618:, while the Menat specimen does not. However, this difference can only be properly evaluated in 3 dimensional specimens. Matsumoto and colleagues (2013) declined to create a new species for the Menat specimen despite it being "most certainly specifically distinct" because "species diagnoses must be based on clear morphological differences and this is problematic for the Menat specimen" going on to state that "Size and preservation could .... explain many or all of the observed differences between the specimens".
1750:
136:
2116:
2099:
115:
451:
415:
in France. The specimen, which is an almost complete articulated skeleton (BDL 1819) is largely preserved as an impression, with remnants of disintegrating bone and some preserved soft tissue. The remains were not assigned to a species however, because it could not be robustly diagnosed separately
601:
but the crest on the ribs of the 9th vertebra is limited. In the Menat specimen, the crest is present on all cervical ribs, including a particularly strong crest on the rib of the ninth vertebra. However, this contrast may be due to missalignment of vertebral counts as mentioned previously. The
641:
preserves some remnants of soft tissue, but no scales, which shows that the hindfoot (pes) was not webbed, and a dark stained region with a crenellated edge is present above the caudal vertebrae of the tail, suggestive of a crest similar to those found in some living reptiles, like the
555:
equal or nearly equal in length to the parietal plate, directed posteriorly with less than 30 degrees of angulation and only weakly concave, resulting in the upper temporal fenestra being elongated and almost rectangular in shape, with an anterior-posterior long axis, nine
569:
is distinguished by having postparietal processes only 1/3 of the length of the parietal plate, which are angulated greater than 45 degrees laterally and a concave lateral margin, resulting in the upper temporal fenestrae being smaller and more ovoid in comparison to
1624:
Matsumoto, Ryoko; Dong, Liping; Wang, Yuan; Evans, Susan E. (2019). "The first record of a nearly complete choristodere (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper
Jurassic of Hebei Province, People's Republic of China". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 0 (0): 1–18.
560:
are present, the posterior portion of the trunk vertebrae have spinous processes below the postzygapophyses that act as additional articular surfaces, four functional sacral vertebrae are present, of which the first is a sacrodorsal, and a slender T-shaped
387:, was described from isolated skull bones and vertebrae from the Early-Middle Miocene sediments of the Merkur-North locality in the north-west Czech Republic. The species was named after Zdeněk Dvořák who had collected the specimens. In 2008, remains of
1591:
Evans, Susan E.; Hecht, Max K. (1993). "A History of an
Extinct Reptilian Clade, the Choristodera: Longevity, Lazarus-Taxa, and the Fossil Record". In Max K. Hecht; Ross J. MacIntyre; Michael T. Clegg (eds.).
683:
was initially interpreted as the basalmost member of
Choristodera, meaning that its lineage must have been the earliest to branch off from the group. Since the first definitive choristoderes appear in the
724:, which has been recovered by most subsequent analyses. The clade was informally named the "Allochoristodera" by Dong and colleagues (2020). This position significantly shortens the ghost lineage of
606:
was described as T-shaped in its initial description, however the main part of the bone is not visible, and only a strong lateral process is visible. In contrast, the Menat specimen interclavicle is
1508:
Böhme, M. Ectothermic vertebrates (Teleostei, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Testudines, Choristodera, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Upper
Oligocene of Oberleichtersbach (Northern Bavaria, Germany).
1463:
Matsumoto, R.; Buffetaut, E.; Escuillie, F.; Hervet, S.; Evans, S. E. (2013). "New material of the choristodere
Lazarussuchus (Diapsida, Choristodera) from the Paleocene of France".
728:, although there is still a gap between the disappearance of small-bodied, lizard-like choristoderes at the end of the Early Cretaceous and their reappearance in the form of
577:
The Menat specimen is distinguished by having 40 maxillary teeth and a total of 52 teeth in the upper jaw as opposed to 11 premaxillary and 24 maxillary tooth positions in
2181:
1522:
Böhme, Madelaine; Spassov, Nikolai; Fuss, Jochen; Tröscher, Adrian; Deane, Andrew S.; Prieto, Jérôme; Kirscher, Uwe; Lechner, Thomas; Begun, David R. (2019-11-21).
