422:
521:) – Protection given to a fugitive from his enemies, at all costs. Even those running from the law must be given refuge until the situation can be clarified. Nənawā́te can also be used when the vanquished party in a dispute pleads for forgiveness in the house of the victors, a form of chivalrous surrender. In a notable example, US Navy officer
363:
The
Pashtun tribes are always engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress. ... Every family cultivates its vendetta; every clan, its feud. ... Nothing is ever forgotten and very few debts are left unpaid.
263:
or practices for their own benefit. Conversely, many urbanized
Pashtuns tend to ignore the rules of Pashtunwali. Passed on from generation to generation, Pashtunwali guides both individual and communal conduct. Practiced by the majority of Pashtuns, it helps to promote
252:) since at least the 1st millennium BC. During that period, much of their mountainous territory has remained outside government rule or control. Pashtun resistance to outside rule and the terrain they reside in is sometimes speculated to be why
723:). A Pashtun man's pride must be respected, and he must respect himself and others, especially strangers. Respect begins at home, among family members and relatives. A man without respect is unworthy of being a Pashtun. In the poetry of
529:
team ambushed by
Taliban fighters, was aided by members of the Pashtun Sabray tribe. The tribal chief Mohammed Gulab gave the soldier refuge in his village, fending off attacking tribes until he was returned to nearby US
272:
Ideal
Pukhtun behaviour approximates the features of Pukhtunwali, the code of the Pukhtuns, which includes the following traditional features: courage (tora), revenge (badal), hospitality (melmestia), generosity to a
501:) – Showing hospitality and respect to all visitors, regardless of race, religion, nationality or wealth, without any expectation of repayment. Pashtuns will go to great lengths to show their hospitality.
330:
toward all (especially to strangers or guests). It is considered to be the personal responsibility of every
Pashtun to discover and rediscover Pashtunwali's essence and meaning.
259:
Pashtunwali rules are accepted in
Afghanistan and Pakistan, and also in some Pashtun communities around the world. Some non-Pashtun Afghans and others have also adopted its
208:, by which they live. Many scholars widely have interpreted it as being "the way of the Pashtuns" or "the code of life". Pashtunwali is widely practised by Pashtuns in the
1526:
397:(traditionally a tribal assembly involving all adult males). In times of foreign invasion, Pashtuns have been known to unite under Pashtun religious leaders such as
1617:
1973:
2372:
1567:
Naz, Arab; Khan, Waseem; Daraz, Umar; Hussain, Mohammad; Chaudhry, Hafeez-ur-Rehamn (12 June 2012). "International
Journal of Sociology and Anthropology".
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1243:"Human Geography in the Afghanistan - Pakistan Region: Undermining the Taliban Using Traditional Pashtun Social Structures"
2025:
883:
Doing Pashto: Pashtunwali also known as
Afghaniyat as the Ideal of Honourable Behaviour and Tribal Life Among the Pashtuns
1614:
2357:
1427:
554:) – To seek justice or take revenge against a wrongdoer. No time limit restricts the revenge period. Even a mere taunt (
2193:
1331:
The three primary pillars of
Pashtunwali are badal, or revenge, melamstia, or hospitality, and nanawatia, or refuge.
2326:
1087:
2347:
1865:
1735:
2382:
2352:
2306:
2121:
1267:
93:
1403:
The Lion of Sabray: The Afghan
Warrior Who Defied the Taliban and Saved the Life of Navy SEAL Marcus Luttrell
2266:
2236:
2216:
2010:
749:). A Pashtun must defend the honor of women at all costs and must protect them from all harm and disrespect.
23:
1177:
421:
2286:
2256:
2198:
2005:
962:
157:
55:
2316:
2088:
1905:
1656:
1580:
1156:. Kulturelle Identitat und politische Selbstbestimmung in der Weltgesellschaft. LIT Verlag. p. 33.
291:, and communal identity tied to a set of moral codes and rules of behaviour, as well as to a record of
1286:
Malalai Joan of Arc of Afghanistan and the Victors of Maiwand: The Second Anglo-afghan War 1878-1882
1154:
Afghan Immigrants in the USA and Germany: A Comparative Analysis of the Use of Ethnic Social Capital
477:
Although not exclusive, the following thirteen principles form the major components of Pashtunwali.
