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487:. An informal group developed in the Statistical Laboratory, which was located in his room at the Presidency College, Calcutta. On 17 December 1931 Mahalanobis called a meeting with Pramatha Nath Banerji (Minto Professor of Economics), Nikhil Ranjan Sen (Khaira Professor of Applied Mathematics) and Sir
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Mahalanobis distance is one of the most widely used metrics to find how much a point diverges from a distribution, based on measurements in multiple dimensions. It is widely used in the field of cluster analysis and classification. It was first proposed by
Mahalanobis in 1930 in context of his study
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to join him at the ISI; Haldane joined as a
Research Professor from August 1957, staying until February 1961. He resigned from the ISI due to frustrations with the administration and disagreements with Mahalanobis' policies. He was concerned with the frequent travels and absence of the director and
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to come up with the conclusion that the sample represented a mix of
Europeans mainly with people from Bengal and Punjab but not with those from the Northwest Frontier Provinces or from Chhota Nagpur. He also concluded that the intermixture more frequently involved the higher castes than the lower
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In later life, Mahalanobis was a member of the planning commission contributed prominently to newly independent India's five-year plans starting from the second. In the second five-year plan he emphasized industrialization on the basis of a two-sector model. His variant of
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The institute was initially in the
Physics Department of the Presidency College; its expenditure in the first year was Rs. 238. It gradually grew with the pioneering work of a group of his colleagues, including S. S. Bose, J. M. Sengupta,
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and he chose to ask the questions on what factors influence the formation of
European and Indian marriages. He wanted to examine if the Indian side came from any specific castes. He used the data collected by Annandale and the caste-specific measurements made by
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and co-author
Valerie Kozel wrote in 2005: "Where Mahalanobis and India led, the rest of the world has followed, so that today, most countries have a recent household income or expenditure survey. Most countries, can only envy India in its statistical capacity".
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and his host's friend M. A. Candeth suggested that he could try joining there, which he did. He did well in his studies at King's, but also took an interest in cross-country walking and punting on the river. He interacted with the mathematical genius
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Gurucharan's younger son, Prabodh
Chandra (1869–1942), was the father of P. C. Mahalanobis. Born in the house at 210 Cornwallis Street, Mahalanobis grew up in a socially active family surrounded by intellectuals and reformers.
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suggested that a survey system should make use of the existing administrative framework. The differences in opinion led to acrimony and there was little interaction between
Mahalanobis and agricultural research in later years.
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ones. This analysis was described by his first scientific article in 1922. During the course of these studies he found a way of comparing and grouping populations using a multivariate distance measure. This measure, denoted "
633:, is independent of measurement scale. Mahalanobis also took an interest in physical anthropology and in the accurate measurement of skull measurements for which he developed an instrument that he called the "profiloscope".
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Adhikari, B. P. (1990). "Social construction of the statistical estimation of crop yield". Paper presented at the XII World
Congress of Sociology of the International Sociological Association, Madrid, Spain.
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wrote: "No technique of random sample has, so far as I can find, been developed in the United States or elsewhere, which can compare in accuracy with that described by
Professor Mahalanobis" and Sir
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Mahalanobis died on 28 June 1972, a day before his seventy-ninth birthday. Even at this age, he was still active doing research work and discharging his duties as the secretary and director of the
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commented that "The ISI has taken the lead in the original development of the technique of sample surveys, the most potent fact-finding process available to the administration".
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Rao, J. N. K. (2006) Interplay Between Sample Survey Theory and Practice: An Appraisal. Survey Methodology Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 117–138. Statistics Canada, Catalogue No. 12-001
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The institute started a training section in 1938. Many of the early workers left the ISI for careers in the United States and with the government of India. Mahalanobis invited
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Mohan, Rakesh 2007 Statistical system of India – some reflections. Reserve Bank of India, Department of Statistical Analysis and Computer Services, Mumbai, 29 June 2007.
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Born in 1893 of a Bengali Brahmin family, Mahalanobis took a First in mathematics and physics from King's College, Cambridge in 1915 and returned to Calcutta to teach physics.
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have since argued that there is "no other instance of an entirely homegrown institution in a developing country becoming a world leader in a large field of general interest".
