Knowledge (XXG)

Microlepidoptera

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usage divides the Lepidoptera simply into smaller and larger or into more-primitive and less-primitive groups, microlepidoptera and macrolepidoptera, respectively. Intuitively, the "micros" are any lepidopteran not currently placed in the macrolepidoptera. This
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veins ("Sc" + "R1") and "Rs" are close or fused in the middle of the wing; resting posture usually either with wings tightly rolled or and held quite flat to surface in triangular shape and with labial palps often projecting forward, giving
497:: Head often with tufty erect scales; labial palps usually have bristles on middle segment and terminal segment is long; wings usually held over back in tent-like position and head close to surface; tineids often run fast 277:
abundance. The first four superfamilies listed here may comprise 90% of species in a sample of smaller moths and the listed characters may be of some assistance to sort these out, particularly the form of the
129:"micros". Whilst the smaller moths are usually also more seldom noticed, a more expansive "nonmacrolepidopteran" concept of the microlepidoptera would include about 37 out of the roughly 47 superfamilies. 66:. They present some lifestyles that the larger Lepidoptera do not have, but this is not an identifying mark. Some hobbyists further divide this group into separate groups, such as 1333: 105:
that would in common parlance normally be lumped with the "macros". A lepidopterist might call these groups "primitive macros". Furthermore, even all of the non
140:, micros do also include a surprising number of day-flying groups, and the advent of online identification resources in many countries (e.g. "UK moths" 1326: 1711: 132:
Whilst usually less popular, micros are thus more important in the sense that they include a much wider span of the "tree of life" (i.e.,
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until 2001, these moths have up to an order of magnitude greater wingspan (5.5 cm) than most previously known
1306: 191:. They are either external feeders ("exophagous") or more usually feed internally ("endophagous"), typically as 221: 253:, causing damage to plants, as well as fabrics and other manmade goods. Commonly noticed "micros" include the 1739: 1679: 160: 114: 91: 1311: 1508: 938: 1568: 837: 430:
often swept back parallel together over body. Generally they are considered the closest group to '
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long and pointed; the long proboscis bears scales on basal half. Resting posture very varied.
301: 279: 246: 238: 226: 51: 58:). These generally have wingspans of under 20 mm, so are harder to identify by external 1652: 1395: 1048: 924: 636: 464: 431: 156: 144: 63: 434:', and maybe ancestral to it, macrolepidoptera itself is not a universally accepted taxon. 1657: 1647: 1578: 1548: 1523: 1188: 797: 766: 559: 547: 518: 325: 283: 250: 230: 184: 1047:
These groups have been formerly included in macros by hobbyists. 'Archaic and primitive
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feed on a wide variety of plant tissue and across a wide spectrum of plant groups from
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or rollers, stem or root borers, and then usually follow the more rigorous scientific
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in the lepidopteran "tree of life". The recently discovered primitive superfamily
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on abdomen; labial palps usually not recurved, terminal segment usually blunt.
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reduced or absent. The larvae of many smaller moths are considered economic
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Tortrix moths, leaf-roller moths, bell moths, codling moths and allies
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The list below is ordered initially in approximate order of species
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scaled; wings held over back in tent-like or flattened position;
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Microlepidoptera can be found in a broad variety of habitats and
74:. Efforts to stabilize the term have usually proven inadequate. 47: 1677: 1315: 1299:
Robinson, G.S., Tuck, K.R., Shaffer, M. and Cook, K. (1994).
