emotions and sexuality. In K. McKinney and S. Sprecher (Eds.),

2990:"Envy and jealousy as discrete emotions: A taxometric analysis" 1272:, though the two terms have popularly become synonymous in the 5649:

Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems

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The Osprey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry at UNF Digital Commons

2449:"Jealousy as a Specific Emotion: The Dynamic Functional Model" 1877:

The Osprey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry at UNF Digital Commons

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Distributive Communication (high threat and high directness).

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Gangestad, S. W., Thornhill, R., & Garver, C. E. (2002).

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Integrative Communication (low threat and high directness).

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meant "Possessive and suspicious" the word then turned into

3919:"Dog Jealousy: What it is, Why it Happens, and How to Help" 1715:

Romantic jealousy arises as a result of romantic interest.

1770:

Example: acting rude; making hurtful or abrasive comments.

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Harris, Christine R.; Prouvost, Caroline (23 July 2014).

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Active Distancing (medium threat and medium directness).

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Example: explaining feelings; calmly questioning partner.

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Haselton, Martie G.; Gangestad, Steven W. (April 2006).

3089:(pp. 49–70). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2435:

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal

2278:"Romantic jealousy in early adulthood and in later life" 2075:

Pistole, Johthan; Roberts, Carole; Mosko, Amber (2010).

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Popular culture uses the word jealousy as a synonym for

3113:"Study links jealousy with aggression, low self-esteem" 4224:

Warrior-King of Shambhala: Remembering Chögyam Trungpa

2518:"Scientists pinpoint jealousy in the monogamous brain" 2122:

Lyhda, Belcher (2009). " Different Types of Jealousy"

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Example: becoming silent; pretending nothing is wrong.

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One possible explanation of the origin of jealousy in

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Jealousy can consist of one or more emotions such as

1245:, and concern over a relative lack of possessions or 2988:

Haslam, Nick; Bornstein, Brian H. (September 1996).