732:
in the
Paleocene. Possible lizard-like choristoderes have been found in Late Cretaceous North American deposits, although their remains are very fragmentary.
473:
being just over 30 centimetres (0.98 ft), and a skull length of around 4.5 centimetres (1.8 in) According to
Matsumoto and colleagues (2013)
1523:
1407:
Evans, Susan E.; Klembara, Jozef (2005). "A choristoderan reptile (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Lower
Miocene of northwest Bohemia (Czech Republic)".
2168:
533:
are broad and sickle shaped, and are large relative to the size of the vertebrae, the ectepicondylar groove of the humerus is bridged to form a
2270:
1783:
673:
came from the Late
Oligocene, meaning that it extended the fossil range of Choristodera by several million years. At the time of its discovery
501:, the nasal bones do not touch the maxillae, the bones on the hind portion of the skull are ornamented with a coarse tuberculous texture, the
2255:
2245:
1609:
2240:
677:
was considered an example of the
Lazarus effect because its "unexpected" presence followed a long gap in the choristodere fossil record.
2275:
2260:
2250:
2265:
666:
354:
1365:
Hecht, M.K. (1992). "A new choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Oligocene of France: an example of the Lazarus effect".
416:
from the two named species. In 2019, in the supplementary information for the paper describing the remains of the extinct ape
1739:
329:
from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic. It was not a large animal; with the total preserved body and tail length of
597:
specimen suggesting a vertebra could be missing or obscured. The ribs tuberculum and capitulum are joined by a crest in
135:
399:, Germany. Remains included 25 bones, and was suggested to probably represent a new species. In 2013, a specimen of
1776:
1699:
1420:
337:
with preserved soft tissue was found from the Late Paleocene of France, but has not been assigned to a species.
665:
went extinct at the start of the Eocene, possibly due to climatic changes happening at this time, known as the
2098:
427:
574:
with a antero-medial to posterolateral long axis, and the trunk vertebrae lack articular spinal processes.
2136:
1638:
Dong, Liping; Matsumoto, Ryoko; Kusuhashi, Nao; Wang, Yuanqing; Wang, Yuan; Evans, Susan E. (2020-08-02).
510:
2235:
2207:
2119:
1769:
615:
585:. The Menat specimen is interpreted to have 10 cervical vertebrae, as opposed to the nine reported for
412:
610:
in shape, but the lateral processes are incomplete, making comparison difficult. The type specimen of
1708:
1651:
1639:
1538:
1524:"Supplementary Information:A new Miocene ape and locomotion in the ancestor of great apes and humans"
1472:
1374:
1865:
1755:
657:
is the youngest member of the group Choristodera and the only choristodere to have lived after the
435:
417:
1675:
1570:
1488:
1432:
557:
518:
271:
130:
2212:
700:, it was placed as the sister group of neochoristoderes. Matsumoto and colleagues (2013) placed
2194:
2186:
2010:
1667:
1605:
1562:
1554:
1424:
1169:
721:
548:
392:
2199:
1973:
1716:
1659:
1597:
1546:
1480:
1416:
1382:
717:
502:
2065:
2028:
820:
685:
662:
498:
408:
291:
1640:"A new choristodere (Reptilia: Choristodera) from an Aptian–Albian coal deposit in China"
696:
of choristoderes spanning at least 100 million years. However in the 2005 description of
1712:
1655:
1542:
1476:
1378:
2003:
1955:
1327:
1034:
781:
514:
377:
fossils, and resembled the most primitive choristodere known, the Middle-Late Jurassic
315:
299:
295:
1386:
2229:
2072:
2037:
1996:
1982:
1941:
1679:
1574:
1492:
1212:
1187:
1019:
948:
897:
799:
693:
562:
552:
370:
303:
71:
1721:
1694:
1436:
589:, however the 10th cervical vertebra of the Menat specimen is similar to the 9th of
2058:
2044:
1928:
1903:
1877:
1792:
1335:
834:
709:
526:
374:
319:
287:
216:
190:
1663:
306:
and possibly Late Miocene deposits (~56-20 or possibly 11.6 million years ago) in
1484:
1962:
1948:
1601:
1318:
is assumed to have fed on invertebrates. At Oberleichtersbach and Merkur-North,
756:
506:
379:
279:
114:
46:
704:, the oldest known choristodere, as the most basal member of the group and has
2051:
1850:
1828:
1745:
1550:
1330:
1323:
582:
522:
494:
490:
482:
477:
is distinguished from all other known choristoderes by the presence of paired
91:
56:
2159:
1671:
1558:
1428:
439:
404:
147:
96:
40:
30:
1566:
450:
2153:
2079:
1822:
1816:
867:
607:
362:
358:
283:
167:
86:
81:
66:
61:
51:
2173:
1989:
1834:
1230:
643:
538:
534:
486:
478:
431:
396:
311:
177:
101:
76:
34:
469:
like in appearance, with the total preserved body and tail length of
1810:
658:
466:
307:
157:
2130:
353:
were described in 1992 from a mostly complete articulated skeleton (
325:("unexpected") (Hecht, 1992) from the late Oligocene of France. and
713:
449:
442:
stage of the Late Miocene, approximately 11.62 million years ago.