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Clearwing moths, castniid moths, little bear moths and allies
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Burnet moths, slug moths, hag moths, glass moths and allies
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Curved horn moths, twirler moths, case-bearers and allies
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or "swift moths" (up to 25 cm wingspan) fall quite
171:). They have a wide variety of feeding habits in both 482:
or sinuate in many Tortricinae giving bell-like shape
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Ermine moths, webworm moths, yucca moths and allies
463:: Head rough-scaled, labial palps with short blunt 1281:– goat moths, leopard moths or carpenterworm moths 774:Sparkling archaic sun moths or spring jewel moths 225:even feeds on live snails. Adult moths feed with 50:families, commonly known as the "smaller moths" ( 918:Southern beech moths or Valdivian archaic moths 899:More rarely encountered "primitive" families: 143:) combined with the widespread use of digital 1327: 786:Superfamilies less likely to be encountered: 121:is another case in point; lurking within the 8: 1167:– slug moths or saddleback caterpillar moths 27:many-plumed moth in the top centre; a white 685:Tropical leaf moths or picture-winged moths 42:) is an artificial (i.e., unranked and not 1674: 1334: 1320: 1312: 147:, is making them much easier to identify. 1303:. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur. 286:of the proboscis (Robinson et al. 2001). 831:Blackberry leaf skeletonizer and allies 413:: Head rough-scaled, proboscis scaled, 90:assemblage, however, includes also the 1142:micros (formerly 'primitive macros'): 700:Fairy moths, longhorn moths and allies 109:moths are not small. For example, the 404:Pyralids, snout moths and grass moths 7: 1301:The smaller moths of South-East Asia 136:diversity). Whereas they include no 1267:Goat or carpenter moths and allies 1076:– Australian primitive ghost moths 1030:Galacticoid moths or webworm moths 488:Clothes moths, bagworms and allies 23:Some typical microlepidoptera: an 14: 1088:– Amazonian primitive ghost moths 467:segment, basal half of proboscis 1385: 503:– clothes moths and fungus moths 245:) or are simply nonfeeding with 195:or tunnellers, but some feed on 1082:– African primitive ghost moths 694:: Small mainly dayflying moths: 633:– diamond-back moths and allies 679:– many-plumed moths – 160 spp. 509:– Old World spiny winged moths 1: 1287:– Dudgeon carpenterworm moths 1185:– Mediterranean burnet moths 1179:– planthopper parasite moths 946:Australian archaic sun moths 241:on nectar (many groups e.g. 1202:– Australian parasite moths 1161:– burnet and forester moths 1100:Unassigned to superfamily: 726:– shield-bearer leaf-miners 322:– tropical longhorned moths 257:and the various species of 1761: 1191:– long-tailed burnet moths 673:– plume moths – 1,000 spp. 622:– false diamond-back moths 582:– 900 spp. - eyecap moths 1383: 1220:– Australian burnet moths 974:New Zealand endemic moths 760:Mandibulate archaic moths 556:– blotch leaf miner moths 72:taxonomy of lepidopterans 31:plume moth in the centre. 1002:Trumpet leaf miner moths 887:Whalley's Malagasy moths 791:Tropical fruitworm moths 533:– European bagworm moths 521:– tropical lattice moths 440:– pyrales or snout moths 222:Hyposmocoma molluscivora 1208:– African flannel moths 1094:– miniature ghost moths 1056:Swift moths and allies 687:– more than 1000 spp. 562:– ribbed cocoon makers 229:on spores and pollen ( 32: 1509:Acanthopteroctetoidea 1105:Meyrick's mystic moth 478:often quite strongly 203:on dead animals, are 22: 1569:Schreckensteinioidea 1126:Andean endemic moths 939:Acanthopteroctetidae 594:– white eyecap moths 588:– pygmy eyecap moths 340:– grass-miner miners 1745:Polyphyletic groups 1349:- Superfamilies of 1259:– little bear moths 873:Tropical teak moths 838:Schreckensteiniidae 817:Fringe