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy

1522:. It is from this adjective that are derived French 5944: 5864: 5823: 5767: 5236: 5174: 4476: 2214:Hart, S (2002). "Jealousy in 6-month-old infants". 1694:have claimed that jealousy varies across cultures. 3037:"The Evolutionary Psychology of Envy and Jealousy" 3035:Ramachandran, Vilayanur S.; Jalal, Baland (2017). 1614:Desire to possess the attractive rival's qualities 3750:"Romantic jealousy and adult romantic attachment" 2392:Jealousy: Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice 5044: 3748:Sharpsteen, Don J.; Kirkpatrick, Lee A. (1997). 1764:Example: venting frustration; crying or sulking. 1571:Suspicion of or anger about a perceived betrayal 1237:generally refers to the thoughts or feelings of 4334:Pistole, M.; Roberts, A.; Mosko, J. E. (2010). 4232:Pistole, M.; Roberts, A.; Mosko, J. E. (2010). 1879:(2004), the Parental Investment Model based on 1574:Low self-esteem and sadness over perceived loss 4919: 4175:Gut Reactions: A Perceptual Theory of Emotions 1871:Contemporary views on gender-based differences 1814:Violent Behavior (-, -, negatively valenced). 5745: 4449: 1580:Fear of losing an important person to another 1215: 649: 8: 5223: 5062: 5053: 4820: 4363:Social Psychological and Personality Science 3754:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3684:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3621:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2795:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2736:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1325:have demonstrated that cultural beliefs and 5722:indicate emotion names in foreign languages 4786: 2447:Chung, Mingi; Harris, Christine R. (2018). 5752: 5738: 5730: 4456: 4442: 4434: 2849:Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1669:In addition to traditional jealousy comes 1222: 1208: 667: 656: 642: 208: 65: 35: 4351: 4316: 4249: 4161:The Emotions, A Philosophical Exploration 3894: 3884: 3661: 3521: 3430: 3322:Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 3062: 3052: 2359: 2293: 2092: 4218:Quoting Jeremy Hayward from his book on 2390:White, G.L., & Mullen, P.E. (1989). 1946: 1389:"; or "yeast"). The "biblical language" 4340:Journal of Counseling & Development 4238:Journal of Counseling & Development 3717:Rydell, McConnell, Bringle 2004, p. 10. 3476:The Osprey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry 2565: 2563: 2522:Science & research news | Frontiers 2164: 2081:Journal of Counseling & Development 1620:Sadness towards other's accomplishments 679: 270: 202: 127: 68: 38: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4046: 3677: 3614: 3580:Burriss, R., & Little, A. (2006). 1650:While mainstream psychology considers 4291:Rauer, A. J.; Volling, B. L. (2007). 4185:Staff, P.T. (January–February 1994), 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 3279: 3277: 2931:Staff, P.T. (January–February 1994), 7: 3202:Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 1810:Example: sending flowers to partner. 1298:Jealousy is a typical experience in 2410:The Psychology of Jealousy and Envy 1778:(high threat and high directness). 21:Green-Eyed Monster (disambiguation) 5936:Narcissistic Personality Inventory 4392:Journal of Research in Personality 4353:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00003.x 4251:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00003.x 4193:, Document ID 1544, archived from 3730:The American Journal of Psychology 3609:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.01.002 3357:Journal of Research in Personality 2975:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00857.x 2939:, Document ID 1544, archived from 2094:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00003.x 1890:The American Journal of Psychology 14: 5872:Narcissistic personality disorder 3470:Ammon, Rebecca (1 January 2004). 3087:Sexuality, in close relationships 1875:According to Rebecca L. Ammon in 1744:(low threat and low directness). 1363:(full of zeal), in turn from the 5978: 5977: 5165: 5159: 4309:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00168.x 4009:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00354.x 3642:Proceedings. Biological Sciences 3396:10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00113.x 3287:Western Journal of Communication 2700:Western Journal of Communication 2116:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00092.x 1959:catching his older lover with a 692: 687: 39: 4163:. Oxford University Press, 2000 3502:Sexual and Relationship Therapy 3102:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2394:. New York, NY: Guilford Press. 1979:Artistic depictions of jealousy 1348:The word stems from the French 4112:Communication Research Reports 4059:Southern Communication Journal 3555:The Journal of Sexual Research 3419:Communication Research Reports 2413:. Guilford Press. p. 61. 1780:Example: using physical force. 1758:Example: decreasing affection. 1302:, and it has been observed in 1260:, inadequacy, helplessness or 1: 4168:Emotions in Social Psychology 4071:10.1080/1041794x.2017.1347701 3514:10.1080/14681994.2017.1397946 2545:, Online Etymology Dictionary 1968: 1675:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder 1562:for many people may involve: 1518:and the associated adjective 5768:Similar personality concepts 5674:Social emotional development 4124:10.1080/08824096.2012.723273 3886:10.1371/journal.pone.0094597 3589:Evolution and Human Behavior 3369:10.1016/0092-6566(83)90026-0 2898:of Harvard University Press. 