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Existing medical problems may be treated in an effort to reduce the strain and negative impact on the vocal cords. This could include treatment for gastrointestinal reflux disease, allergies, and thyroid problems. Intervention to stop smoking and reduce stress may also be needed. Most people receive behavioral intervention, or vocal therapy, from an SLP. This might involve teaching good vocal hygiene, and reducing or stopping vocal abuse behaviors. Direct voice treatments may be used to alter pitch, loudness, or breathe support to promote good voicing.
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a speech-language pathologist (SLP), a neurological examination (in certain cases) The qualities of the voice that will be evaluated include quality, pitch, loudness, and ability to sustain voicing. In some cases, an instrumental examination may be performed with an endoscope into the mouth or nose; this gives a clear look at the vocal folds and larynx in general. In addition to this, a stroboscope (flashing light) may be used to observe the movement of the vocal folds during speech.
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976:(with a stalk) are usually less dangerous than sessile polyps (flat polyps). Sessile polyps have a shorter pathway for migration of invasive cells from the tumor into submucosal and more distant structures, and they are also more difficult to remove and ascertain. Sessile polyps larger than 2 cm usually contain villous features, have a higher malignant potential, and tend to recur following colonoscopic polypectomy.
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are larger than nodules, which are more similar to callouses on the vocal folds. Polyps and nodules can exhibit similar symptoms including hoarseness or breathiness, "rough" or "scratchy" voice, harshness in vocal quality, shooting pain from ear to ear, sensation of having "a lump in the back of the throat", neck pain, decreased pitch range in the voice, and vocal and bodily fatigue.
152:
758:, are removed by a colonoscopy. Although colon cancer is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2.5 cm, all polyps found are removed since their removal reduces the likelihood of future colon cancer. When adenomatous polyps are removed, a repeat colonoscopy is usually performed three to five years later.
1146:
Polyps may be treated with medical, surgical, or behavioral intervention. Surgical intervention involves removing the polyp from the vocal fold. This approach is only used when the growth(s) are very large or have existed for an extended amount of time. In children, surgical intervention is rare.
1142:
If an individual experiences symptoms for more than 2 to 3 weeks, they should see a physician. For a diagnosis, a thorough evaluation of the voice should include a physical examination, preferably by an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat doctor) who specializes in voice, a voice evaluation with
1028:
It has been statistically demonstrated that screening programs are effective in reducing the number of deaths caused by colon cancer due to adenomatous polyps. The risk of complications associated with colonoscopies is approximately 0.35 percent, compared to a lifetime risk of developing colon cancer
1003:
Screening for colonic polyps as well as preventing them has become an important part of the management of the condition. Medical societies have established guidelines for colorectal screening in order to prevent adenomatous polyps and to minimize the chances of developing colon cancer. It is believed
1138:
Polyps on the vocal folds can take on many different forms, and can sometimes result from vocal abuse, although this is not always the cause. They can occur on one or both vocal folds, and appear as swelling, a bump (similar to a nodule), a stalk-like growth, or a blister-like lesion. Most polyps
1024:
Once an adenomatous polyp is identified during colonoscopy, there are several methods of removal, including using a snare or a heating device. Colonoscopies are preferred over sigmoidoscopies because they allow the examination of the entire colon and can detect polyps in the upper colon, where more
1015:
guidelines, people over 50 should have an annual occult blood test. People in their 50s are recommended to have flexible sigmoidoscopies performed once every 3 to 5 years to detect any abnormal growth which could be an adenomatous polyp. If adenomatous polyps are detected during this procedure, a
927:
Adenomas constitute approximately 10% of digestive polyps. Most polyps (approximately 90%) are small, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, and have a small potential for malignancy. The remaining 10% of adenomas are larger than 1 cm and approach a 10% chance of containing invasive cancer.
1020:
is recommended. Medical societies recommend colonoscopies every ten years starting at age 50 as a necessary screening practice for colon cancer. The screening provides an accurate image of the intestine and also allows the removal of the polyp, if found.
1211:
GarcĂa-Alonso, Francisco Javier; MartĂn-Mateos, Rosa MarĂa; GonzĂĄlez-MartĂn, Juan Ăngel; Foruny, JosĂ© RamĂłn; VĂĄzquez-Sequeiros, Enrique; Boixeda de Miquel, Daniel (2011). "Gastric polyps: analysis of endoscopic and histological features in our center".