2163:
1890:
1880:
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856:
390:
1541:
2241:
2231:
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1845:
1805:
1790:
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1033:
1003:
Beyond Strategies: Cultural Dynamics in Asian Connections: Cultural Dynamics in Asian Connections
599:). A Pashtun must defend his land, property, and family from intruders, killing them if provoked.
446:
406:
253:
231:
1631:
1313:
Tribes, Pashtunwali and How They Impact Reconciliation and Reintegration Efforts in Afghanistan
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1709:
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393:" (a wealthy and influential leader from the group). Disputes within clans are settled by a
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40:
1000:
Singh, Ms Priya; Chatterjee, Ms Suchandana; Sengupta, Ms Anita (15 January 2014).
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881:
2178:
2083:
2043:
1910:
1895:
1627:
Harvard Law School - Tribal Law of Pashtunwali and Women’s Legislative Authority
466:
319:
311:
245:
201:
1478:"Poetics of Identity: On Entrepreneurial Selves of Afghan Migrants in Pakistan"
1455:"Poetics of Identity: On Entrepreneurial Selves of Afghan Migrants in Pakistan"
2053:
2038:
2000:
1810:
1694:
821:
462:
327:
113:
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Pashtuns are organised into tribal or extended family groups often led by a "
1930:
1855:
1745:
505:
485:
284:
196:, is the traditional lifestyle or a code of honour and tribal code of the
1672:
1641:
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567:
260:
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31:
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1963:
786:
685:
241:
237:, often described as fiercely independent people, have inhabited the
70:
807:). A Pashtun is obliged to protect the land of the Pashtuns and the
2015:
727:, “The loss of life and wealth should not matter, what matters is
676:
654:
470:
458:
420:
394:
1615:
Special report on Pashtunwali by U.S. Army Major, John H. Cathell
1266:
Swat), Sir Abdul Wadud (Wali of; K̲h̲ān̲, Muḥammad Āṣif (1963).
1206:
The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt
617:). A Pashtun must be loyal to family, friends and tribe members.
315:
1645:
1378:
Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan
1347:
Hunting Bin Laden: How Al-Qaeda Is Winning the War on Terror
1428:"The Afghan Village That Saved Navy SEAL Marcus Luttrell"
1283:
M.d, Bashir Zikria; Facs, B. a Zikria MD (2017-02-17).
1637:
Pashto Language & Identity Formation in Pakistan
1499:
Yousafzai, McCormick, Malala, Patrick (2014-08-19).
1119:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936
802:
780:
762:
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612:
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2024:
1939:
1718:
1680:
1344:
913:
1482:Tamara: Journal for Critical Organization Inquiry
1459:Tamara: Journal for Critical Organization Inquiry
635:). Pashtuns should act for the welfare of others.
405:and even under Pashtána female leaders such as
332:
270:
1228:Leonard Schonberg, Morgen's War (2005) p. 218.
1657:
767:). A Pashtun must defend the weak around him.
158:
16:Traditional way of life of the Pashtun people
8:
1525:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
796:
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606:
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653:). Disputes are to be resolved through the
350:, vengeance. Pashtuns live by these things.
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1664:
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165:
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18:
1632:The Economist - The Pushtuns' tribal code
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
785:). A Pashtun must demonstrate courage. A
683:generally equates to Islamic monotheism (
457:governor, listen to speakers talk about
212:. Pashtunwali dates back to ancient pre-
920:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p.
872:
295:spanning some seventeen hundred years.
83:
30:
1589:
1578:
1518:
1405:. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
1208:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 49.
985:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
978:
1448:
1446:
1444:
7:
1488:(1–2): 45 – via Research Gate.
1476:Junaid, Muhammad (March–June 2011).
1465:(1–2): 44 – via Research Gate.
1453:Junaid, Muhammad (March–June 2011).
1255:from the original on August 8, 2019.
1088:"The History of Herodotus Chapter 7"
1380:. Aldershot: Ashgate. p. 221.
1122:. Vol. 2. BRILL. p. 150.
1094:. The History Files. Archived from
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789:is considered a symbol of chivalry.
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757:
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491:
375:, Chapter 11: "The Mahmund Valley")
185:
2373:Right-wing politics in Afghanistan
1116:Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987).
355:Abdur, A character in Morgen's War
14:
1060:. Sarup & Sons. p. 273.
1027:Shane, Scott (December 5, 2009).
256:still follow the "code of life".
