2072:
369:
411:
1588:
344:
163:
3404:"The secondary literature often mentions that Turkish was made the official language by the Karamanid ruler of south-central Anatolia, Mehmed Beg, on his conquest of Konya in 1277. However, this derives from a statement by the Persian historian Ibn Bibi that was probably intended to discredit Mehmed Beg as a barbaric Turkmen. There is no other evidence that the Karamanids ever used Turkish for official purposes or even much for literary ones.” Andrew Peacock, personal communication, May 10, 2017.
149:
4793:
4817:
4781:
4829:
3671:
8728:
1476:
34:
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1518:
2007:
Crusaders. Like all other
Islamic emirates in Anatolia, the Karamanids were accused of treason. Hence, İbrahim Bey accepted all Ottoman terms. The Karamanid state was eventually terminated by the Ottomans in 1487, as the power of their Mameluke allies was declining. Some were resettled in various
4867:
8863:
1268:
1278:
9188:
2071:
4860:
4673:
1795:. Their power rose as a result of the unification of Turkish clans that lived in the mountainous regions of Cilicia with the new Turkish population transferred there by Kayqubad.
8907:
8765:
4853:
9213:
9208:
3430:
8874:
8854:
8850:
162:
3799:
3558:
His ally the
Qaramanid Muhammad (r. 660–77/1261–78) did capture Konya in 675/1276 and attempted to replace Persian with Turkish as the official government language.
1765:
was dismissed from office in 1256 because he had failed to conquer new territories. Still, he continued to serve as a general and appeared, the same year, fighting
410:
8877:
4336:
8848:
4499:
3878:
1723:, 1248–1265); in any case it is certain that he fought against the Kingdom of Lesser Armenia (and probably even died in this fight) to such extent that King
1346:
1976:. Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey pursued and captured him; according to an agreement between the two leaders, Mehmet Bey was exiled to Egypt for the rest of his life.
1504:
9243:
4472:
3873:
1841:. During the 1276 revolt of Hatıroğlu Şemseddin Bey against Mongol domination in Anatolia, Karamanids also defeated several Mongol-Seljuq armies. In the
1429:
1334:
1945:
lands. However, Mehmet Bey was captured by
Bayezid Pasha and sent to prison. He apologized for what he had done and was forgiven by the Ottoman ruler.
1750:
allowed the tribes in the border areas to live virtually independently. Karaman Bey helped
Kaykaus, but Arslan had the support of both the Mongols and
8900:
1324:
9258:
8758:
4270:
1785:, in honour of the dynasty) and Ermenek (c. 1260) in order to win him to his side. In the meantime, Bunsuz, brother of Karaman Bey, was chosen as a
8873:
5158:
3659:
4762:
3904:
3851:
1915:
to react and march on Konya, the
Karamanoğlu capital city. A treaty between the two kingdoms was formed, and peace existed until the reign of
9268:
9263:
3551:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
8893:
8829:
3782:
1248:
3488:
1769:, who had not paid the tax, and he managed to defeat the sultan a second time. Rukn al-Din Kilidj Arslan IV got rid of almost all hostile
8868:
8786:
9253:
8795:
8751:
4229:
3944:
3770:
1387:
1238:
8875:
8861:
8860:
8837:
8836:
2004:
9248:
9218:
8869:
8832:
8804:
8791:
4720:
4260:
4250:
8810:
8857:
8834:
5333:
4265:
4212:
4150:
3838:
3821:
3591:
3469:
1412:
1304:
117:
8822:
8815:
8811:
7281:
7216:
1876:. Karamanids captured Konya on two more occasions at the beginning of the 14th century but were driven out the first time by emir
8916:
4698:
4383:
4182:
4106:
3894:
3427:
1439:
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8802:
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8788:
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1497:
8855:
8849:
8844:
4821:
8870:
4520:
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4172:
4086:
4064:
3977:
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1888:. An expansion of Karamanoğlu power occurred after the fall of the Ilkhanids in the 1330s. A second expansion coincided with
972:
55:
6751:
8819:
3637:
1845:
in 1277 in particular, the central power of the Seljuq was dealt a severe blow. Taking advantage of the general confusion,
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4609:
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4047:
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4019:
3999:
3583:
1434:
8785:
7169:
6723:
3573:
1952:
while Mehmet Bey was in prison. Mustafa Bey, son of Mehmet Bey, retook the city during a conflict between the Emirs of
1861:. In the end, however, Mehmed was defeated by Seljuq and Mongol forces and executed with some of his brothers in 1278.
70:
9137:
8814:
8803:
7440:
4648:
4275:
4255:
4177:
4101:
3846:
3652:
1314:
1102:
51:
9106:
8856:
7410:
7345:
8790:
7434:
9198:
7422:
6757:
6739:
6681:
5190:
5185:
4371:
4346:
4224:
4074:
3911:
3899:
3765:
1490:
1424:
1228:
390:
8841:
5174:
1587:
148:
77:
44:
9273:
8796:
8547:
8483:
7553:
7547:
4549:
4187:
4167:
3814:
3375:
2383:
2158:
2148:
1933:
fell prey to internecine strife. It was an opportunity not only for
Karamanids but also for all of the Anatolian
1724:
1716:
1670:
1449:
8825:
8851:
8835:
6890:
6591:
5207:
4747:
4413:
4111:
4040:
3809:
1965:
1732:
22:
8820:
8809:
8792:
8284:
8272:
7293:
5323:
5212:
1984:
8824:
8794:
8558:
8440:
8326:
8308:
8296:
7242:
6243:
8847:
8697:
8332:
8320:
8302:
8290:
8278:
8171:
8122:
8103:
7623:
7605:
7157:
7101:
6914:
6872:
6597:
6273:
5343:
5328:
5201:
4096:
4069:
4014:
4009:
3861:
3856:
2805:
2767:
2226:
2204:
2186:
1889:
84:
8865:
8314:
8177:
7671:
7287:
7064:
6884:
6644:
5597:
4599:
2268:
2036:
According to Mesâlik-ül-Ebsâr, written by Şehâbeddin Ömer, the
Karamanid army had 25,000 riders and 25,000
8826:
8800:
7708:
7629:
7617:
7571:
7495:
7163:
7052:
6920:
6638:
6377:
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6092:
5769:
5763:
5672:
5195:
4979:
4902:
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4544:
4532:
4425:
4282:
3775:
3698:
3645:
3609:
Jackson, Cailah (2020). "Reframing the Qarāmānids: Exploring
Cultural Life through the Arts of the Book".
3577:
2787:
2220:
2214:
1864:
Despite these blows, the
Karamanids continued to increase their power and influence, largely aided by the
1696:
1454:
465:
453:
438:
428:
201:
8845:
8842:
8679:
8553:
8165:
8066:
7899:
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6603:
6389:
6261:
5952:
5792:
3544:
The New
Cambridge History of Islam, Volume 2: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries
2106:
built by the Karamanids survived to the present day. Notable examples of Karamanid architecture include:
9162:
8866:
8821:
8805:
8793:
8787:
8703:
8685:
8673:
8612:
7835:
7647:
7394:
6444:
6438:
5988:
5585:
5567:
5348:
5278:
4752:
4537:
4527:
4494:
4234:
4057:
3059:
2244:
882:
219:
8827:
8691:
8060:
7754:
7206:
6395:
5827:
5821:
5717:
5579:
5573:
5495:
1575:. From the mid 14th century until its fall in 1487, the Karamanid dynasty was one of the most powerful
66:
8859:
8852:
8833:
7058:
5786:
1715:(1220–1237), which seems excessively early. Karaman Bey's conquests were mainly at the expense of the
9167:
9046:
8818:
8817:
8813:
8808:
8799:
8446:
7659:
7641:
7635:
7589:
7577:
7559:
6866:
6804:
6255:
5561:
5469:
5015:
4688:
4683:
4668:
4614:
4559:
4443:
4302:
4287:
4135:
4052:
3866:
3191:
2948:
2928:
2625:
2457:
2256:
2238:
2232:
2164:
1842:
1627:
1048:
8828:
6794:
6249:
5958:
5591:
9193:
9152:
9147:
9011:
8981:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8774:
7665:
5798:
5273:
4991:
4564:
4515:
4448:
4398:
4297:
4207:
4155:
3968:
3949:
3735:
3509:
Pre-Ottoman Turkey: A General Survey of the Material and Spiritual Culture and History c. 1071–1330
3495:. Language: Turkish. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi C.I S.3 Sivas 1999 s.,27–50
3211:
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2262:
2176:
2008:
parts of Anatolia. Large groups were accommodated in northern Iran on the territory of present-day
1846:
1826:
1678:
1392:
1142:
872:
839:
731:
644:
8807:
8806:
8798:
8048:
7942:
7893:
6086:
6025:
5982:
5964:
5655:
4780:
9026:
8996:
8966:
8831:
8220:
6664:
6609:
5268:
5218:
4809:
4735:
4678:
4658:
4571:
4460:
4403:
4199:
4121:
3787:
3708:
3703:
3626:
2021:
1402:
1258:
1062:
847:
8885:
8839:
8564:
7780:
7718:
6450:
6237:
6190:
3485:
3428:
Türk Tarih Sitesi, Türk Tarihi, Genel Türk Tarihi, Türk Cumhuriyetleri, Türk Hükümdarlar – Tarih
8823:
8812:
8338:
7887:
7845:
7792:
7786:
7331:
5815:
5141:
2012:. The main part was brought to the newly conquered territories in north-eastern Bulgaria – the
1822:
army, led by the Pervane, defeated the Karamanid army and captured Karaman Bey's two brothers.