2027:
994:
of colonic polyps. As of 2019 there is no way to establish the risks of colon polyps of patients with a family history of them. Overall, nearly 6% of the population, regardless of family history, is at risk of developing colon cancer.
983:, tubular adenomatous polyps may become cancerous when they grow larger. Larger tubular adenomatous polyps have an increased risk of malignancy when larger because then they develop more villous components and may become
1004:
that some changes in the diet might be helpful in preventing polyps from occurring, but there is no other way to prevent the polyps from developing into cancerous growths than detecting and removing them.
2939:
1998:
1726:
Winawer, S.; Fletcher, R.; Rex, D.; Bond, J.; Burt, R.; Ferrucci, J.; Ganiats, T.; Levin, T.; Woolf, S.; Johnson, D.; Kirk, L.; Litin, S.; Simmang, C.; Gastrointestinal
Consortium, P. (2003).
935:
Tubular adenomas (tube-like shape) are the most common of the adenomatous polyps; they may occur everywhere in the colon and they are the least likely colon polyps to develop into colon cancer
306:
947:, velvety, or cauliflower-like in appearance and they are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates of all polyps. They can cause hypersecretory syndromes characterized by
1198:
746:
The polyps are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy, either with a wire loop known as a polypectomy snare (first description by P. Deyhle, Germany, 1970), or with biopsy
2117:
1063:). Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. If pedunculated, they can protrude through the
321:
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It is estimated that an individual whose parents have been diagnosed with an adenomatous polyp has a 50% greater chance to develop colon cancer than individuals with no
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1372:
1338:
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Variable; classical mildly fibrotic polyp with disorganized mucosa and splaying of muscularis mucosae; also inflammatory, juvenile, lipoma, ganglioneuroma, lymphoid
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polyp is found, it must be removed, since such a polyp is pre-cancerous and has a propensity to become cancerous. For certainty, all polyps which are found by any
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Villous adenomas are commonly found in the rectal area and they are normally larger in size than the other two types of adenomas. They tend to be non-
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About 5% of people aged 60 will have at least one adenomatous polyp of 1 cm diameter or greater. Multiple adenomatous polyps often result from
2110:
1051:) that takes up space within the uterine cavity. Commonly occurring, they are experienced by up to 10% of women. They may have a large flat base (
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The risks of progression to colorectal cancer increase if the polyp is larger than 1 cm and contains a higher percentage of
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1257:"Metastatic Carcinoma Occurring in a Gastric Hyperplastic Polyp Mimicking Primary Gastric Cancer: The First Reported Case"
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of around 6 percent. As there is a small likelihood of recurrence, surveillance after polyp removal is recommended.
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1728:"Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: Clinical guidelines and rationale â Update based on new evidence"
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component. Also, the shape of the polyps is related to the risk of progression into carcinoma. Polyps that are
451:
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2191:
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Similar to hyperplastic with hyperserration, dilated/branched crypt base, prominent mucin cells at crypt base
159:
Polyp of sigmoid colon as revealed by colonoscopy. Approximately 1 cm in diameter. The polyp was removed by
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2001:. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark's Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
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715:, they are usually discovered at the time of colon cancer screening. Common screening methods are
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Spindle cells, featuring concentric arrangements around blood vessels, and inflammation rich in
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888:, or adenomas, are polyps that grow on the lining of the colon and which carry a high risk of
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Cystically dilated glands lined by chief cells, parietal cells and mucinous foveolar cells.
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239:. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the
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While colon polyps are not commonly associated with symptoms, occasionally they may cause
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1993:
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Taherian, Mehran; Lotfollahzadeh, Saran; Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz; Arora, Komal (2023),
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Serrated crypts, often villous architecture, with cytologic atypia, eosinophilic cells
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Literature review current through: Sep 2020. | This topic last updated: Feb 14, 2019.
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Elongated, tortuous, and cystic foveolae separated by edematous and inflamed stroma.
163:
1906:
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Deyhle P (1980). "Results of endoscopic polypectomy in the gastrointestinal tract".
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Smooth muscle bundles between nonneoplastic epithelium, "Christmas tree" appearance
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1994:
Thorough review of polyposis syndromes by Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan with CME available
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Groisman, Gabriel M.; Depsames, Roman; Ovadia, Baruch; Meir, Alona (2014).