tufted moths 714:– leaf-cutter moths 1016:Simaethistid moths 988:Gondwanaland moths 960:Archaic bell moths 859:False burnet moths 574:– double-eye moths 426:-like appearance; 375:– lance-wing moths 33: 1727: 1726: 1680:Taxon identifiers 1671: 1670: 1643:Heterobathmioidea 1307:Common Name Index 1247:– clearwing moths 932:Archaic sun moths 572:Roeslerstammiidae 357:– scavenger moths 316:– concealer moths 207:usually of other 157:ecological niches 16:Grouping of moths 1752: 1720: 1719: 1707: 1706: 1705: 1688:Microlepidoptera 1675: 1653:Micropterigoidea 1459:Microlepidoptera 1389: 1336: 1329: 1322: 1313: 1253:– castniid moths 925:Heterobathmiidae 904:Kauri pine moths 637:Glyphipterigidae 541:Leaf miner moths 432:macrolepidoptera 159:worldwide, both 145:macrophotography 64:macrolepidoptera 36:Microlepidoptera 1760: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1715: 1710: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1682: 1672: 1667: 1658:Mnesarchaeoidea 1648:Lophocoronoidea 1628:Agathiphagoidea 1579:Simaethistoidea 1549:Gracillarioidea 1524:Copromorphoidea 1453: 1390: 1381: 1353: 1340: 1296: 1189:Himantopteridae 1173:– flannel moths 1045: 1043:Larger "micros" 798:Copromorphoidea 767:Micropterigidae 746:Metalmark moths 568:– Douglas moths 560:Bucculatricidae 548:Gracillarioidea 527:– bagworm moths 519:Arrhenophanidae 415:tympanal organs 326:Cosmopterigidae 310:– twirler moths 267: 233:) on dew (e.g. 231:Micropterigidae 153: 80: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1758: 1756: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1732: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1721: 1708: 1692: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1665: 1663:Neopseustoidea 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1633:Eriocranioidea 1630: 1625: 1623: 1621:Basal lineages 1617: 1616: 1611: 1609:Yponomeutoidea 1606: 1604:Whalleyanoidea 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1559:Pterophoroidea 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1497: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1484:Palaephatoidea 1481: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1455: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1434:Lasiocampoidea 1431: 1426: 1421: 1416: 1411: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1363: 1361: 1355: 1354: 1341: 1339: 1338: 1331: 1324: 1316: 1310: 1309: 1304: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1260: 1254: 1248: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1206:Somabrachyidae 1203: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1174: 1168: 1162: 1136: 1135: 1115: 1114: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1080:Prototheoridae 1077: 1071: 1044: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1026: 1025: 1023:Simaethistidae 1012: 1011: 998: 997: 984: 983: 981:Mnesarchaeidae 970: 969: 956: 955: 953:Lophocoronidae 942: 941: 928: 927: 914: 913: 911:Agathiphagidae 897: 896: 883: 882: 869: 868: 855: 854: 841: 840: 827: 826: 813: 812: 811: 810: 805: 803:Copromorphidae 784: 783: 770: 769: 756: 755: 742: 741: 740: 739: 733: 727: 721: 715: 696: 695: 681: 680: 674: 660: 659: 658: 657: 656:– lyonet moths 651: 646: 640: 634: 628: 623: 617: 616:– ermine moths 609:Yponomeutoidea 598: 597: 596: 595: 589: 577: 576: 575: 569: 563: 557: 554:Gracillariidae 537: 536: 535: 534: 528: 522: 516: 510: 504: 484: 483: 450: 449: 448: 447: 441: 406:– 16,000 spp. 