9101:
9071:
9061:
8830:
8649:
8086:
8054:
7977:
7565:
7025:
6908:
6878:
6070:
5367:
5338:
5263:
4833:
4742:
4705:
4591:
4576:
4393:
4331:
4318:
4292:
4160:
4091:
4035:
3954:
3747:
3722:
3683:
3587:
3547:
3465:
2493:
2170:
1677:
in the middle of the 13th century. A persistent but spurious legend, however, claims that the
1604:
1560:
1444:
1397:
1112:
1038:
922:
912:
892:
862:
399:
168:
8858:
8846:
1925:
gave control of the Karamanid lands to Mehmet Bey, the oldest son of Aleaddin Ali Bey. After
9142:
9132:
9081:
8961:
8383:
8111:
7653:
7599:
7583:
7506:
7335:
7105:
6830:
6692:
6514:
6129:
5021:
4876:
4663:
4631:
4453:
4408:
4351:
4004:
3927:
3742:
3618:
3370:
3173:
2749:
2645:
2250:
2198:
2192:
2142:
1980:
1961:
1766:
1700:
1654:
1615:
1596:
1572:
1552:
1530:
1370:
1122:
1092:
1054:
554:
349:
215:
205:
6550:
2043:
Their economic activities depended mostly on control of strategic commercial areas such as
9036:
8991:
7611:
6555:
6065:
5946:
5864:
5179:
5061:
5003:
4797:
4730:
4710:
4641:
4636:
4581:
4554:
4465:
4438:
4116:
4081:
3492:
3434:
2605:
2210:
2016:
region, another group – to what is now northern Greece and southern Bulgaria— present-day
1930:
1792:
1743:
1720:
1407:
1012:
962:
942:
902:
761:
514:
7905:
7798:
6685:
6506:
5976:
5970:
1941:. He captured the city and damaged it; this would not be the last Karamanid invasion of
91:
9111:
9056:
8956:
8853:
8657:
8584:
8419:
8393:
8256:
8183:
6632:
6485:
6418:
6340:
5073:
4985:
4653:
4433:
4356:
3989:
3757:
3718:
3539:
2025:
1942:
1830:
1210:
982:
362:
9182:
8976:
8732:
8149:
8132:
7764:
6540:
5707:
5303:
5049:
4785:
4725:
4626:
4366:
4361:
3994:
3939:
3730:
3630:
1949:
1938:
1912:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1736:
1480:
1382:
1072:
287:
8224:
9157:
9086:
9066:
8358:
7960:
7481:
6896:
6502:
5545:
5308:
5121:
5101:
5085:
5027:
5009:
4757:
4715:
4341:
3792:
3360:
2824:
2099:
2095:
1893:
1787:
1646:
1642:
1182:
1152:
1002:
8515:
8375:
7728:
7477:
6745:
5313:
3622:
3459:
9096:
9076:
9006:
8986:
8466:
8414:
8012:
8002:
7484:
7381:
7189:
7131:
7115:
6777:
6688:
6510:
6350:
6104:
6008:
5847:
5661:
5658:
5614:
5525:
5520:
5452:
5067:
4621:
3932:
2080:
1908:
1806:, who had fled to Constantinople as a result of the intrigues of the chancellor
1770:
1762:
1727:(1226–1269) had to place himself voluntarily under the sovereignty of the great
1688:
1638:
1634:
1564:
1375:
1082:
1030:
604:
263:
229:
33:
1829:, became the head of the house. He immediately negotiated alliances with other
8936:
8409:
8203:
7759:
7371:
7257:
7252:
7226:
7136:
7046:
6957:
6902:
6324:
6267:
6154:
6060:
6039:
5515:
5318:
5055:
5043:
2009:
1992:
1858:
1807:
1803:
1751:
1747:
1712:
1682:
1650:
1619:
1192:
564:
485:
420:
2079:
niche from the Karamanoglu Ibrahim Bey Imaret, Karaman, now displayed in the
1911:, which had been an Ottoman city. However, it did not take much time for the
9091:
9001:
8627:
7386:
7084:
6965:
6718:
6702:
6524:
6422:
6173:
5925:
5712:
5683:
5651:
5510:
5500:
5037:
4892:
3385:
2317:
2138:
2017:
2013:
1926:
1916:
1885:
1881:
1838:
1728:
1666:
1611:
1172:
992:
852:
8526:
7997:
1704:
4845:
1810:, Karaman Bey and his two brothers, Zeynül-Hac and Bunsuz, marched toward
1517:
9051:
9041:
9016:
8951:
8946:
8601:
8027:
8023:
7982:
7952:
7925:
7818:
7691:
7376:
7313:
7262:
7141:
7020:
7005:
6961:
6940:
6814:
6466:
6465:
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under
6383:
6355:
6345:
6293:
6055:
6035:
5633:
5505:
5407:
5283:
5131:
5111:
5091:
5079:
4912:
4487:
4477:
3804:
2084:
2060:
2037:
1996:
1953:
1568:
1132:
932:
712:
574:
504:
239:
1884:
governor of Anatolia, and the second time by Chupan's son and successor
9116:
9021:
8643:
8622:
8531:
8521:
8509:
8424:
8017:
7871:
7855:
7749:
7520:
7516:
7511:
7390:
7355:
7000:
6979:
6845:
6835:
6565:
6216:
6200:
5910:
5905:
5423:
5397:
5380:
4997:
4963:
4952:
4941:
3365:
2152:
2103:
2052:
2048:
2000:
1904:
1897:
1873:
1865:
1802:
and the Karamanids did not last. In 1261, on the pretext of supporting
1799:
1782:
1778:
1758:
1708:
1692:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1610:
The Karamanids traced their ancestry from Hodja Sad al-Din and his son
952:
741:
721:
654:
634:
594:
544:
534:
524:
192:
188:
8743:
8941:
8493:
8379:
8107:
8031:
7987:
7030:
7015:
6840:
6570:
6545:
6221:
5930:
5920:
5900:
5879:
5742:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5691:
5687:
5535:
5530:
5428:
4958:
4482:
3675:
3670:
3538:
Leiser, Gary (2010). "The Turks in Anatolia before the Ottomans". In
2091:
2076:
2056:
1988:
1929:
died in 1403, the Ottoman Empire went into a political crisis as the
1877:
1711:. The year of the conquests is reported as 1225, during the reign of
1296:
801:
771:
694:
624:
584:
7992:
5540:
8251:
8235:
8007:
7956:
7526:
7247:
7010:
6995:
6975:
6850:
6560:
6434:
6360:
6320:
5915:
5895:
5874:
5479:
5433:
4946:
4936:
4916:
3511:, trans. J. Jones-Williams (New York: Taplinger, 1968), pp. 281–2.
2180:
2070:
2044:
2040:. They could also rely on some Turkmen tribes and their warriors.
1973:
1969:
1957:
1922:
1869:
1854:
1850:
1811:
1623:
1600:
1592:
1586:
821:
811:
791:
781:
751:
684:
674:
664:
614:
196:
8931:
5737:
5258:
1774:
1754:
Sulayman Muin al-Din (who had the real power in the sultanate).
494:
8889:
8747:
8582:
8464:
8356:
8201:
8084:
7923:
7816:
7689:
7458:
7311:
7187:
7082:
6938:
6775:
6662:
6483:
6291:
6171:
6006:
5845:
5631:
5450:
5378:
5365:
4849:
3641:
3566:
The Persianate World: The Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca
8784:
7531:
1995:, destroying both cities. In the meantime, the Ottoman sultan
1972:
after defeating the Karamanids, and Mehmet Bey retreated from
1576:
27:
3486:
Karamanoğulları'nın kökenleri (The Origin Of The Karamanids)
3564:
Green, Nile (2019). "Introduction". In Green, Nile (ed.).
1685:, instead established a Karamanid dynasty in these lands.
1900:, the first important contact between the two dynasties.
1964:
sent an army to retake Tarsus from the Karamanids. The
1673:, gained tenuous control over the mountainous parts of
3546:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 310.
1853:
on 12 May and placed on the throne a pretender called
6417:
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the
9125:
8924:
8666:
8636:
8540:
8502:
8433:
8402:
8265:
8244:
8158:
8142:
8041:
7969:
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7864:
7773:
7737:
7540:
7403:
7364:
7274:
7235:
7150:
7124:
7039:
6988:
6859:
6823:
6732:
6711:
6625:
6584:
6533:
6405:
6370:
6333:
6230:
6209:
6138:
6113:
6079:
6048:
5939:
5888:
5808:
5779:
5756:
5700:
5607:
5554:
5488:
5416:
5296:
5251:
5235:
5228:
5167:
5151:
4972:
4929:
4590:
4508:
4424:
4317:
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58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
9189:States and territories disestablished in the 1480s
1814:, the Seljuq capital, with 20,000 men. A combined
1691:expanded his territories by capturing castles in
3423:
3421:
1777:except Karaman Bey, to whom he gave the town of
1641:. According to others, they were members of the
3611:Al-Masāq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean
1825:After Karaman Bey died in 1262, his older son,
2116:İnce Minare (Dar-ül Hadis) Medrese (1258–1279)
171:and other eastern Mediterranean states in 1450
8901:
8759:
4861:
3653:
1538:
1498:
8:
7393:transferred in 1301 to Dündar Bey's brother
6626:Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
6103:Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of
3458:Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009).