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methods. Early surveys began between 1937 and 1944 and included topics such as consumer expenditure, tea-drinking habits, public opinion, crop acreage and plant disease.
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He introduced a method for estimating crop yields which involved statisticians sampling in the fields by cutting crops in a circle of diameter 4 feet. Others such as
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Mukharji, Projit Bihari (2016). "Profiling the profiloscope: Facialization of race technologies and the rise of biometric nationalism in inter-war British India".
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345:). His grandfather Gurucharan (1833–1916) moved to Calcutta in 1854 and built up a business, starting a chemist shop in 1860. Gurucharan was influenced by
297:, and contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys. For his contributions, Mahalanobis has been considered the Father of statistics in India.
1293:. (Expository address delivered on Sep.16, 1987, at Visvesvarayya Auditorium as part of the celebrations of Ramanujan Centenary by the IISC, Bangalore)
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His most important contributions are related to large-scale sample surveys. He introduced the concept of pilot surveys and advocated the usefulness of
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The government of India decided in 2006 to celebrate Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis's birthday, 29 June, every year as "National Statistics Day" of
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This interested him so much that he bought a complete set and took them to India. He discovered the utility of statistics to problems in
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measurements of Anglo-Indians in Calcutta. Mahalanobis had been influenced by the anthropometric studies published in the journal
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complained that the "... journeyings of our Director define a novel random vector." Haldane helped the ISI develop in biometrics.
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The methods pioneered at the institute are now used by the World Bank and the United Nations. As Nobel Prize-winning economist
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Dronamraju, K. R. (1987). "On Some Aspects of the Life and Work of John Burdon Sanderson Haldane, F.R.S., in India".
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was the centre of the Brahmo Samaj. Gurucharan married a widow, an action against social traditions at that time.
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In the 1950s, Mahalanobis played a critical role in the campaign to bring India its first digital computers.
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281:(29 June 1893– 28 June 1972) was an Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the
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Menon, Nikhil (2017). "'Fancy Calculating Machine': Computers and planning in independent India".
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India Unbound: The Social and Economic Revolution from Independence to the Global Information Age
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1458:"Anthropological observations on the Anglo-Indians of Calcutta. Part I. Analysis of male stature"
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in Calcutta, graduating in 1908. He joined the Presidency College, then affiliated with the
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Ghosh, J. K.; P. Maiti; T. J. Rao; B. K. Sinha (1999). "Evolution of Statistics in India".
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Mahalanobis also had an abiding interest in cultural pursuits and served as secretary to
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Economists TN Srinivasan, Rohini Somanathan, Pranab Bardhan and another Nobel-winner
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and as the honorary statistical advisor to the Cabinet of the Government of India.
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In 1959, the institute was declared as an institute of national importance and a
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degree with honours in physics in 1912. He left for England in 1913 to join the
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1348:"National Sample Survey: How India taught the world the art of collecting data"
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712:), particularly during the latter's foreign travels, and also worked at his
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716:, for some time. He received India's second highest civilian award, the
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Ghosh, J. K.; Majumder, P. P. (2005). "Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra".
454:
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
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After returning to England, Mahalanobis was introduced to the journal
1999:
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and V. G. Panse who began to work on crop surveys with the
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353:. Gurucharan was actively involved in social movements such as the
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285:, a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the
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On the occasion of his 125th birth anniversary on 29 June 2018,
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Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education
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released a commemorative coin at a programme at ISI, Kolkata.
450:, beginning to work on problems on his journey back to India.
107:
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for his contribution to science and services to the country.
1121:
Hagger-Johnson, G. (2005). "Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra".
392:, two years his junior at college. Mahalanobis received a
357:, acting as its treasurer and president. His house on 210
523:. The institute also gained major assistance through
349:(1817–1905), father of the Nobel Prize-winning poet,
990:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
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987:(1973). "Prasantha Chandra Mahalanobis 1893-1972".
483:Many colleagues of Mahalanobis took an interest in
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403:After missing a train, he stayed with a friend at
666:Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute
416:during the latter's time at Cambridge. After his
3687:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata
1700:The Price of Aid: The Economic Cold War in India
1217:"Who was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis or 'PCM'?"
