555:. On 22 March 1949, the Allies agreed to let the Netherlands occupy and annex some German border territories. These included the municipalities of Havert, Hillensberg, Millen, SĂŒsterseel, TĂŒddern (Dutch: Tudderen), Wehr, parts of Höngen, Gangelt, Schumm, Saeffelen as well as Elten and Hoch-Elten.
165:
the term
Landdrost or Drost(e) described the chief executive official of a military, jurisdictional and/or police ambit, representing his lord-paramount of the territory, therefore often appearing with the affix 'land-'. Among the many territories using the term were the
534:
with the UK, adopted the term for its administrative subdivisions called
Landdrostei (sg.), each presided over by a Landdrost, with those terms then translated into English as High-Bailiwick and High-Bailiff. On 1 April 1885 the terms were replaced in
641:
A new and complete
Dictionary of the English and German Languages with two Sketches of Grammar/Neues vollstÀndiges Wörterbuch der englischen und deutschen Sprache nebst einem kurzen Abrisse der englischen und der deutschen
442:(only 1840 divided in the present two provinces North â and South Holland) as such never had a Landdrost; however, while the Amstel, Delf and Texel dĂ©partements were only under Commissioners, these temporary fractions did:
259:
had only one "national" landdrost (appointed by the revolutionary rĂ©gime that regarded itself as being part of the Dutch republic), 6 February 1795 â 22 August 1796: Friedrich Carl David Gerotz (1739â1828)
426:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 â 1 January 1811 Hendrik Ludolf Wichers (b. 1747 â d. 1840), next two Prefects of Ems-Occidental, then Governors
552:
432:(Noord-Brabant), after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807) had one Landdrost, 8 May 1807 â 1810: Paul Emanuel Anthony de la Court (b. 1760 â d. 1848), next a Prefect of
418:
1810 â February 1811 Verstolk van Soelen; next a
Prefect (February 1811 â 1 December 1813 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 â d. 1813), afterwards Governors
601:
This situation lasted until 11 August 1963, when all territories were returned except for minor frontier adjustments, following German agreement to pay war compensation.
396:(Dutch Frisia), after several Administrators, had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 â February 1811 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 â d. 1813), next a
474:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 1 January 1810) had one Landdrost, 1 January 1810 â 1811: Petrus Hofstede (b. 1755 â d. 1839), then two Prefects of
513:
as Chief
Justice, 1754 â 1794: Philippe Joseph DieudonnĂ©, graaf van Woestenraedt) was simply annexed to France as one of the 'Belgian' provinces, dĂ©partement
448:, formed in 1807 from Amsterdam and northern part of département Holland, until it was on 9 July 1810 merged with Utrecht into French département
458:, in 1807 a dĂ©partement formed from The Hague and southern parts of dĂ©partement of Holland, had a single Landdrost, May 1807 â November 1807:
151:
686:
484:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 1806) had one Landdrost, 1806 â 1811: Jan Hendrik van Lynden (b. 1765 â d. 1854), then Governors
367:
618:
681:
332:, in charge of civil divisions â the Cape Peninsula was a single division (the Cape division) with three magisterial districts:
171:
167:
292:
1852 â 1855: Andreas
Theodorus Spies (1800â1889), who was already in office before the settlement declared itself a republic
671:
581:(subordinated to the Dutch government up to September 1951, then to the Commissioner of the Queen -i.e. Governor- for
676:
610:
234:
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The Dutch annexation effectively started on 23 April that year, with the following two jurisdictions declared:
271:
207:
242:
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1 January 1810 â 1811 Jan
Adriaan, baron van Zuylen van Nijevelt (b. 1776 â d. 1840); next it had Governors
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401:
348:
571:
570:
in German) (directly subordinated to the Dutch government up to
September 1951, then to the Governor of
459:
589:
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After World War II, the old landdrost title was re-used for two extraordinary jurisdictions within the
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October 1961 â August 1963: Baron Hans Georg
Inundat van Tuyll van Serooskerken (b. 1917 â d. 1988)
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district), while Lord
Charles Somerset moved the seat of the Tulbagh district to the new town of
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462:(b. 1749 â d. 1823), then Prefects (continuing when on 9 July 1810 renamed French dĂ©partement
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8 September 1809 â 16 March 1810 François Ermerins (b. 1753 â d. 1840); next two Prefects of
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8 May 1807 â 14 November 1807: Gerrit Willem Joseph, baron van Lamswerde (b. 1758 â d. 1837)
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In the Boer republics, each proclaimed district had a landdrost. With the annexation of the
286:
267:
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78:
53:
135:
under the local lord, exercising various functions depending on the endlessly varied local
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during the Boer War, the office fell away, the landdrosts being replaced by British-style
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202:, and further landdrosts were appointed as new districts were proclaimed: Drakenstein (
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30:
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14 November 1807 â 1 January 1811 Johan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk (b. 1746 â d. 1813)
665:
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219:
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97:
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province, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had two Landdrosts:
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which originally referred to a lordâs chief retainer (who later became the medieval
304:
A similar gubernatorial role in other Boer polities was played by officials styled
199:
42:
26:
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department (9 July 1810 â 1814 Nicolas, baron FrĂ©min de Beaumont), then Governors
320:, an ordinance passed in 1827 abolished the old Dutch "landdrost" and courts of
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22:
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49:
490:, after Administrators (17 February 1795 â 8 May 1807) had two Landdrosts:
452:, had one Landdrost, 1807 â 9 July 1810: Jan van Styrum (b. 1757 â d. 1829)
127:â where various titles were in use for similar offices â was essentially a
328:, who would act only in English. Most of the Capeâs magistrates were also
644:, 6th, rev. and enriched ed., Leipsic: Otto Holtze, 1875, p. 283. No ISBN
455:
409:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had Landdrosts:
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polities that seceded after the British took over the colony, notably:
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400:(1811 â 13 December 1813 January: Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen), then
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was the title of various officials with local jurisdiction in the
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8 May 1807 â 1 January 1810 Petrus Hofstede (b. 1755 â d. 1839)
617:, the newly claimed area was governed by the landdrost of the
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February 1856 â 8 May 1858: Andreas Theodorus Spies (2nd time)
248:
It came to more gubernatorial significance in some of the
493:
8 May 1807 â 1809 Abraham van Doorn (b. 1760 â d. 1814)
543:(governorate) and RegierungsprÀsident (governor).