2125:Mader-i Mevlana (Aktekke) mosque in Karaman
1983:against the Ottomans in 1443–44, Karamanid
1937:. Mehmet Bey assembled an army to march on
9214:States and territories established in 1277
9209:States and territories established in 1250
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161:
129:
16:1250–1487 beylik in south-central Anatolia
6433:Second period of Beylik reconstituted by
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
2032:Power of the Karamanid state in Anatolia
1907:, Aleaddin Ali Bey captured the city of
1516:
6145:Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
5159:Timeline of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
3503:
3501:
3417:
3397:
2028:from former territories of Karamanids.
1731:, in order to protect his kingdom from
1669:worked there as a woodcutter. His son,
398:
387:
5757:Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
2128:Ibrahim Bey Mosque (Imaret) in Karaman
1521:The Beylik of Karaman (orange) in 1300
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1896:, the daughter of the Ottoman sultan
306:
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256:
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244:
7:
6616:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha the Second
6120:Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
4816:
4804:
1653:and afterwards moved to the western
56:adding citations to reliable sources
7429:Hamidoğlu Muzafferüddin Mustafa Bey
3464:. Infobase Publishing. p. 40.
1903:As Ottoman power expanded into the
1833:clans to raise an army against the
1633:The Karamanids were members of the
3461:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire
1960:. After that, the Egyptian sultan
1808:Mu'in al-Din Suleyman, the Pervane
1567:origin, centered in South-Central
14:
7638:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
7170:Eşrefoğlu Süleyman Bey the Second
5780:Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
5334:Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras
3579:The Origins of the Ottoman Empire
3568:. University of California Press.
2235:(1398–1399, 1402–1420, 1421–1423)
1872:, especially during the reign of
1618:(roughly encompassing modern-day
1053:(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as
8917:States in late medieval Anatolia
8726:
8637:Important centers and extension:
8503:Important centers and extension:
8403:Important centers and extension:
8245:Important centers and extension:
8143:Important centers and extension:
7865:Important centers and extension:
7738:Important centers and extension:
7441:Hamidoğlu Kemaleddin Hüseyin Bey
7365:Important centers and extension:
7236:Important centers and extension:
7125:Important centers and extension:
6989:Important centers and extension:
6824:Important centers and extension:
6712:Important centers and extension:
6534:Important centers and extension:
6334:Important centers and extension:
6210:Important centers and extension:
6049:Important centers and extension:
5889:Important centers and extension:
5701:Important centers and extension:
5489:Important centers and extension:
5417:Important centers and extension:
4827:
4815:
4803:
4792:
4791:
4779:
4183:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
3669:
2122:Mevlana Mosque and Tomb in Konya
2113:Şerafettin Mosque (13th century)
1474:
1017:224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
409:
367:
342:
147:
32:
7970:Important centers and extension
7411:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
7346:Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
4930:Important centers and extension
4828:
3329:
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3200:
3180:
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2794:
2776:
2756:
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2594:
2500:
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2464:
2390:
2324:
1857:, who claimed to be the son of
1719:(and perhaps at the expense of
1661:, where they came to serve the
43:needs additional citations for
7435:Hamidoğlu Hüsameddin Ilyas Bey
7282:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
7217:Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
3381:List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
2211:Hacı Sûfi Burhâneddin Musa Bey
1890:Karamanoğlu Alâeddin Ali Bey's
873:Kingdom of Alexander the Great
1:
7423:Hamidoğlu Necmeddin Ishak Bey
5243:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
3623:10.1080/09503110.2020.1813484
3582:. Translated by Gary Leiser.
1948:Ramazanoğlu Ali Bey captured
443:
218:,
9269:History of Osmaniye Province
9259:History of Nevşehir Province
9244:History of Kırşehir Province
4674:Intangible cultural heritage
4020:Southeastern Anatolia Region
3852:Proclamation of the republic
3584:State University of New York
3484:Boyacıoğlu, Ramazan (1999).
1645:, which participated in the
9239:History of Kayseri Province
9234:History of Karaman Province
9229:History of Antalya Province
9224:History of Aksaray Province
9138:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
6752:Muzafferüddin Yavlak Arslan
6505:, commander descended from
3945:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
2179:(1308–1312) (Capital City:
2003:with a victory against the
1798:Good relations between the
1721:Rukn al-Din Kilij Arslan IV
1388:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
1103:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
9295:
9254:History of Mersin Province
5191:Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
5186:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
3776:Conquest of Constantinople
2119:Hatuniye Medrese (Karaman)
20:
9264:History of Niğde Province
9249:History of Konya Province
9219:History of Adana Province
8781:
8721:
8592:
8578:
8474:
8460:
8366:
8352:
8211:
8197:
8094:
8080:
7933:
7919:
7826:
7812:
7699:
7685:
7468:
7454:
7321:
7307:
7197:
7183:
7092:
7078:
6948:
6934:
6891:Dulkadiroğlu Süleyman Bey
6785:
6771:
6672:
6658:
6592:Candaroğlu Süleyman Pasha
6493:
6479:
6301:
6287:
6181:
6167:
6114:Erzincan and Kemah Branch
6016:
6002:
5855:
5841:
5641:
5627:
5460:
5446:
5388:
5374:
5361:
4925:
4883:
4775:
4283:The constitutional system
3815:Second Constitutional Era
3800:Decline and modernization
3376:Anatolian Turkish Beyliks
3274:
3272:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3133:
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2407:
2355:
2353:
2233:Sultanzâde II. Mehmed Bey
2227:Damad I. Alâeddin Ali Bey
1717:Kingdom of Lesser Armenia
1269:Decline and modernization
1219:Periods of Ottoman Empire
321:
317:
293:
279:
253:
160:
144:
139:
7334:, frontier rulers under
7294:Germiyanlı Süleyman Shah
6960:, brother-in-law of the
6513:in the imperial army of
5208:Battle of Iconium (1190)
4266:Ministry of the Interior
4251:Administrative divisions
3810:First Constitutional Era
2257:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed Bey
2193:Alâeddin Halil Mirza Bey
2187:Bedreddin I. İbrahim Bey
2051:and the ports of Lamos,
23:Karaman (disambiguation)
8559:Muzafferuddin Ishak Bey
8441:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
8384:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
8376:Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali
8184:Pervâneoğlu Gazi Çelebi
8112:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7336:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
7243:Kula (District), Manisa
7106:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6964:governor for Anatolia,
6693:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6515:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6130:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
6128:Incorporation into the
5202:Battle of Myriokephalon
4877:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
4213:Parliamentary elections
4015:Eastern Anatolia Region
4010:Central Anatolia Region
3692:Ancient and Middle Ages
2958: 1398–1399,
2635: 1312–1333,
2615: 1312–1333,
2159:Şemseddin I. Mehmed Bey
1571:around the present-day
1557:Karamanoğulları Beyliği
1540:Karamanoğulları Beyliği
9279:Former empires in Asia
9204:1487 disestablishments
8698:Zincirkıran Mehmed Bey
8321:Giyas al-Din Halil Bey
8172:Pervâneoğlu Mehmed Bey
8104:Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî
7496:Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
7158:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7102:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
7053:Giyath al-Din Muhammad
6915:Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey
6873:Dulkadiroğlu Halil Bey
6598:Candaroğlu Ibrahim Bey
6503:Şemseddin Yaman Candar
6274:Melikshah bin Muhammed
5196:Battle of Mount Cadmus
5168:Wars and major battles
4384:Science and technology
4218:Presidential elections
3699:Prehistory of Anatolia
2221:Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey
2189:(1312–1333, 1348–1349)
2149:Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey
2087:
2067:Karamanid architecture
1713:Ala al-Din Kaykubadh I
1671:Kerîmeddin Karaman Bey
1607:
1556:
1539:
1534:
1522:
1440:Constitutional history
1325:Provisional government
1279:Defeat and dissolution
