203:
55:
394:
Wide evidence of stone inscriptions have been found scattered all over the area which constitutes
Novempopulania. These recordings feature names of deities, persons and places with easily identifiable similarities to present-day Basque, a fact that provides, along with current and ancient place-names
327:, namely Civitas Ausciorum, Civ. Aquensium, Civ. Lactoratium, Civ. Convenarum, Civ. Consorannorum, Civ. Boatium, Civ. Benarnensium, Civ. Aturensium, Civ. Vasatica, Civ. Turba, Civ. Illoronensium and Civ. Elusatium. These civitas are in turn identifiable with present-day towns and cities as follows:
315:
The newly acquired status may have affected not only the tax system but the conscription and military order too, since two separate bodies were created within
Aquitania, i.e. the "Cohortes Aquitanorum" for old Aquitanians and "Cohortes Aquitanorum Biturigum" for those of proper
291:
The name
Novempopulania stands for the nine peoples making up the original territory (Aquitania Tertia). It seems clear that at the time of the lower empire (2nd to 4th century), the nine peoples were granted by the emperor the right to detach from the
1826:
449:
Accounts of events taking place at that time on the territory of
Novempopulania are confusing and blurred, and so are the names of the peoples and their geographical locations, who are as of now dubbed
1821:
698:
691:
1831:
438:, where they established their seat. Other than this, their power tenure over Novempopulania may have been more nominal than real. Furthermore, after the 507
684:
275:. In his work, Caesar describes the Aquitani as being different in language and body type from their northerly neighbours and more similar to the
1204:
485:
and Vascon raids that occurred later on are often mentioned in various documents. Novempopulania was to become the core region of the
1353:
664:
637:
610:
561:
1841:
1778:
1029:
176:
151:
1097:
1021:
1010:
762:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
1846:
1836:
1164:
798:
1601:
707:
267:
1084:
418:
In 418, in the stir of the crumbling rule of the Roman Empire and its territories overrun by
Germanic tribes, emperor
323:
The number of peoples went on to be twelve later, the tribes being identified with a corresponding capital town or
676:
493:, but which often conducted a semi-autonomous governance of Basque-Aquitanian background. It later split into the
1281:
1223:
1034:
1621:
1606:
1430:
1159:
1106:
1102:
1064:
996:
817:
1425:
1372:
1309:
1149:
1139:
968:
938:
525:
498:
384:
305:
1631:
1074:
958:
489:, which was established by the Franks at the beginning of the 7th century with a view to holding back the
1646:
1415:
1228:
1154:
747:
67:
1069:
1784:
1301:
953:
785:
755:
408:
41:
1790:
1745:
1563:
1553:
1215:
1044:
991:
986:
759:
467:
364:
352:
1641:
1616:
1523:
1498:
1387:
1271:
1121:
933:
730:
577:
419:
481:
The crisis of Late antiquity brought about much unrest and turmoil in
Novempopulania, where the
300:
Verus and, as a result, a celebrating altar was erected which was dedicated to the deity of the
1768:
1475:
1465:
1460:
1364:
1334:
1131:
981:
872:
862:
837:
832:
660:
633:
606:
557:
515:
486:
439:
1851:
1704:
1699:
1656:
1611:
1518:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1191:
928:
920:
348:
272:
222:
156:
403:
mentioned by
Ptolemy on the eastern fringes of Novempopulania) and traces of Basque in the
1684:
1674:
1581:
1533:
1488:
1407:
1329:
1314:
1233:
976:
880:
852:
827:
809:
530:
475:
404:
86:
29:
430:, with their tribes settling on the fringes of Novempopulania at both banks of the River
478:
tribes, different from the more restricted definition provided at the time of
Augustus.
202:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1626:
1571:
1382:
1276:
1248:
1238:
1116:
900:
857:
847:
37:
1815:
1576:
1528:
1493:
1483:
1392:
1092:
895:
890:
842:
822:
751:
735:
262:
258:
1774:
1591:
1586:
1538:
1324:
1291:
1286:
1111:
885:
763:
412:
276:
304:. This fact is accounted for by the remains of the altar unearthed in the current
1797:
1669:
1636:
1548:
1503:
1377:
1319:
391:) remained the capital city of Novempopulania throughout most of its existence.
