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expression. On the contrary, one would rather be inclined to wonder that, in an ethical study of warfare like the present, a commentator upon Plato's
Republic should have failed to show at any point some trace of the not infrequent references to war and its basic cause, the character of the good soldier, the need of constant military exercise, the style of life of the soldier, the professional aspect of successful military preparation, mathematics as a necessary element in an officer's education, proposals looking toward the elimination of certain of the more cruel aspects of warfare, at least between civilized states, and similar topics discussed in that great work. Such silence on the part of Onasander, although not sufficient, perhaps, to cast doubt on the identity of our author with the writer mentioned by , would more naturally suggest that in The General we have a study anterior to a period of preoccupation with Plato.
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general towards his troops, the enemy, and his fellow-citizens; the morale of the troops, the effect of particular policies and tactics upon morale, and the like; together with much sound advice about elementary matters.... In two respects
Onasander differs markedly from other Greek and Roman military writers. He regards everything from the point of view primarily of the commanding officer, to the question of selecting whom he devotes a long and valuable passage, and he lays uncommon stress upon ethical and religious considerations... there is nothing very philosophic nor technically military in the treatise, which is intended to give merely the broad principles of generalship (στρατηγικαὶ ὑφηγήσεις, prooem. 3), and lays no claim to originality.
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312:, and something similar may not have been unknown at one time in Sparta, hence it can hardly have escaped the attention of military writers. The same topic is treated also in extant literature from before the time of Onasander by Xenophon in his Symposium, VIII.32, 34, 35, so that, although Onasander can hardly have been ignorant of the famous passage in Plato (Symposium, 178E ff.), it is hardly necessary to assume that this was its immediate source.
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the burden of the treatise is really ethics, morale, and the general principles of success in arms.... The treatise consists of forty-two chapters upon various aspects of a commander's duties, notably ethical considerations regarding the character, social status, bearing, behaviour, and attitude of a
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in 1493, appeared in rapid succession in
Spanish, German, French, Italian, and English, and such a demand, for these were no mere philological exercises, shows that many a practical soldier took to heart his counsel, and that much of it has passed thereby into the common body of military science.
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As for the discrimination between φθόνος and ζῆλος there is no real parallel in Plato, whereas an almost exact counterpart exists in
Aristotle.... such definitions, however, were the stock in trade of philosophers, and do not presuppose a specific source unless there is some marked similarity in
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is one of the most important treatises on ancient military matters and provides information not commonly available in other ancient works on Greek military tactics, especially concerning the use of the light infantry in battle.
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Traces of
Platonic philosophy have been sought in the , especially in the admonition that friends should fight beside friends (Ch. 24), and in the distinction made between φθόνος and ζῆλος (Ch. 42.25).
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333:, of whom the latter in a large measure paraphrases Onasander. In the Renaissance he enjoyed a remarkable popularity. Translations, beginning with the
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According to
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for the composition of the treatise is 59. The only other references to
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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to was the consul of A.D. 49, who died while in command in
Britain ten years later, so the
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Towards the end of the next century the first edition of the Greek text, by
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607:"The Ideal of the Roman General in Byzantium: the Reception of Onasander's
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XIV.112, Ὀνήσανδρος δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς στρατηγικὸν συντάξας λόγον.
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40:Start of Sagundino's translation of Onasander's
286:But the essence of the first idea is as old as
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16:1st century AD Ancient Greek philosopher
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296:(Β 362 f.); it was practised among the
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167:, which is lost; as well as of the
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546:Oldfather, William Abbot (1923p).
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611:in Byzantine Military Literature"
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659:1st-century Greek philosophers
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308:, being characteristic of the
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350:Editions and translations
227:to whom he dedicated the
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617:(Edinburgh 2022) 242-263
264:According to Oldfather,
93:Ancient Roman philosophy
429:Encyclopædia Britannica
278:According to Oldfather:
558:Loeb Classical Library
454:De magistratibus, I.47
368:Loeb Classical Library
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649:Commentators on Plato
630:(London 1998) 151–166
310:Sacred Band of Thebes
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621:Christopher J. Smith
244:of the so‑called Leo
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233:terminus ante quem
83:Ancient philosophy
654:Middle Platonists
567:978-0-434-99156-3
377:978-0-434-99156-3
339:Niccolò Sagundino
300:, Italic Greeks,
290:'s advice in the
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358:"Onasander"
258:Strategikos
251:Strategikos
229:Strategikos
217:Strategikos
189:Strategikos
177:Στρατηγικός
169:Strategikos
155:philosopher
115:Koine Greek
69:Strategikos
42:Strategikos
638:Categories
540:References
274:Philosophy
148:Onosandros
144:Onesandros
140:Ὀνήσανδρος
29:Ὀνήσανδρος
424:Onosander
344:Rigaltius
306:Boeotians
131:Onosander
127:Onasander
23:Onasander
573:2 August
383:2 August
221:Republic
160:Republic
111:Language
600:Technai
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327:Maurice
302:Cretans
242:Tactica
193:Maurice
181:general
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331:Leo VI
321:Legacy
304:, and
298:Eleans
288:Nestor
197:Leo VI
187:. The
100:School
89:Region
393:Notes
335:Latin
293:Iliad
165:Plato
152:Greek
135:Greek
575:2023
562:ISBN
385:2023
372:ISBN
329:and
213:Suda
207:Life
195:and
50:Born
426:".
163:of
129:or
79:Era
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