429:Prehistory of Anatolia
309:• Disestablished
9163:Philaretos Brachamios
8178:Pervâneoğlu Mesud Bey
7672:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
7288:Germiyanlı Mehmed Bey
7065:Mehmed Bey the Second
6885:Nâsıreddin Mehmed Bey
6645:Kemaleddin Ismail Bey
5598:Muhammed bin Begtimur
5349:Shams al-Din Isfahani
5324:Shams al-Din Altınapa
5279:Karim al-Din Aqsarayi
5175:Byzantine–Seljuk wars
4379:Free trade agreements
4261:Intelligence Services
4058:North Anatolian Fault
3521:Encyclopedia of Islam
3491:19 March 2013 at the
2269:Turgutoğlu Mahmud Bey
2245:Damad II. İbrahim Bey
2110:Hasbey Medrese (1241)
2074:
1761:governor and general
1748:Izz al-Din Kaykaus II
1614:, who emigrated from
1590:
1543:), also known as the
1520:
883:Kingdom of Cappadocia
439:Palaeolithic Anatolia
220:Old Anatolian Turkish
212:Common languages
8443:(1275–1288) and sons
7709:Melik Danişmend Gazi
7660:Sultanzâde Pîr Ahmed
7636:Sultanzâde Mehmet II
7630:Nasreddin Mehmed Bey
7584:Alâeddin Halil Mirza
7164:Eşrefoğlu Mehmed Bey
6921:Şahsuvaroğlu Ali Bey
6867:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
6805:Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
6758:Çobanoğlu Mahmud Bey
6740:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
6682:Hüsamettin Çoban Bey
6639:Taceddin Ibrahim Bey
6451:İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey
6378:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
6311:Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
6153:Beylik destroyed by
6093:Mengücekli Ishak Bey
5770:Sökmenli Ibrahim Bey
5764:Müinüddin Sökmen Bey
5673:Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
5344:Mu'in al-Din Parwana
5297:Other notable people
5252:Writers and scholars
4763:World heritage sites
4288:Turkish Armed Forces
4173:Constitutional Court
4087:Flora and vegetation
4065:Environmental issues
4053:East Anatolian Fault
4000:Mediterranean Region
3433:24 July 2011 at the
2251:Sultanzâde İshak Bey
2171:Bedreddin Mahmut Bey
1791:, or bodyguard, for
1742:The rivalry between
1679:Seljuq Sultan of Rum
1595:manuscript made for
1049:Eastern Roman Empire
52:improve this article
21:For other uses, see
9153:Knights Hospitaller
9148:Empire of Trebizond
8775:History of Anatolia
8680:Tekeoğlu Mehmud Bey
8554:Fahreddin Ilyas Bey
7900:Inançoğlu Ishak Bey
7590:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
7578:Bedreddin Ibrahim I
7417:Hamidoğlu Hızır Bey
6604:Candaroğlu Adil Bey
6390:Aydınoğlu Hızır Bey
6363:(between 1336–1344)
6262:Nâsırüddin Muhammed
6244:Ali bin Ebu'l-Kâsım
5793:Hüsameddin Timurtaş
5747:temporarily in 1117
5274:Siraj al-Din Urmavi
4332:Banking and Finance
3950:History of Anatolia
3847:War of Independence
3839:Republic of Türkiye
3736:Battle of Manzikert
3574:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
2239:Damad Bengi Ali Bey
2199:Fahreddin Ahmed Bey
2024:. Ottomans founded
1999:was returning from
1827:Mehmet I of Karaman
1657:, near the town of
1628:the Mongol invasion
1393:History of Anatolia
1315:War of Independence
1143:Empire of Trebizond
1007:133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
454:Mesolithic Anatolia
299:• Established
9027:Kadi Burhan al-Din
8704:Tekeoğlu Osman Bey
8686:Tekeoğlu Hızır Bey
8674:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
8613:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
7955:castle and nearby
7836:Germiyanlı Ali Bey
7642:Bengi Alâeddin Ali
7618:Seyfeddin Süleyman
7548:Kerîmeddin Karaman
7395:Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
7330:Hamid and his son
6610:Celaleddin Bayezid
6445:Aydınoğlu Umur Bey
6439:Aydınoğlu Musa Bey
5989:Nasreddin Muhammed
5682:Three branches in
5650:Eksük and his son
5586:Seyfeddin Begtimur
5568:Ibrahim bin Sökmen
5269:Fakhr al-Din Iraqi
5219:Battle of Elbistan
5213:Battle of Köse Dağ
4389:Telecommunications
4178:Court of Cassation
3879:Multi-party period
3788:Ottoman Old Regime
3709:Byzantine Anatolia
3704:Classical Anatolia
3523:vol. IV, page 643.
2283:Karamanid dynasty
2088:
1608:
1545:Emirate of Karaman
1523:
1435:Diplomatic history
1347:Multi-party period
1297:Republic of Turkey
1073:Great Seljuk State
1063:Rashidun Caliphate
848:Classical Anatolia
466:Neolithic Anatolia
9199:Anatolian beyliks
9176:
9175:
8883:
8882:
8741:
8740:
8733:Turkey portal
8717:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8692:Tekeoğlu Dadı Bey
8652:between 1361–1373
8650:Kingdom of Cyprus
8574:
8573:
8456:
8455:
8348:
8347:
8193:
8192:
8076:
8075:
8034:between 1300–1314
7915:
7914:
7808:
7807:
7681:
7680:
7450:
7449:
7303:
7302:
7265:between 1300–1368
7207:Kerimüddin Alişir
7179:
7178:
7074:
7073:
6930:
6929:
6767:
6766:
6684:, commander from
6654:
6653:
6475:
6474:
6396:Aydınoğlu Isa Bey
6283:
6282:
6163:
6162:
5998:
5997:
5837:
5836:
5828:Sökmen the Second
5822:Nureddin Muhammed
5623:
5622:
5580:Sökmen the Second
5574:Ahmed bin Ibrahim
5442:
5441:
5368:Anatolian beyliks
5357:
5356:
5339:Manuel Maurozomes
5329:Sa'd al-Din Köpek
5292:
5291:
5264:Haji Bektash Veli
4843:
4842:
4771:
4770:
4313:
4312:
4256:Foreign relations
4230:Political parties
4130:
4129:
3963:
3962:
3955:History of Thrace
3857:Atatürk's reforms
3748:Anatolian beyliks
3553:978-0-521-83957-0
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3334:
3223:
3205:
3185:
3071:
2965:
2942:
2819:
2799:
2781:
2761:
2659:
2639:
2619:
2599:
2505:
2487:
2469:
2395:
2329:
2139:Nûreddin Sûfi Bey
1767:the Sultan of Rum
1549:Beylik of Karaman
1515:
1514:
1481:Turkey portal
1398:History of Thrace
1355:
1354:
1305:Periods of Turkey
1287:
1286:
1201:
1200:
1113:Anatolian beyliks
1039:Medieval Anatolia
1021:
1020:
923:Kingdom of Pontus
913:Ptolemaic Kingdom
863:Achaemenid Empire
830:
829:
703:
702:
476:
475:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
355:
354:
271:• 1483–1487
134:Beylik of Karaman
128:
127:
120:
102:
9286:
9274:History of Konya
9143:Empire of Nicaea
9133:Byzantine Empire
9126:Christian states
9082:Sultanate of Rum
8910:
8903:
8896:
8887:
8768:
8761:
8754:
8745:
8731:
8730:
8729:
8580:
8462:
8354:
8199:
8166:Süleyman Pervâne
8123:Süleyman Pervâne
8082:
7921:
7896:(~1314 - ?)
7814:
7687:
7654:Sultanzâde Ishak
7612:Burhaneddin Musa
7566:Bedreddin Mahmut
7456:
7309:
7185:
7104:, regent to the
7080:
7059:Alâeddin Ali Bey
6936:
6773:
6660:
6481:
6289:
6169:
6004:
5953:Gazi Gümüshtigin
5843:
5787:Necmeddin Ilgazi
5629:
5608:Important works:
5448:
5376:
5363:
5233:
5022:Kilij Arslan III
4927:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4847:
4831:
4830:
4819:
4818:
4807:
4806:
4795:
4794:
4783:
4588:
4473:Cities and towns
4454:Turkish language
4409:Turkish Airlines
4225:Electoral system
4188:Council of State
4141:
4075:Waste management
4005:Black Sea Region
3983:
3974:
3928:Turkic migration
3874:One-party period
3743:Sultanate of Rum
3689:
3674:
3673:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3639:
3634:
3597:
3569:
3560:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3505:
3496:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3425:
3405:
3402:
3371:Karaman Province
3333:
3332: 1483–1487
3331:
3327:
3222:
3221: 1474–1483
3220:
3216:
3204:
3203: 1465–1474
3202:
3198:
3184:
3183: 1464–1465
3182:
3178:
3070:
3069: 1424–1464
3068:
3064:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2941:
2940: 1423–1424
2939:
2935:
2818:
2817: 1361–1398
2816:
2812:
2798:
2797: 1356–1361
2796:
2792:
2780:
2779: 1350–1351
2778:
2774:
2760:
2759: 1349–1350
2758:
2754:
2658:
2657: 1333–1348
2656:
2652:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2598:
2597: 1308–1312
2596:
2592:
2504:
2503: 1300–1308
2502:
2498:
2486:
2485: 1261–1277
2484:
2480:
2468:
2467: 1277–1300
2466:
2462:
2394:
2393: 1256–1261
2392:
2388:
2328:
2327: 1250–1256
2326:
2322:
2289:
2288:
2280:
1981:Crusade of Varna
1966:Egyptian Mamluks
1962:Sayf ad-Din Inal
1655:Taurus Mountains
1597:Halil of Karaman
1573:Karaman Province
1561:Anatolian beylik
1542:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1445:Cultural history
1430:Military history
1425:Economic history
1371:Turkic migration
1335:One-party period
1311:
1310:
1225:
1224:
1123:County of Edessa
1093:Sultanate of Rum
1055:Empire of Nicaea
1045:
1044:
859:
858:
853:Classical Thrace
718:
717:
555:Achaeans (Homer)
491:
490:
458:c. 11,000–
445:
435:
434:
413:
403:
385:
371:
370:
359:
358:
350:Sultanate of Rum
346:
345:
339:
338:
323:
322:
165:
151:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
101:
60:
36:
28:
9294:
9293:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9179:
9178:
9177:
9172:
9168:Zaccaria family
9121:
8920:
8914:
8884:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8777:
8772:
8742:
8737:
8727:
8725:
8709:
8700:(~1360 - ~1375)
8662:
8632:
8588:
8570:
8536:
8498:
8470:
8452:
8447:Nusreddin Ahmed
8429:
8398:
8362:
8344:
8261:
8240:
8207:
8189:
8154:
8138:
8135:
8090:
8072:
8069:(~1340 - ~1360)
8063:(~1320 - ~1340)
8057:(~1282 - ~1320)
8051:(~1261 - ~1282)
8037:
7965:
7929:
7911:
7890:(~1300 - ~1314)
7876:
7860:
7822:
7804:
7769:
7733:
7695:
7677:
7600:Fahreddin Ahmed
7536:
7464:
7446:
7399:
7360:
7317:
7299:
7270:
7263:Beylik of Lâdik
7231:
7193:
7175:
7146:
7120:
7088:
7070:
7035:
6984:
6944:
6926:
6855:
6819:
6781:
6763:
6742:(1309 - ?)