332:
770:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
249:
dwelt. The territory extended within the triangular area outlined by the River
1664:
1508:
910:
739:
218:
54:
1450:
1339:
948:
943:
423:
344:
340:
309:
241:
1543:
1513:
1435:
1144:
1059:
767:
510:
490:
482:
471:
435:
396:
356:
336:
280:
254:
246:
169:
1740:
1596:
1455:
1397:
1054:
1049:
1039:
520:
494:
431:
250:
217:
for "country of the nine peoples") was one of the provinces created by
1750:
443:
376:
372:
360:
194:
1796: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
1445:
1440:
1420:
388:
380:
368:
317:
301:
293:
214:
71:
1160:
Numidia (divided as
Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
328:
1729:
1189:
783:
719:
680:
474:
had taken on an extended meaning arguably encompassing all
754:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
283:
and began to signify a larger and more diverse territory.
1827:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1822:
States and territories established in the 3rd century
1655:
1562:
1474:
1406:
1363:
1352:
1300:
1262:
1214:
1203:
1130:
1083:
1020:
1009:
967:
919:
871:
808:
797:
190:
106:
96:
82:
63:
21:
659:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 149.
632:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 132.
605:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 133.
556:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 127.
1777:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
692:
8:
279:. The province of Aquitania was enlarged by
206:Novempopulania was first known as Aquitania.
1800:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
470:) with no clear boundaries. At that point,
239:The area of Novempopulania was first named
1726:
1360:
1211:
1200:
1186:
1017:
805:
794:
780:
716:
699:
685:
677:
442:, they were expelled from the area by the
53:
18:
734:. Provincial administration reformed and
16:Administrative region of the Roman Empire
708:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
201:
542:
221:(Roman emperor from 284 to 305) out of
62:
578:"La Pierre Romaine / Erromatar Harria"
1832:Ancient history of the Basque Country
123:
119:
105:
95:
91:
77:
7:
14:
1140:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
766:in c. 640–660, although in
174:
149:
750:established after the death of
411:), the basis for an Aquitanian
296:proper (Celts) by means of the
1098:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1022:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
1:
1165:Tripolitania (Roman province)
743:
589:Article in French and Basque
407:language (especially in the
268:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
1773: Re-established after
1085:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
653:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
626:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
599:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
550:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
422:allocated Aquitania to the
1868:
656:Los vascones y sus vecinos
629:Los vascones y sus vecinos
602:Los vascones y sus vecinos
553:Los vascones y sus vecinos
28:Akitania bederatzi lagun (
1763:
1746:Quaestura exercitus (536)
1736:
1725:
1199:
1185:
793:
779:
726:
715:
128:
124:
120:
116:
92:
78:
59:Novempopulania around 600
52:
47:
36:
1622:Palaestina III Salutaris
818:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
225:, which was also called
1842:Provinces of Roman Gaul
1789: Placed under the
1150:Mauretania Caesariensis
969:Diocese of the Britains
526:Northern Basque Country
24:Aquitania novempopulana
1632:Phoenice II Libanensis
1335:Macedonia II Salutaris
748:praetorian prefectures
710:(4th–7th centuries AD)
245:, as it was where the
207:
108:• Disestablished
1354:Praetorian prefecture
1229:Noricum mediterraneum
1205:Praetorian prefecture
1155:Mauretania Sitifensis
1050:Picenum Suburbicarium
1011:Praetorian prefecture
799:Praetorian prefecture
746: 293. Permanent
205:
1847:History of Aquitaine
1837:Late Roman provinces
1785:Diocese of Illyricum
1779:Prefecture of Africa
1534:Galatia II Salutaris
1302:Diocese of Macedonia
1192:Eastern Roman Empire
954:Mauretania Tingitana
786:Western Roman Empire
42:Western Roman Empire
1791:Quaestura exercitus
1564:Diocese of the East
1554:Pontus Polemoniacus
1216:Diocese of Pannonia
1045:Lucania et Bruttium
992:Maxima Caesariensis
987:Flavia Caesariensis
580:. Ville d'Hasparren
468:Ravenna Cosmography
466:, according to the
462:(as opposed to the
98:• Established
1642:Syria II Salutaris
1499:Armenian Satrapies
1272:Dacia Mediterranea
1194:(395–c. 640)
1122:Venetia et Histria
1030:Apulia et Calabria
731:Notitia Dignitatum
499:County of Vasconia
261:, as described by
235:Early Roman period
208:
1807:
1806:
1769:Septem Provinciae
1759:
1758:
1731:Other territories
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1504:Armenia III (536)
1476:Diocese of Pontus
1466:Phrygia Salutaris