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1071:. Small blood vessels may be present in polyps, particularly large ones.
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17:
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The name is of ancient origin, in use in
English from about 1400 for a
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2019:
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Commons:Template:Pie chart of colorectal polyp etiologies - Source
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Colon polyps as they grow can sometimes cause bleeding within the
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1527:
1343:
Topic
Completed: 1 November 2017. Minor changes: 11 December 2019
509:
Tubular glands with elongated nuclei (at least low-grade atypia)
288:
is attested from 1742, although the word was earlier used for an
3463:
1353:
Varocha
Mahachai, MDDavid Y Graham, MDRobert D Odze, MD, FRCPC.
688:
3399:
2099:
1123:. They are overgrowths of the mucosa that frequently accompany
1879:
Sternberg, Stephen S.; Stacey E. Mills; Darryl Carter (2004).
1011:, which can be detected by an occult blood test. According to
224:
36:
1999:"How I Do It" â Removing large or sessile colonic polyps
919:, a condition that carries a very high risk of colon cancer.
904:
and inflammatory polyps, which are unlikely to develop into
900:. The other types of polyps that can occur in the colon are
656:
598:
570:
542:
515:
465:
435:
404:
375:
1115:
Nasal polyps are polypoidal masses arising mainly from the
27:
Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane
959:
or invasive carcinoma more frequently than other adenomas.
196:. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated
1101:
bleeding or increased pain but often show no symptoms.
592:
Cystically dilated glands with expanded lamina propria
284:
through Greek. The animal of similar appearance called
204:; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be
1467:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2009:
1043:
An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a polyp or
312:
Incidences and malignancy risks of various types of
263:, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually
3751:
3704:
3662:
3637:
3601:
3523:
3482:
3449:
3442:
3354:
3240:
3233:
3174:
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2835:
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2744:
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2394:
2269:
2143:
2134:
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2013:
1931:Boon, Mathilde E.; Albert J. H. Suurmeijer (1996).
1885:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 2460.
1319:Naziheh Assarzadegan, M.D., Raul S. Gonzalez, M.D.
170:
144:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1164:
761:Most colon polyps can be categorized as sporadic.
699:. They are a concern because of the potential for
979:Although polyps do not carry significant risk of
1682:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1055:) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated
703:being present microscopically, and the risk of
1387:Fletcher's Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors
3411:
2111:
255:) and others are non-neoplastic, for example
8:
2217:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
1964:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 77â.
1768:"Adenomatous Polyps Symptoms and Prevention"
1371:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1337:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1308:Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) license
931:There are three types of adenomatous polyp:
1989:National Institutes of Health polyp website
1655:"Management of Colonic Polyps and Adenomas"
1214:Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas
279:
30:For polyps on the skin (acrochordons), see
3446:
3418:
3404:
3396:
3237:
2888:
2404:
2256:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
2140:
2118:
2104:
2096:
2010:
1457:
1455:
731:(usually with the older rigid endoscope),
487:Raised mucosa/submucosa with inflammation
150:
141:
1882:Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology
1743:
1399:Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology
1290:
1272:
1130:. They are freely movable and nontender.
503:Tubular Adenoma (Villous, Tubulovillous)
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1481:American Gastroenterological Association
1463:American Gastroenterological Association
331:
1907:"Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual abnormalities"
1853:
1851:
1197:References for diagram are located at:
1156:
498:, ulcers, infections, mucosal prolapse
302:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1474:Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the
1364:
1330:
892:. The adenomatous polyp is considered
618:Hamartomatous Polyp (Cowden Syndrome)
595:Not inherently, may develop dysplasia
2484:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
1911:Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
1321:"Stomach Polyps â Fundic gland polyp"
327:Relative incidences of gastric polyps
7:
1937:. Taylor & Francis. p. 87.
1539:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
1436:"Colon polyps â Symptoms and causes"
1185:participating institution membership
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1961:Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound
1827:Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound
1615:"Polyps in the colon (large bowel)"
271:, or concurrent with a malignancy.
391:Hyperplastic polyp of the stomach
25:
3369:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
3216:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
1595:from the original on July 5, 2014
832:Non-inherited polyposis syndromes
815:BannayanâRileyâRuvalcaba syndrome
780:â a type of hamartomatous polyp.
711:over time. Since most polyps are
432:Very low or none, when sporadic.
