371:
383:
351:, a chemical extremely toxic to the body, as the dyeing agent. At the time, cosmetics were unregulated by the Federal Drug Administration, and the dangers of paraphenylenediamine were unknown. Within hours of the treatment, Mrs. Brown began experiencing severe symptoms of stinging and burning eyes. By the next morning, Mrs. Brown's eyes had developed ulcers which oozed and had swollen shut. Use of Lash Lure resulted in blindness in Mrs. Brown and fifteen other women and also caused the death of another through a
272:
27:
238:; and charcoal or soot, crocodile stool; honey; and water was added to keep the kohl from running. Through Egypt's influence, kohl usage persisted in the subsequent Babylonian, Greek and Roman empires. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, kohl fell into disuse on the European continent, where it had been considered solely a cosmetic; conversely, it continued to be widely used in the Middle East for religious purposes.
615:
2588:
1572:
185:
45:. It is used to darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three formsâliquid, powder, or creamâthe modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives. The most common form of mascara is a liquid in a tube with an application brush.
669:, in more than half of the samples. High levels of fluorine were most commonly identified in waterproof mascara (82% of brands tested), foundations (63%), and liquid lipstick (62%). As many as 13 types of individual PFAS compounds were found in each product. Since PFAS compounds are highly mobile, they are readily absorbed through
1293:
Kohl, kajal, al-Kahal, surma, tiro, tozali, and kwalli often contain high levels of lead. For example, lead, usually in the form of lead sulfide, sometimes accounts for more than half the weight of kohl products. Kohl products may also contain a variety of other materials, such as aluminum, antimony,
241:
During the
Victorian era, social opinion shifted radically towards the promotion of cosmetics, and women were known to spend a majority of their day occupied with beauty regimens. Great efforts were made to create the illusion of long, dark eyelashes. Attempting this, Victorian women made a type of
378:
Years later in 1957, Rubinstein created a formula that evolved mascara from a hard cake into a lotion-based cream. She packaged the new mascara in a tube to be sold with a brush. For use, the cream was squeezed onto the brush and applied to lashes. Although still messy, it was a step towards the
298:, American consumers became eager for new products. Sensing an opportunity, both Rubinstein and Arden launched their own brands of cosmetics that included mascara. Through the efforts of these two rivals and public temperament, mascara finally gained respectability and favor in American society.
282:
The mascara developed by these two men consisted of petroleum jelly and coal in a set ratio. It was undeniably messy, and a better alternative was soon developed. A dampened brush was rubbed against a cake containing soap and black dye in equal proportions and applied to the lashes. Still it was
1453:
Whitehead, Heather D.; Venier, Marta; Wu, Yan; Eastman, Emi; Urbanik, Shannon; Diamond, Miriam L.; Shalin, Anna; Schwartz-Narbonne, Heather; Bruton, Thomas A.; Blum, Arlene; Wang, Zhanyun; Green, Megan; Tighe, Meghanne; Wilkinson, John T.; McGuinness, Sean; Peaslee, Graham F. (15 June 2021).
394:
Mascara is now trending towards multi-functional usage, with many mascaras including lash-boosting serums, botanicals, and pro-vitamin-enriched formulas. Korean technology is at the forefront of the development, and a number of brands use tubing formulas to coat the lash.
390:
Soon, a grooved rod was patented. This device picked up the same amount of mascara for each use. Then the grooved rod was altered to the brush similar to the ones used today. The change in applicator led mascara to be even easier to use, and its popularity increased.
1097:
GĂźnther
Schneider, Sven Gohla, JĂśrg Schreiber, Waltraud Kaden, Uwe SchĂśnrock, Hartmut Schmidt-LewerkĂźhne, Annegret Kuschel, Xenia Petsitis, Wolfgang Pape, water "Skin Cosmetics" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
611:, is widely used in the manufacture of mascara. In 2008, Minnesota became the first state in the United States to ban intentionally added mercury in cosmetics, giving it a tougher standard than the federal government.