6728:
6707:
6668:
6650:
6621:
6580:
6529:
6489:
6471:
6425:the Thunderbolt
6401:
6366:
6329:
6297:
6279:
6256:Izzeddin Saltuk
6226:
6205:
6177:
6159:
6134:
6109:
6075:
6044:
6012:
5994:
5947:Danishmend Gazi
5935:
5884:
5865:Danishmend Gazi
5851:
5833:
5809:Harput Dynasty:
5804:
5775:
5752:
5696:
5637:
5619:
5603:
5562:Sökmen el Kutbi
5550:
5484:
5470:Sökmen el Kutbi
5456:
5438:
5412:
5384:
5370:
5353:
5288:
5247:
5224:
5180:Siege of Nicaea
5163:
5147:
5062:Kilij Arslan IV
5016:Süleymanshah II
5004:Kilij Arslan II
4968:
4921:
4879:
4874:
4844:
4839:
4767:
4586:
4582:Women in Turkey
4550:Law enforcement
4504:
4500:Life expectancy
4466:Islam in Turkey
4420:
4309:
4271:National Police
4239:
4194:
4126:
4117:Turkish Riviera
4024:
3981:
3980:
3959:
3916:
3883:
3862:Language reform
3833:
3752:
3713:
3678:
3668:
3666:
3608:
3605:
3603:Further reading
3600:
3594:
3572:
3563:
3554:
3540:Fierro, Maribel
3537:
3533:
3528:
3527:
3519:
3515:
3507:Cahen, Claude,
3506:
3499:
3493:Wayback Machine
3483:
3479:
3472:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3440:
3435:Wayback Machine
3426:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3357:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3217:
3215:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3179:
3177:
3065:
3063:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2793:
2791:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2755:
2753:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2499:
2497:
2481:
2479:
2463:
2461:
2389:
2387:
2323:
2321:
2278:
2213:(Capital City:
2151:(Capital City:
2141:(Capital City:
2135:
2069:
2034:
1843:Battle of Göksu
1793:Kilij Arslan IV
1744:Kilij Arslan IV
1585:
1535:Karamanoğulları
1511:
1475:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1450:Genetic history
1365:
1357:
1356:
1340:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1288:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1013:Sasanian Empire
973:Armenian Empire
963:Parthian Empire
943:Attalid kingdom
903:Seleucid Empire
857:
842:
832:
831:
715:
705:
704:
515:Akkadian Empire
488:
478:
477:
471:
470:c. 8,000–
459:
447:
433:
423:
401:
394:
368:
343:
310:
300:
272:
260:
204:
200:
195:
191:
172:
156:
153:
152:
135:
124:
113:
107:
104:
61:
59:
49:
37:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9292:
9290:
9282:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9181:
9180:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9135:
9129:
9127:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9057:Ottoman Empire
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8957:Candaroğulları
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8928:
8926:
8922:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8912:
8905:
8898:
8890:
8881:
8880:
8783:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8773:
8771:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8748:
8739:
8738:
8736:
8735:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8711:
8710:
8708:
8707:
8701:
8695:
8689:
8683:
8677:
8670:
8668:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8660:
8658:Teke Peninsula
8655:
8640:
8638:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8599:
8597:
8593:
8590:
8589:
8583:
8576:
8575:
8572:
8571:
8569:
8568:
8562:
8556:
8551:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8512:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8465:
8458:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8450:
8444:
8437:
8435:
8431:
8430:
8428:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8394:Afyonkarahisar
8391:
8389:
8386:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8357:
8350:
8349:
8346:
8345:
8343:
8342:
8336:
8330:
8324:
8318:
8312:
8306:
8300:
8294:
8288:
8282:
8276:
8269:
8267:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8248:
8246:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8218:
8216:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8202:
8195:
8194:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8181:
8175:
8169:
8162:
8160:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8152:
8146:
8144:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8101:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8085:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8064:
8058:
8052:
8045:
8043:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8035:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7978:Muğla Province
7973:
7971:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7963:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7940:
7938:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7924:
7917:
7916:
7913:
7912:
7910:
7909:
7903:
7897:
7891:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7874:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7833:
7831:
7827:
7824:
7823:
7817:
7810:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7784:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7741:
7739:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7731:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7706:
7704:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7690:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7669:
7663:
7657:
7651:
7645:
7639:
7633:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7603:
7597:
7587:
7581:
7575:
7569:
7563:
7557:
7551:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7514:
7509:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7475:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7465:
7459:
7452:
7451:
7448:
7447:
7445:
7444:
7438:
7432:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7407:
7405:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7397:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7312:
7305:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7291:
7285:
7278:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7268:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7239:
7237:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7229:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7204:
7202:
7198:
7195:
7194:
7188:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7167:
7161:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7128:
7126:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7099:
7097:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7083:
7076:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7069:
7068:
7062:
7056:
7050:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7026:Şebinkarahisar
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6939:
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6900:
6894:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6827:
6825:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:Hasan Dulkadir
6792:
6790:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6776:
6769:
6768:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6755:
6749:
6743:
6736:
6734:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6679:
6677:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6663:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6642:
6636:
6633:Isfendiyar Bey
6629:
6627:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6613:
6607:
6601:
6595:
6594:(1309 - ~1340)
6588:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6579:
6578:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6537:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6486:Candaroğulları
6484:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6455:with intervals
6448:
6442:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6419:Ottoman Empire
6415:
6413:
6409:
6407:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6393:
6387:
6381:
6374:
6372:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6292:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6271:
6265:
6259:
6253:
6250:Ziyâüddin Gazi
6247:
6246:(1102 - ~1124)
6241:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6188:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6172:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6140:
6139:Divriği Branch
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6090:
6083:
6081:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6073:
6071:Şebinkarahisar
6068:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6042:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6007:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5986:
5980:
5974:
5968:
5962:
5956:
5950:
5943:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5846:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5819:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5803:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5694:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5595:
5589:
5583:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5451:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5379:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5255:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5139:
5129:
5119:
5109:
5099:
5089:
5083:
5077:
5074:Kaykhusraw III
5071:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5025:
5019:
5013:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4989:
4986:Kilij Arslan I
4983:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4825:
4813:
4801:
4789:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4738:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4699:Radio stations
4696:
4691:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4434:Turkish people
4430:
4428:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4399:Transportation
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4107:National parks
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4041:Climate change
4032:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:Marmara Region
3986:
3984:
3982:(west to east)
3971:
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3897:
3895:Constitutional
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3785:
3783:Transformation
3780:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3758:Ottoman Empire
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3617:(3): 257–281.
3604:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3592:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3513:
3497:
3477:
3470:
3450:
3438:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3208:
3206:
3188:
3186:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3060:Ibrahim II Bey
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2945:
2943:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2802:
2800:
2784:
2782:
2764:
2762:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2642:
2640:
2622:
2620:
2602:
2600:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2490:
2488:
2472:
2470:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2155:) (1256?–1261)
2146:
2134:
2133:List of rulers
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2068:
2065:
2033:
2030:
2026:Karaman Eyalet
1931:Ottoman family
1605:Mevlâna Museum
1591:Page from the
1584:
1581:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1351:(1945–present)
1349:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1249:Transformation
1245:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
989:
988:
985:
983:Roman Republic
979:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
856:
855:
850:
844:
843:
838:
837:
834:
833:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
806:859–595/585 BC
804:
798:
797:
794:
788:
787:
784:
778:
777:
774:
768:
767:
764:
758:
757:
754:
748:
747:
744:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
716:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
700:
699:859–595/585 BC
697:
691:
690:
687:
681:
680:
677:
671:
670:
667:
661:
660:
657:
651:
650:
647:
641:
640:
637:
631:
630:
627:
621:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
601:
600:
597:
591:
590:
587:
581:
580:
577:
571:
570:
567:
561:
560:
557:
551:
550:
547:
541:
540:
537:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
507:
501:
500:
497:
489:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
473:
468:
462:
461:
456:
450:
449:
446:500,000–
441:
432:
431:
425:
424:
419:
418:
415:
414:
406:
405:
396:
395:
388:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
363:Ottoman Empire
356:
353:
352:
347:
335:
334:
329:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
294:
291:
290:
285:
284:Historical era
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
261:
258:
255:
254:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
213:
209:
208:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
167:The Karamanid
166:
158:
157:
154:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
126:
125:
40:
38:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9291:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9169:
9166:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8977:Danishmendids
8975:
8973:
8972:Çubukoğulları
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8927:
8925:Muslim states
8923:
8918:
8911:
8906:
8904:
8899:
8897:
8892:
8891:
8888:
8780:
8776:
8769:
8764:
8762:
8757:
8755:
8750:
8749:
8746:
8734:
8724:
8723:
8720:
8705:
8702:
8699:
8696:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8684:
8681:
8678:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8635:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8594:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8577:
8566:
8563:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8501:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8476:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8459:
8448:
8445:
8442:
8439:
8438:
8436:
8432:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8381:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8368:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8351:
8340:
8337:
8334:
8331:
8328:
8325:
8322:
8319:
8316:
8313:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8301:
8298:
8295:
8292:
8289:
8286:
8283:
8280:
8277:
8274:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8243:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8196:
8185:
8182:
8179:
8176:
8173:
8170:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8157:
8151:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8141:
8134:
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8079:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8059:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8040:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7968:
7962:
7959:, later also
7958:
7954:
7951:
7949:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7939:
7936:
7935:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7918:
7907:
7904:
7901:
7898:
7895:
7892:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7863:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7811:
7800:
7797:
7794:
7791:
7788:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7778:
7776:
7772:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7736:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7701:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7684:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7564:
7561:
7558:
7555:
7552:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:successively
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7486:
7483:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7470:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7453:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7430:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7418:
7415:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7306:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7266:
7264:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7244:
7241:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7182:
7171:
7168:
7165:
7162:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7123:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7077:
7066:
7063:
7060:
7057:
7054:
7051:
7048:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7038:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6923:(1507- ~1525)
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6822:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6780:(1348- ~1525)
6779:
6774:
6770:
6759:
6756:
6753:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6710:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6657:
6646:
6643:
6640:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6617:
6614:
6611:
6608:
6605:
6602:
6599:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6583:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6536:
6532:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6478:
6468:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6449:
6446:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6382:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6369:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6286:
6275:
6272:
6269:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6257:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6131:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6106:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6088:
6085:
6084:
6082:
6078:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:, later also
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6001:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5963:
5960:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5840:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5807:
5800:
5799:Necmeddin Alp
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5755:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5626:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5387:
5383:(1081 - 1092)
5382:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5304:Gevher Nesibe
5302:
5301:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5220:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5140:
5138:) (1303–1307)
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:) (1301–1303)
5127:
5123:
5120:
5118:) (1294–1301)
5117:
5113:
5110:
5108:) (1293–1294)
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:) (1284–1293)
5097:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5050:Kaykhusraw II
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5034:) (1205–1211)
5033:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5017:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4871:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4836:
4835:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4354:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4316:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:Air pollution
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3995:Aegean Region
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3940:Turkification
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:Classical Age
3769:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:Seljuk Empire
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3672:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3593:0-7914-0819-1
3589:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3514:
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2205:Şemseddin Bey
2203:
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2177:Yahşı Han Bey
2175:
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1579:in Anatolia.