1123:Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science
368:Mahalanobis received his early schooling at the
3647:Foreign members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
3627:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
1287:"Srinivasa Ramanujan – His life and his genius"
1075:"Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis : 1893–1972"
599:on racial likeness. From a chance meeting with
376:, where he was taught by teachers who included
3642:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
1761:
845:Desikottam by Visva Bharati University (1961)
818:Sir Deviprasad Sarvadhikari Gold Medal (1957)
27:Indian scientist and statistician (1893–1972)
8:
3712:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
3702:Principals of Presidency University, Kolkata
1264:. Hyderabad: Universities Press. p. 3.
1191:"VP Naidu pays homage to Mahalanobis at ISI"
1100:"Fellowship – Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra"
710:Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia
432:and was invited to take classes in physics.
3727:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
3717:Members of the Planning Commission of India
942:(Supplement). 30 December 1941. p. 24.
534:In 1933, the Institute founded the journal
1768:
1754:
1746:
1040:
1038:
1022:
1020:
313:Mahalanobis was born on 29 June, 1893, in
42:
31:
1680:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis: A Biography
930:
928:
527:, who was a secretary to Prime Minister
3652:Founders of Indian schools and colleges
1056:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
924:
662:Indian Council of Agricultural Research
325:). Mahalanobis belonged to a prominent
287:first Planning Commission of free India
1314:Notes and Records of the Royal Society
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
902:on his 125th birthday on 29 June 2018.
881:Mahalanobis appears in the 2015 movie
3682:Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
967:
965:
963:
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959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
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854:Srinivasa Ramanujan Gold Medal (1968)
842:Durgaprasad Khaitan Gold Medal (1961)
7:
1736:Biography from ISI Bangalore Website
1431:"Analysis of race-mixture in Bengal"
1185:
1183:
743:Mahalanobis on a 1993 stamp of India
420:in physics, Mahalanobis worked with
3697:People associated with Santiniketan
3602:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
3566:
1544:Revue Internationale de Statistique
1219:. The Indian Express. 29 June 2018.
3722:20th-century Indian mathematicians
3632:Fellows of the Econometric Society
708:(about whom he would write in the
25:
479:Mahalanobis memorial at ISI Delhi
3565:
3556:
3555:
3545:
2594:Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
1456:Mahalanobis, P. C. (1922).
1429:Mahalanobis, P. C. (1927).
898:Mahalanobis was honoured with a
837:American Statistical Association
806:Pakistan Statistical Association
491:. Together they established the
289:. He made pioneering studies in
253:
823:Academy of Sciences of the USSR
757:Indian National Science Academy
554:J. B. S. Haldane
3657:20th-century Indian economists
1643:The Statesman 25 December 2006
1051:"Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis"
1:
3707:University of Calcutta alumni
3622:Indian development economists
2599:Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
1713:. National Book Trust, India.
1493:10.1080/07341512.2015.1127459
1156:Encyclopedia of Biostatistics
1031:Mathematics Genealogy Project
913:List of Indian mathematicians
519:, D. B. Lahiri and
3637:Fellows of the Royal Society
2499:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
1710:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
1462:Records of the Indian Museum
1435:J. Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal
1102:. Indian Academy of Sciences
1027:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
729:Indian Statistical Institute
493:Indian Statistical Institute
471:Indian Statistical Institute
465:Indian Statistical Institute
295:Indian Statistical Institute
264:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
202:Indian Statistical Institute
36:Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
3411:Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
3117:Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
3102:Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
2519:Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
2371:Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
2211:P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
2035:Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
1702:. Harvard University Press.
1683:. Oxford University Press.
1164:10.1002/0470011815.b2a17090
764:Order of the British Empire
603:, then the director of the
583:Contributions to statistics
329:family of landed gentry in
230:Other notable students
161:Fellow of the Royal Society
156:Order of the British Empire
3748:
3732:Mathematical statisticians
3667:Indian institute directors
3488:Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan
3351:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
3195:Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
3165:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
2655:Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
2640:A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
2524:Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
2514:Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
2301:Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao
2266:Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
2261:Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
1398:-statistic of Mahalanobis"
750:Indian Academy of Sciences
605:Zoological Survey of India
591:
468:
3541:
3215:Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
2569:Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
2191:Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi
1900:Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
1611:10.1017/S0026749X16000135
1441:: 301–333. Archived from
1411:: 442–459. Archived from
1392:Dasgupta, Somesh (1993).
