326:
Meteoritics may be defined independently of meteorites and meteors, however, as that branch of astronomy that is concerned with the study of the solid matter that comes to the Earth from space; of the solid bodies of subplanetary mass that lie beyond the Earth; and of the phenomena that are
687:
Bouvier, Audrey; Vervoort, Jeffrey D.; Patchett, P. Jonathan (31 July 2008). "The Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of CHUR: Constraints from unequilibrated chondrites and implications for the bulk composition of terrestrial planets".
236:, Na/Ne, Kr/Kr. After impact on earth (or any other planet with sufficient cosmic ray shielding) cosmogenic radionuclides decay and can be used to date the time since the meteorite fell. Methods to date this terrestrial exposure are
128:
The presence or absence of certain minerals is indicative of physical and chemical processes. Impacts on the parent body are recorded by impact-breccias and high-pressure mineral phases (e.g.
320:
When the
Journal of the Meteoritical Society and the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico first appeared in 1953, it quoted the then accepted definition of meteoritics as
617:
Hutchison, R.; Alexander, C.M.O.; barber, D.J. (30 June 1987). "The
Semarkona meteorite: First recorded occurrence of smectite in an ordinary chondrite, and its implications".
792:
Bogard, D.D; Garrison, D.H; Jordan, auJ.L; Mittlefehldt, D (31 August 1990). "Ar-Ar dating of mesosiderites: Evidence for major parent body disruption < 4 Ga ago".
84:. These techniques are used to determine the age, formation process, and subsequent history of the material forming the meteorite. This provides information on the
366:
Leonard, Frederick C. (1953). "Introducing meteoritics: The
Journal of the Meteoritical Society and the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico".
862:
Nishiizumi, K.; Regnier, S.; Marti, K. (1 October 1980). "Cosmic ray exposure ages of chondrites, pre-irradiation and constancy of cosmic ray flux in the past".
652:
Birck, J.L.; Allègre, C. J. (28 February 1978). "Chronology and chemical history of the parent body of basaltic achondrites studied by the Rb-Sr method".
1616:
181:
1667:
983:
1057:
952:
1684:
104:
it was generally believed that meteorites were a type of superstition and those who claimed to see them fall from space were lying.
232:. After breakup of the parent body meteoroids are exposed to cosmic radiation. The length of this exposure can be dated using the
1689:
336:
723:
Smoliar, M. I.; Walker, R. J.; Morgan, J. W. (23 February 1996). "Re-Os Ages of Group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB Iron
Meteorites".
827:
Eugster, O (31 May 1988). "Cosmic-ray production rates for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in chondrites based on Kr-Kr exposure ages".
400:
766:
209:
205:
1110:
213:
1672:
1496:
85:
1621:
1611:
1400:
1395:
1096:
233:
217:
1679:
1105:
1033:
108:
1333:
1101:
1092:
1082:
976:
65:
1641:
176:
Radiometric methods can be used to date different stages of the history of a meteorite. Condensation from the
1013:
421:
253:
225:
76:
that make up the meteorite, their relative locations, orientations, and chemical compositions; analysis of
1127:
101:
1579:
1549:
1356:
1351:
1270:
161:
578:
Ferroir, Tristan; Beck, Pierre; Van de Moortèle, Bertrand; Bohn, Marcel; et al. (1 October 2008).
