1532:(1902) offered a list of likely names corresponding to the letters. Keith Massey (1996), noting the apparent set ranking of the letters and mathematical improbability that they were either random or referred to words or phrases, argued for some form of the Nöldeke-Hirschfeld theory that the "Mystery Letters" were the initials or monograms of the scribes who originally transcribed the sūras. Though, Massey explains that "the letters, which appear alone (qaf, nun), may not have the same purpose as the collection themselves", he furthermore admits that the "Mystery Letters" in Surah 42 violate his proposed ranking-theory, thus offering 2 possible scenarios for his theory.
1742:, and that they are practiced by a secret society of Sufis; Muhammad is said to have learned these exercises from a hermit named "Ben Khasi", taught them to the innermost circle of his successors, and incorporated them into the text of the Qur'an in order to preserve them unchanged in perpetuity. Commentators, however, note that the practices recommended by von Sebottendorf "bear little resemblance to either Sufism or Masonry".
1317:); and some argue that even these three cases should be included, since mention of the revelation is made later on in the surah. More specifically, one may note that in 8 cases the following verse begins "These are the signs...", and in another 5 it begins "The Revelation..."; another 3 begin "By the Qur'an...", and another 2 "By the Book..." Additionally, all but 3 of these suras are
1400:
1524:. According to Nöldeke, the letters ultimately entered the final version of the Qur'an due to carelessness. It was also possible that the letters were monograms of the owners. Nöldeke later revised this theory, responding to Otto Loth's (1881) suggestion that the letters had a distinct connection with the mystic figures and symbols of the Jewish
1486:, a classical commentator of the Qur'an, has noted some twenty opinions regarding these letters and mentions multiple opinions that these letters present the names of the Surahs as appointed by God. In addition, he mentions that Arabs would name things after such letters (for example, 'eye' as 'ع', clouds as 'غ', and whale as 'ن').
1695:(vertical stroke), which was again transformed, after which the Muqatta'at appeared. These letters were then differentiated, separated and then again gathered and linked together, appearing as the "names and attributes" of creation. Baháʼu'lláh gives various interpretations of the letters "
1570:(2000) proposed that substantial portions of the text of the Qur'an were directly taken from Syriac liturgy. His explanation of the disjoined letters is that they are remnants of indications for the liturgical recitation for the Syriac hymns that ended up being copied into the Arabic text.
1343:
are conjoined and both are written with prolongation mark. One letter is written in two styles. Letter 20:01 is used only in the beginning and middle of a word and that in 19:01 is not used as such. Alif Lām Mīm (الم) is also the first verse of
2727:
1714:
By removing the duplicate letters (leaving only one of each of the 14 initials) and rearranging them, one can create the sentence "نص حكيم قاطع له سر " which could translate to: "A wise and conclusive text has a secret".
2811:
2799:
1750:
Devin J. Stewart argues the letters are integral to the text and establish a rhyme and a rhythm, similarly to rhyming chants such as, intended to introduce spells, charms or something connected to the supernatural.
1528:. Nöldeke in turn concluded that the letters were a mystical reference to the archetypal text in heaven that was the basis for the revelation of the Qur'an. However, persuaded by Nöldeke's original theory,
3020:
2638:
1208:, occurring six times each. Of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, exactly one half appear as muqatta'at, either singly or in combinations of two, three, four or five letters. The fourteen letters are:
1886:ق have no variant written without dots in modern script; Steward (2012): "the mysterious letters include no letters with dots. There is an apparent exception to this rule, the occurrences of ya in "
2338:
2787:
2540:
2488:
Sedgwick, Mark (2004). Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret
Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515297-2. P. 66.