1260:Venkataraman, G. (1995).
1131:10.1002/0470013192.bsa360
884:The Man Who Knew Infinity
830:King's College, Cambridge
813:Royal Statistical Society
405:King's College, Cambridge
293:in India. He founded the
252:
243:
172:
141:Nirmal Kumari Mahalanobis
132:Feldman–Mahalanobis model
113:King's College, Cambridge
41:
3513:Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
3366:Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
3330:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
3255:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
2927:Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
2316:Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
2085:Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
1741:ISI publication archives
1576:Das, Gurucharan. (2000)
1285:Krishnamurthy, Prof. V.
1061:University of St Andrews
714:Visva-Bharati University
658:P. V. Sukhatme
511:, K. R. Nair,
489:R. N. Mukherji
384:. Others attending were
214:William Herrick Macaulay
3677:Scientists from Kolkata
2670:Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
2005:Benode Behari Mukherjee
1730:Encyclopædia Britannica
1707:A. Mahalanobis (1983).
1698:David Engerman (2018).
1580:. Anchor Books. p. 432
1230:Sunil Khilnani (2016).
811:Honorary Fellow of the
792:Indian Science Congress
513:R. R. Bahadur
198:University of Cambridge
3170:Rajagopala Chidambaram
3017:Naryana Raghvan Pillai
2947:Hirendranath Mukherjee
2932:Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
2812:Chandra Kisan Daphtary
2757:Montek Singh Ahluwalia
2680:Brihaspati Dev Triguna
2464:Lakshman Shastri Joshi
2454:John Kenneth Galbraith
2429:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
2296:C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
2141:Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
2040:Akkineni Nageswara Rao
1830:S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
1632:Royal Society citation
1481:History and Technology
1394:"The evolution of the
1375:"Mahalanobis Distance"
1373:McLachlan, G. J.
1326:10.1098/rsnr.1987.0006
1003:10.1098/rsbm.1973.0017
821:Foreign member of the
744:
690:, was employed in the
651:R. A. Fisher
480:
407:. He was impressed by
374:University of Calcutta
310:
104:University of Calcutta
3672:People from Bikrampur
3503:N. R. Narayana Murthy
3325:Narinder Singh Kapany
3285:Udupi Ramachandra Rao
3122:Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
3042:Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
3002:Hari Vinayak Pataskar
2827:Anthony Lancelot Dias
2797:Mirza Hameedullah Beg
2675:Prakash Narain Tandon
2286:Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
2176:Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
2126:Bimala Prasad Chaliha
1648:14 March 2008 at the
1520:31 March 2007 at the
1291:www.Krishnamurthy.com
891:. He is portrayed by
867:Indian Vice-President
774:Weldon Memorial Prize
768:1942 New Year Honours
742:
692:Second Five Year Plan
478:
409:King's College Chapel
388:, a year junior, and
378:Jagadish Chandra Bose
308:
166:Weldon Memorial Prize
3662:Indian statisticians
3483:Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
3406:Mary Clubwala Jadhav
3235:Rajendra K. Pachauri
3205:Daulat Singh Kothari
3190:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
3112:M. N. Venkatachaliah
3107:Atal Bihari Vajpayee
2937:Jivraj Narayan Mehta
2847:P. B. Gajendragadkar
2777:Madhav Shrihari Aney
2609:Bashir Hussain Zaidi
2434:D. P. Chattopadhyaya
2409:V. S. R. Arunachalam
2381:Arun Shridhar Vaidya
2321:Harish Chandra Sarin
2256:A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
2196:Ajudhiya Nath Khosla
2166:Jyotindra Nath Dixit
2010:Hrishikesh Mukherjee
1990:Kelucharan Mohapatra
1935:Yamini Krishnamurthy
1865:Adoor Gopalakrishnan
1845:Hariprasad Chaurasia
1820:M. Balamuralikrishna
1677:Ashok Rudra (1996).
1599:Modern Asian Studies
1418:on 13 November 2013.