626:, or commoner still, swollen eyelids. Styes and swollen eyelids are better classified as allergic reactions. The allergic reactions can be stimulated by any of the components of mascara but is usually attributed to
1281:
438:
gives the pigment a white color while different iron oxides provide a variety of colors such as red, yellow, brown, and black. The particle size of opaque pigments ranges from 0.2 to 0.3 Îźm.
290:
The events leading to
Rubinstein's improvement began in Paris in the early 20th century. There, at the fashion capital of the world, mascara was quickly gaining popularity and common usage.
415:
The pigmentation for black mascara is similar to that used by the
Egyptians and Victorian women. Black and brown mascaras typically are colored by use of iron oxides. Some mascaras contain
1516:"Toxic âForever Chemicalsâ Widespread in Top Makeup Brands, Study Finds; Researchers Find Signs of PFAS in over Half of 231 Samples of Products Including Lipstick, Mascara and Foundation"
230:
that was used to darken eyelashes, eyelids, and eyebrows. Kohl was used to mask the eyes, believed to ward off evil spirits and protect the soul, by both men and women. Often composed of
681:
are often unwittingly ingested. Manufacturers often fail to label their products as containing PFAS, which makes it difficult for cosmetics consumers to avoid products containing PFAS.
170:
word ×׊קר×ת (in the phrase mesaqqeroth `eynayim) relating to women's eyes is found in Isaiah 3:16. It may mean flirting or ogling with the eyes, or painting them with red pigment.
1518:
528:, starts by combining water and thickeners. Separately, waxes and emulsifiers are combined. Pigment is then added individually to both mixtures. Finally all is combined in a
1076:
1269:
1432:
242:
mascara in their own homes. They would heat a mixture of ash or lampblack and elderberry juice on a plate and apply the heated mixture to their eyelashes.
257:
became synonymous with the substance and still translates to "mascara" in the
Portuguese, Spanish, Greek, Turkish, Romanian, and Persian languages today.
532:, which acts as a high-speed agitator in order to thoroughly mix the oils, water, waxes, and emulsifiersâingredients that naturally repulse each other.
264:
created a remarkably similar substance for his sister Mabel. In 1917 he started a mail-order business from the product that grew to become the company
517:
Mascara is often used on a daily basis around the world. In 2016 alone, U.S. consumers spent US$ 335.6 million on the top 10 leading mascara brands.
2389:
344:
In 1933, a woman known on court records as Mrs. Brown consented to have her eyelashes permanently dyed. Unfortunately, the product, Lash Lure, used
92:
advertises, "Mascaro or Water
Cosmetique... For darkening the eyebrow and moustaches without greasing them and making them prominent." In 1890, the
601:, and similar materials are illegal color additives in the United States as defined by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, section 201(t).
489:. Non water-resistant mascaras have base ingredients that are water-soluble. Mascaras designed to lengthen or curl the eyelashes often contain
485:
The desired effects of the mascara account for most variations of ingredients. Water-resistant mascaras require hydrophobic ingredients, like
422:
Mascara is composed of a base mixture of pigments, waxes, and oils with varying supporting components. Mascara pigments most commonly include
1604:
666:
1515:
653:
in form of black lumps. Eyelashes naturally have microbial organisms; applying mascara may expose microbes to incubate in the mascara.
309:
launched mascara's popularity and usage further forward in
America. Motion pictures especially advertised a new standard of beauty and
1546:
1170:
1137:
866:
1493:
370:
382:
856:
800:
2604:
1066:
294:
and Helena
Rubinstein, two giants in the American beauty industry, watched and kept abreast of its development. After the
2594:
1277:
364:
192:
The name
Mascara was likely given in reference to the city which bears the same name, since in the mid-19th century the
1576:
96:
defined mascara as "a kind of paint used for the eyebrows and eyelashes by actors." And in 1894, N. Lynn advises in
2534:
55:
2599:
2319:
2216:
2012:
1981:
547:
or "crying mascara" trend on social media. These references can carry deep emotional resonance and significance.