2894:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1356:(jealous), and further from 5945:Related psychology concepts 4920: 3969:Ting, Inga (22 June 2015). 3923:The Dog People by Rover.com 3813:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2005.10.006 2642:Social Psychology Quarterly 1798:Example: confronting rival. 1605:Resentment of circumstances 1264:. In its original meaning, 6038: 4187:"A devastating difference" 3766:10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.627 3707:. All Volumes (2001–2008). 3699:Ammon, Rebecca L. (2004). 2933:"A devastating difference" 2808:10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906 2749:10.1037/0022-3514.72.3.627 1998: 1837: 1687:Social aspects of jealousy 1684: 1577:Uncertainty and loneliness 1369: 18: 5975: 5894:Manipulation (psychology) 5717: 5157: 4404:10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.006 4276:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.330 4209:Jealousy among the Sangha 3975:The Sydney Morning Herald 3849:Green, Sabini 2006, p. 11 3567:10.1080/00224498709551338 3441:10.1080/08824090209384854 3299:10.1080/10570319509374523 3183:10.1207/s15327078in0601_3 3148:10.1207/s15327078in0303_6 2712:10.1080/10570310409374796 2488:"A Sociology of Jealousy" 2304:10.1007/s12110-004-1010-z 2263:10.1207/s15327078in0601_3 2228:10.1207/s15327078in0303_6 2143:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.330 1988:Forgetting Sarah Marshall 1943:In fiction, film, and art 1673:, which can be a form of 1558:The common experience of 25:Jealousy (disambiguation) 5607:in virtual communication 4375:10.1177/1948550610374367 4170:. Psychology Press, 2001 3997:Journal of Communication 3334:10.1521/jscp.1988.7.1.15 3054:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01619 2862:10.1177/0146167288142017 2780:Cornell University Press 2486:Clanton, Gordon (1996). 2465:10.1177/1754073918795257 2437:35(8):1099-1114 Jan 2007 2370:10.1111/1467-6494.696171 2062:Relational transgression 2032:with the joy of another. 1816:Example: slamming doors. 29:Jealous (disambiguation) 5865:Pathological narcissism 4426:Encyclopædia Britannica 4179:Oxford University Press 3041:Frontiers in Psychology 2630:Quarterly, 47, 107–112. 2599:, Act III, Scene 3, 170 2336:. New York: Free Press. 2177:www.psychologytoday.com 1727:Communicative responses 1644:evolutionary psychology 1617:Disapproval of feelings 1599:Feelings of inferiority 1309:Jealousy can either be 5224: 5063: 5054: 5045: 4821: 4787: 4429:(11th ed.). 1911. 4297:Personal Relationships 4214:5 January 2009 at the 3654:10.1098/rspb.2001.1952 3384:Personal Relationships 3240:Motivation and Emotion 2994:Motivation and Emotion 2963:Journal of Personality 2104:Personal Relationships 1975: 1849: 1774:Violent Communication/ 1712: 1544: 1479: 1472: 1465: 1454: 1447: 1431: 1295: 720:Emotional intelligence 5831:Collective narcissism 5810:Narcissus (mythology) 3801:Hormones and Behavior 2052:Pathological jealousy 1950: 1847: 1710: 1611:Motivation to improve 1496: 1473: 1466: 1455: 1448: 1437: 1423: 1286: 464:Emotions and feelings 5889:Malignant narcissism 5644:Group affective tone 2001:Jealousy in religion 1932:University of Sydney 1486:Comparison with envy 923:Emotional Detachment 5815:Superiority complex 5697:constructed emotion 5367:functional accounts 4166:W. Gerrod Parrott. 3877:2014PLoSO...994597H 3601:2006EHumB..27..297B 2892:A Theory of Justice 2332:Buss, D.M. (2000). 2047:Inferiority complex 2041:Delusional disorder 1881:parental investment 1654:through jealousy a 1416:Scientific examples 1405:William Shakespeare 1300:human relationships 618:Narcissistic parent 6017:Philosophy of love 5790:Healthy narcissism 5597:in decision-making 4838:(sense of purpose) 3861:"Jealousy in Dogs" 3252:10.1007/BF00992549 3210:10.1037/INT0000122 3098:Pines, A. (1992). 3006:10.1007/bf02251889 2890:Rawls, J. (1971). 2575:www.etymonline.com 1976: 1850: 1718:It is defined as “ 1713: 1671:Obsessive Jealousy 1589:The experience of 1504:Germanic languages 1432: 1429:László Moholy-Nagy 1296: 436:marital separation 5989: 5988: 5727: 5726: 5314:Appeal to emotion 5092:Social connection 3949:sequoiahumane.org 2628:Social Psychology 2524:. 20 October 2017 2498:(9/10): 171–189. 2420:978-0-89862-555-4 2043:, jealous subtype 1703:Romantic jealousy 1696:Cultural learning 1538:, and Portuguese 1268:is distinct from 1232: 1231: 1158:Social connection 666: 665: 623:Power and control 347: 346: 343: 342: 215:Significant other 195:Mixed-orientation 55: 6029: 5981: 5980: 5841:In the workplace 5800:Machiavellianism 5754: 5747: 5740: 5731: 5702:discrete emotion 5602:in the workplace 5498:Empathy quotient 5229: 5169: 5163: 5068: 5059: 5050: 4925: 4826: 4792: 4458: 4451: 4444: 4435: 4430: 4422: 4420:"Jealousy" 4407: 4386: 4357: 4355: 4330: 4320: 4287: 4255: 4253: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4197:on 27 April 2006 4191:Psychology Today 4173:Jesse J. Prinz. 4144: 4143: 4106: 4091: 4090: 4054: 4021: 4020: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3941: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3898: 3888: 3856: 3850: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3683: 3675: 3665: 3648:(1494): 975–82. 3633: 3627: 3626: 3620: 3612: 3586: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3525: 3508:(3–4): 309–322. 