1262:Saha and his formula
1047:Robertson, Edmund F.
778:University of Oxford
631:Mahalanobis distance
594:Mahalanobis distance
588:Mahalanobis distance
505:R. C. Bose
426:Cavendish Laboratory
398:University of London
382:Prafulla Chandra Ray
283:Mahalanobis distance
128:Mahalanobis distance
3478:Ghanshyam Das Birla
3132:Mulayam Singh Yadav
3032:Ravi Narayana Reddy
2992:Nanabhoy Palkhivala
2942:V. K. Krishna Menon
2892:Murli Manohar Joshi
2857:IsmaĂŻl Omar Guelleh
2837:Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
2832:Uma Shankar Dikshit
2782:Parkash Singh Badal
2650:Autar Singh Paintal
2474:Dhondo Keshav Karve
2419:Satyendra Nath Bose
2391:Narinder Nath Vohra
2361:Lallan Prasad Singh
2045:Kaloji Narayana Rao
1995:Raghunath Mohapatra
1930:Ghulam Mustafa Khan
1045:O'Connor, John J.;
889:Srinivasa Ramanujan
828:Honorary Fellow of
799:Econometric Society
722:Government of India
706:Rabindranath Tagore
541:along the lines of
521:C. R. Rao
517:Gopinath Kallianpur
509:S. N. Roy
414:Srinivasa Ramanujan
394:Bachelor of Science
390:Subhas Chandra Bose
351:Rabindranath Tagore
347:Debendranath Tagore
3612:Bengali scientists
3498:Anil Manibhai Naik
3466:Trade and industry
3240:Benjamin Peary Pal
3200:Har Gobind Khorana
3037:Y. Venugopal Reddy
2877:Lakshmi Chand Jain
2867:V. R. Krishna Iyer
2706:Sunderlal Bahuguna
2625:Jasbir Singh Bajaj
2504:Sitakant Mahapatra
2276:Bhairab Dutt Pande
2216:Pratap Chandra Lal
2090:M. S. Subbulakshmi
1970:Mallikarjun Mansur
1195:The Times of India
1073:Rao, C.R. (1972).
940:The London Gazette
887:about the life of
876:In popular culture
766:(Civil Division),
745:
684:Input-output model
481:
430:Presidency College
370:Brahmo Boys School
311:
3579:
3578:
3442:Viswanathan Anand
3401:Veerendra Heggade
3381:Nirmala Deshpande
3371:Durgabai Deshmukh
3356:Janaki Devi Bajaj
3320:M. S. Swaminathan
2772:Adarsh Sein Anand
2726:Vishwesha Teertha
2690:Dilip Mahalanabis
2584:Govindbhai Shroff
2579:Kalu Lal Shrimali
2484:Radheshyam Khemka
2366:Balaram Sivaraman
2236:Mohan Sinha Mehta
2095:K. G. Subramanyan
2030:K. Shankar Pillai
1985:Chhannulal Mishra
1690:978-0-19-563679-6
1445:on 13 March 2014.