290:, an extinct order of aquatic reptiles that first appeared in the
275:
1326:
climate. Occurring alongside fish, frogs, turtles, squamates and
366:
2134:
1803:
1765:
1761:
497:
by the premaxillae and wedged between the anterior tips of the
434:, Bavaria, Germany. The Hammerschmiede locality has been dated
593:, and there is a gap between the 8th and 9th vertebrae of the
530:
614:
has plantar tubercles present on the proximal portion of the
509:
bones are fused into a combined postorbitofrontal, the lower
1421:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0171:ACRRDF]2.0.CO;2
735:
Phylogeny from the analysis of Dong and colleagues (2020):
1695:"Choristoderes and the freshwater assemblages of Laurasia"
720:
of Asia, united by the shared condition of closed lower
629:, alongside other unspecified cranial bone differences.
581:, however, it cannot be ruled out that these are due to
489:
in the anterior part of the rostrum, the slender paired
333:
being just over 30 centimetres. A complete specimen of
1742:- brief article on the fossil record of choristoderes
361:
aged sediments of the Armissan limestone quarry near
391:
were reported from the Upper Oligocene sediments of
246:
223:
2143:
2027:
1972:
1927:
1876:
1849:
454:Restoration of the skull of the Menat specimen of
1322:was found in continental lake deposits, with a
357:no Re 437, coll. Gennevaux 92813) found in the
286:of Europe. It is the youngest known member of
1777:
716:of small-bodied choristoderes known from the
8:
547:is distinguished by having the postparietal
2131:
1933:
1924:
1920:
1855:
1846:
1800:
1784:
1770:
1762:
1314:Although no gut contents have been found,
373:", as the remains were the youngest known
113:
20:
1720:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
369:, France. The genus was named after the "
621:The premaxilla of the Oberleichtersbach
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1586:
1584:
1510:Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
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7:
1504:
1502:
1644:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1204:
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1099:
1087:
1041:
1011:
955:
904:
826:
816:
773:
748:
738:
529:are broad and flattened, the trunk
318:. Two species have been named: the
1625:doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1494220.
1465:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1409:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
669:. The first discovered fossils of
14:
525:and postorbitofrontal bones, the
513:are closed by the joining of the
2115:
2114:
2097:
1748:
667:Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum
349:, belonging to the type species
134:
1722:10.5209/rev_jige.2010.v36.n2.11
541:is slender and parallel sided.
481:high on the rostrum, elongated
1693:Matsumoto R, Evans SE (2010).
1596:. Springer. pp. 323–338.
107:(Possible Late Miocene record)
1:
2271:Fossil taxa described in 1992
1664:10.1080/14772019.2020.1749147
1594:Evolutionary Biology, vol. 27
1387:10.1016/S0016-6995(09)90041-9
688:, the lineage represented by
294:. Fossils have been found in
274:'s crocodile") is an extinct
2256:Oligocene reptiles of Europe
2246:Paleocene reptiles of Europe
1485:10.1080/02724634.2012.716274
465:was small and superficially
403:was described from the late
2241:Paleocene first appearances
1602:10.1007/978-1-4615-2878-4_8
458:in dorsal and lateral views
422:, indeterminate remains of
383:. In 2005 another species,
2292:
2276:Prehistoric reptile genera
2261:Miocene reptiles of Europe
1700:Journal of Iberian Geology
646:, lizards and crocodiles.