521:"Coesite and stishovite in a shocked lunar meteorite, Asuka-881757, and impact events in lunar surface"
309:
is a solid rock which has landed on Earth after originating in space. It should not be confused with a
204:
of sufficient size melting and differentiation take place. These processes can be dated with the U/Pb,
193:
1589:
1486:
1468:
1222:
910:
871:
836:
801:
732:
697:
661:
626:
591:
532:
462:
375:
229:
77:
1768:
1763:
1491:
1163:
969:
580:"Akimotoite in the Tenham meteorite: Crystal chemistry and high-pressure transformation mechanisms"
340:
157:
1584:
1436:
1181:
944:
748:
324:, but it went on to explain that meteorites at the time included what are now called meteoroids:
241:
89:
81:
1742:
1710:
1390:
1383:
1343:
1050:
948:
560:
224:. Large scale impact events or even the destruction of the parent body can be dated using the
1368:
918:
914:
879:
875:
844:
809:
740:
705:
701:
669:
665:
634:
599:
595:
550:
540:
489:
470:
383:
153:
898:
1604:
1425:
1378:
1315:
1245:
941:
The history of meteoritics and key meteorite collections : fireballs, falls and finds
313:(a shooting star, caused by an incoming object burning up in the Earth's atmosphere) or a
61:
840:
805:
736:
630:
536:
466:
379:
188:. These can be dated by using radionuclides that were present in the solar nebula (e.g.
1414:
1323:
1240:
1062:
1045:
1018:
555:
520:
387:
221:
42:
1757:
1730:
1636:
1626:
1458:
1441:
1288:
922:
883:
848:
813:
673:
638:
752:
1720:
1476:
1363:
1328:
1196:
1138:
1038:
201:
189:
177:
165:
50:
744:
111:
discovered that some meteorites have an excess of Xe, a result of the presence of
1648:
1544:
1528:
1523:
1230:
1191:
1186:
1072:
770:
237:
141:
20:
709:
603:
1563:
1235:
1213:
579:
519:
Ohtani, E.; Ozawa, S.; Miyahara, M.; Ito, Y.; et al. (27 December 2010).
474:
197:
149:
145:
133:
112:
69:
46:
961:
1737:
1599:
1568:
1481:
1303:
1293:
1260:
1250:
1203:
1176:
1119:
1067:
1028:
1004:
992:
545:
314:
306:
268:
263:
185:
38:
34:
564:
453:
Reynolds, J. (31 March 1960). "Isotopic
Composition of Primordial Xenon".
216:
methods. Metallic core formation and cooling can be dated by applying the
1705:
1373:
1255:
137:
1518:
1298:
1283:
1278:
435:
413:
129:
73:
164:) are an indicator for hydrothermal activity on the parent body (e.g.
1725:
1023:
310:
258:
30:
1715:
767:"Re-Os ages of group IIA, IIIA, IVA, and IVB iron from meteorites"
965:
897:
Nishiizumi, K.; Elmore, D.; Kubik, P. W. (30 June 1989).
490:"Ringwoodite and majorite in the Catherwood meteorite"
16:
Scientific study of meteors, meteorites and meteoroids
156:
bearing minerals, and samples of liquid water (e.g.,
53:. A specialist who studies meteoritics is known as a
899:"Update on terrestrial ages of Antarctic meteorites"
1657:
1562:
1537:
1511:
1467:
1413:
1342:
1314:
1269:
1221:
1212:
1118:
1090:
1081:
1003:
68:and the analysis of samples taken from them in a
317:(a small body orbiting within the Solar System).
88:, how it formed and evolved, and the process of
72:. Typical analyses include investigation of the
60:Scientific research in meteoritics includes the
525:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
977:
8:
442:. Oxford University Press. 19 December 2012.
200:). After the condensed material accretes to
327:associated with such matter or such bodies.
1218:
1115:
1087:
984:
970:
962:
554:
544:
361:
359:
355:
285:
322:the science of meteorites and meteors
7:
903:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
864:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
690:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
654:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
584:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
388:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1953.tb01299.x
335:was not defined until 1961 by the
14:
182:calcium–aluminium-rich inclusions
337:International Astronomical Union
829:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
794:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
619:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
29:is the science that deals with
1:
939:G. J. H. McCall, ed. (2006).