1233:The Idea of India
688:Mahalanobis model
562:Deemed university
359:Cornwallis Street
339:Bengal Presidency
319:Bengal Presidency
309:Young Mahalanobis
261:
260:
220:Doctoral students
174:Scientific career
69:Bengal Presidency
16:(Redirected from
3739:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3549:
3523:Prathap C. Reddy
3473:Dhirubhai Ambani
3457:Sachin Tendulkar
3396:Valerian Gracias
3315:George Sudarshan
3310:M. R. Srinivasan
3295:Man Mohan Sharma
3260:K. R. Ramanathan
3225:Roddam Narasimha
3220:G. Madhavan Nair
3007:Sunder Lal Patwa
2982:Fali Sam Nariman
2972:Gulzarilal Nanda
2957:Pranab Mukherjee
2902:Mehdi Nawaz Jung
2897:Anerood Jugnauth
2842:George Fernandes
2792:Milon K. Banerji
2711:B. K. S. Iyengar
2479:Gopinath Kaviraj
2459:Sarvepalli Gopal
2414:Jagdish Bhagwati
2326:Binay Ranjan Sen
2271:Braj Kumar Nehru
2231:Om Prakash Mehra
2206:V. Krishnamurthy
2181:H. V. R. Iyengar
2136:T. N. Chaturvedi
2105:Homai Vyarawalla
2100:Kapila Vatsyayan
2080:Shivkumar Sharma
1825:T. Balasaraswati
1810:Amitabh Bachchan
1770:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1725:P.C. Mahalanobis
1714:
1703:
1694:
1664:
1658:
1652:
1640:
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1207:
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1187:
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1177:
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1064:
1063:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1014:
981:
944:
943:
932:
870:M Venkaiah Naidu
680:Wassily Leontief
647:Harold Hotelling
601:Nelson Annandale
577:Abhijit Banerjee
529:Jawaharlal Nehru
257:
234:Raj Chandra Bose
209:Doctoral advisor
86:
60:
58:
46:
32:
21:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
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3736:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3537:
3461:
3430:
3426:Nellie Sengupta
3376:Nanaji Deshmukh
3334:
3290:Vikram Sarabhai
3230:Jayant Narlikar
3210:Verghese Kurien
3142:
3136:
3092:Kalyan Sundaram
2917:Hans Raj Khanna
2887:Aditya Nath Jha
2852:Benjamin Gilman
2740:
2716:Rambhadracharya
2694:
2685:M. S. Valiathan
2645:S. I. Padmavati
2613:
2589:Khushwant Singh
2574:Rajaram Shastri
2539:P. Parameswaran
2439:Bhabatosh Datta
2401:
2400:Literature and
2395:
2306:V. K. R. V. Rao
2281:Ghananand Pande
2251:Sumati Morarjee
2201:Rai Krishnadasa
2151:Rajeshwar Dayal
2114:
2025:D. K. Pattammal
1960:Lata Mangeshkar
1880:Bhupen Hazarika
1875:Gangubai Hangal
1860:Kumar Gandharva
1800:Kishori Amonkar
1783:
1781:Padma Vibhushan
1774:
1721:
1706:
1697:
1691:
1676:
1673:
1671:Further reading
1668:
1667:
1659:
1655:
1650:Wayback Machine
1641:
1637:
1630:
1626:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1556:10.2307/1403563
1541:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1522:Wayback Machine
1512:
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983:
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947:
934:
933:
926:
921:
909:
878:
849:Padma Vibhushan
787:, London (1945)
762:Officer of the
737:
718:Padma Vibhushan
675:
639:
596:
590:
585:
473:
467:
459:Nilratan Sircar
422:C. T. R. Wilson
327:Bengali Brahmin
303:
236:
200:
164:
159:
154:Officer of the
153:
150:Padma Vibhushan
130:
111:
100:Alma mater
95:
88:
84:
75:
62:
56:
54:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3745:
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3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3607:Bengali Hindus
3604:
3599:
3594:
3584:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3553:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Lakshmi Mittal
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3447:Edmund Hillary
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3421:Sister Nirmala
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
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3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Palle Rama Rao
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Charles Correa
3172:
3167:
3162:
3160:Norman Borlaug
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Nagendra Singh
3069:
3064:
3059:
3057:M. C. Setalvad
3054:
3049:
3047:Lakshmi Sahgal
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2967:Venkaiah Naidu
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Ajoy Mukherjee
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Ali Yavar Jung
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:C. D. Deshmukh
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2802:P. N. Bhagwati
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Sikander Bakht
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2762:Aruna Asaf Ali
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2745:Public affairs
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
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2696:
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2693:
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2677:
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2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2604:Mahadevi Varma
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
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2551:
2546:
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2526:
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2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2494:O. N. V. Kurup
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Mahasweta Devi
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:T. Swaminathan
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Manmohan Singh
2348:
2343:
2341:Harbaksh Singh
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2291:T. V. Rajeswar
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Brajesh Mishra
2243:
2241:M. G. K. Menon
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2186:Bhola Nath Jha
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Naresh Chandra
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
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2087:
2082:
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2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2000:Jasraj Motiram
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Sonal Mansingh
1962:
1957:
1955:Kishan Maharaj
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:Bismillah Khan
1922:
1920:Allauddin Khan
1917:
1915:Amjad Ali Khan
1912:
1910:Ali Akbar Khan
1907:
1902:
1897:
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1802:
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1795:Ebrahim Alkazi
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1719:External links
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1471:
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1354:. 29 June 2022
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1236:. p. 93.