300:Relative incidences by location:
211:Polyps are commonly found in the
3114:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
1535:"Familial Adenomatous Polyposis"
320:
305:
41:
2355:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
2350:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
2227:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
1585:"Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQÂź)"
1226:10.4321/S1130-01082011000800005
896:, i.e., likely to develop into
413:Gastric hyperplastic polyposis
52:needs additional citations for
3109:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
2959:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
2781:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
917:familial adenomatous polyposis
881:Familial adenomatous polyposis
790:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1:
3733:Clonally transmissible cancer
3166:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
2005:FAP Patient Information Sheet
1958:Jane Bates (8 January 1997).
1085:A cervical polyp is a common
1047:in the lining of the uterus (
765:Inherited polyposis syndromes
733:lower gastrointestinal series
363:(unless otherwise specified)
3075:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
2594:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
2202:Esophageal motility disorder
1861:. MayoClinic.com. 2006-04-27
529:Traditional serrated adenoma
372:if polyps are more than 100
1097:. They can cause irregular
1025:than half of polyps occur.
826:Serrated polyposis syndrome
805:Juvenile polyposis syndrome
778:PeutzâJeghers colonic polyp
608:Juvenile polyposis syndrome
552:Serrated polyposis syndrome
475:Serrated polyposis syndrome
385:Serrated polyposis syndrome
3826:
3805:Digestive system neoplasia
3764:Index of oncology articles
3060:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
2584:Functional colonic disease
2380:ZollingerâEllison syndrome
1832:Cambridge University Press
1108:
1078:
1036:
955:discharge, and can harbor
878:
869:Inflammatory fibroid polyp
817:(BannayanâZonana syndrome)
737:digital rectal examination
676:
640:Inflammatory fibroid polyp
496:Inflammatory bowel disease
251:. Some polyps are tumors (
29:
2261:Acute esophageal necrosis
1261:Case Reports in Pathology
1172:Oxford English Dictionary
838:CronkhiteâCanada syndrome
612:CronkhiteâCanada syndrome
589:Upper GI tract and colon
188:is an abnormal growth of
158:
149:
2360:Gastric dumping syndrome
2235:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2222:Diffuse esophageal spasm
687:, and on rare occasions
452:Sessile serrated adenoma
3686:Prostate cancer staging
3650:Paraneoplastic syndrome
2976:Alcoholic liver disease
2509:Bile acid malabsorption
2453:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
1745:10.1053/gast.2003.50044
1177:Oxford University Press
1013:American Cancer Society
913:familial polyposis coli
723:with a modern flexible
267:, although some can be
3724:Tumor suppressor genes
3691:Gleason grading system
3645:Precancerous condition
2986:Hepatic encephalopathy
2370:Buried bumper syndrome
2301:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
2185:MalloryâWeiss syndrome
2128:human digestive system
1707:"Colon Polyps (cont.)"
1093:on the surface of the
795:PeutzâJeghers syndrome
785:
707:colon polyps becoming
661:
610:, identical polyps in
603:
580:PeutzâJeghers syndrome
575:
547:
520:
490:If dysplasia develops
470:
445:Fundic gland polyposis
440:
409:
380:
341:Histologic appearance
280:
3743:Carcinogenic bacteria
3483:Malignant progression
3211:Pancreatic pseudocyst
3080:Porcelain gallbladder
2192:Zenker's diverticulum
844:Types of colon polyps
772:
660:
602:
574:
546:
519:
469:
439:
408:
379:
76:"Polyp" medicine
3696:Dukes classification
3015:Hepatorenal syndrome
2954:BuddâChiari syndrome
2911:Autoimmune hepatitis
2736:Intestinal adhesions
2494:Short bowel syndrome
2323:Functional dyspepsia
2241:Esophageal stricture
2207:Nutcracker esophagus
1824:Bates, Jane (2007).
1560:"Adenomatous Polyps"
644:All digestive tract
561:All digestive tract
558:Peutz-Jeghers Polyp
366:Serrated unbranched
61:improve this article
3515:Sentinel lymph node
3154:Choledocholithiasis
3025:Metabolic disorders
2991:Acute liver failure
2964:Portal hypertension
2916:Alcoholic hepatitis
2759:Radiation proctitis
2678:Mesenteric ischemia
2650:Gastroenterocolitis
2479:Blind loop syndrome
2289:Ménétrier's disease
2197:Barrett's esophagus
1793:"Colonoscopy Risks"
1274:10.1155/2014/781318
1175:(Online ed.).