745:10.1126/science.271.5252.1099
41:. It is closely connected to
923:10.1016/0012-821X(89)90029-0
884:10.1016/0012-821X(80)90126-0
849:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90233-5
814:10.1016/0016-7037(90)90241-C
674:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90139-5
639:10.1016/0016-7037(87)90178-5
100:Before the documentation of
66:classification of meteorites
488:Coleman, Leslie C. (1977).
343:still doesn't use the term.
86:history of the Solar System
1785:
1622:extraterrestrial materials
710:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.010
604:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.048
18:
1698:
475:10.1103/PhysRevLett.4.351
292:Originally rarely called
119:Methods of investigation
96:History of investigation
19:Not to be confused with
1401:Meteorites on Mars list
1396:Martian meteorites list
915:1989E&PSL..93..299N
876:1980E&PSL..50..156N
702:2008E&PSL.273...48B
666:1978E&PSL..39...37B
596:2008E&PSL.275...26F
546:10.1073/pnas.1009338108
455:Physical Review Letters
422:Oxford University Press
254:Glossary of meteoritics
230:Pu fission track method
275:Notes & references
64:, identification, and
1550:Nonmagmatic meteorite
494:Canadian Mineralogist
115:in the solar nebula.
1617:Ca–Al-rich inclusion
841:1988GeCoA..52.1649E
806:1990GeCoA..54.2549B
737:1996Sci...271.1099S
731:(5252): 1099–1102.
631:1987GeCoA..51.1875H
537:2011PNAS..108..463O
467:1960PhRvL...4..351R
436:"meteoriticist, n."
424:. 19 December 2012.
380:1953Metic...1....1L
341:Minor Planet Center
945:Geological Society
172:Radiometric dating
82:radiometric dating
1751:
1750:
1743:Near-Earth object
1711:Atmospheric entry
1558:
1557:
1507:
1506:
1409:
1408:
414:"meteoritics, n."
1776:
1576:Characteristics
1352:Basaltic Breccia
1219:
1116:
1088:
986:
979:
972:
963:
958:
927:
926:
909:(3–4): 299–313.
894:
888:
887:
859:
853:
852:
835:(6): 1649–1662.
824:
818:
817:
800:(9): 2549–2564.
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
773:on 13 April 2016
769:. Archived from
763:
757:
756:
720:
714:
713:
684:
678:
677:
649:
643:
642:
625:(7): 1875–1882.
614:
608:
607:
575:
569:
568:
558:
548:
516:
510:
509:
507:
505:
485:
479:
478:
450:
444:
443:
432:
426:
425:
410:
404:
398:
392:
391:
363:
344:
303:
297:
290:
90:planet formation
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1694:
1653:
1566:
1554:
1533:
1503:
1463:
1405:
1379:Orthopyroxenite
1338:
1310:
1265:
1208:
1108:
1100:
1077:
999:
990:
955:
938:
935:
933:Further reading
930:
896:
895:
891:
861:
860:
856:
826:
825:
821:
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790:
786:
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774:
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764:
760:
722:
721:
717:
686:
685:
681:
651:
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616:
615:
611:
577:
576:
572:
518:
517:
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447:
434:
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429:
412:
411:
407:
399:
395:
365:
364:
357:
353:
348:
347:
330:
329:
319:
318:
304:
300:
291:
287:
282:
277:
250:
222:iron meteorites
180:is recorded by
174:
126:
121:
98:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:Meteorites by
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1538:Obsolete terms
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1348:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:Impact breccia
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1124:
1122:
1113:
1085:
1083:Classification
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1063:Micrometeorite
1060:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1001:
1000:
991:
989:
988:
981:
974:
966:
960:
959:
954:978-1862391949
953:
934:
931:
929:
928:
889:
870:(1): 156–170.
854:
819:
784:
758:
715:
696:(1–2): 48–57.
679:
644:
609:
590:(1–2): 26–31.
570:
531:(2): 463–466.
511:
480:
461:(7): 351–354.