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 390:Holcopogonidae 387: 381: 376: 373:Pterolonchidae 370: 369:– flower moths 364: 363:– flower moths 361:Batrachedridae 358: 352: 347: 346:– mompha moths 341: 335: 334:– case-bearers 329: 328:– cosmet moths 323: 320:Lecithoceridae 317: 311: 293:– 16,250 spp. 266: 263: 237:), with their 167:aquatic (e.g. 152: 149: 79: 76: 62:markings than 46:) grouping of 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1757: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1740:Moth taxonomy 1738: 1737: 1735: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1539:Galacticoidea 1537: 1535: 1534:Epermenioidea 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1494:Tischerioidea 1492: 1490: 1489:Nepticuloidea 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1474:Andesianoidea 1472: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1439:Mimallonoidea 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1409:Calliduloidea 1407: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1378: 1377:Papilionoidea 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1293: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1268: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235:– 1,300 spp. 1234: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1214:– glass moths 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1200:Cyclotornidae 1198: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183:Heterogynidae 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171:Megalopygidae 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1150: 1149:– 2,600 spp. 1148: 1143: 1141: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1113: 1112:Prodidactidae 1110: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1101: 1093: 1092:Palaeosetidae 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1070:– swift moths 1069: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1042: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1003: 996: 995:Palaephatidae 993: 992: 991: 989: 982: 979: 978: 977: 975: 968: 967:Neopseustidae 965: 964: 963: 961: 954: 951: 950: 949: 947: 940: 937: 936: 935: 933: 926: 923: 922: 921: 919: 912: 909: 908: 907: 905: 900: 895: 894:Whalleyanidae 892: 891: 890: 888: 881: 878: 877: 876: 874: 867: 864: 863: 862: 860: 853: 850: 849: 848: 846: 839: 836: 835: 834: 832: 825: 822: 821: 820: 818: 809: 806: 804: 801: 800: 799: 796: 795: 794: 792: 787: 782: 781:Eriocraniidae 779: 778: 777: 775: 768: 765: 764: 763: 761: 754: 751: 750: 749: 747: 737: 734: 732:– yucca moths 731: 728: 725: 722: 720:– fairy moths 719: 716: 713: 712:Incurvariidae 710: 709: 708: 705: 704: 703: 701: 693: 690: 689: 688: 686: 678: 675: 672: 671:Pterophoridae 669: 668: 667: 666:– 1,160 spp. 665: 655: 652: 650: 647: 644: 641: 639:– sedge moths 638: 635: 632: 629: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 614:Yponomeutidae 612: 611: 610: 607: 606: 605: 604:– 1,500 spp. 603: 593: 590: 587: 584: 583: 581: 580:Nepticuloidea 578: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 551: 550:– 2,300 spp. 549: 546: 545: 544: 543:– 3,200 spp. 542: 532: 529: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 499: 498: 496: 493: 492: 491: 490:– 4,200 spp. 489: 481: 477: 474: 470: 466: 462: 459: 458: 457: 456:– 6,200 spp. 455: 446:– grass moths 445: 442: 439: 436: 435: 433: 429: 425: 420: 416: 412: 409: 408: 407: 405: 396: 395:Metachandidae 393: 391: 388: 385: 382: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 355:Blastobasidae 353: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332:Coleophoridae 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 306: 305: 303: 299: 296: 295: 294: 292: 287: 285: 281: 276: 272: 264: 262: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 236: 235:Eriocraniidae 232: 228: 224: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 179:life stages. 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 150: 148: 146: 142: 139: 135: 130: 128: 124: 120: 119:Andesianoidea 116: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 92:superfamilies 89: 84: 77: 75: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 41: 37: 30: 26: 21: 1687: 1594:Tortricoidea 1544:Gelechioidea 1519:Choreutoidea 1458: 1424:Geometroidea 1396:Larger Moths 1372:Hesperioidea 1300: 1285:Dudgeoneidae 1266: 1264: 1232: 1230: 1195:Anomoeotidae 1177:Epipyropidae 1146: 1144: 1137: 1133:Andesianidae 1125: 1123: 1116: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1086:Neotheoridae 