1540:Yousafzai, Malala (2014-11-13).
679:. The notion of trusting in the
574:, for example to expiate murder.
566:) may count as a mortal insult.
1310:Amato, Jonathan N. (May 2012).
886:. Afghanistan Analysts Network.
56:Discrimination against Pashtuns
2322:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1426:Yousafzai, Sami; Moreau, Ron.
1351:. New York: Skyhorse. p.
837:Islamic military jurisprudence
480:The three primary principles:
1:
283:Pashtuns embrace an ancient
2194:Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1610:Pashtunwali by Wahid Momand
1289:. Xlibris Corporation LLC.
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2327:War in North-West Pakistan
2287:Afghan War of Independence
1401:Patrick, Robinson (2015).
579:The other main principles:
469:during the first regional
465:and the rehabilitation of
223:
1866:Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai
1736:Malak Ahmad Khan Yusufzai
1029:"The War in Pashtunistan"
570:can be an alternative to
525:, the sole survivor of a
210:Pashtun-dominated regions
2378:Pashto words and phrases
2122:Pashtun Tahafuz Movement
1376:Hussain, Rizwan (2005).
1343:Schultheis, Rob (2008).
1241:H. Cathell, Major John.
1204:Yassari, Nadjma (2005).
1178:"Afghan and Afghanistan"
2368:Customary legal systems
2267:Second Anglo-Afghan War
2237:Third Battle of Panipat
2217:First Battle of Panipat
2127:People's Peace Movement
2011:Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
1186:. alamahabibi.com. 1969
912:Banting, Erinn (2003).
2363:Culture of Afghanistan
2199:Anti-Pashtun sentiment
2006:Adam Khan and Durkhani
1588:Cite journal requires
916:Afghanistan the People
474:
358:
281:
1057:Dictionary of Vedanta
880:Rzehak, Lutz (2011).
568:Monetary compensation
424:
346:, giving asylum, and
342:, being a good host,
334:It is the way of the
298:Pashtunwali promotes
278:Maliha Zulfacar, 1999
224:Further information:
85:Empires and dynasties
1974:northern Afghanistan
1786:Najib Khan Yousafzai
1054:Nath, Samir (2002).
425:From left to right:
385:Pashtun institutions
2358:Culture of Pakistan
2297:Waziristan campaign
2164:Pashtun nationalism
1891:Mohammad Najibullah
857:Pashtun nationalism
809:traditional customs
771:Manhood or chivalry
254:Indigenous Pashtuns
2242:Battle of Nowshera
2232:Battle of Gulnabad
2135:Religious-military
2069:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1806:Malalai of Maiwand
1791:Dost Mohammad Khan
1781:Ahmad Shah Durrani
1761:Aimal Khan Mohmand
1756:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
1620:2011-04-03 at the
1034:The New York Times
475:
407:Malalai of Maiwand
2335:
2334:
2317:Soviet–Afghan War
2302:Second Waziristan
2282:Siege of Malakand
2272:Battle of Maiwand
2174:Afghan (ethnonym)
2150:
2149:
2117:Khudai Khidmatgar
1886:Abdul Ahad Momand
1816:Abdur Rahman Khan
1801:Victor of Maiwand
1766:Darya Khan Afridi
1412:978-1-5011-1798-5
1362:978-1-60239-244-1
1326:978-1-248-98954-8
1296:978-1-5245-7785-8
1269:The Story of Swat
411:Battle of Maiwand
403:Siege of Malakand
376:
368:Winston Churchill
248:and northwestern
188:), also known as
175:
174:
2390:
2348:Codes of conduct
2307:Mohmand campaign
2292:Afghan Civil War
2257:First Afghan War
2247:Battle of Jamrud
2222:Battle of Chausa
2184:Bannu Resolution
2111:Citizens' groups
2108:
2059:Abdul Hamid Baba
1981:Pashtun clothing
1926:Manzoor Pashteen
1921:Malala Yousafzai
1796:Wazir Akbar Khan
1710:Barakzai dynasty
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66:List of Pashtuns
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1675:-related topics
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21:
20:
2189:Kalabagh Dam
2169:Pashtunistan
1986:Pashto media
1958:
1906:Ashraf Ghani
1901:Hamid Karzai
1861:Faqir of Ipi
1851:Sartor Faqir
1826:Soraya Tarzi
1821:Mahmud Tarzi
1776:Mahmud Hotak
1741:Ibrahim Lodi
1695:Suri dynasty
1690:Lodi dynasty
1581:cite journal
1562:
1542:
1535:
1501:
1494:
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1431:. Retrieved
1421:
1402:
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1305:
1285:
1278:
1272:. Ferozsons.