1598:
or known as Code 19. According to his claims, these initials occur throughout their respective chapters in multiples of nineteen. The number 19 is directly mentioned in the 30th verse of
2751:
2674:
1652:
has a tradition of attributing mystical significance to the letters. The details differ between schools of Sufism; Sufi tradition generally regards the letters as an extension to the
2775:
2082:
2763:
2602:
376:
2469:"Tafsír-al-Hurúfát al-Muqatta'át (Commentary on the Isolated Letters) or Lawh-i Áyah-yi Núr (Tablet of the Light Verse) of Mírzá Husayn ʻAlí Núrí Baháʼ-Alláh (1817–1892)"
1635:, where it is stated that the first seven surat's muqaṭṭaʿāt have a numerical value of 1267, from which the year 1844 (the year of the Báb's declaration) can be derived.
2650:
2739:
3129:
2567:
2691:
2614:
1734:) to be meditated upon (in association with certain gestures) during a set of elaborate meditation exercises. He claims that these exercises are the basis of
2871:
2662:
2626:
3064:
1614:
609:, in line with the pattern seen in the next seven surahs. Multiple letters are written together like a word, but each letter is pronounced separately.
2380:
1189:
370:
1505:
Ahsan ur Rehman (2013) claims that there are phonological, syntactic and semantic links between the prefixed letters and the text of the chapters.
1305:
In all but 3 of the 29 cases, these letters are almost immediately followed by mention of the Qur'anic revelation itself (the exceptions are surat
1516:(1860) advanced the theory that the letters were marks of possession, belonging to the owners of Qur'anic copies used in the first collection by
3076:
2409:
2140:
1566:
3240:
1799:
350:
3110:
2079:
601:
occur in
Quranic chapters 2–3, 7, 10–15, 19–20, 26–32, 36, 38, 40–46, 50 and 68. Furthermore, the codex of
3122:
1895:
Devin J. Steward, "The mysterious letters and other formal features of the Qur'an in light of Greek and
Babylonian oracular texts", in:
316:
86:
1931:
1916:
590:
or for the names or content of the respective surahs. The general belief of most
Muslims is that their meaning is known only to Allah.
2560:
2115:
2021:
2006:
1991:
1976:
1961:
1946:
3235:
2288:
1442:
1283:. It is possible that the restricted set of letters was supposed to invoke an archaic variant of the Arabic alphabet modeled on the
311:
306:
223:
2948:
2715:
3207:
189:
3245:
2734:
482:
362:
206:
428:
3088:
2996:
2703:
1424:
72:
2553:
138:
2633:
3255:
3034:
2033:
Michael R. Rose; Casandra L. Rauser; Laurence D. Mueller; Javed Ahmed
Ghamidi; Saleem (July 2003). "Al-Baqarah (1–7)".
1494:
similarly attaches symbolic meanings to the letters, e.g. Nun (ن) symbolizing "fish" identifying the sura dedicated to
1415:
113:
2498:
Stewart, Devin J. (2008). "Notes on
Medieval and Modern Emendations of the Qur'an". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.).
1475:, are said to have favored the view that these letters stand for words or phrases related to God and His Attributes.
2960:
2378:
A note upon the messianic year 1260 / 1844 and the Bābī-Bahā'ī interpretation of the isolated letters of the Qur'an
2350:
1817:
1683:). In it, he describes how God created the letters. A black teardrop fell down from the Primordial Pen on the "
1196:
of the Qur'anic initial letters, labelled with the respective numbers of occurrences. To be read right to left.
2256:
The Syro-Aramaic
Reading of the Koran: A Contribution to the Decoding of the Language of the Koran 1st Edition
2843:
2823:
2669:
3250:
3182:
3049:
3039:
2838:
2758:
2746:
2681:
2316:"Reading Reading Itself: The Bab's 'Sura of the Bees,' A Commentary on Qur'an 12:93 from the Sura of Joseph"
2094:
A stylistic study of the consonant Șād (ﺹ) in three Qurʼanic chapters:Șād (38), Maryam (19) and Al Aʻrāf (7)
1769:
1719:
1684:
1490:
supported al-Razi's opinion, arguing that since these letters are names for Surahs, they are proper nouns.