756:diagnostic modality
741:virtual colonoscopy
344:Risk of malignancy
200:, it is said to be
3563:Respiratory system
3329:Undefined location
3320:GrynfelttâLesshaft
3221:Pancreatic fistula
3204:Pancreatic abscess
3159:Biliary dyskinesia
3130:Mirizzi's syndrome
2631:Large and/or small
2311:Dieulafoy's lesion
2180:Boerhaave syndrome
2059:External resources
886:Adenomatous polyps
875:Adenomatous polyps
821:Gardner's syndrome
786:
662:
621:Mainly colorectal
604:
576:
548:
521:
471:
441:
419:Fundic gland polyp
410:
381:
356:Hyperplastic polyp
192:projecting from a
3792:
3791:
3779:Cancer and nausea
3658:
3657:
3495:Carcinoma in situ
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3229:
3228:
2831:
2830:
2688:Bowel obstruction
2390:
2389:
2093:
2092:
1971:978-1-900151-51-1
1841:978-1-900151-51-1
1676:"Tubular Adenoma"
1490:on August 9, 2012
1325:PathologyOutlines
1183:(Subscription or
1121:paranasal sinuses
1039:Endometrial polyp
1033:Endometrial polyp
957:carcinoma in situ
906:colorectal cancer
717:occult blood test
668:
667:
338:Typical location
314:colorectal polyps
182:
181:
139:Medical condition
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
3817:
3593:Endocrine system
3558:Digestive system
3447:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3397:
3381:Pneumoperitoneum
3238:
3148:Common bile duct
3030:Wilson's disease
3020:Peliosis hepatis
2889:
2766:Proctalgia fugax
2673:Abdominal angina
2598:Ogilvie syndrome
2547:Pseudomembranous
2405:
2365:Gastric volvulus
2330:Pyloric stenosis
2141:
2126:Diseases of the
2120:
2113:
2106:
2097:
2011:
1976:
1975:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:"Uterine polyps"
1855:
1846:
1845:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1795:. Archived from
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1732:Gastroenterology
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:"Colonic Polyps"
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1591:. May 12, 2014.
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1562:. Archived from
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1512:(Suppl): 35â46.
1505:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1483:, archived from
1471:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1412:"Colonic Polyps"
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1362:
1355:"Gastric polyps"
1350:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1328:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1294:
1276:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1208:
1202:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1168:
1161:
1134:Laryngeal polyps
1119:of the nose and
1117:mucous membranes
735:(barium enema),
679:Colorectal polyp
673:Colorectal polyp
332:
324:
309:
296:Digestive polyps
283:
154:
142:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3747:
3700:
3654:
3633:
3597:
3519:
3478:
3438:
3424:
3394:
3385:
3350:
3339:Internal hernia
3225:
3170:
3135:Biliary fistula
3093:
3084:
3070:Adenomyomatosis
3065:Cholesterolosis
3041:
3035:Hemochromatosis
2906:Viral hepatitis
2878:
2827:
2785:
2771:Rectal prolapse
2740:
2707:Fecal impaction
2697:Intussusception
2660:Crohn's disease
2626:
2609:Toxic megacolon
2521:
2519:Large intestine
2513:
2458:Curling's ulcer
2411:
2409:Small intestine
2398:
2386:
2294:Gastroenteritis
2265:
2130:
2124:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2054:
2053:
2022:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1476:ABIM Foundation
1469:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1442:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1416:medlineplus.gov
1410:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1305:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1136:
1113:
1107:
1083:
1077:
1041:
1035:
1001:
966:
925:
883:
877:
846:
834:
800:Turcot syndrome
767:
743:or Cologuard.
685:rectal bleeding
681:
675:
633:Cowden syndrome
586:Juvenile Polyp
328:
325:
316:
310:
298:
249:small intestine
233:urinary bladder
194:mucous membrane
140:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3823:
3821:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3706:Carcinogenesis
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3588:Nervous system
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3551:nasopharyngeal
3548:
3543:
3538:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3376:Hemoperitoneum
3373:
3372:
3371:
3360:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3246:
3244:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3100:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2847:
2845:Blood in stool
2841:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2818:Anal dysplasia
2815:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2750:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2685:
2683:Angiodysplasia
2680:
2675:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2618:Diverticulosis
2614:Diverticulitis
2611:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2504:Milroy disease
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Tropical sprue
2471:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2427:
2425:
2402:
2396:Lower GI tract
2392:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2149:
2147:
2138:
2136:Upper GI tract
2132:
2131:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2075:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:Classification
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1984:
1983:External links
1981:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1950:
1943:
1923:
1898:
1891:
1871:
1847:
1840:
1834:. p. 65.