1074:Anomosetidae 1055: 1053: 1046: 1037:Galacticidae 1029: 1027: 1015: 1013: 1009:Tischeriidae 1001: 999: 987: 985: 973: 971: 959: 957: 945: 943: 931: 929: 917: 915: 903: 901: 898: 886: 884: 872: 870: 858: 856: 844: 842: 830: 828: 824:Epermeniidae 816: 814: 808:Carposinidae 790: 788: 785: 773: 771: 759: 757: 745: 743: 738:– gall moths 724:Heliozelidae 699: 697: 684: 682: 663: 661: 643:Heliodinidae 626:Ypsolophidae 620:Acrolepiidae 601: 599: 586:Nepticulidae 566:Douglasiidae 540: 538: 515:– tube moths 513:Acrolophidae 507:Eriocottidae 487: 485: 468: 453: 451: 403: 401: 386:– palm moths 384:Agonoxenidae 367:Scythrididae 338:Elachistidae 314:Oecophoridae 298:Gelechioidea 290: 288: 268: 259:clothes moth 220: 217:detritivores 181:Caterpillars 169:Acentropinae 154: 134:phylogenetic 131: 88:paraphyletic 81: 44:monophyletic 39: 35: 34: 1638:Hepialoidea 1614:Zygaenoidea 1584:Thyridoidea 1554:Hyblaeoidea 1514:Alucitoidea 1449:Sphingoidea 1419:Drepanoidea 1414:Cimelioidea 1404:Bombycoidea 1359:Butterflies 1351:Lepidoptera 1269:– 676 spp. 1257:Brachodidae 1165:Limacodidae 1154:Zygaenoidea 1119:monotrysian 1063:Hepialoidea 1058:– 544 spp. 1004:– 107 spp. 847:– 250 spp. 845:Immid moths 793:– 318 spp. 762:– 180 spp. 753:Choreutidae 748:– 402 spp. 736:Cecidosidae 702:– 600 spp. 664:Plume moths 654:Lyonetiidae 649:Bedelliidae 645:– sun moths 631:Plutellidae 592:Opostegidae 461:Tortricidae 308:Gelechiidae 280:labial palp 265:Main groups 243:Choreutidae 213:Zygaenoidea 205:parasitoids 189:angiosperms 161:terrestrial 138:butterflies 127:monotrysian 95:Zygaenoidea 68:leaf miners 56:Lepidoptera 29:pterophorid 1734:Categories 1564:Pyraloidea 1467:Monotrysia 1444:Noctuoidea 1367:Hedyloidea 1343:Arthropoda 1251:Castniidae 1218:Lacturidae 1212:Dalceridae 1159:Zygaenidae 1068:Hepialidae 1032:– 17 spp. 990:– 60 spp. 962:– 12 spp. 880:Hyblaeidae 875:– 20 spp. 861:– 60 spp. 819:– 83 spp. 776:– 24 spp. 730:Prodoxidae 692:Thyrididae 677:Alucitidae 411:Pyraloidea 379:Symmocidae 275:ecological 255:plume moth 247:mouthparts 185:liverworts 165:freshwater 111:Hepialidae 83:Vernacular 60:phenotypic 40:micromoths 1599:Urodoidea 1589:Tineoidea 1574:Sesioidea 1529:Cossoidea 1501:Ditrysian 1479:Adeloidea 1274:Cossoidea 1240:Sesioidea 1140:ditrysian 1128:– 3 spp. 1018:– 4 spp. 976:– 7 spp. 948:– 6 spp. 934:– 4 spp. 920:– 9 spp. 906:– 2 spp. 889:– 2 spp. 833:– 8 spp. 707:Adeloidea 531:Lypusidae 525:Psychidae 495:Tineoidea 444:Crambidae 438:Pyralidae 350:Ethmiidae 344:Momphidae 271:diversity 239:probosces 227:mandibles 215:) or are 151:Lifestyle 123:Cossoidae 107:ditrysian 103:Cossoidea 99:Sesioidea 78:Diversity 1703:Q1178801 1697:Wikidata 1429:Immoidea 1279:Cossidae 1265:36, 37. 1245:Sesiidae 1121:micros: 1107:– 1 sp. 866:Urodidae 718:Adelidae 501:Tineidae 473:forewing 428:antennae 424:Concorde 419:Hindwing 201:scavenge 25:alucitid 1347:Insecta 1294:Sources 1224:Aididae 852:Immidae 302:segment 284:scaling 209:insects 115:basally 1717:117600 1503:micros 1138:Large 1117:Large 1049:macros 662:8, 9. 539:5, 6. 480:convex 465:apical 219:, and 211:(some 193:miners 173:larval 101:, and 476:costa 251:pests 197:fungi 177:adult 52:micro 1712:ITIS 1231:35. 1145:34. 1124:33. 1103:32. 1054:31. 1028:30. 1014:29. 1000:28. 986:27. 972:26. 958:25. 944:24. 930:23. 916:22. 902:22. 885:21. 871:20. 857:19. 843:18. 829:17. 815:16. 789:15. 772:14. 758:13. 744:12. 698:11. 683:10. 282:and 273:and 175:and 163:and 48:moth 600:7. 486:4. 469:not 452:3. 402:2. 289:1. 187:to 1736:: 1714:: 1699:: 1345:- 261:. 199:, 97:, 54:, 1335:e 1328:t 1321:v 38:(

Index


alucitid
pterophorid
monophyletic
moth
micro
Lepidoptera
phenotypic
macrolepidoptera
leaf miners
taxonomy of lepidopterans
Vernacular
paraphyletic
superfamilies
Zygaenoidea
Sesioidea
Cossoidea
ditrysian
Hepialidae
basally
Andesianoidea
Cossoidae
monotrysian
phylogenetic
butterflies

macrophotography
ecological niches
terrestrial
freshwater

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