445:
427:
405:
393:
354:
352:
349:
346:
345:
298:
294:astrolithology
284:
283:
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173:
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125:
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117:
97:
94:
78:isotope ratios
43:cosmochemistry
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1697:
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1690:Organizations
1688:
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1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1668:find location
1666:
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1656:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:Widmanstätten
1640:
1638:
1637:Neumann lines
1635:
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1632:
1628:
1627:meteoric iron
1625:
1623:
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1601:
1598:
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1527:
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1493:
1492:Eagle Station
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403:on Lexico.com
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202:planetesimals
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1721:Impact event
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1477:Mesosiderite
1391:Shergottites
1364:Chassignites
1329:Mare basalts
1128:Carbonaceous
1039:strewn field
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178:solar nebula
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51:geochemistry
26:
25:
1649:CI1 fossils
1545:Amphoterite
1529:Octahedrite
1524:Hexahedrite
1231:Acapulcoite
1158:C ungrouped
1073:Parent body
997:meteoritics
777:19 December
504:19 December
401:meteoritics
368:Meteoritics
234:H/He method
142:ringwoodite
27:Meteoritics
21:Meteorology
1769:Meteorites
1764:Meteoroids
1758:Categories
1590:weathering
1564:Mineralogy
1512:Structural
1487:Main group
1469:Stony-iron
1271:Asteroidal
1236:Brachinite
1214:Achondrite
1034:statistics
993:Meteorites
943:. London:
440:OED Online
418:OED Online
374:(1): 1–4.
351:References
339:, and the
186:chondrules
150:wadsleyite
146:stishovite
134:akimotoite
124:Mineralogy
70:laboratory
62:collection
47:mineralogy
39:meteoroids
35:meteorites
1738:Meteoroid
1703:See also:
1633:Patterns
1600:chondrule
1569:petrology
1482:Pallasite
1374:Nakhlites
1304:Howardite
1294:Diogenite
1261:Winonaite
1251:Lodranite
1223:Primitive
1177:Kakangari
1164:Enstatite
1120:Chondrite
1029:impactite
1005:Meteorite
333:meteoroid
331:The term
315:meteoroid
307:meteorite
269:Meteorite
264:Meteoroid
192:, Mn/Cr,
1706:Asteroid
1685:Journals
1612:Minerals
1605:presolar
1497:Pyroxene
1384:ALH84001
1357:NWA 7034
1256:Ureilite
1204:Rumuruti
1182:Ordinary
1111:grouplet
1014:Glossary
753:96376008
565:21187434
500:: 97–101
248:See also
228:and the
162:Monahans
138:majorite
107:In 1960
74:minerals
1596:Grains
1519:Ataxite
1344:Martian
1299:Eucrite
1284:Aubrite
1279:Angrite
1068:Notable
1058:Largest
1051:hunting
911:Bibcode
872:Bibcode
837:Bibcode
802:Bibcode
733:Bibcode
725:Science
698:Bibcode
662:Bibcode
627:Bibcode
592:Bibcode
556:3021006
533:Bibcode
463:Bibcode
376:Bibcode
130:coesite
102:L'Aigle
31:meteors
1731:shower
1726:Meteor
1680:Awards
1369:Kaidun
1024:bolide
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311:meteor
259:Meteor
244:, Kr.
80:; and
37:, and
1716:Comet
1658:Lists
1580:shock
1446:IIIAB
1316:Lunar
1246:IIICD
1106:group
1097:class
749:S2CID
280:Notes
214:Lu/Hf
210:Sm/Nd
206:Rb/Sr
190:Al/Mg
154:Water
1673:type
1567:and
1452:IIIF
1449:IIIE
1426:IIAB
1415:Iron
1334:List
1109:and
1102:clan
1093:type
1046:Find
1019:Fall
995:and
949:ISBN
779:2012
561:PMID
506:2012
212:and
198:I/Xe
194:U/Pb
184:and
152:).
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1585:TKW
1459:IVB
1455:IVA
1442:IIG
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1091:By
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