228:Lazarussuchus inexpectatus
2251:Eocene reptiles of Europe
2110:
2095:
1936:
1923:
1919:
1900:
1858:
1845:
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1551:10.1038/s41586-019-1731-0
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355:Claude Bernard University
243:
238:
222:
215:
131:Scientific classification
129:
121:
112:
23:
16:Extinct genus of reptiles
625:is shorter than that of
436:magnetostratigraphically
282:reptile, known from the
256:Evans and Klembara, 2005
2266:Burdigalian extinctions
1333:belonging to the genus
852:Ikechosaurus sunailinae
537:, and the blade of the
428:Hammerschmiede clay pit
426:were reported from the
637:The Menat specimen of
459:
2208:Paleobiology Database
661:. The crocodile-like
650:Age and relationships
453:
345:The first remains of
29:Temporal range: Late
1512:260, 161–183 (2008).
692:implied a very long
1756:Paleontology portal
1713:2010JIbG...36..253M
1656:2020JSPal..18.1223D
1543:2019Natur.575..489B
1477:2013JVPal..33..319M
1379:1992Geobi..25..115H
1007:"Allochoristodera"
438:to the base of the
722:temporal fenestrae
712:position within a
558:cervical vertebrae
511:temporal fenestrae
485:which replace the
483:premaxillary bones
460:
413:Menat, Puy-de-Dôme
122:Reconstruction of
2223:
2222:
2195:Open Tree of Life
2137:Taxon identifiers
2128:
2127:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2011:Khurendukhosaurus
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1896:
1895:
1650:(15): 1223–1242.
1611:978-1-4613-6248-7
1537:(7783): 489–493.
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1260:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1170:Khurendukhosaurus
1148:
1147:
1074:
1073:
997:
996:
988:
987:
937:
936:
885:Tchoiria klauseni
602:interclavicle of
393:Oberleichtersbach
263:
262:
257:
211:
2283:
2216:
2215:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2132:
2118:
2117:
2101:
1974:Allochoristodera
1934:
1925:
1921:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1839:
1801:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1506:
1497:
1496:
1460:
1441:
1440:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1362:
1205:
1162:
1100:
1088:
1042:
1012:
956:
905:
827:
817:
774:
749:
739:
718:Early Cretaceous
663:neochoristoderes
616:fifth metatarsal
599:L. inexpectatus,
572:L. inexpectatus,
499:prefrontal bones
255:
248:
225:
209:
202:
189:
139:
138:
117:
106:
43:
21:
2291:
2290:
2286:
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2281:
2280:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2172:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2102:
2085:
2066:Mengshanosaurus
2029:Neochoristodera
2023:
1968:
1907:
1892:
1872:
1841:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1790:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1637:
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1612:
1590:
1589:
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1526:
1521:
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1516:
1507:
1500:
1462:
1461:
1444:
1406:
1405:
1394:
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1350:
1345:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1149:
1107:L. inexpectatus
1075:
998:
989:
938:
821:Neochoristodera
686:Middle Jurassic
652:
635:
627:L. inexpectatus
612:L. inexpectatus
604:L. inexpectatus
595:L. inexpectatus
591:L. inexpectatus
587:L. inexpectatus
579:L. inexpectatus
545:L. inexpectatus
493:are overlapped
471:L. inexpectatus
448:
409:Menat Formation
359:Upper Oligocene
351:L. inexpectatus
343:
331:L. inexpectatus
323:L. inexpectatus
292:Middle Jurassic
254:
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231:
208:
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133:
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2191:
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2165:
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2111:
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2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2031:
2025:
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2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2004:Philydrosaurus
2000:
1993:
1986:
1978:
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1959:
1956:Heishanosaurus
1952:
1945:
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1744:
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1740:Ghost lineages
1735:
1734:External links
1732:
1729:
1728:
1707:(2): 253–274.
1685:
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1442:
1415:(1): 171–184.
1392:
1373:(1): 115–131.