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977:190 BC–428 AD
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840:Classical Age
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812:Median Empire
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288:Late Medieval
286:
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259:• 1256?
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69: –
68:
64:
63:Find sources:
57:
53:
47:
46:
41:This article
39:
35:
30:
29:
24:
19:
9158:Latin Empire
9087:Sahib Ataids
9067:Qara Qoyunlu
9031:
8919:(after 1071)
8706:(~1375–1390)
8688:(? - ?)
8648:lost to the
8647:
8359:Sahib Ataids
8311:(? - ?)
8305:(? - ?)
8049:Menteshe Bey
8022:temporarily
7976:present-day
7943:Menteshe Bey
7928:(~1261–1424)
7906:Süleyman Bey
7894:Murad Arslan
7821:(~1300–1368)
7799:Süleyman Bey
7624:Alâeddin Ali
7593:
7463:(~1250–1487)
7460:
7437:(? - ?)
7431:(? - ?)
7425:(? - ?)
7413:(~1280–1324)
7316:(~1280–1374)
7261:
6897:Melik Arslan
6754:(? - ?)
6748:(? - ?)
6691:clan of the
6574:
6488:(~1300–1461)
6454:
6392:(? - ?)
6252:(~1124–1132)
6087:Mengücek Bey
6026:Mengücek Bey
5983:Melik Ismail
5971:Melik Zünnun
5965:Melik Mehmed
5830:(? - ?)
5824:(? - ?)
5746:
5576:(? - ?)
5570:(? - ?)
5309:Gurju Khatun
5135:
5125:
5122:Kayqubad III
5115:
5105:
5102:Kayqubad III
5095:
5086:Kayqubad III
5031:
5028:Kaykhusraw I
5010:Kaykhusraw I
4832:
4820:
4808:
4796:
4784:
4669:Illumination
4605:Architecture
4533:Human rights
4521:Universities
4439:Ethnic Kurds
4426:Demographics
4337:Construction
3614:
3610:
3578:
3565:
3557:
3543:
3520:
3516:
3508:
3480:
3460:
3453:
3441:
3400:
3361:Karamanlides
3321:
3210:
3190:
3172:
3058:
2947:
2927:
2825:Nefise Hatun
2804:
2788:Suleyman Bey
2786:
2766:
2748:
2644:
2624:
2604:
2586:
2492:
2476:Mehmet I Bey
2474:
2456:
2382:
2316:
2089:
2042:
2035:
1978:
1947:
1934:
1921:
1902:
1894:Nefise Hatun
1892:marriage to
1863:
1824:
1797:
1786:
1756:
1741:
1687:
1643:Afshar tribe
1632:
1609:
1548:
1544:
1526:
1524:
1455:LGBT history
1413:Christianity
1183:Kara Koyunlu
1162:
1153:Latin Empire
1031:Medieval Age
1003:Ancient Rome
997:163 BC–72 AD
732:Neo-Hittites
645:Neo-Hittites
629:1300–1250 BC
609:1500–1290 BC
599:1500–1300 BC
589:1500–1320 BC
579:1680–1220 BC
569:1650–1450 BC
559:1700–1300 BC
549:1780–1680 BC
539:1950–1750 BC
529:2300–1400 BC
519:2400–2150 BC
509:2500–2000 BC
332:Succeeded by
331:
326:
114:
105:
95:
88:
81:
74:
67:"Karamanids"
62:
50:Please help
45:verification
42:
18:
9107:Tanrıbermiş
9102:Tacettinids
9097:Sarukhanids
9077:Shah-Armens
9062:Pervâneoğlu
9047:Mengüjekids
9007:Germiyanids
8987:Dulkadirids
8587:(1301–1423)
8567:(1388–1390)
8550:(1302–1345)
8548:Saruhan Bey
8484:Saruhan Bey
8469:(1302–1410)
8467:Sarukhanids
8449:(1288–1341)
8361:(1275–1341)
8329:(1511–1516)
8323:(1490–1511)
8293:(1417–1427)
8287:(1416–1417)
8285:Ibrahim Bey
8273:Ibrahim Bey
8221:Ramazan Bey
8206:(1352–1516)
8186:(1300–1326)
8180:(1296–1300)
8174:(1277–1296)
8168:(1261–1277)
8089:(1261–1322)
8087:Pervâneoğlu
7908:(1345–1368)
7902:(? - ~1360)
7801:(1345–1360)
7795:(1328–1345)
7789:(1328–1345)
7783:(1307–1328)
7694:(1303–1360)
7674:(1483–1487)
7668:(1469–1483)
7662:(1464–1469)
7650:(1424–1464)
7644:(1418–1424)
7632:(1398–1399)
7626:(1357–1398)
7620:(1356–1357)
7614:(1351–1356)
7608:(1350–1351)
7602:(1349–1350)
7596:(1348–1349)
7586:(1333–1348)
7580:(1312–1333)
7574:(1308–1312)
7568:(1300–1308)
7562:(1283–1300)
7556:(1261–1283)
7550:(1256–1261)
7419:(1324–1330)
7296:(1361–1387)
7290:(1340–1361)
7284:(1300–1340)
7192:(1300–1429)
7190:Germiyanids
7172:(1320–1326)
7166:(1302–1320)
7160:(1288–1302)
7087:(1288–1326)
7067:(1380–1381)
7061:(1365–1380)
7055:(1352–1365)
7049:(1328–1352)
6943:(1328–1381)
6917:(1492–1507)
6893:(1443–1454)
6887:(1396–1443)
6881:(1386–1396)
6875:(1348–1386)
6869:(1348–1348)
6778:Dulkadirids
6667:(1227–1309)
6647:(1443–1461)
6641:(1440–1443)
6635:(1385–1440)
6618:(1384–1392)
6612:(1361–1385)
6606:(1340–1361)
6600:(1340–1345)
6575:temporarily
6511:Oghuz Turks
6453:(1405–1425
6447:(1403–1405)
6441:(1402–1403)
6386:(1334–1348)
6380:(1307–1334)
6361:Sakız/Chios
6296:(1307–1425)
6276:(1200–1202)
6270:(1191–1200)
6264:(1168–1191)
6258:(1132–1168)
6240:(1072–1102)
6176:(1072–1202)
6105:Danishmends
6095:(1118–1120)
6089:(1071–1118)
6011:(1071–1277)
6009:Mengujekids
5991:(1175-1178)
5985:(1164–1175)
5979:(1143–1164)
5973:(1142–1143)
5967:(1134–1142)
5961:(1104–1134)
5955:(1084–1104)
5949:(1071–1084)
5850:(1071–1178)
5848:Danishmends
5818:(1112–1124)
5801:(1154–1176)
5795:(1122–1154)
5789:(1106–1122)
5772:(1104–1131)
5766:(1102–1104)
5615:Ahlat Tombs
5600:(1185–1207)
5594:(1193–1197)
5588:(1185–1193)
5582:(1128–1185)
5564:(1100–1112)
5455:(1100–1207)
5453:Shah-Armens
5082:(1282–1284)
5076:(1265–1282)
5070:(1249–1257)
5068:Kayqubad II
5064:(1248–1265)
5058:(1246–1260)
5052:(1237–1246)
5046:(1220–1237)
5040:(1211–1220)
5024:(1204–1205)
5018:(1196–1204)
5012:(1192–1196)
5006:(1156–1192)
5000:(1116–1156)
4994:(1107–1116)
4988:(1092–1107)
4982:(1077–1086)
4822:WikiProject
4753:Video games
4545:Individuals
4538:LGBT rights
4528:Health care
4495:Immigration
4276:Gendarmerie
4235:Referendums
4151:Legislative
4048:Earthquakes
3933:Oghuz Turks
3822:Dissolution
2384:Karaman Bey
2276:Family tree
2271:(1483–1487)
2265:(1469–1483)
2259:(1464–1469)
2247:(1424–1464)
2241:(1423–1424)
2229:(1361–1398)
2223:(1357–1361)
2207:(1350–1351)
2201:(1349–1350)
2195:(1333–1348)
2173:(1300–1308)
2167:(1277–1300)
2161:(1261–1277)
2081:Tiled Kiosk
2020:region and
1987:marched on