1809:
1784:
1759:
1738:(2): 544â560.
1718:
1698:
1666:
1646:
1626:
1606:
1576:
1551:
1523:
1500:
1451:
1427:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1345:
1311:
1247:
1220:(8): 416â420.
1203:
1190:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1135:
1132:
1109:Main article:
1106:
1103:
1095:cervical canal
1081:Cervical polyp
1079:Main article:
1076:
1075:Cervical polyp
1073:
1037:Main article:
1034:
1031:
1000:
997:
992:family history
965:
962:
961:
960:
941:
936:
924:
921:
879:Main article:
876:
873:
872:
871:
862:
857:
852:
845:
842:
841:
840:
833:
830:
829:
828:
823:
818:
812:
810:Cowden disease
807:
802:
797:
792:
766:
763:
677:Main article:
674:
671:
666:
665:
663:
654:
651:
645:
642:
636:
635:
630:
628:
625:
622:
619:
615:
614:
605:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
582:
577:
568:
565:
562:
559:
555:
554:
549:
540:
537:
534:
531:
525:
524:
522:
513:
510:
507:
504:
500:
499:
493:
491:
488:
485:
482:
478:
477:
472:
463:
460:
457:
454:
448:
447:
442:
433:
430:
427:
421:
415:
414:
411:
402:
400:
397:
392:
388:
387:
382:
373:
370:
364:
358:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
330:
329:
326:
319:
317:
311:
304:
297:
294:
180:
179:
174:
168:
167:
156:
155:
147:
146:
138:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3541:oropharyngeal
3539:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3531:Head and neck
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3510:Primary tumor
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3451:Benign tumors
3448:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3250:Diaphragmatic
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Cholecystitis
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2998:Liver abscess
2996:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2981:Liver failure
2979:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
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2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2638:Enterocolitis
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2615:
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2610:
2606:
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2599:
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2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
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2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:Malabsorption
2463:
2459:
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2444:
2442:
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2434:
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2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
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2353:
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2346:
2343:
2341:
2340:Gastroparesis
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Cushing ulcer
2304:
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2280:
2277:
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2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2251:Megaesophagus
2249:
2247:
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2239:
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2233:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
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2159:
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2139:
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2133:
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2101:
2098:
2085:
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2076:
2074:
2070:
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2065:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:& various
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1944:3-7186-5857-7
1940:
1936:
1935:
1934:The Pap Smear
1927:
1924:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1892:0-7817-4051-7
1888:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1872:
1860:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1799:on 2012-11-18
1798:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1774:on 2012-04-05
1773:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
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1722:
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1636:
1630:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1566:on 2010-02-06
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1515:
1511:
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1104:
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1062:
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1026:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
998:
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993:
988:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
963:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
940:
939:Tubulovillous
937:
934:
933:
932:
929:
922:
920:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:pre-malignant