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1197:. 30 June 2018
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804:Fellow of the
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797:Fellow of the
795:
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755:Fellow of the
753:
748:Fellow of the
736:
733:
696:Daniel Thorner
674:
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638:
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618:Herbert Risley
609:anthropometric
592:Main article:
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3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:E. Sreedharan
3303:
3301:
3300:Obaid Siddiqi
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Anil Kakodkar
3183:
3181:
3180:Satish Dhawan
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:S. M. Krishna
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Sushma Swaraj
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Soli Sorabjee
3085:
3083:
3082:Walter Sisulu
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2977:Govind Narain
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Padmaja Naidu
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:Raja Chelliah
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2731:Jaggi Vasudev
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2660:Balu Sankaran
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Purshotam Lal
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:C. Rangarajan
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:Amrita Pritam
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:R. K. Narayan
2532:
2530:
2529:Bal Ram Nanda
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Kaka Kalelkar
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Avinash Dixit
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2226:Sam Manekshaw
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:Civil service
2117:
2111:
2110:K. J. Yesudas
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:Mario Miranda
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Birju Maharaj
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Bhimsen Joshi
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1890:Zakir Hussain
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Satish Gujral
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Nandalal Bose
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:0-375-41164-X
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1271:9788173710179
1267:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:9789351184546
1239:
1235:
1234:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
986:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
946:
941:
937:
931:
929:
925:
918:
914:
911:
910:
906:
901:
900:Google doodle
897:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
879:
875:
873:
871:
868:
863:
861:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
834:
831:
827:
824:
820:
817:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
790:President of
789:
786:
785:Royal Society
782:
779:
775:
772:
769:
765:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
746:
741:
734:
732:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
702:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
672:
670:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
637:Sample survey
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
619:
614:
610:
606:
602:
595:
587:
582:
580:
578:
573:
570:
565:
563:
558:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
538:
532:
530:
526:
525:Pitambar Pant
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
477:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
439:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
406:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
291:anthropometry
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
265:
256:
251:
246:
242:
239:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
215:
212:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
162:
157:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
102:
98:
93:
82:
78:
74:
73:British India
70:
66:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3391:U. N. Dhebar
3386:Mohan Dharia
3275:C. N. R. Rao
3265:Raja Ramanna
3141:Science and
3077:Swaran Singh
3062:Kalyan Singh
3052:P. A. Sangma
3012:Sharad Pawar
2997:K. Parasaran
2987:Hosei Norota
2912:Vijay Kelkar
2882:Arun Jaitley
2862:Zakir Husain
2752:L. K. Advani
2721:Ravi Shankar
2498:
2356:Tarlok Singh
2346:Kirpal Singh
2156:Basanti Devi
2146:Suranjan Das
2075:V. Shantaram
2070:Ravi Shankar
2065:Uday Shankar
2060:Zohra Sehgal
2050:Satyajit Ray
1945:R. K. Laxman
1885:M. F. Husain
1728:
1709:
1699:
1679:
1656:
1638:
1627:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1577:
1572:
1550:(1): 13–34.
1547:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1509:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1443:the original
1438:
1434:
1424:
1413:the original
1408:
1404:
1395:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1290:
1280:
1261:
1255:
1247:
1232:
1225:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1194:
1155:
1149:
1122:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1094:
1085:
1081:
1068:
1054:
994:
988:
939:
893:Shazad Latif
882:
864:
857:
752:(FASc, 1935)
726:
709:
703:
700:
676:
655:
640:
622:
612:
597:
574:
569:Angus Deaton
566:
559:
551:
546:
543:Karl Pearson
535:
533:
501:
482:
452:
448:anthropology
436:
434:
402:
386:Meghnad Saha
367:
363:
355:Brahmo Samaj
312:
263:
262:
194:Institutions
173:
85:(1972-06-28)
83:28 June 1972
61:29 June 1893
29:
3597:1972 deaths
3592:1893 births
3571:WikiProject
3518:Azim Premji
3339:Social work
3250:I. G. Patel
3150:V. K. Aatre
3143:engineering
3067:Karan Singh
3027:N. G. Ranga
3022:Sri Prakasa
2922:V. N. Khare
2736:B. V. Doshi
2630:B. K. Goyal
2509:John Mathai
2386:Dharma Vira
2336:Arjan Singh
2331:Homi Sethna
2311:Bipin Rawat
2020:Ram Narayan
2015:Rajinikanth
1975:Zubin Mehta
1940:Dilip Kumar
1895:Ilaiyaraaja
1855:Girija Devi
1850:Chiranjeevi
1835:Asha Bhosle
1805:Prabha Atre
1297:7 September
1106:18 February
997:: 455–492.