3105:
2377:
1660:
3059:
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2833:
2828:
2818:
2645:
1468:
438:
423:
3202:
2722:
2609:
2710:
2240:
1653:
587:
98:
3100:
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3071:
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2698:
2657:
2621:
1664:
2943:
2806:
2794:
2782:
2597:
2447:"What on earth is a disconnected letter? - Bahaʼu'llah's commentary on the disconnected letters"
3117:
2938:
2876:
2770:
1781:
1483:
345:
340:
59:
1590:(1974) claimed to have discovered a mathematical code in the Qur'an based on these initials and the
1410:
2929:
2897:
1561:
1460:
475:
228:
2955:
2315:
2279:
2888:
2223:
Bellamy, James A. (1973) The
Mysterious Letters of the Koran: Old Abbreviations of the Basmalah.
2180:
2089:, "Morpho Phonemic Patterns in the Prefixed Chapters of the Qur'an: A Stylistic Approach" (2013)
1529:
1464:
298:
211:
194:
108:
2861:
1513:
1188:
3015:
2924:
2986:
2405:
2284:
2136:
2111:
1900:
1688:
1628:
1491:
1487:
1273:
938:
602:
403:
3044:
2914:
2592:
2172:
1805:
1284:
216:
199:
103:
3172:
2686:
2384:
2362:
2086:
1829:
1555:
1536:
1517:
824:
786:
767:
515:
514:, "disjoined letters" or "disconnected letters") are combinations of between one and five
504:
31:
2446:
1294:
is invariably followed by Lām. The substantial majority of the combinations begin either
3230:
3192:
3152:
3095:
1599:
1587:
1498:, or Ta (ط) representing "serpent" introducing suras that mention the story of Prophet
1376:
1193:
843:
805:
468:
451:
355:
77:
3224:
3177:
3054:
1809:
1632:
729:
691:
260:
247:
148:
1656:, with some authors offering specific "hidden" meanings for the individual letters.
2106:
Nöldeke, Theodor; Schwally, Friedrich; Bergsträßer, Gotthelf; Pretzl, Otto (2013).
1550:
Bellamy (1973) proposed that the letters are the remnants of abbreviations for the
1318:
1272:) are unused. The letters represented correspond to those letters written without
1265:
456:
233:
143:
3010:
1290:
Certain co-occurrence restrictions are observable in these letters; for instance,
38:
2399:
1785:
3147:
2853:
2345:. Evanston, IL: National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States.
1735:
1591:
1147:
995:
710:
672:
566:
560:
255:
2535:
2093:
2974:
2584:
2576:
2425:
1595:
1579:
1362:
1330:
1306:
1109:
1071:
900:
748:
284:
2176:
1348:
1322:
1090:
1052:
634:
2545:
1843:
67:
27:
Combinations of Arabic letters at the beginning of some surahs of the Quran
2135:(2010 reprint ed.). London: Royal Asiatic Society. pp. 141–142.
540:) or "openers" as they form the opening verse of their respective surahs.
2902:
2468:
2300:
1644:
1603:
1583:
1544:
1525:
1383:
1355:
1326:
1314:
1166:
1128:
1033:
957:
881:
653:
583:
572:
433:
398:
3157:
3027:
3003:
2919:
2184:
1739:
1551:
862:
527:
272:
162:
157:
17:
2228:
2090:
3197:
3167:
3162:
2907:
2536:
A comprehensive exposition of the theories surrounding the
Muqatta'at
1766:
1727:
1649:
1624:
1547:"god". Abbreviations from Aramaic or Greek have also been suggested.
1521:
1369:
1310:
1014:
976:
919:
579:
554:
332:
267:
2541:
The consonant şād in three Qur'anic chapters: Sād, Mary and al-A'rāf
2404:. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 109–110.