1985:İbrahim Bey
1979:During the
1689:Karaman Bey
1639:Oghuz Turks
1635:Salur tribe
1626:because of
1565:Salur tribe
1376:Oghuz Turks
1341:(1930–1945)
1339:(1923–1930)
1329:(1920–1923)
1319:(1919–1922)
1283:(1908–1922)
1273:(1789–1908)
1263:(1703–1789)
1253:(1566–1703)
1243:(1453–1566)
1233:(1299–1453)
1211:Ottoman Era
1197:(1378–1501)
1187:(1375–1468)
1177:(1256–1335)
1167:(1250–1487)
1157:(1204–1261)
1147:(1204–1461)
1137:(1101–1409)
1127:(1098–1150)
1117:(1081–1423)
1107:(1078–1375)
1097:(1077–1307)
1087:(1071–1178)
1083:Danishmends
1077:(1037–1194)
796:1000–545 BC
786:1000–700 BC
776:1000–560 BC
766:1100–560 BC
756:1150–547 BC
746:1200–700 BC
736:1200–800 BC
726:1200–800 BC
689:1000–545 BC
679:1000–700 BC
669:1150–547 BC
659:1200–700 BC
649:1200–800 BC
639:1200–800 BC
619:1450–350 BC
605:Hayasa-Azzi
499:3000–700 BC
400:History of
327:Preceded by
264:Karaman Bey
230:Sunni Islam
199:(1307–1468)
9194:Karamanids
9183:Categories
9072:Ramadanids
9032:Karamanids
8982:Dilmachids
8937:Aq Qoyunlu
8565:Hızır Shah
8327:Hahmud Bey
8309:Dündar Bey
8297:Mehmed Bey
8227:Oghuz clan
8204:Ramadanids
8028:Güzelhisar
7781:Karesi Bey
7719:Karesi Bey
7648:Ibrahim II
7461:Karamanids
7443:(? - 1391)
7258:Yenicekent
7253:Yenicekent
7047:Eretna Bey
6958:Eretna Bey
6903:Shah Budak
6760:(? - 1309)
6509:branch of
6268:Mama Hatun
6238:Saltuk Bey
6191:Saltuk Bey
5708:Diyarbakır
5319:Baba Ishak
5152:Chronology
5056:Kaykaus II
5044:Kayqubad I
4980:Suleyman I
4903:Suleyman I
4694:Newspapers
4679:Literature
4659:Folk dance
4560:Corruption
4444:Minorities
4372:Renewables
4327:Automotive
4136:Government
3867:Secularism
3446:Green 2019
3412:References
3324:Mahmut Bey
3322:Turgutoglu
3228:Turgut Bey
2768:Shemseddin
2494:Mahmut Bey
2458:Guneri Bey
2165:Güneri Bey
2010:Azerbaijan
1847:Mehmed Bey
1804:Kaykaus II
1683:Kayqubad I
1651:Baba Ishak
1620:Azerbaijan
1559:), was an
1527:Karamanids
1259:Old Regime
1193:Ak Koyunlu
1163:Karamanids
947:282–129 BC
897:306–168 BC
893:Antigonids
887:322–130 BC
877:334–301 BC
867:559–331 BC
826:685–547 BC
816:678–549 BC
565:Kizzuwatna
486:Bronze Age
421:Prehistory
275:Mahmud Bey
236:Government
78:newspapers
9092:Saltukids
9002:Eshrefids
8967:Chobanids
8628:Korkuteli
8602:Hamidoğlu
8596:Ancestors
8516:Kemalpaşa
8339:Kubad Bey
8333:Selim Bey
8303:Eyluk Bey
8291:Hamza Bey
8279:Ahmed Bey
7888:Inanç Bey
7846:Inanç Bey
7793:Yahşı Han
7787:Demir Han
7729:Balıkesir
7606:Şemseddin
7594:2nd reign
7572:Yahşı Han
7478:Nure Sûfi
7387:Korkuteli
7332:Ilyas Bey
7325:Ancestors
7085:Eshrefids
6966:Timurtash
6746:Alp Yürek
6719:Kastamonu
6703:Kastamonu
6665:Chobanids
6525:Kastamonu
6435:Tamerlane
6428:1402–1414
6423:Bayezid I
6174:Saltukids
6098:1120–1142
5977:Yağıbasan
5959:Emir Gazi
5926:Kastamonu
5816:Belek Bey
5713:Hasankeyf
5684:Hasankeyf
5645:Ancestors
5636:(1102 - )
5511:Adilcevaz
5501:Malazgirt
5314:Sâhib Ata
5142:Mesud III
5136:4th reign
5126:3rd reign
5116:3rd reign
5106:2nd reign
5096:2nd reign
5038:Kaykaus I
5032:2nd reign
4992:Melikshah
4893:Qutalmish
4748:TV series
4706:Miniature
4649:Festivals
4565:Terrorism
4516:Education
4449:Languages
4293:Air Force
4208:Elections
4156:Executive
4102:Mountains
3969:Geography
3888:Overviews
3827:Partition
3793:Tulip era
3631:229485605
3386:Caramania
3212:Kasim Bey
3192:Pir Ahmad
3174:Ishak Bey
2964:1421–1423
2960:1402–1420
2750:Ahmet Bey
2648:Mirza Bey
2637:1348–1349
2617:1351–1356
2263:Kasım Bey
2022:Macedonia
2018:Kardzhali
2014:Ludogorie
2005:Hungarian
1927:Bayezid I
1917:Bayezid I
1886:Timurtash
1849:captured
1839:Ilkhanids
1759:Mongolian
1667:Nure Sofi
1630:in 1230.
1173:Ilkhanate
1067:(637–656)
993:Commagene
987:133–27 BC
957:281–64 BC
937:297–74 BC
927:302–64 BC
917:305–30 BC
907:305–64 BC
448:10,000 BC
226:Religion
140:1250–1487
108:June 2011
9052:Menteshe
9037:Karasids
9017:Hamidids
9012:Hacıemir
8997:Erzincan
8992:Eretnids
8952:Aydinids
8947:Artuqids
8682:(?-1327)
8676:(1301-?)
8667:Dynasty:
8617:Capitals
8420:Sandıklı
8415:Beyşehir
8341:(1517-?)
8317:(?-1490)
8315:Omer Bey
8299:(1427-?)
8281:(?-1416)
8275:(1344-?)
8266:Dynasty:
8230:Capitals
8159:Dynasty:
8098:Ancestor
8042:Dynasty:
8013:Bozdoğan
8003:Acıpayam
7947:Capitals
7926:Menteshe
7881:Dynasty:
7830:Ancestor
7774:Dynasty:
7745:Aydıncık
7703:Ancestor
7692:Karasids
7554:Mehmet I
7541:Dynasty:
7500:Capitals
7472:Ancestor
7404:Dynasty:
7382:Gölhisar
7377:Uluborlu
7314:Hamidids
7275:Dynasty:
7201:Ancestor
7151:Dynasty:
7142:Bolvadin
7132:Beyşehir
7116:Beyşehir
7040:Dynasty:
7021:Erzincan
6978:, later
6962:Ilkhanid
6941:Eretnids
6909:Şahsuvar
6905:(?-1492)
6879:Sûli Bey
6860:Dynasty:
6815:Elbistan
6789:Ancestor
6733:Dynasty:
6724:Taşköprü
6585:Dynasty:
6467:Murad II
6398:(- 1390)
6384:Umur Beg
6371:Dynasty:
6351:Alaşehir
6323:, later
6315:Capitals
6294:Aydinids
6231:Dynasty:
6080:Dynasty:
6056:Erzincan
6036:Erzincan
6030:Capitals
5940:Dynasty:
5869:Capitals
5677:Capitals
5634:Artuqids
5592:Aksungur
5555:Dynasty:
5521:Eleşkirt
5284:Ibn Bibi
5132:Mesud II
5112:Mesud II
5092:Mesud II
5080:Mesud II
4887:Ancestor
4798:Category
4736:Football
4721:Painting
4664:Folklore
4572:Marriage
4478:Istanbul
4461:Religion
4414:Railways
4404:Aviation
4342:Currency
4200:Politics
4168:Judicial
4144:Branches
4122:Wildlife
3912:Military
3900:Economic
3805:Tanzimat
3576:(1992).
3489:Archived
3431:Archived
3355:See also
2806:Alaeddin
2606:Musa Bey
2318:Sufi Bey
2104:medreses
2085:Istanbul
2061:Manavgat
2038:saracens
1997:Murad II
1968:damaged
1913:Ottomans
1909:Beyşehir
1882:Ilkhanid
1739:(1244).
1725:Hethum I
1603:, 1314.