936:"No. 35399"
815:, UK (1954)
801:, US (1951)
759:(FNA, 1935)
627:eponymously
444:meteorology
323:West Bengal
184:Mathematics
158:(OBE, 1942)
92:West Bengal
18:Mahalanobis
3586:Categories
3533:Ratan Tata
3416:Usha Mehta
2564:Ramoji Rao
2424:Tara Chand
2221:K. B. Lall
2171:M. S. Gill
2161:P. N. Dhar
2055:S. H. Raza
1815:Teejan Bai
1777:Recipients
985:Rao, C. R.
919:References
673:Later life
625:" and now
613:Biometrika
547:Biometrika
485:statistics
438:Biometrika
343:Bangladesh
301:Early life
188:statistics
57:1893-06-29
3346:Baba Amte
3270:C. R. Rao
3155:Salim Ali
2767:Fazal Ali
2665:V. Shanta
2549:K. N. Raj
2402:education
1619:148820998
1501:146570565
1379:ias.ac.in
776:from the
720:from the
497:Baranagar
495:(ISI) in
331:Bikrampur
248:Signature
90:Kolkata,
3561:Category
3452:Mary Kom
3361:Mirabehn
3245:Yash Pal
2872:Jagmohan
2817:Niren De
2618:Medicine
2559:Raja Rao
1646:Archived
1518:Archived
1352:BBC News
1334:11622022
1011:74582754
907:See also
664:and the
643:sampling
455:Calcutta
341:(now in
315:Calcutta
238:C.R. Rao
65:Calcutta
3617:Brahmos
2489:Kuvempu
1727:at the
1564:1403563
1468:: 1–96.
1405:Sankhya
1358:30 June
1088:: 1–24.
1029:at the
735:Honours
537:Sankhya
424:at the
94:, India
3551:Portal
3435:Sports
1687:
1617:
1584:
1562:
1499:
1332:
1268:
1240:
1201:2 July
1170:
1137:
1009:
851:(1968)
839:(1961)
832:(1959)
825:(1958)
808:(1952)
794:(1950)
780:(1944)
686:, the
629:named
418:Tripos
380:, and
180:Fields
168:(1944)
152:(1968)
146:Awards
138:Spouse
2699:Other
1615:S2CID
1560:JSTOR
1497:S2CID
1416:(PDF)
1401:(PDF)
1078:(PDF)
1007:S2CID
860:India
335:Dhaka
321:(now
163:(FRS)
1788:Arts
1685:ISBN
1582:ISBN
1360:2022
1330:PMID
1299:2016
1266:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1203:2018
1168:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1108:2018
770:list
446:and
275:FASc
80:Died
51:Born
1779:of
1662:PDF
1607:doi
1552:doi
1515:PDF
1489:doi
1322:doi
1160:doi
1127:doi
999:doi
682:'s
545:'s
453:In
279:FRS
271:FNA
267:OBE
108:BSc
3588::
1613:.
1603:52
1601:.
1558:.
1548:67
1546:.
1495:.
1485:31
1483:.
1466:23
1464:.
1460:.
1439:23
1437:.
1433:.
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1407:.
1403:.
1377:.
1350:.
1328:.
1318:41
1316:.
1289:.
1246:.
1193:.
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1158:.
1133:.
1125:.
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1080:.
1059:,
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1037:^
1019:^
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440:.
119:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
59:)
55:(
20:)
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