1461:Phrygia Pacatiana
1365:Diocese of Thrace
1348:
1347:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1132:Diocese of Africa
1005:
1004:
873:Diocese of Vienne
863:Maxima Sequanorum
775:
774:
516:Duchy of Vasconia
487:Duchy of Vasconia
440:Battle of Vouille
200:
199:
186:
185:
182:
181:
162:
161:
1859:
1783: Later the
1767: Later the
1727:
1705:Thebais Inferior
1700:Thebais Superior
1657:Diocese of Egypt
1647:Theodorias (528)
1509:Armenia IV (536)
1361:
1264:Diocese of Dacia
1254:Valeria ripensis
1212:
1201:
1187:
1070:Tuscia et Umbria
1018:
921:Diocese of Spain
806:
795:
781:
745:
728:As found in the
717:
701:
694:
687:
678:
671:
670:
650:
644:
643:
623:
617:
616:
596:
590:
588:
586:
585:
574:
568:
567:
547:
495:Duchy of Gascony
434:as far south as
409:Béarnese dialect
365:Aire-sur-l'Adour
273:Gallia Aquitania
228:Aquitania Tertia
223:Gallia Aquitania
178:
177:
166:
165:
157:Gallia Aquitania
153:
152:
146:
145:
130:
129:
57:
26:
19:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1755:
1732:
1709:
1685:Augustamnica II
1651:
1558:
1470:
1408:Diocese of Asia
1402:
1355:
1344:
1330:Macedonia Prima
1296:
1258:
1234:Noricum ripense
1206:
1195:
1169:
1126:
1079:
1012:
1001:
963:
915:
881:Alpes Maritimae
867:
853:Lugdunensis III
810:Diocese of Gaul
800:
789:
788:(395–476)
771:
738:established by
722:
711:
705:
675:
674:
667:
652:
651:
647:
640:
625:
624:
620:
613:
598:
597:
593:
583:
581:
576:
575:
571:
564:
549:
548:
544:
539:
531:Basque language
507:
476:Basque-language
289:
237:
175:
150:
109:
99:
58:
48:3rd century–626
27:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Libya Inferior
1692:
1690:Libya Superior
1687:
1682:
1680:Augustamnica I
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Lycaonia (370)
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:Dacia Ripensis
1274:
1268:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1209:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
939:Carthaginensis
936:
931:
925:
923:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
906:Novempopulania
903:
901:Narbonensis II
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
875:
869:
868:
866:
865:
860:
858:Lugdunensis IV
855:
850:
848:Lugdunensis II
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
812:
803:
791:
790:
784:
777:
776:
773:
772:
727:
724:
723:
720:
713:
712:
706:
704:
703:
696:
689:
681:
673:
672:
665:
645:
638:
618:
611:
591:
569:
562:
541:
540:
538:
535:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
506:
503:
464:Spanoguasconia
288:
287:Late antiquity
285:
236:
233:
211:Novempopulania
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
179:
172:
163:
160:
159:
154:
142:
141:
136:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:
84:
83:Historical era
80:
79:
76:
75:
65:
61:
60:
50:
49:
45:
44:
34:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1864:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1810:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1728:
1724:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1617:Palaestina II
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1524:Cappadocia II
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:Armenia Maior
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Alpes Cottiae
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1008:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
960:
959:Tarraconensis
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
922:
918:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Narbonensis I
894:
892:
891:Aquitanica II
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
874:
870:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Lugdunensis I
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
813:
811:
807:
804:
802:
796:
792:
787:
782:
778:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:Constantine I
749:
741:
737:
733:
732:
725:
718:
714:
709:
702:
697:
695:
690:
688:
683:
682:
679:
668:
666:84-7148-136-7
662:
658:
655:
649:
646:
641:
639:84-7148-136-7
635:
631:
628:
622:
619:
614:
612:84-7148-136-7
608:
604:
601:
595:
592:
579:
573:
570:
565:
563:84-7148-136-7
559:
555:
552:
546:
543:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:north of the
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
319:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
298:magister pagi
295:
286:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
264:
263:Julius Caesar
260:
259:Bay of Biscay
256:
252:
248:
244:
243:
234:
232:
230:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
196:
193:
191:Today part of
189:
173:
171:
168:
167:
164:
158:
155:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
127:
115:
111:
101:
88:
85:
81:
73:
69:
66:
56:
51:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
25:
20:
1809:
1751:Spania (552)
1612:Palaestina I
1592:Euphratensis
1539:Helenopontus
1519:Cappadocia I
1426:Hellespontus
1325:Epirus Vetus
1292:Praevalitana
1207:of Illyricum
997:Valentia (?)