891:
887:
882:
874:
870:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Hamartomatous
853:
851:
848:
847:
843:
839:
836:
835:
831:
827:
824:
822:
819:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
783:
782:H&E stain
779:
775:
771:
764:
762:
759:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:sigmoidoscopy
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
680:
672:
670:
664:
659:
655:
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650:
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638:
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631:
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623:
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578:
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569:
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563:
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541:
538:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
523:
518:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
492:
489:
486:
484:Non-specific
483:
481:Inflammatory
480:
479:
476:
473:
468:
464:
461:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
446:
443:
438:
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398:
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349:
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337:
334:
333:
323:
318:
315:
308:
303:
301:
295:
293:
291:
287:
282:
278:, from Latin
277:
272:
270:
269:pre-malignant
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
178:
175:
173:
169:
165:
162:
157:
153:
148:
143:
131:
128:
120:
117:December 2020
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3426:Overview of
3328:
3307:
3184:Pancreatitis
3146:
3096:biliary tree
2969:Nutmeg liver
2946:
2872:Hematochezia
2823:Pruritus ani
2808:Anal abscess
2803:Anal fistula
2799:Anal fissure
2712:Constipation
2666:
2537:Appendicitis
2345:Gastroptosis
2335:Achlorhydria
2174:
2163:Eosinophilic
2077:
2066:
2042:
2026:
1960:
1953:
1933:
1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1901:
1881:
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1826:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:the original
1787:
1776:. Retrieved
1772:the original
1762:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1710:. Retrieved
1701:
1691:, retrieved
1679:
1669:
1658:. Retrieved
1649:
1638:. Retrieved
1629:
1618:. Retrieved
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1568:. Retrieved
1564:the original
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:
1509:
1503:
1492:, retrieved
1485:the original
1473:
1443:. Retrieved
1439:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1358:
1348:
1324:
1314:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1193:
1170:
1159:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1114:
1105:Nasal polyps
1084:
1061:pedunculated
1042:
1027:
1023:
1006:
1002:
989:
981:colon cancer
978:
974:pedunculated
967:
951:and profuse
945:pedunculated
930:
926:
910:
902:hyperplastic
898:colon cancer
885:
884:
865:Inflammatory
860:Hyperplastic
760:
745:
713:asymptomatic
701:colon cancer
697:constipation
682:
669:
299:
273:
257:hyperplastic
210:
205:
202:pedunculated
201:
185:
183:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
3810:Gynaecology
3774:Cancer pain
3714:Cancer cell
3459:Hyperplasia
3364:Peritonitis
3126:Cholestasis
3104:Cholangitis
3047:Gallbladder
2935:Fatty liver
2855:Hematemesis
2837:GI bleeding
2643:Necrotizing
2572:Lymphocytic
2567:Collagenous
2562:Microscopic
2499:Steatorrhea
2400:Enteropathy
2246:Inlet patch
2168:Herpetiform
2153:Esophagitis
2068:MedlinePlus
1440:Mayo Clinic
1111:Nasal polyp
1049:endometrium
1018:colonoscopy
949:hypokalemia
752:adenomatous
721:colonoscopy
649:eosinophils
533:Colorectal
506:Colorectal
456:Colorectal
276:nasal polyp
245:vocal folds
3799:Categories
3719:Carcinogen
3583:Urogenital
3524:Topography
3505:Metastasis
3469:Pseudocyst
3443:Conditions
3356:Peritoneal
3334:Incisional
3255:Congenital
3199:Hereditary
3176:Pancreatic
3140:Haemobilia
2813:Hemorrhoid
2791:Anal canal
2729:Infectious
2717:Functional
2552:Ulcerative
2436:Duodenitis
2375:Gastrinoma
1917:2007-10-20
1865:2007-10-20
1803:2010-06-25
1778:2010-06-25
1712:2010-06-25
1693:2023-03-31
1680:StatPearls
1660:2010-04-13
1640:2010-04-13
1620:2010-04-13
1570:2010-04-13
1494:August 17,
1445:2020-04-30
1421:2020-04-30
1389:, 3rd Ed..
1187:required.)
774:Micrograph
423:Fundus of
361:Colorectal
350:Syndromes
261:dysplastic
87:newspapers
3738:Oncovirus
3728:oncogenes
3681:Ann Arbor
3624:Papilloma
3609:Carcinoma
3602:Histology
3546:laryngeal
3490:Dysplasia
3474:Hamartoma
3344:Richter's
3301:Spigelian
3296:Obturator
3286:Umbilical
3119:Ascending
3090:Bile duct
2923:Cirrhosis
2901:Hepatitis
2884:Accessory
2754:Proctitis
2605:Megacolon
2579:Dysentery
2489:Whipple's
2441:Jejunitis
2431:Enteritis
2318:Dyspepsia
2279:Gastritis
2212:Achalasia
2145:Esophagus
2079:eMedicine
1510:Endoscopy
1401:, 5th Ed.