1268:
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1205:
1199:
1188:. Retrieved
1181:
1172:
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1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1118:
1111:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:the original
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1056:
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1038:. Retrieved
1032:
1022:
1002:
995:
970:. Retrieved
963:the original
950:
942:
935:. Retrieved
915:
882:
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862:Pashtunistan
792:
770:
752:
734:
728:
708:
692:
684:
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578:
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571:
533:
527:US Navy SEAL
504:
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388:
372:
347:
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333:
304:independence
300:self-respect
297:
282:
271:
258:
239:Pashtunistan
229:
193:
189:
177:
176:
99:Khalji Delhi
2262:Ambela Pass
2208:Battles and
2179:Durand Line
2084:Kabir Stori
2044:Rahman Baba
1959:Pashtunwali
1911:Arfa Siddiq
1731:Bahlul Lodi
1719:Key figures
1543:I am Malala
1502:I am Malala
675:) Trust in
639:Arbitration
545:نياو او بدل
486:Hospitality
467:Afghanistan
320:forgiveness
312:hospitality
285:traditional
273:defeated...
246:Afghanistan
202:Afghanistan
190:Pakhtunwali
178:Pashtunwali
2342:Categories
2155:Topics and
2089:Ghani Khan
2074:Hamza Baba
2054:Nazo Tokhi
2039:Pir Roshan
2001:Loya jirga
1881:Daoud Khan
1876:Zahir Shah
1846:Bacha Khan
1836:Nadir Shah
1811:Saidu Baba
1190:2010-10-24
1135:2010-09-24
1102:2007-01-10
1073:2010-09-10
1040:2010-10-29
972:2020-09-17
937:29 October
868:References
822:Blood feud
498:melmastyā́
463:prosperity
441:governor,
433:governor,
338:. We have
194:Afghaniyat
109:Lodi Delhi
2252:Herat War
2210:conflicts
1931:Ali Wazir
1871:Wali Khan
1856:Umra Khan
1746:Gaju Khan
1682:Dynasties
1521:cite book
518:nənawā́te
447:Nangarhar
344:nanawatai
340:melmestia
328:tolerance
289:spiritual
244:(eastern
186:پښتونوالی
1618:Archived
1250:Archived
1152:(1998).
981:cite web
832:Chivalry
816:See also
632:x̌egә́ṛa
621:Kindness
492:مېلمستيا
473:in 2009.
431:Nuristan
353:—
336:Pashtuns
276:—
261:ideology
250:Pakistan
220:Overview
206:Pakistan
139:Barakzai
124:Taymanis
71:Language
51:Diaspora
32:Pashtuns
24:a series
22:Part of
2142:Taliban
1941:Culture
1673:Pashtun
1573:2083022
1433:19 June
827:Bushido
793:Country
782:meṛā́na
693:Respect
681:Creator
603:Loyalty
585:Bravery
539:revenge
535:Justice
530:forces.
455:Laghman
409:in the
401:in the
324:revenge
308:justice
293:history
216:times.
214:Islamic
200:, from
134:Durrani
119:Karrani
46:Culture
2098:Groups
1964:Pashto
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776:مېړانه
753:Honour
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686:tawhid
563:peghor
512:ننواتې
506:Asylum
242:region
232:native
182:Pashto
76:Tribes
2026:Poets
2016:Jirga
1317:(PDF)
1253:(PDF)
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966:(PDF)
959:(PDF)
847:Kanun
798:هېواد
746:nāmús
740:ناموس
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677:Allah
661:Faith
655:Jirga
650:jergá
626:ښېګړه
614:wapā́
572:badal
557:پېغور
471:Jirga
459:peace
439:Kunar
395:jirga
391:Malik
348:badal
129:Hotak
104:Malwa
1594:help
1569:SSRN
1548:ISBN
1527:link
1507:ISBN
1435:2024
1407:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1357:ISBN
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1008:ISBN
987:link
939:2010
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764:nang
720:wyāṛ
714:وياړ
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666:ګروه
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590:توره
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326:and
316:love
230:The
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192:and
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