245:
The product that people would recognize as mascara today did not develop until the 19th century. A chemist named
69:
1424:
1310:
2630:
2081:
2017:
524:, all waxes, oils, and pigments are mixed, heated, and agitated simultaneously. The alternative method, termed
20:
2544:
2399:
2304:
2086:
1860:
1682:
1597:
1220:
1071:
827:
341:, depended heavily upon mascara for their glamorized appearances, which the average woman sought to mimic.
2359:
2269:
2259:
2231:
2196:
1677:
2569:
2211:
2022:
1870:
662:
1244:
2554:
2116:
2101:
2037:
1855:
261:
1270:"Kohl, Kajal, Al-Kahal, Surma, Tiro, Tozali, or Kwalli: By Any Name, Beware of Lead Poisoning - FDA"
2454:
2439:
2206:
2176:
2156:
1892:
1840:
1779:
137:
2625:
2027:
1850:
1784:
1702:
1590:
1485:
1162:
1129:
723:
356:
345:
219:
271:
2264:
2146:
2121:
2042:
1717:
1712:
1552:
1542:
1403:
1395:
1356:
1348:
1166:
1133:
862:
604:
543:
Smudged mascara has also become a symbolic way to show depression in photographs, such as the
310:
284:
2374:
2339:
1935:
1825:
1804:
1697:
1627:
1475:
1467:
1387:
1340:
1158:
1125:
1099:
557:
506:
427:
416:
330:
246:
227:
197:
133:
63:
as "a cosmetic substance for darkening, lengthening, curling, coloring, and thickening the
2514:
2394:
2289:
2274:
2221:
1996:
1986:
1722:
1687:
1637:
1522:
735:
295:
291:
250:
167:
26:
1374:
Pack, Latricia D.; Wickham, M. Gary; Enloe, Rebecca A.; Hill, Denise N. (October 2008).
386:
Refill tube with Max Factor
Mascara Wand cream, 1961, for containers with a grooved rod.
2464:
2424:
2379:
2329:
2324:
2151:
2047:
1991:
1774:
1455:
643:
586:
502:
614:
283:
extremely messy. No significant improvement occurred until 1957 with an innovation by
211:
used it as a beauty product but also to protect themselves from various trachomas and
156:
means dark stain or smut. There is even strong support for a possible source from the
2619:
2524:
2519:
2494:
2419:
2334:
2111:
1830:
1672:
1489:
627:
355:. It was only after the Lash Lure incident and several others like it, documented in
223:
2314:
2444:
2429:
2369:
2279:
2241:
1940:
1835:
639:
475:
471:
212:
1344:
100:, "to darken eyelashes, paint with mascara, or black paint, with a small brush."
2539:
2529:
2309:
2226:
2136:
2131:
2032:
1950:
1902:
1845:
1789:
1707:
1692:
1471:
650:
529:
338:
334:
326:
1480:
1391:
807:
late 19th cent.: from Italian, literally 'mask', from Arabic masḾara 'buffoon'.
2489:
2484:
2404:
2354:
2349:
2294:
2284:
2141:
1971:
1912:
1799:
1652:
695:
670:
608:
463:
455:
451:
423:
318:
314:
302:
275:
265:
1556:
1399:
1352:
1103:
2504:
2181:
1794:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1647:
1613:
1375:
690:
674:
635:
521:
352:
322:
235:
64:
42:
38:
2449:
1407:
1360:
1571:
2564:
2549:
2479:
2434:
2344:
2254:
2201:
2186:
2166:
2126:
2096:
2091:
1955:
1945:
1917:
1897:
1743:
1738:
1662:
1657:
1642:
1632:
933:
Flemming, Katherine (August 2006), "Technology: The History of Mascara",
631:
525:
486:
1425:"Toxic 'forever chemicals' widespread in top makeup brands, study finds"
1153:
Jones, Tony; Egerton, Terry A. (2000). "Titanium Compounds, Inorganic".