46:drossÄte (droes-state, bloke-castle, state-holder)
229:Under the British, new districts were created at
622:(Public Body of the Southern IJsselmeer Polders)
308:('captain', in the original sense of Headman).
624:until it was partitioned into municipalities.
619:Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
605:Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
8:
362:Since 1958, "landdros" has been used as the
25:and a number of former territories in the
574:province): 1949 â 1963 Hubert M.J. Dassen
547:Post-World War II Dutch-occupied Germany
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190:The office was also introduced in the
7:
500:(9 July 1810 â 1814), then Governors
324:, instead substituting British-type
266:appointed three landdrosts: one in
289:had three consecutive landdrosts:
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374:Netherlands under Napoleonic rule
139:, e.g. tax collection, policing,
639:Cf. Jakob Heinrich Kaltschmidt,
588:April 1949 â October 1961: Dr.
553:Dutch Occupation Zone in Germany
466:) until it was in 1814 abolished
312:Civil Commissioners, magistrates
295:1855 â February 1856: J.C. Steyn
278:(an English trader) and one in
613:, now part of the province of
172:Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim
168:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1:
198:. The first was appointed in
152:Lower Rhenish and Westphalian
611:Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
687:Afrikaans words and phrases
657:WorldStatesmen South Africa
123:Originally, a drost in the
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609:After the creation of the
682:Dutch words and phrases
522:In 19th century Hanover
402:Commissarissen-generaal
272:Jacobus Nicolaas Boshof
349:South African Republic
145:carrying out sentences
517:'Lower Maas (=Meuse)'
460:Jacob Abraham de Mist
37:meaning "region" and
672:Gubernatorial titles
326:resident magistrates
180:Duchy of Mecklenburg
592:(b. 1906 â d. 1961)
577:two Landdrosten of
509:(which had had one
498:Bouches-de-l'Escaut
464:Bouches-de-la-Meuse
330:civil commissioners
264:Republic of Natalia
194:established at the
528:Kingdom of Hanover
476:Bouches-de-l'Yssel
424:Groningen province
56:), equivalent to:
677:Dutch Cape Colony
590:Adriaan Blaauboer
353:Orange Free State
196:Cape of Good Hope
163:Holy Roman Empire
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645:
637:
541:Regierungsbezirk
515:Meuse-Inférieure
482:Utrecht province
287:Utrecht Republic
268:Pietermaritzburg
79:Northern Germany
29:. The term is a
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27:Dutch Empire
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642:Sprachlehre
478:(1811â1814)
366:term for a
357:magistrates
318:Cape Colony
235:Grahamstown
156:Lower Saxon
141:prosecution
67:or steward;
23:Netherlands
666:Categories
628:References
583:Gelderland
530:, then in
505:Meanwhile
472:Overijssel
446:Amstelland
407:Gelderland
368:magistrate
274:), one in
216:Swellendam
208:Malmesbury
178:, and the
119:Feudal era
111:majordomus
72:Low German
615:Flevoland
450:Zuyderzee
394:Friesland
364:Afrikaans
334:Cape Town
322:heemraden
243:Worcester
224:Uitenhage
133:seneschal
91:Truchsess
50:seneschal
18:Landdrost
564:Tudderen
511:Drossard
456:Maasland
351:and the
150:In many
75:Drost(e)
568:TĂŒddern
537:Hanover
488:Zeeland
440:Holland
398:Prefect
380:Drenthe
338:Wynberg
316:In the
280:Winburg
212:Tulbagh
161:of the
159:estates
129:steward
83:cognate
62:English
54:steward
41:, from
306:Kaptyn
276:Durban
239:Albany
231:George
174:, the
170:, the
143:, and
105:(from
98:German
87:German
579:Elten
204:Paarl
107:Latin
102:Meier
94:); or
85:with
65:reeve
39:drost
31:Dutch
340:and
285:The
262:The
250:Boer
233:and
222:and
154:and
35:land
210:),
131:or
77:of
60:an
52:or
668::
585:)
370:.
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344:.
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147:.
114:).
70:a
566:(
282:.
270:(
237:(
81:(
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