566:. On 22 March 1949, the Allies agreed to let the Netherlands occupy and annex some German border territories. These included the municipalities of Havert, Hillensberg, Millen, SĂŒsterseel, TĂŒddern (Dutch: Tudderen), Wehr, parts of Höngen, Gangelt, Schumm, Saeffelen as well as Elten and Hoch-Elten.
176:
the term
Landdrost or Drost(e) described the chief executive official of a military, jurisdictional and/or police ambit, representing his lord-paramount of the territory, therefore often appearing with the affix 'land-'. Among the many territories using the term were the
545:
with the UK, adopted the term for its administrative subdivisions called
Landdrostei (sg.), each presided over by a Landdrost, with those terms then translated into English as High-Bailiwick and High-Bailiff. On 1 April 1885 the terms were replaced in
652:
A new and complete
Dictionary of the English and German Languages with two Sketches of Grammar/Neues vollstÀndiges Wörterbuch der englischen und deutschen Sprache nebst einem kurzen Abrisse der englischen und der deutschen
453:(only 1840 divided in the present two provinces North â and South Holland) as such never had a Landdrost; however, while the Amstel, Delf and Texel dĂ©partements were only under Commissioners, these temporary fractions did:
270:
had only one "national" landdrost (appointed by the revolutionary rĂ©gime that regarded itself as being part of the Dutch republic), 6 February 1795 â 22 August 1796: Friedrich Carl David Gerotz (1739â1828)
437:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 â 1 January 1811 Hendrik Ludolf Wichers (b. 1747 â d. 1840), next two Prefects of Ems-Occidental, then Governors
563:
443:(Noord-Brabant), after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807) had one Landdrost, 8 May 1807 â 1810: Paul Emanuel Anthony de la Court (b. 1760 â d. 1848), next a Prefect of
429:
1810 â February 1811 Verstolk van Soelen; next a
Prefect (February 1811 â 1 December 1813 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 â d. 1813), afterwards Governors
612:
This situation lasted until 11 August 1963, when all territories were returned except for minor frontier adjustments, following German agreement to pay war compensation.
407:(Dutch Frisia), after several Administrators, had one Landdrost: 8 May 1807 â February 1811 Regnerus Livius van Andringa de Kempenaer (b. 1752 â d. 1813), next a
485:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 1 January 1810) had one Landdrost, 1 January 1810 â 1811: Petrus Hofstede (b. 1755 â d. 1839), then two Prefects of
524:
as Chief
Justice, 1754 â 1794: Philippe Joseph DieudonnĂ©, graaf van Woestenraedt) was simply annexed to France as one of the 'Belgian' provinces, dĂ©partement
459:, formed in 1807 from Amsterdam and northern part of département Holland, until it was on 9 July 1810 merged with Utrecht into French département
469:, in 1807 a dĂ©partement formed from The Hague and southern parts of dĂ©partement of Holland, had a single Landdrost, May 1807 â November 1807:
162:
697:
495:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 1806) had one Landdrost, 1806 â 1811: Jan Hendrik van Lynden (b. 1765 â d. 1854), then Governors
378:
629:
692:
343:, in charge of civil divisions â the Cape Peninsula was a single division (the Cape division) with three magisterial districts:
182:
178:
303:
1852 â 1855: Andreas
Theodorus Spies (1800â1889), who was already in office before the settlement declared itself a republic
682:
592:(subordinated to the Dutch government up to September 1951, then to the Commissioner of the Queen -i.e. Governor- for
687:
621:
245:
569:
The Dutch annexation effectively started on 23 April that year, with the following two jurisdictions declared:
282:
218:
253:
399:
1 January 1810 â 1811 Jan
Adriaan, baron van Zuylen van Nijevelt (b. 1776 â d. 1840); next it had Governors
508:
412:
359:
582:
581:
in German) (directly subordinated to the Dutch government up to
September 1951, then to the Governor of
470:
600:
562:
After World War II, the old landdrost title was re-used for two extraordinary jurisdictions within the
249:
241:
190:
606:
October 1961 â August 1963: Baron Hans Georg
Inundat van Tuyll van Serooskerken (b. 1917 â d. 1988)
547:
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474:
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274:
667:
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district), while Lord
Charles Somerset moved the seat of the Tulbagh district to the new town of
166:
574:
473:(b. 1749 â d. 1823), then Prefects (continuing when on 9 July 1810 renamed French dĂ©partement
363:
202:
173:
151:
578:
507:
8 September 1809 â 16 March 1810 François Ermerins (b. 1753 â d. 1840); next two Prefects of
352:
551:
492:
423:
8 May 1807 â 14 November 1807: Gerrit Willem Joseph, baron van Lamswerde (b. 1758 â d. 1837)
358:
In the Boer republics, each proclaimed district had a landdrost. With the annexation of the
297:
278:
139:
89:
64:
146:
under the local lord, exercising various functions depending on the endlessly varied local
444:
366:
during the Boer War, the office fell away, the landdrosts being replaced by British-style
169:
97:
75:
542:
517:
213:, and further landdrosts were appointed as new districts were proclaimed: Drakenstein (
186:
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14 November 1807 â 1 January 1811 Johan Arend de Vos van Steenwijk (b. 1746 â d. 1813)
676:
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230:
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135:
108:
393:
province, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had two Landdrosts:
59:
which originally referred to a lordâs chief retainer (who later became the medieval
315:
A similar gubernatorial role in other Boer polities was played by officials styled
210:
53:
37:
447:
department (9 July 1810 â 1814 Nicolas, baron FrĂ©min de Beaumont), then Governors
331:, an ordinance passed in 1827 abolished the old Dutch "landdrost" and courts of
328:
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33:
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82:
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460:
404:
374:
344:
234:
143:
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60:
501:, after Administrators (17 February 1795 â 8 May 1807) had two Landdrosts:
463:, had one Landdrost, 1807 â 9 July 1810: Jan van Styrum (b. 1757 â d. 1829)
138:â where various titles were in use for similar offices â was essentially a
339:, who would act only in English. Most of the Capeâs magistrates were also
655:, 6th, rev. and enriched ed., Leipsic: Otto Holtze, 1875, p. 283. No ISBN
466:
420:, after Administrators (16 February 1795 â 8 May 1807), had Landdrosts:
17:
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polities that seceded after the British took over the colony, notably:
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411:(1811 â 13 December 1813 January: Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen), then
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32:
was the title of various officials with local jurisdiction in the
260:
396:
8 May 1807 â 1 January 1810 Petrus Hofstede (b. 1755 â d. 1839)
628:, the newly claimed area was governed by the landdrost of the
309:
February 1856 â 8 May 1858: Andreas Theodorus Spies (2nd time)
259:
It came to more gubernatorial significance in some of the
504:
8 May 1807 â 1809 Abraham van Doorn (b. 1760 â d. 1814)
554:(governorate) and RegierungsprÀsident (governor).