184:
2474:
2299:
2249:
2161:
1887:
1882:
1865:
498:
479:
459:
447:
404:
205:
201:
1040:
Inventing Beauty: A History of Innovations that Have Made Us Beautiful
2469:
2459:
2409:
2384:
2364:
2236:
1976:
1907:
1875:
1667:
1306:
467:
254:
231:
208:
193:
176:
treatises sometimes used the word mascara when referring to witches.
157:
196:
discovered antimony powder during their conquest in the old city of
1221:"Leading mascara brands in the U.S. dollar sales, 2016 | Statistic"
430:
which provide mascara with its desired color. Titanium dioxide (TiO
2559:
2509:
2499:
2414:
2191:
2106:
2076:
2071:
613:
494:
490:
381:
369:
270:
183:
173:
77:) adds that mascara is occasionally used on the eyebrows as well.
25:
1331:
Robaei, Dana (2018-05-03). "Subconjunctival Mascara Deposition".
1294:
carbon, iron, and zinc compounds, as well as camphor and menthol.
260:
Across the Atlantic Ocean and at roughly the same time, in 1915,
2171:
623:
374:
Max Factor waterproof mascara creme in a tube with a brush, 1960
306:
109:
2060:
1586:
434:) accounts for over 65% of inorganic pigments sales volume. TiO
678:
649:
If not cleaned properly, mascara can deposit itself under the
470:
oil is also commonly used. Waxes usually found in mascara are
1015:
Purifoy, Jennifer, "Understanding the History of Cosmetics",
766:, all in sense 'mask'; or perhaps alternatively < Catalan
1582:
88:
from works published in the late 19th century. In 1886, the
980:
978:
226:. Records from around 4000 BC refer to a substance called
118:
is unclear. It was possibly derived from the Spanish word
313:. Famous actresses of the classic cinema era, such as
1376:"Microbial contamination associated with mascara use"
1000:"Arden, Elizabeth, nĂŠe Florence Nightingale Graham",
919:
Michalak, Jodie (7 Jul 2010), "History of Mascara",
161:
2005:
1964:
1928:
1818:
1767:
1731:
1620:
1456:"Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics"
985:"Rubinstein, Helena, Dec. 25, 1870-April 1, 1965".
789:. South Yarra: The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. 2005.
967:"Arden, Elizabeth, Dec. 31, 1878?-Oct. 18, 1966".
818:Adam Clarke, Commentary, 1831, volume III page 688
1120:Swiler, Daniel R. (2005). "Pigments, Inorganic".
509:are regular ingredients and serve as stiffeners.
953:Parwani, Kritika (2010), "Mascara Ingredients",
535:Mascara has a shelf life of two to four months.
150:
142:
124:meaning 'mask' or 'stain', and the Italian word
1155:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
1122:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
367:(FDA) the right to regulate cosmetics in 1938.
132:meaning 'mask' is a possible origin. A related
1460:Environmental Science & Technology Letters
249:developed a cosmetic using the newly invented
136:word describes soot or a black smear, and the
1598:
1052:
948:
946:
944:
914:
912:
910:
842:The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets
126:
119:
41:commonly used to enhance the upper and lower
8:
1192:Does Your Mascara Contain Toxic Ingredients?
1163:10.1002/0471238961.0914151805070518.a01.pub3
1130:10.1002/0471238961.0914151814152215.a01.pub2
1053:National Research Council. "Safety Testing."
989:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1980.
971:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1980.
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
665:and found organic fluorine, an indicator of
520:In one method of production, referred to as
2057:
1605:
1591:
1583:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
657:Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
1479:
987:Notable American Women: The Modern Period
969:Notable American Women: The Modern Period
1186:
1184:
1182:
1419:
1417:
707:
731:
721:
1115:
1113:
1111:
7:
1067:"Three Horrifying Pre-FDA Cosmetics"
98:Lynn's Practical Hints for Making-up
67:, applied with a brush or rod." The
30:A mascara tube and a wand applicator
770:'soot, black smear', or Portuguese
661:A 2021 study tested 231 makeup and
1496:from the original on July 22, 2021
1219:Drug Store News (August 9, 2016).
1079:from the original on July 15, 2019
855:Boutammina, Nas E. (May 9, 2017).