3499: 3490: 3484: 3483: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3434: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3109: 3103: 3096: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3066: 3056: 3032: 3026: 3025: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2943:on 27 April 2006 2937:Psychology Today 2928: 2922: 2915: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2789: 2783: 2776: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2695: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2672: 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5946: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5938: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5880: 5879: 5868: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5749: 5742: 5734: 5725: 5724: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5707:somatic marker 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5681: 5679:Stoic passions 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5627:social sharing 5624: 5619: 5617:self-conscious 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5560:thought method 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5525:lateralization 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5485: 5484: 5483: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5352:classification 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5310: 5309: 5304: 5296: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5266: 5265: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5180: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5072:Sentimentality 5069: 5060: 5051: 5042: 5041: 5040: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4908:at first sight 4905: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4832: 4827: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4777: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4679: 4678: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4646:Disappointment 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4568: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4482: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4438: 4432: 4431: 4413: 4412:External links 4410: 4409: 4408: 4398:(6): 697–701. 4387: 4369:(4): 353–360. 4358: 4331: 4303:(4): 495–511. 4288: 4270:(2): 330–334. 4259: 4256: 4229: 4226: 4206: 4182: 4171: 4164: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4118:(4): 353–360. 4092: 4065:(5): 298–311. 4022: 4003:(3): 490–510. 3987: 3961: 3936: 3910: 3851: 3842: 3807:(4): 509–518. 3787: 3760:(3): 627–640. 3740: 3719: 3710: 3691: 3628: 3595:(4): 297–305. 3572: 3545: 3485: 3462: 3425:(3): 258–268. 3409: 3390:(2): 233–252. 3374: 3363:(3): 354–368. 3347: 3312: 3293:(4): 270–304. 3273: 3246:(4): 295–310. 3230: 3188: 3161: 3142:(3): 395–402. 3126: 3104: 3091: 3078: 3027: 3000:(3): 255–272. 2980: 2953: 2923: 2910: 2900: 2883: 2856:(2): 401–409. 2838: 2829: 2802:(6): 906–920. 2784: 2771: 2762: 2743:(3): 627–640. 2725: 2706:(2): 195–218. 2690: 2680: 2667: 2632: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2587: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2509: 2478: 2459:(4): 272–287. 2453:Emotion Review 2439: 2426: 2419: 2396: 2383: 2338: 2325: 2288:(3): 283–300. 2268: 2241: 2222:(3): 395–402. 2206: 2189: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2126: 2124:livestrong.com 2120: 2110:(4): 451–468. 2099: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2038: 2033: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2008: 1999:Main article: 1996: 1993: 1955:shows a young 1953:Miyagawa Isshō 1951:A painting by 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1923: 1920: 1872: 1869: 1838:Main article: 1835: 1832: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1783: 1782: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1728: 1725: 1704: 1701: 1685:Main article: 1682: 1679: 1652:sexual arousal 1632: 1629: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1487: 1484: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1381:connoting "to 1352:, formed from 1345: 1342: 1230: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1219: 1212: 1204: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 888:Disappointment 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 764: 763: 759: 758: 757: 754: 753: 751: 750: 745: 744: 743: 738: 727: 722: 717: 712: 710:Classification 707: 701: 698: 697: 684: 683: 677: 676: 664: 663: 661: 660: 653: 646: 638: 635: 634: 631: 630: 625: 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 589: 588: 585: 584: 581: 580: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 554: 553: 548: 543: 532: 529: 528: 525: 524: 521: 520: 515: 510: 509: 508: 503: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 467: 462: 461: 458: 457: 454: 453: 448: 443: 438: 429: 423: 420: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 385: 384: 382:Bachelor's Day 374: 369: 364: 358: 355: 354: 351: 350: 345: 344: 341: 340: 338: 337: 332: 327: 322: 316: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 288: 282: 279: 278: 268: 267: 266: 265: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 205: 204: 200: 199: 198: 197: 192: 191: 190: 188:Group marriage 181: 180: 179: 178: 173: 162: 160: 159: 154: 153: 152: 147: 136: 133: 132: 125: 124: 123: 122: 117: 112: 107: 106: 105: 100: 90: 85: 77: 76: 64: 61: 60: 57: 56: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6034: 