57:drossÄte (droes-state, bloke-castle, state-holder)
240:Under the British, new districts were created at
633:(Public Body of the Southern IJsselmeer Polders)
319:('captain', in the original sense of Headman).
635:until it was partitioned into municipalities.
630:Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
616:Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
8:
373:Since 1958, "landdros" has been used as the
36:and a number of former territories in the
585:province): 1949 â 1963 Hubert M.J. Dassen
558:Post-World War II Dutch-occupied Germany
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201:The office was also introduced in the
7:
511:(9 July 1810 â 1814), then Governors
335:, instead substituting British-type
277:appointed three landdrosts: one in
300:had three consecutive landdrosts:
25:
385:Netherlands under Napoleonic rule
150:, e.g. tax collection, policing,
650:Cf. Jakob Heinrich Kaltschmidt,
599:April 1949 â October 1961: Dr.
564:Dutch Occupation Zone in Germany
477:) until it was in 1814 abolished
323:Civil Commissioners, magistrates
306:1855 â February 1856: J.C. Steyn
289:(an English trader) and one in
624:, now part of the province of
183:Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim
179:Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen
1:
209:. The first was appointed in
163:Lower Rhenish and Westphalian
622:Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders
698:Afrikaans words and phrases
668:WorldStatesmen South Africa
134:Originally, a drost in the
714:
620:After the creation of the
693:Dutch words and phrases
533:In 19th century Hanover
413:Commissarissen-generaal
283:Jacobus Nicolaas Boshof
360:South African Republic
156:carrying out sentences
528:'Lower Maas (=Meuse)'
471:Jacob Abraham de Mist
48:meaning "region" and
683:Gubernatorial titles
337:resident magistrates
191:Duchy of Mecklenburg
603:(b. 1906 â d. 1961)
588:two Landdrosten of
520:(which had had one
509:Bouches-de-l'Escaut
475:Bouches-de-la-Meuse
341:civil commissioners
275:Republic of Natalia
205:established at the
539:Kingdom of Hanover
487:Bouches-de-l'Yssel
435:Groningen province
67:), equivalent to:
688:Dutch Cape Colony
601:Adriaan Blaauboer
364:Orange Free State
207:Cape of Good Hope
174:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
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656:
648:
552:Regierungsbezirk
526:Meuse-Inférieure
493:Utrecht province
298:Utrecht Republic
279:Pietermaritzburg
90:Northern Germany
40:. The term is a
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550:by the terms
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537:In 1823 the
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211:Stellenbosch
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54:Middle Dutch
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38:Dutch Empire
28:
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653:Sprachlehre
489:(1811â1814)
377:term for a
368:magistrates
329:Cape Colony
246:Grahamstown
167:Lower Saxon
152:prosecution
78:or steward;
34:Netherlands
677:Categories
639:References
594:Gelderland
541:, then in
516:Meanwhile
483:Overijssel
457:Amstelland
418:Gelderland
379:magistrate
285:), one in
227:Swellendam
219:Malmesbury
189:, and the
130:Feudal era
122:majordomus
83:Low German
626:Flevoland
461:Zuyderzee
405:Friesland
375:Afrikaans
345:Cape Town
333:heemraden
254:Worcester
235:Uitenhage
144:seneschal
102:Truchsess
61:seneschal
29:Landdrost
575:Tudderen
522:Drossard
467:Maasland
362:and the
161:In many
86:Drost(e)
18:Landrost
579:TĂŒddern
548:Hanover
499:Zeeland
451:Holland
409:Prefect
391:Drenthe
349:Wynberg
327:In the
291:Winburg
223:Tulbagh
172:of the
170:estates
140:steward
94:cognate
73:English
65:steward
52:, from
317:Kaptyn
287:Durban
250:Albany
242:George
185:, the
181:, the
154:, and
116:(from
109:German
98:German
590:Elten
215:Paarl
118:Latin
113:Meier
105:); or
96:with
76:reeve
50:drost
42:Dutch
351:and
296:The
273:The
261:Boer
244:and
233:and
165:and
46:land
221:),
142:or
88:of
71:an
63:or
679::
596:)
381:.
370:.
355:.
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256:.
237:.
229:,
225:,
193:.
158:.
125:).
81:a
577:(
293:.
281:(
248:(
92:(
20:)
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