14:
1514:The Guardian (UK), 15 June 2021,
1435:from the original on July 7, 2021
222:and mascara can be documented in
2587:
2586:
1570:
1002:Chambers Biographical Dictionary
1313:from the original on 2010-01-05
1284:from the original on 2020-03-20
1249:US Food and Drug Administration
1017:History of 20th Century Fashion
1004:, London: Chambers Harrap, 2007
622:It is more common to develop a
1245:"Shelf Life/Expiration Dating"
1157:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1124:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1065:Eschner, Kat (June 26, 2017).
861:(in French). Books on Demand.
858:Les Fondateurs de la Botanique
802:New Oxford American Dictionary
1:
278:cake mascara with brush, 1960
1345:10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.035
1278:Food and Drug Administration
1194:, Health Central, 4 Mar 2010
903:, Advameg, Inc., 28 Nov 2007
365:Food and Drug Administration
363:, that Congress granted the
1831:Hair coloring and bleaching
1472:10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00240
497:microfibers. Additionally,
399:Ingredients and manufacture
361:American Chamber of Horrors
162:
90:Peck & Snyder Catalogue
2649:
1392:10.1016/j.optm.2008.02.011
1380:Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)
589:risk. Products containing
446:Among the many oils used,
107:
56:Collins English Dictionary
18:
2582:
2067:
2056:
1206:Who Wins the Mascara War?
871:– via Google Books.
840:Barbra G. Walker (1996).
750:Oxford English Dictionary
555:Eye cosmetics containing
545:famous "Bleeding Mascara"
403:All formulations contain
218:Aesthetic adornment is a
70:Oxford English Dictionary
1104:10.1002/14356007.a24_219
787:The Macquarie Dictionary
718:. Harper, Douglas. 2010.
618:Mascara-coated eyelashes
379:modern mascara product.
21:Mascara (disambiguation)
2305:Laura Mercier Cosmetics
2087:Anastasia Beverly Hills
2013:Cosmetic electrotherapy
1638:Botulinum toxin (Botox)
1309:. CIDPUSA. 2008-02-16.
1072:Smithsonian Institution
828:Even-Shoshan Dictionary
677:, and such products on
114:The source of the word
2270:Jeffree Star Cosmetics
2197:Daigaku Honyaku Center
1521:June 26, 2021, at the
1307:"Mercury in your eye?"
754:Probably < Spanish
663:personal care products
619:
466:are found frequently.
387:
375:
279:
189:
151:
143:
127:
120:
31:
16:Cosmetic for eyelashes
2212:Elizabeth Arden, Inc.
2117:Bath & Body Works
2062:Major cosmetic brands
2023:Cosmetics advertising
1540:A historia de Luiza.
901:How Products Are Made
617:
385:
373:
301:The invention of the
274:
188:Mascara being applied
187:
110:Mask § Etymology
29:
2400:Neal's Yard Remedies
2038:History of cosmetics
2018:Cosmetic ingredients
1579:at Wikimedia Commons
262:Thomas Lyle Williams
19:For other uses, see
2177:ColourPop Cosmetics
1780:Circle contact lens
1481:20.500.11850/495857
762:, Italian regional
407:, oils, and waxes.
353:bacterial infection
2028:Cosmetic packaging
1785:Eyelash extensions
1251:. November 5, 2017
937:, St. Joseph Media
620:
388:
376:
357:Ruth deForest Lamb
280:
220:cultural universal
190:
166:or 'buffoon'. The
94:Century Dictionary
32:
2613:
2612:
2578:
2577:
2555:Victoria's Secret
2265:Helena Rubinstein
2147:Bumble and bumble
2043:Cosmetic industry
1577:Mascara (product)
1575:Media related to
1038:Riordan, Teresa.
442:Oils, waxes, etc.