2199:
1619:
1610:
1535:
The Hebrew Theory assumes that the letters represent an import from
2517:
2160:
2048:
3142:
2883:
2866:
2017:
2002:
1987:
1972:
1957:
1942:
1927:
1912:
1718:
One
Western mystical interpretation of the muqattaʿat is given by
1692:
1499:
1495:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1187:
548:
523:
519:
279:
133:
49:
2110:. Translated by Behn, Wolfgang. Boston: Brill. pp. 270–273.
2979:
1277:
30:"Alif Laam Meem" redirects here. For the Muslim fraternity, see
2549:
2520:. In Neuwirth, Angelika; Sinai, Nicolai; Marx, Michael (eds.).
2335:
See the following source for more about Bábí letter symbolism:
1393:
2161:"A New Investigation into the 'Mystery Letters' of the Quran"
2133:
New Researches into the Composition and Exegesis of the Qoran
37:
For the Ottoman instrument for financing state expenses, see
518:
that appear at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters (
2518:"Al-Hawamim: Intertextuality and Coherence in Meccan Suras"
1200:
There are 14 distinct combinations; the most frequent are
2268:
Otto Loth, "Tabaris Korankommentar" ZDMG 35 (1888), 603f.
2424:
An example is given by Siddiq Osman Noormuhammad of the
2401:
Gate of the Heart: Understanding the Writings of the Báb
2053:
Exegesis of the Holy Qur'an – Commentary and Reflections
1582:
interpretations. Loth (1888) suggested a connection to
1554:. Bellamy's suggestion was criticized as improbable by
1420:
partly garbled account, partly of doubtful notability.
1707:) of Muhammad. He emphasizes the central role of the
578:
The original significance of the letters is unknown.
2852:
2583:
586:) has interpreted them as abbreviations for either
2049:"Derivation of Vocabulary from its Root Alphabets"
1617:. He writes in an early commentary and in his
530:Islamic phrase. The letters are also known as
2561:
476:
8:
1798:Massey, Keith. Jane Dammen McAuliffe (ed.).
543:Four (or five) chapters are named for their
535:
2440:
2438:
2283:, Islamic Productions International, 1982.
1724:Die Praxis der alten türkischen Freimauerei
1691:was created. The Point then turned into an
2568:
2554:
2546:
2047:Amatul Rahman Omar and Abdul Mannan Omar,
1699:", mostly relating to Allah, trusteeship (
611:
483:
469:
45:
2280:Quran: Visual Presentation of the Miracle
1899:ed. Reynolds, Routledge (2012), 323–348 (
1443:Learn how and when to remove this message
2225:Journal of the American Oriental Society
2154:
2152:
1759:
48:
2358:
2348:
2339:"Letters of the Living (Hurúf-i-Hayy)"
1825:
1815:
1726:; von Sebottendorf interprets them as
1867:
1567:The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran
605:additionally had Surah 39 begin with
7:
2069:. Faraan Foundation. pp. 82–85.
1602:to refer to the 19 keeper angels of
2500:The Quran in its Historical Context
536:
508:
1669:Commentary on the Isolated Letters
25:
2735:Al-Duri 'an Al-Kissa'i recitation
1578:There have been attempts to give
1539:. Specifically, the combination
1810:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00128
1398:
1264:ر. The six final letters of the
2634:Al-Duri 'an Al-Basri recitation
1509:Scribal intrusion or corruption
1897:New Perspectives on the Qur'an
1685:Perspicuous, Snow-white Tablet
1:
2254:Luxenberg, Christoph (2009).
2187:– via www.academia.edu.
1673:Tafsír-i-Hurúfát-i-Muqattaʻih
3130:Abu 'Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami
3035:Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam
2131:Hirschfeld, Hartwig (1902).
1804:. Vol. 3. p. 242.
2343:Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project
2065:Islahi, Amin Ahsan (2004).
1613:used the muqaṭṭaʿāt in his
1543:would correspond to Hebrew
1418:. The specific problem is:
3272:
2524:. Brill. pp. 461–498.