1569:Anatolia
1467:Timeline
1403:Religion
1364:By topic
1133:Artuqids
933:Bithynia
782:Tuwanuwa
713:Iron Age
675:Tuwanuwa
575:Hittites
505:Hattians
472:5,500 BC
460:9,000 BC
391:a series
389:Part of
240:Monarchy
9117:Tzachas
9022:Inalids
8644:Antalya
8623:Antalya
8607:Founder
8604:dynasty
8561:(-1388)
8541:Dynasty
8532:Menemen
8522:Akhisar
8510:Demirci
8488:Capital
8478:Founder
8434:Dynasty
8425:Denizli
8410:Akşehir
8388:Capital
8382:of the
8370:Founder
8225:Yüreğir
8215:Founder
8127:Capital
8117:Founder
8110:of the
8067:Ibrahim
8030:, also
7937:Founder
7872:Denizli
7856:Denizli
7850:Capital
7840:Founder
7760:Bigadiç
7755:Edremit
7750:Bergama
7723:Capital
7713:Founder
7521:Karaman
7517:Larende
7512:Ermenek
7490:Founder
7391:Antalya
7372:Eğirdir
7356:Isparta
7350:Capital
7340:Founder
7227:Kütahya
7221:Capital
7211:Founder
7137:Akşehir
7110:Capital
7096:Founder
7001:Kayseri
6980:Kayseri
6970:Capital
6952:Founder
6846:Kayseri
6836:Malatya
6809:Capital
6799:Founder
6697:Capital
6676:Founder
6556:Kalecik
6551:Çankırı
6519:Capital
6497:Founder
6325:Ayasluğ
6305:Founder
6217:Erzurum
6201:Erzurum
6195:Capital
6185:Founder
6061:Divriği
6040:Divriği
6020:Founder
5911:Kayseri
5906:Malatya
5859:Founder
5667:Founder
5662:Türkmen
5654:, from
5516:Başkale
5474:Capital
5464:Founder
5424:Ephesus
5402:Capital
5398:Tzachas
5392:Founder
5381:Tzachas
5229:Culture
4998:Mesud I
4973:Dynasty
4964:Antalya
4953:Malatya
4942:Kayseri
4915:, then
4907:Capital
4897:Founder
4834:Outline
4810:Commons
4743:Theater
4726:Pottery
4642:Ottoman
4637:Cuisine
4615:Ottoman
4592:Culture
4577:Poverty
4509:Society
4394:Tourism
4347:Defense
4319:Economy
4161:Cabinet
4092:Geology
4036:Climate
3978:Regions
3905:Ottoman
3723:Beyliks
3719:Seljuks
3684:History
3586:Press.
3542:(ed.).
3531:Sources
3366:Karaman
2931:Ali Bey
2808:Ali Bey
2589:Han Bey
2153:Ermenek
2096:hammams
2092:mosques
2053:Silifke
2049:Karaman
2001:Rumelia
1993:Kütahya
1943:Ottoman
1935:beyliks
1905:Balkans
1898:Murat I
1874:Baybars
1866:Mamluks
1859:Kaykaus
1835:Seljuqs
1831:Turkmen
1800:Seljuqs
1783:Karaman
1779:Larende
1752:Pervâne
1737:Seljuks
1733:Mamluks
1709:Silifke
1693:Ermenek
1675:Cilicia
1663:Seljuks
1659:Larende
1649:led by
1583:History
1577:beyliks
1553:Turkish
1531:Turkish
1418:Judaism
953:Galatia
772:Aeolis
742:Phrygia
722:Diauehi
655:Phrygia
635:Diauehi
595:Mitanni
545:Kussara
535:Assyria
525:Luwians
216:Persian
193:Ermenek
189:Larende
185:Capital
92:scholar
8942:Alaiye
8527:Gördes
8494:Manisa
8380:vizier
8257:Tarsus
8108:vizier
8032:Rhodes
7998:Çameli
7988:Finike
7656:(1464)
7560:Güneri
7507:Ereğli
7482:Afshar
7031:Niksar
7016:Amasya
6841:Harput
6571:Samsun
6546:Eflani
6421:under
6406:Events
6222:Tercan
5931:Ankara
5921:Amasya
5901:Niksar
5880:Niksar
5743:Aleppo
5733:Harput
5728:Midyat
5723:Mardin
5718:Silvan
5692:Harput
5688:Mardin
5536:Bitlis
5531:Tatvan
5496:Silvan
5429:Lesbos
5408:İzmir
5221:(1277)
5215:(1243)
5204:(1176)
5198:(1148)
5182:(1097)
5144:(1307)
5088:(1284)
4959:Alanya
4955:(1178)
4949:(1175)
4786:Portal
4731:Sports
4632:Cinema
4627:Carpet
4610:Seljuk
4600:Anthem
4483:Ankara
4352:Energy
4244:Topics
4112:Rivers
4029:Topics
3921:Topics
3676:Turkey
3629:
3590:
3550:
3468:
2587:Yahshi
2253:(1464)
2143:Ereğli
2102:and 3
2077:mihrab
2075:Tiled
2059:, and
2057:Anamur
1989:Ankara
1950:Tarsus
1880:, the
1878:Chupan
1820:Mongol
1816:Seljuq
1788:Candar
1707:, and
1705:Gülnar
1701:Ereğli
1647:revolt
802:Urartu
762:Doris
695:Urartu
625:Assuwa
585:Arzawa
402:Turkey
393:on the
249:
206:Ereğli
180:Beylik
177:Status
169:beylik
94:
87:
80:
73:
65:
9042:Ladik
8962:Canik
8694:(?-?)
8514:Nif (
8335:(?-?)
8252:Adana
8236:Adana
8223:from
8150:Sinop
8133:Sinop
8061:Orhan
8055:Mesut
8024:Aydın
8008:Tavas
7983:Muğla
7961:Balat
7957:Milas
7953:Beçin
7819:Ladik
7765:Ezine
7666:Kasım
7527:Konya
7485:Oghuz
7480:from
7248:Simav
7011:Tokat
7006:Niğde
6996:Sivas
6976:Sivas
6911:(?-?)
6899:(?-?)
6851:Antep
6831:Maraş
6689:Oghuz
6561:Tosya
6541:Sinop
6356:Aydın
6346:İzmir
6321:Birgi
6155:Abaka
6066:Kemah
5916:Tokat
5896:Sivas
5875:Sivas
5659:Oghuz
5656:Döğer
5652:Artuk
5506:Erciş
5480:Ahlat
5434:Chios
4947:Sivas
4937:Konya
4917:Konya
4913:İznik
4716:Names
4711:Music
4684:Media
4555:Crime
4488:İzmir
4097:Lakes
4082:Fauna
3627:S2CID
3392:Notes
2929:Bengi
2646:Halil
2181:Konya
2045:Konya
1974:Konya
1970:Konya
1958:Egypt
1939:Bursa
1923:Timur
1870:Egypt
1855:Jimri
1851:Konya
1812:Konya
1781:(now
1775:amirs
1763:Baiju
1624:Sivas
1622:) to
1616:Arran
1601:Konya
1593:Quran
1408:Islam
822:Lydia
792:Ionia
752:Caria
685:Ionia
665:Caria
615:Lycia
197:Konya
99:JSTOR
85:books
9112:Teke
8932:Ahis
8585:Teke
8026:and
8018:Çine
7487:clan
7389:and
6686:Kayı
6566:Araç
6507:Kayı
6460:1425
6412:1390
6341:Tire
6148:1277
6123:1228
5738:Palu
5690:and
5664:clan
5546:Hani
5259:Rumi
5236:Arts
4758:Wine
4654:Flag
4357:Coal
4303:Navy
4298:Land
3766:Rise
3721:and
3588:ISBN
3548:ISBN
3466:ISBN
2098:, 2
2094:, 8
1991:and
1956:and
1954:Sham
1837:and
1818:and
1773:and
1771:begs
1757:The
1746:and
1735:and
1729:Khan
1547:and
1525:The
1229:Rise
495:Troy
313:1487
303:1250
155:Flag
71:news
7993:Kaş
7532:Mut
6437:to
5541:Muş
5526:Van
4622:Art
4367:Oil
4362:Gas
3619:doi
3194:Bey
2770:Bey
2215:Mut
2090:66
2083:of
1868:of
1697:Mut
1637:of
1563:of
1537:or
246:Bey
202:Mut
54:by
9185::
8378:,
7592:,
5686:,
4689:TV
3625:.
3615:33
3613:.
3556:.
3500:^
3420:^
3330:r.
3219:r.
3201:r.
3181:r.
3067:r.
2956:r.
2938:r.
2815:r.
2795:r.
2777:r.
2757:r.
2655:r.
2633:r.
2613:r.
2595:r.
2501:r.
2483:r.
2465:r.
2391:r.
2325:r.
2063:.
2055:,
2047:,
1919:.
1703:,
1699:,
1695:,
1681:,
1665:.
1599:.
1555::
1533::
444:c.
8909:e
8902:t
8895:v
8767:e
8760:t
8753:v
8654:)
8646:(
8518:)
8114:)
8106:(
7523:)
7519:(
7267:)
7260:(
6577:)
6573:(
6457:)
5749:)
5745:(
5134:(
5124:(
5114:(
5104:(
5094:(
5030:(
4869:e
4862:t
4855:v
3661:e
3654:t
3647:v
3633:.
3621::
3596:.
3474:.
2962:,
2183:)
1551:(
1529:(
1506:e
1499:t
1492:v
1057:)
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
96:·
89:·
82:·
75:·
48:.
25:.
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