411:Cosmetic pigments
359:'s book entitled
349:-phenylenediamine
285:Helena Rubinstein
148:means 'mask' and
2638:
2590:
2589:
2375:Morphe Cosmetics
2340:Make Up For Ever
2157:Carol's Daughter
2058:
1936:Artificial nails
1893:Styling products
1698:Permanent makeup
1628:Anti-aging cream
1607:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1574:
1560:
1525:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1483:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1208:, Carefair, 2009
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1005:
997:
991:
990:
982:
973:
972:
964:
958:
957:
950:
939:
938:
935:FASHION Magazine
930:
924:
923:
916:
905:
904:
896:
873:
872:
852:
846:
845:
837:
831:
825:
819:
816:
810:
809:
797:
791:
790:
783:
777:
776:
746:
740:
739:
733:
729:
727:
719:
712:
546:
507:methyl cellulose
428:titanium dioxide
417:ultramarine blue
331:Marlene Dietrich
165:
154:
146:
130:
123:
84:also references
2648:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2631:Human eyelashes
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2574:
2515:Tarte Cosmetics
2395:Nature Republic
2290:Kylie Cosmetics
2275:Kao Corporation
2063:
2052:
2001:
1997:Sunless tanning
1987:Plastic surgery
1960:
1924:
1814:
1763:
1727:
1723:Venetian ceruse
1688:Moist towelette
1616:
1611:
1567:
1549:
1538:LUIZA. (1864).
1537:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1523:Wayback Machine
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1386:(10): 587â593.
1373:
1372:
1368:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1285:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1173:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
999:
998:
994:
984:
983:
976:
966:
965:
961:
952:
951:
942:
932:
931:
927:
918:
917:
908:
898:
897:
876:
869:
854:
853:
849:
844:. p. 1077.
839:
838:
834:
826:
822:
817:
813:
799:
798:
794:
785:
784:
780:
748:
747:
743:
730:
720:
714:
713:
709:
704:
687:
659:
553:
544:
541:
515:
444:
437:
433:
413:
401:
296:First World War
292:Elizabeth Arden
251:petroleum jelly
182:
112:
106:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2465:Richard Hudnut
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Natural Wonder
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2325:Love Cosmetics
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2048:Male cosmetics
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1992:Skin whitening
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1775:Blepharoplasty
1771:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1566:
1565:External links
1563:
1562:
1561:
1547:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1507:
1466:(7): 538â544.
1445:
1431:. 2021-06-15.
1413:
1366:
1323:
1298:
1280:. 2018-03-06.
1261:
1236:
1211:
1197:
1178:
1171:
1145:
1138:
1107:
1090:
1057:
1045:
1021:
1007:
992:
974:
959:
940:
925:
906:
874:
867:
847:
832:
820:
811:
805:(2 ed.).
792:
778:
774:'stain, smut'.
741:
706:
705:
703:
700:
699:
698:
693:
686:
683:
658:
655:
644:benzyl alcohol
587:lead poisoning
552:
549:
540:
539:Artistic usage
537:
514:
511:
503:gum tragacanth
443:
440:
435:
431:
412:
409:
400:
397:
307:motion picture
181:
178:
105:
102:
50:
47:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:The Face Shop
2523:
2521:
2520:The Body Shop
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2495:Sinful Colors
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:NYX Cosmetics
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:MAC Cosmetics
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Facial toning
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1548:9780198611868