2430:Salawaat by Sufi Mashaaikh
2238:A. Welch, "al-Ḳurʾān" in:
1780:مقطعات is the plural of a
1711:in all the worlds of God.
1642:
1414:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
1321:(the exceptions are surat
36:
29:
3138:
2502:. Routledge. p. 234.
2383:28 September 2011 at the
2108:The History of the Qur'ān
1681:Tablet of the Light Verse
588:names or qualities of God
3236:Arabic words and phrases
2177:10.1163/1570058962582804
1654:ninety-nine names of God
1520:during the reign of the
3040:Abu al-Qasim al-Shatibi
2844:Abu Al-Faraj recitation
2824:Ibn Shanbuth recitation
2670:Ibn Thaqouan recitation
1848:Encyclopedia Britannica
1770:Preliminary Discourse 3
1720:Rudolf von Sebottendorf
1703:) and the prophethood (
1623:(Seven Proofs) about a
3246:Language and mysticism
2970:Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud
2839:Al-Mutawaie recitation
2759:Ibn Djammaz recitation
2747:Ibn Wardane recitation
2398:Saiedi, Nader (2008).
2159:Massey, Keith (1996).
1469:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
1197:
3106:Muhammad ibn Muheisan
2522:The Qurʾān in Context
2516:Dayeh, Islam (2009).
2241:Encyclopedia of Islam
1643:Further information:
1191:
114:Birmingham manuscript
99:Samarkand Kufic Quran
3183:Qur'anic punctuation
3060:Abu Jaafar al-Madani
3050:Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid
2939:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi
2834:Ibn Farah recitation
2829:Al-Khayat recitation
2819:Al-Balkhi recitation
2646:As-Soussi recitation
2467:Lambden, Stephen N.
2375:Lambden, Stephen N.
2085:26 June 2015 at the
1600:Surah Al-Muddaththir
1484:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
1425:improve this section
1061:Ḥā Mīm; ʿAin Sīn Qāf
3203:Special recitations
2898:Ibn Kathir al-Makki
2723:Al-Layth recitation
2610:Al-Bazzi recitation
1562:Christoph Luxenberg
1461:Abd Allah ibn Abbas
1184:Structural analysis
3241:Bahá'í terminology
3101:Sulaiman al-Aʽmash
2711:Khallad recitation
2682:Shu'bah recitation
2445:Marshall, Alison.
2361:has generic name (
1801:Mysterious Letters
1530:Hartwig Hirschfeld
1465:Abdullah ibn Masud
1198:
814:Kāf Hā Yā ʿAin Ṣād
509:حُرُوف مُقَطَّعَات
497:mysterious letters
363:Biblical parallels
109:Topkapi manuscript
3218:
3217:
3084:Khalaf ibn Hisham
3072:Yaqoub al-Hadrami
2992:Khalaf ibn Hisham
2987:Hamzah az-Zaiyyat
2699:Khalaf recitation
2658:Hisham recitation
2622:Qunbul recitation
2411:978-1-55458-035-4
2351:cite encyclopedia
2227:93 (3), 267–285.
2142:978-1-166-29458-8
1844:"Fawātiḥ | Islam"
1818:cite encyclopedia
1677:Lawh-i-Áyiy-i-Núr
1663:, founder of the
1629:Muhammad al-Baqir
1492:Hamiduddin Farahi
1488:Amin Ahsan Islahi
1453:
1452:
1445:
1416:quality standards
1407:This section may
1274:Arabic diacritics
1181:
1180:
681:ʾAlif Lām Mīm Ṣād
493:
492:
377:Mentioned by name
16:(Redirected from
3263:
3256:Muqattaʿat suras
3211:
3126:
3114:
3092:
3080:
3068:
3045:Mujahid ibn Jabr
3024:
3000:
2964:
2952:
2944:Hisham ibn Ammar
2933:
2915:Abu Amr of Basra
2815:
2807:Ishaq recitation
2803:
2795:Idris recitation
2791:
2783:Rouis recitation
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2598:Qalun recitation
2593:Warsh recitation
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2525:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2480:
2479:
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2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2395:
2389:
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2367:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2346:
2337:Editors (2009).