6023: 6022:Personal life 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5984: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5919:mortification 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5900:Narcissistic 5899: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5851:Me generation 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5822: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5755: 5750: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5721: 5716: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5461:dysregulation 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5410: 5409:interpersonal 5407: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5262:in psychology 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5247:consciousness 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5162: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5066: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5056:Schadenfreude 5052: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4922:Mono no aware 4918: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4776: 4775: 4774:Joie de vivre 4771: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4743:Gratification 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4671:Embarrassment 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4576:Belongingness 4574: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4447: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4155: 4154: 4150: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3988: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3962: 3950: 3946: 3940: 3937: 3925:. 16 May 2016 3924: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3871:(7): e94597. 3870: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3791: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3692: 3687: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3629: 3624: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3583: 3576: 3573: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3549: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3231: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3192: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3165: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3130: 3127: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2984: 2981: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2954: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2896:Belknap Press 2893: 2887: 2884: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2842: 2839: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2772: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2729: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2694: 2691: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2636: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2620: 2614: 2611: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2576: 2572: 2566: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2536: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2482: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2422: 2416: 2412: 2411: 2406: 2405:Peter Salovey 2400: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2354:(6): 955–78, 2353: 2349: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2165: 2158: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2016: 2010:Cross culture 2009: 2007: 2002: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1942: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1921: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1891: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1846: 1841: 1833: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1680: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1631:In psychology 1630: 1628: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1592: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1493: 1485: 1483: 1475: 1474: 1468: 1467: 1461: 1457: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1436: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1319:Psychologists 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1206: 1205: 1203: 1202: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1133:Schadenfreude 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 963:Gratification 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 918:Embarrassment 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 883:Determination 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 833:Belongingness 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 756: 755: 749: 746: 742: 741:Dysregulation 739: 737: 736:Interpersonal 734: 733: 732: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 702: 700: 699: 695: 690: 686: 685: 682: 678: 674: 670: 669: 659: 654: 652: 647: 645: 640: 639: 637: 636: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 592: 587: 586: 579: 576: 574: 573:Transgression 571: 569: 566: 564: 561: 559: 556: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 538: 537: 534: 533: 527: 526: 519: 516: 514: 511: 507: 506:Unconditional 504: 502: 499: 498: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 468: 465: 460: 459: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 418: 417: 410: 407: 405: 404:Singles event 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 383: 380: 379: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 359: 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