1544:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1449:
1446:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Ophthalmology
1327:
1324:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1172:9780471238966
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1139:9780471238966
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1003:
996:
993:
988:
981:
979:
975:
970:
963:
960:
956:
949:
947:
945:
941:
936:
929:
926:
922:
915:
913:
911:
907:
902:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
875:
870:
868:9782322116911
864:
860:
859:
851:
848:
843:
836:
833:
829:
824:
821:
815:
812:
808:
804:
803:
796:
793:
788:
782:
779:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
751:
745:
742:
737:
725:
717:
711:
708:
701:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
684:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
656:
654:
652:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:methylparaben
625:
616:
612:
610:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
585:often pose a
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:
550:
548:
538:
536:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:, and oil of
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
439:
429:
425:
420:
418:
410:
408:
406:
398:
396:
392:
384:
380:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
293:
288:
286:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
247:Eugène Rimmel
243:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:ancient Egypt
221:
216:
214:
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
186:
179:
177:
175:
171:
169:
164:
159:
155:
153:
147:
145:
139:
135:
131:
129:
122:
117:
111:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
58:
57:
48:
46:
44:
40:
36:
28:
22:
2445:Paula Begoun
2370:Molton Brown
2360:Merle Norman
2280:Kevyn Aucoin
2242:Fenty Beauty
2217:EstĂŠe Lauder
2082:Amorepacific
1809:
1539:
1510:
1498:. Retrieved
1463:
1459:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1429:The Guardian
1428:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1315:. Retrieved
1301:
1292:
1286:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1154:
1148:
1121:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1070:
1060:
1048:
1039:
1016:
1010:
1001:
995:
986:
968:
962:
954:
934:
928:
921:Love To Know
920:
900:
857:
850:
841:
835:
823:
814:
806:
801:
795:
786:
781:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
753:
749:
744:
715:
710:
673:and through
660:
648:
640:butylparaben
621:
603:
598:
594:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:
554:
542:
534:
519:
516:
484:
476:carnauba wax
472:paraffin wax
445:
421:
414:
402:
393:
389:
377:
360:
346:
343:
300:
289:
281:
259:
244:
240:
217:
213:eye diseases
191:
172:
149:
141:
125:
115:
113:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
79:
74:
68:
60:
54:
52:
34:
33:
2570:Yves Rocher
2545:Urban Decay
2540:Uoma Beauty
2530:Ulta Beauty
2425:O BoticĂĄrio
2310:Lise Watier
2227:Etude House
2152:Burt's Bees
2137:Bobbi Brown
2132:Bite Beauty
2033:Cosmetology
1951:Nail polish
1826:Conditioner
1790:Eyelid glue
1693:Moisturizer
1683:Highlighter
899:"Mascara",
758:or Italian
732:|work=
651:conjunctiva
530:homogenizer
513:Manufacture
424:iron oxides
339:Jean Harlow
335:Bette Davis
327:Greta Garbo
253:. The name
2620:Categories
2591:Categories
2490:SimplySiti
2485:Shu Uemura
2405:Neutrogena
2355:Maybelline
2350:Max Factor
2320:L'Occitane
2260:Hard Candy
2142:Bonne Bell
1972:Cold cream
1800:Eye shadow
1678:Foundation
1653:Cotton pad
1439:2021-07-07
1339:(5): 641.
1317:2009-12-20
1288:2020-05-26
1255:2017-11-27
1230:2017-11-27
702:References
696:Eye shadow