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1344:
1341:
1320:Lazaurussuchus
1311:
1308:
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1035:Philydrosaurus
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927:C. albertensis
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888:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
863:
860:
859:
856:
855:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
830:
825:
823:
815:
813:
810:
809:
806:
805:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
782:Heishanosaurus
777:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
762:
752:
747:
745:
737:
651:
648:
634:
631:
447:
444:
371:Lazarus Effect
342:
339:
316:Czech Republic
300:Late Oligocene
296:Late Paleocene
261:
260:
259:
258:
241:
240:
239:Other species
236:
235:
232:
220:
219:
213:
212:
198:
194:
193:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
119:
118:
110:
109:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
44:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2288:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2145:Lazarussuchus
2142:
2138:
2133:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:Simoedosaurus
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2038:Champsosaurus
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2018:Lazarussuchus
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:Monjurosuchus
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1983:Hyphalosaurus
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:Coeruleodraco
1939:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1757:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1618:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1331:crocodillians
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:Lazarussuchus
1309:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:lingyuanensis
1214:
1213:Hyphalosaurus
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1188:Hyphalosaurus
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Lazarussuchus
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1093:Lazarussuchus
1090:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:Monjurosuchus
1014:
1013:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
984:
983:
980:
979:
978:S. dakotensis
973:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
958:
957:
951:
950:
949:Simoedosaurus
946:
945:
942:
941:
933:
932:
929:
928:
922:
921:
918:
917:
914:
913:
907:
906:
900:
899:
898:Champsosaurus
895:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
869:
862:
861:
858:
857:
854:
853:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:pijiagouensis
836:
829:
828:
822:
819:
818:
812:
811:
808:
807:
804:
803:
801:
800:Coeruleodraco
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
783:
776:
775:
769:
768:
765:
764:
761:
759:
758:
751:
750:
744:
741:
740:
736:
733:
731:
730:Lazarussuchus
727:
726:Lazarussuchus
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Lazarussuchus
703:
699:
695:
694:ghost lineage
691:
690:Lazarussuchus
687:
682:
681:Lazarussuchus
678:
676:
675:Lazarussuchus
672:
671:Lazarussuchus
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Lazarussuchus
649:
647:
645:
640:
639:Lazarussuchus
632:
630:
628:
624:
623:Lazarussuchus
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
568:
564:
563:interclavicle
559:
554:
553:parietal bone
550:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:cervical ribs
524:
520:
519:quadratojugal
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:Lazarussuchus
472:
468:
464:
463:Lazarussuchus
457:
456:Lazarussuchus
452:
445:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Lazarussuchus
421:
420:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Lazurussuchus
398:
394:
390:
389:Lazarussuchus
386:
382:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:Lazarussuchus
340:
338:
336:
335:Lazarussuchus
332:
328:
324:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Early Miocene
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:
267:Lazarussuchus
253:
252:
245:
244:
242:
237:
230:
229:
221:
218:
214:
207:
206:
205:Lazarussuchus
199:
196:
195:
192:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:Lazarussuchus
120:
116:
111:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
36:
32:
26:
25:Lazarussuchus
22:
19:
2236:Choristodera
2144:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2059:Liaoxisaurus
2057:
2050:
2045:Ikechosaurus
2043:
2036:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1929:Choristodera
1904:Choristodera
1902:
1878:Choristodera
1821:Superclass:
1793:Choristodera
1704:
1698:
1688:
1647:
1643:
1620:
1593:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1509:
1468:
1464:
1412:
1408:
1370:
1366:
1336:Diplocynodon
1334:
1328:alligatoroid
1319:
1315:
1313:
1310:Paleoecology
1229:
1228:
1211:
1210:
1186:
1185:
1168:
1167:
1137:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1064:P. proseilus
1063:
1062:
1049:P. proseilus
1048:
1047:
1033:
1018:
1017:
977:
976:
962:
961:
947:
926:
925:
911:
910:
896:
884:
883:
866:
865:
851:
850:
835:Ikechosaurus
833:
832:
798:
797:
780:
779:
755:
754:
743:Choristodera
742:
734:
729:
725:
705:
701:
697:
689:
680:
679:
674:
670:
654:
653:
638:
636:
626:
622:
620:
611:
603:
598:
594:
590:
586:
578:
576:
571:
566:
544:
543:
474:
470:
462:
461:
455:
423:
418:
400:
395:in northern
388:
384:
378:
375:choristodere
350:
346:
344:
334:
330:
326:
322:
320:type species
288:Choristodera
266:
265:
264:
250:
249:
227:
226:
217:Type species
204:
203:
191:Choristodera
123:
24:
18:
1963:Irenosaurus
1949:Cteniogenys
1324:subtropical
963:S. lemoinei
757:Cteniogenys
702:Cteniogenys
633:Soft tissue
507:postfrontal
503:postorbital
491:nasal bones
446:Description
380:Cteniogenys
233:Hecht, 1992
210:Hecht, 1992
39:61–20
2230:Categories
2052:Kosmodraco
1887:see below↓
1866:Sauropsida
1851:Sauropsida
1833:Subclass:
1829:Sauropsida
1471:(2): 319.