982:Britannia II
905:
886:Aquitanica I
764:theme system
729:
657:
654:
648:
630:
627:
621:
603:
600:
594:
582:. Retrieved
572:
554:
551:
545:
480:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
427:
417:
413:proto-Basque
400:
393:
324:
322:
314:
297:
290:
277:Celtiberians
266:
240:
238:
227:
226:
210:
209:
139:Succeeded by
138:
133:
23:
1798:Justinian I
1670:Aegyptus II
1602:Mesopotamia
1549:Paphlagonia
1378:Haemimontus
1356:of the East
1320:Epirus Nova
1244:Pannonia II
977:Britannia I
838:Germania II
134:Preceded by
102:3rd century
1816:Categories
1775:reconquest
1665:Aegyptus I
1627:Phoenice I
1582:Cilicia II
1489:Armenia II
1239:Pannonia I
911:Viennensis
833:Germania I
828:Belgica II
768:Asia Minor
740:Diocletian
584:2010-10-11
537:References
401:Illiberris
219:Diocletian
1577:Cilicia I
1529:Galatia I
1484:Armenia I
1451:Pamphylia
1383:Moesia II
1340:Thessalia
1117:Raetia II
949:Lusitania
944:Gallaecia
934:Balearica
823:Belgica I
460:Guasconia
428:foederati
424:Visigoths
345:Couserans
341:Comminges
310:Hasparren
242:Aquitania
87:Antiquity
1544:Honorias
1514:Bithynia
1287:Moesia I
1282:Dardania
1224:Dalmatia
1145:Byzacena
1112:Raetia I
1060:Sardinia
1035:Campania
1013:of Italy
736:dioceses
511:Aquitani
505:See also
497:and the
483:bagaudae
472:Vascones
456:Wasconia
452:Vascones
436:Toulouse
420:Honorius
415:theory.
397:Pyrenees
337:Lectoure
320:origin.
308:town of
281:Augustus
257:and the
255:Pyrenees
247:Aquitani
170:Vasconia
38:Province
1852:Gascony
1741:Taurica
1675:Arcadia
1637:Syria I
1607:Osroene
1597:Isauria
1456:Pisidia
1431:Islands
1398:Thracia
1393:Scythia
1388:Rhodope
1107:Aemilia
1103:Liguria
1075:Valeria
1065:Sicilia
1055:Samnium
1040:Corsica
929:Baetica
801:of Gaul
756:Ravenna
721:History
521:Gascony
491:Basques
432:Garonne
325:civitas
318:Gaulish
265:in his
251:Garonne
64:Capital
1793:in 536
1587:Cyprus
1572:Arabia
1373:Europa
1310:Achaea
760:Africa
663:
636:
609:
560:
444:Franks
405:Gascon
399:(e.g.
377:Oloron
373:Tarbes
361:Lescar
306:Basque
253:, the
195:France
30:Basque
1446:Lydia
1441:Lycia
1421:Caria
1315:Creta
1249:Savia
389:Eauze
385:Elusa
381:Eauze
369:Bazas
357:Béarn
302:pagus
294:Gauls
215:Latin
72:Eauze
68:Elusa
1416:Asia
758:and
661:ISBN
634:ISBN
607:ISBN
558:ISBN
353:Born
351:and
349:Buch
329:Auch
271:for
1105:et
426:as
359:or
333:Dax
312:.
112:626
40:of
1818::
744:c.
742:,
501:.
458:,
454:,
446:.
383:.
379:,
375:,
371:,
367:,
363:,
355:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
231:.
700:e
693:t
686:v
669:.
642:.
615:.
587:.
566:.
387:(
213:(
74:)
70:(
32:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