675:tear ducts
671:human skin
609:thiomersal
464:turpentine
456:eucalyptus
452:castor oil
319:Pola Negri
315:Theda Bara
311:sex appeal
303:photograph
276:Max Factor
266:Maybelline
138:Portuguese
108:See also:
49:Definition
2626:Cosmetics
2595:Companies
2535:Ultima II
2505:Skin Food
2455:Red Earth
2182:CoverGirl
1871:threading
1795:Eye liner
1648:Concealer
1614:Cosmetics
1557:561116141
1490:236284279
1400:1558-1527
1353:0161-6420
734:ignored (
724:cite book
691:Eye liner
636:ceteareth
522:anhydrous
323:Clara Bow
236:malachite
163:maskharah
104:Etymology
65:eyelashes
43:eyelashes
2565:Younique
2550:Vaseline
2480:Shiseido
2435:Oriflame
2345:Mary Kay
2255:Guerlain
2202:Dermacol
2187:Creme 21
2167:Clinique
2127:Biotherm
2102:Artistry
2097:Aqua Net
2092:Anna Sui
1956:Pedicure
1946:Manicure
1861:plucking
1846:electric
1841:chemical
1739:Lipstick
1663:DD cream
1658:Cleanser
1643:CC cream
1633:BB cream
1519:Archived
1494:Archived
1433:Archived
1408:18922495
1361:29681291
1311:Archived
1282:Archived
1225:Statista
1077:Archived
772:mascarra
760:maschera
685:See also
634:powder,
632:aluminum
567:al-kahal
526:emulsion
487:dodecane
405:pigments
152:mascarra
128:maschera
59:defines
39:cosmetic
2605:History
2475:Sephora
2440:Origins
2315:L'OrĂŠal
2300:Laneige
2295:LancĂ´me
2285:Kiehl's
2250:Garnier
2232:FabergĂŠ
2207:Douglas
2162:Clarins
2122:Benefit
2006:Related
1982:Peeling
1941:Buffing
1888:Sindoor
1883:Shampoo
1866:shaving
1836:Removal
1810:Mascara
1532:Sources
1500:11 July
1274:fda.gov
1083:May 26,
768:mascara
764:mascara
756:mĂĄscara
716:Mascara
605:Mercury
499:ceresin
480:beeswax
460:lanolin
448:linseed
206:nomadic
202:Algeria
198:Mascara
180:History
144:mĂĄscara
134:Catalan
121:mĂĄscara
116:mascara
86:mascaro
61:mascara
35:Mascara
2600:People
2470:Rimmel
2460:Revlon
2450:Pond's
2410:Nexxus
2385:Natura
2365:Missha
2237:Farmec
1977:Lotion
1908:pomade
1903:mousse
1876:waxing
1708:Powder
1703:Primer
1668:Facial
1555:
1545:
1488:
1406:
1398:
1359:
1351:
1169:
1136:
1055:p. 21.
955:Buzzle
865:
583:kwalli
579:tozali
551:Safety
505:, and
478:, and
468:Sesame
337:, and
255:Rimmel
232:galena
209:tribes
204:. The
194:French
168:Hebrew
158:Arabic
2560:Wella
2510:Stila
2500:SK-II
2415:Nivea
2246:Fresh
2192:Cutex
2107:Aveda
2077:Almay
2072:Ahava
1929:Nails
1913:spray
1851:laser
1759:Stain
1754:Liner
1749:Gloss
1718:Toner
1713:Rouge
1486:S2CID
642:, or
638:-20,
607:, as
599:surma
595:kajal
581:, or
571:surma
563:kajal
495:rayon
491:nylon
458:oil,
450:oil,
174:Latin
160:word
140:word
37:is a
2380:NARS
2330:Lush
2172:Coty
2112:Avon
1965:Body
1819:Hair
1805:Kohl
1768:Eyes
1744:Balm
1732:Lips
1621:Face
1553:OCLC
1543:ISBN
1502:2021
1404:PMID
1396:ISSN
1357:PMID
1349:ISSN
1167:ISBN
1134:ISBN
1085:2020
863:ISBN
736:help
679:lips
667:PFAS
624:stye
591:kohl
575:tiro
558:kohl
426:and
347:para
305:and
228:kohl
80:The
53:The
2430:OPI
2222:elf
1918:wax
1898:gel
1856:IPL
1476:hdl
1468:doi
1388:doi
1341:doi
1337:125
1159:doi
1126:doi
1100:doi
493:or
200:in
82:OED
75:OED
2622::
1551:.
1492:.
1484:.
1474:.
1462:.
1458:.
1427:.
1416:^
1402:.
1394:.
1384:79
1382:.
1378:.
1355:.
1347:.
1335:.
1291:.
1276:.
1272:.
1247:.
1223:.
1181:^
1165:.
1132:.
1110:^
1075:.
1069:.
1024:^
977:^
943:^
909:^
877:^
752:.
728::
726:}}
722:{{
646:.
630:,
597:,
593:,
577:,
573:,
569:,
565:,
561:,
501:,
482:.
474:,
454:,
419:.
333:,
329:,
325:,
321:,
317:,
287:.
268:.
234:;
215:.
1606:e
1599:t
1592:v
1559:.
1504:.
1478::
1470::
1464:8
1442:.
1410:.
1390::
1363:.
1343::
1320:.
1258:.
1233:.
1175:.
1161::
1142:.
1128::
1102::
1087:.
1042:.
830:.
738:)
436:2
432:2
73:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