1343:References
1138:L. dvoraki
802:jurassicus
708:in a more
698:L. dvoraki
567:L. dvoraki
495:anteriorly
385:L. dvoraki
327:L. dvoraki
314:, and the
280:amphibious
270:(meaning "
251:L. dvoraki
1823:Tetrapoda
1809:Kingdom:
1680:219047160
1672:1477-2019
1575:207888156
1559:0028-0836
1493:129438118
1429:0272-4634
1022:splendens
583:allometry
549:processes
515:squamosal
440:Tortonian
405:Paleocene
341:Discovery
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
31:Paleocene
2154:Wikidata
2120:Category
2080:Tchoiria
1835:Diapsida
1817:Chordata
1815:Phylum:
1811:Animalia
1567:31695194
1437:84097919
912:C. gigas
868:Tchoiria
784:pygmaeus
608:rhomboid
487:maxillae
419:Danuvius
363:Narbonne
284:Cenozoic
178:Reptilia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
33:- Early
2200:4127340
2187:1188761
2174:4822407
2160:Q222698
1990:Shokawa
1827:Class:
1709:Bibcode
1652:Bibcode
1539:Bibcode
1473:Bibcode
1375:Bibcode
1367:Geobios
1231:Shokawa
870:namsari
710:derived
644:tuatara
551:of the
539:scapula
535:foramen
432:Pforzen
397:Bavaria
312:Germany
272:Lazarus
197:Genus:
184:Order:
174:Class:
35:Miocene
2213:202121
1678:
1670:
1608:
1573:
1565:
1557:
1531:Nature
1491:
1435:
1427:
1172:orlovi
659:Eocene
467:lizard
308:France
2182:IRMNG
1676:S2CID
1571:S2CID
1527:(PDF)
1489:S2CID
1433:S2CID
714:clade
523:jugal
479:nares
430:near
411:near
407:aged
276:genus
2169:GBIF
1864:see
1668:ISSN
1606:ISBN
1563:PMID
1555:ISSN
1425:ISSN
1233:ikoi
1191:sp.
1124:sp.
760:sp.
531:ribs
505:and
367:Aude
47:PreꞒ
1717:doi
1660:doi
1598:doi
1547:doi
1535:575
1481:doi
1417:doi
1383:doi
365:in
278:of
2232::
2210::
2197::
2184::
2171::
2156::
1715:.
1705:36
1703:.
1697:.
1674:.
1666:.
1658:.
1648:18
1646:.
1642:.
1630:^
1604:.
1583:^
1569:.
1561:.
1553:.
1545:.
1533:.
1529:.
1501:^
1487:.
1479:.
1469:33
1467:.
1445:^
1431:.
1423:.
1413:25
1411:.
1395:^
1381:.
1371:25
1369:.
1351:^
565:.
521:,
517:,
310:,
302:,
298:,
97:Pg
41:Ma
1785:e
1778:t
1771:v
1725:.
1719::
1711::
1682:.
1662::
1654::
1614:.
1600::
1577:.
1549::
1541::
1495:.
1483::
1475::
1439:.
1419::
1389:.
1385::
1377::
1338:.
247:†
224:†
201:†
188:†
102:N
92:K
87:J
82:T
77:P
72:C
67:D
62:S
57:O
52:Ꞓ
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