2333:
2327:
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2324:
2322:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2277:Rashad Khalifa,
2275:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2204:www.academia.edu
2195:
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2156:
2147:
2146:
2128:
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2121:
2103:
2097:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:Taddabur-i-Quran
2062:
2056:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2024:
2015:
2009:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
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1934:
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1858:
1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1795:
1789:
1788:"to cut, break".
1778:
1772:
1764:
1730:-like formulas (
1687:", by which the
1675:, also known as
1620:Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih
1448:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1428:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1285:Aramaic alphabet
757:ʾAlif Lām Mīm Rā
612:
571:, and sometimes
539:
538:
512:ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt
510:
485:
478:
471:
429:Quran and Sunnah
104:Sanaa manuscript
73:First revelation
46:
21:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3205:
3173:Ten recitations
3134:
3120:
3118:Yahya al-Yazidi
3108:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3018:
2994:
2958:
2946:
2927:
2862:Nafiʽ al-Madani
2848:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2771:Rouh recitation
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2687:Hafs recitation
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2579:
2577:Quranic qira'at
2574:
2532:
2515:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2473:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2432:Nairobi (2004).
2423:
2419:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2385:Wayback Machine
2374:
2370:
2357:
2347:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2244:2nd ed. (1978).
2237:
2233:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2087:Wayback Machine
2080:Ahsan ur Rehman
2078:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2046:
2042:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2016:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1986:
1982:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1952:
1941:
1937:
1926:
1922:
1911:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1647:
1641:
1615:Qayyúmu'l-Asmáʼ
1576:
1556:Alford T. Welch
1537:Biblical Hebrew
1518:Zayd ibn Thābit
1514:Theodor Nöldeke
1511:
1481:
1458:
1449:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1422:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:Interpretations
1270:thakhadh ḍaẓagh
1186:
596:
526:just after the
489:
444:
443:
419:
418:
409:
408:
394:
393:
392:Characteristics
384:
383:
373:
371:Related persons
336:
335:
324:
323:
302:
301:
290:
289:
251:
250:
239:
238:
185:
184:
175:
174:
129:
128:
119:
118:
63:
62:
42:
35:
32:Alpha Lambda Mu
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3269:
3267:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3251:Quranic verses
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3200:
3195:
3193:Heavenly Quran
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3098:
3096:Hasan al-Basri
3093:
3081:
3069:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2953:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2756:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2679:
2667:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2530:External links
2528:
2527:
2526:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:
2490:
2481:
2459:
2434:
2417:
2410:
2390:
2368:
2328:
2314:Lawson, Todd.
2306:
2292:
2270:
2261:
2246:
2231:
2216:
2198:Sajah Suaeed.
2190:
2148:
2141:
2123:
2117:978-9004212343
2116:
2098:
2091:lasjan.page.tl
2072:
2057:
2040:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1950:
1935:
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1905:
1888:
1872:
1870:, p. 463.
1860:
1835:
1826:|journal=
1790:
1773:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1697:alif, lam, mim
1640:
1637:
1588:Rashad Khalifa
1575:
1572:
1522:Caliph 'Uthmān
1510:
1507:
1502:and serpents.