1283:2090-6781
1234:1130-0108
1151:Footnotes
1099:menstrual
1089:polyp or
1067:into the
1009:intestine
999:Screening
850:Malignant
750:. If an
725:endoscope
709:malignant
253:neoplasms
229:sinus(es)
177:Pathology
172:Specialty
18:Polyposis
3759:Research
3619:Blastoma
3436:oncology
3274:Indirect
3269:Inguinal
3003:Pyogenic
2948:Vascular
2724:Diarrhea
2702:Volvulus
2668:Vascular
2607: /
2596: /
2557:Ischemic
2524:Appendix
2414:Duodenum
2284:Atrophic
2158:Candidal
1754:12557158
1688:31985973
1599:June 29,
1593:Archived
1367:cite web
1359:UpToDate
1333:cite web
1301:25400965
1242:21867351
1128:rhinitis
1125:allergic
693:diarrhea
347:Picture
32:Skin tag
3769:History
3668:grading
3664:Staging
3629:Adenoma
3614:Sarcoma
3315:Petit's
3291:Femoral
3194:Chronic
3008:Amoebic
2776:Anismus
2542:Colitis
2469:Coeliac
2446:Ileitis
2418:Jejunum
2271:Stomach
2175:Rupture
2084:med/414
2049:D011127
1544:22 July
1518:7408789
1292:4221967
1267:: 1â5.
1166:"polyp"
1057:pedicle
1053:sessile
985:sessile
970:villous
748:forceps
739:(DRE),
425:stomach
395:Stomach
290:octopus
281:polypus
217:stomach
206:sessile
164:cautery
101:scholar
3500:Cancer
3432:cancer
3428:tumors
3309:Lumbar
3279:Direct
3262:Hiatus
3242:Hernia
3094:Other
2860:Melena
2746:Rectum
2229:(GERD)
2073:000266
1968:
1941:
1913:. 2005
1889:
1838:
1752:
1686:
1516:
1299:
1289:
1281:
1240:
1232:
1087:benign
1069:vagina
1065:cervix
1045:lesion
953:mucous
890:cancer
705:benign
368:crypts
335:Polyp
265:benign
247:, and
241:cervix
237:uterus
235:, and
190:tissue
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
3752:Misc.
3638:Other
3578:Blood
3234:Other
3189:Acute
2940:MASLD
2893:Liver
2867:Lower
2850:Upper
2692:Ileus
2528:Colon
2422:Ileum
2237:(LPR)
2037:K63.5
1488:(PDF)
1470:(PDF)
1181:
1091:tumor
964:Risks
923:Types
776:of a
653:none
286:polyp
213:colon
198:stalk
186:polyp
161:snare
145:Polyp
108:JSTOR
94:books
3784:Diet
3573:Skin
3568:Bone
3536:oral
3464:Cyst
3434:and
2622:SCAD
2044:MeSH
1966:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1750:PMID
1684:PMID
1601:2014
1546:2021
1514:PMID
1496:2012
1373:link
1339:link
1297:PMID
1279:ISSN
1265:2014
1238:PMID
1230:ISSN
689:pain
539:Yes
512:Yes
462:Yes
221:nose
80:news
3676:TNM
2928:PBC
2655:IBD
2589:IBS
2028:ICD
1740:doi
1736:124
1589:NCI
1287:PMC
1269:doi
1222:doi
1218:103
915:or
695:or
627:No
567:No
259:or
225:ear
208:.
63:by
3801::
3430:,
3092:/
2690::
2671::
2467::
2082::
2071::
2047::
2035::
2032:10
1909:.
1850:^
1830:.
1812:^
1748:.
1734:.
1730:.
1678:,
1587:.
1537:.
1526:^
1479:,
1472:,
1465:,
1454:^
1438:.
1414:.
1369:}}
1365:{{
1357:.
1335:}}
1331:{{
1323:.
1306:-
1295:.
1285:.
1277:.
1263:.
1259:.
1236:.
1228:.
1216:.
1169:.
987:.
908:.
867::
727:,
719:,
691:,
292:.
243:,
231:,
227:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
184:A
3726:/
3666:/
3419:e
3412:t
3405:v
3128:/
2801:/
2620:/
2616:/
2530:)
2526:/
2522:(
2424:)
2420:/
2416:/
2412:(
2119:e
2112:t
2105:v
2030:-
2020:D
1974:.
1947:.
1920:.
1895:.
1868:.
1844:.
1806:.
1781:.
1756:.
1742::
1715:.
1663:.
1643:.
1623:.
1603:.
1573:.
1548:.
1520:.
1448:.
1424:.
1375:)
1361:.
1341:)
1327:.
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1271::
1244:.
1224::
1201:.
1179:.
1059:(
784:.
166:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