1480:
1477:
1467:, as cited by
1457:
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944:
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665:
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646:
640:
637:
632:
628:
627:
622:
619:
616:
603:Ubayy ibn Ka'b
595:
592:
516:Arabic letters
491:
490:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
462:
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460:
459:
454:
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303:
297:
296:
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288:
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270:
264:
263:
258:
252:
246:
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241:
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237:
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231:
226:
220:
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202:
197:
192:
186:
182:
181:
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172:
165:
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154:
153:
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146:
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130:
126:
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121:
120:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
95:
94:
90:
89:
83:
82:
81:
80:
78:Asbab al-Nuzul
75:
64:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3268:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3209:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3178:Seven readers
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Ibn al-Jazari
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2962:
2957:
2954:
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2945:
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2940:
2937:
2931:
2926:
2923:
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2918:
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2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2890:
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2886:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2566:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2369:
2364:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2329:
2317:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2301:"Quran 74:30"
2296:
2293:
2290:
2289:0-934894-30-2
2286:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1819:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1763:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:, namely the
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:numerological
1573:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1473:Bahr al-Muhit
1470:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1447:
1444:
1436:
1433:February 2016
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1202:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
1195:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
980:
978:
975:
972:
971:
967:
966:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
964:
961:
959:
956:
953:
952:
948:
947:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
945:
942:
940:
937:
934:
933:
929:
928:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
926:
923:
921:
918:
915:
914:
910:
909:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
907:
904:
902:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
885:
883:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
866:
864:
861:
858:
857:
853:
850:
847:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
828:
826:
823:
820:
819:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
801:
800:
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
781:
777:
774:
771:
769:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
752:
750:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
731:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
712:
709:
706:
705:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
687:
686:
682:
679:
676:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
660:
657:
655:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:ʾAlif Lām Mīm
641:
638:
636:
633:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
615:Table Number
614:
613:
610:
608:
604:
600:
593:
591:
589:
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
569:
564:
563:
558:
557:
552:
551:
546:
541:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
506:
502:
498:
486:
481:
479:
474:
472:
467:
466:
464:
463:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
447:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
413:
412:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
388:
387:
378:
375:
374:
372:
368:
367:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
338:
334:
328:
327:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
305:
304:
300:
294:
293:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
249:
243:
242:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
179:
178:
171:
170:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
123:
122:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
85:
84:
79:
76:
74:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
61:
55:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3187:
2956:Ibn Thaqouan
2521:
2499:
2493:
2484:
2472:. Retrieved
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2429:
2420:
2400:
2393:
2376:
2371:
2342:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2309:
2295:
2278:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2249:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2203:
2200:"Muqatta'at"
2193:
2168:
2164:
2132:
2126:
2107:
2101:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2028:
2013:
1998:
1983:
1968:
1953:
1938:
1923:
1908:
1896:
1891:
1883:
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2035:Renaissance
1853:20 February
1736:Freemasonry
1661:Baháʼu'lláh
1427:if you can.
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901:al-ʿAnkabūt
351:Esotericism
229:Eschatology
93:Manuscripts
87:Historicity
3225:Categories
3188:Muqattaʿat
2474:29 January
2426:Naqshbandi
2171:(3): 499.
1868:Dayeh 2009
1782:participle
1755:References
1633:Shiʻi Imam
1596:Quran code
1574:Numerology
1363:Al-Ankabut
1323:al-Baqarah
1110:al-Jāthiya
1072:Az-Zukhruf
890:Ṭā Sīn Mīm
852:Ṭā Sīn Mīm
635:al-Baqarah
625:Muqattaʿāt
599:Muqatta'at
545:muqaṭṭaʿāt
501:muqaṭṭaʿāt
439:Shi’a view
356:Abrogation
169:Muqatta'at
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3011:Al-Kisa'i
2925:Al-Soussi
2585:Qira'ates
2428:order in
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424:Criticism
404:Inerrancy
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2872:Al-Azraq
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2321:19 March
2083:Archived
1705:nubuwwah
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1584:Gematria
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1356:Al-Imran
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537:فَوَاتِح
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2975:Shu'bah
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2165:Arabica
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1411:cleanup
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768:Ibrāhīm
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532:fawātiḥ
417:Related
312:English
285:Qira'at
273:Tarteel
248:Reading
224:Science
207:Legends
200:Animals
183:Content
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