484:
499:
467:
42:
3187:
372:
of living trees, decaying wood and other types of dead plant matter. Some species are aquatic; they live on dead plant parts submerged in a pond. Others live on the petals of living flowers and on living tree leaves. Since protosteloid amoebae eat bacteria, yeasts, and fungal spores in the
342:
323:
of protosteloid amoebae groups them all according to fruiting bodies, mostly leaving out characteristics of the amoebae. Recent studies have shown that all protosteloid amoebae studied to date are probably included in the group known as
328:
or
Eumycetozoa. However, protosteloid amoebae are not all closely related and some fall within groups of amoebae in which the other amoebae are nonfruiting. Therefore, it appears that the ability to make fruiting bodies may have
598:
Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (2015-04-29).
456:
needle and moving them onto agar in a fresh petri plate that has been smeared with a bacterium or yeast upon which the protosteloid amoeba species has been known to grow. If the spores
188:. The name can vary depending upon the taxon used. Other names include Protostelea, Protostelia, and Protostelida. When not implying a specific level of classification, the term
852:; Steven L. Stephenson; Harold W. Keller; Donna L Moore; James C. Cavendar (2004). "Mycetozoans". In Gregory M. Mueller; Gerald F. Bills; Mercedes S. Foster (eds.).
3319:
425:
Since protosteloid amoebae are microscopic one must bring their substrates, dead plant matter, into the laboratory to find them. Dead plant matter is placed on the
1237:
Moore, Donna L.; Frederick W. Spiegel (July 2000). "Microhabitat
Distribution of Protostelids in Tropical Forests of the Caribbean National Forest, Puerto Rico".
177:
528:
1116:
Landolt, John C.; John D.L. Shadwick; Steven L. Stephenson (30 December 2008). "First records of dictyostelids and protostelids from
Ascension Island".
3293:
1186:
Shadwick, J. D.L.; Stephenson, S. L.; Spiegel, F. W. (2009). "Distribution and ecology of protostelids in Great Smoky
Mountains National Park".
1097:
Spiegel, Frederick W.; John D. L. Shadwick; Lora A. Lindley; Matt Brown; Don E. Hemmes (2007). "Protostelids of the
Hawaiian archipelago".
1036:
Lindley, Lora A.; Steven L. Stephenson; Frederick W. Spiegel (1 July 2007). "Protostelids and myxomycetes isolated from aquatic habitats".
1289:
498:
483:
816:
1322:
1317:
869:
405:, indicating that protostelids have a worldwide distribution. Most studies of protostelid distribution have been done in the
312:
As a subclass, Protostelia has been described as paraphyletic to the protostelid clade, as
Protostelia excludes the clade of
1401:
1391:
1374:
925:"Eumycetozoa=Amoebozoa?: SSUrDNA Phylogeny of Protosteloid Slime Molds and Its Significance for the Amoebozoan Supergroup"
573:
453:
532:
979:"Comprehensive Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Amoebozoa Based on Concatenated Analyses of SSU-rDNA and Actin Genes"
553:
452:
onto an appropriate food organism or mix of organisms. This is done by picking up fruiting bodies or spores with a
3375:
466:
1406:
1282:
2834:
3207:
2826:
373:
laboratory, it is thought that they also do this in nature. They are thus thought to be predators in the
2813:
2693:
2525:
2074:
1592:
1587:
1369:
2670:
1848:
1841:
3115:
2884:
2629:
2624:
1799:
3370:
3334:
3254:
2961:
2910:
2844:
2606:
2530:
2515:
2033:
990:
756:
611:
449:
442:
219:
3285:
3129:
2933:
2902:
2746:
2635:
2601:
2593:
1957:
1722:
3073:
2723:
2464:
2148:
438:
414:
386:
3157:
3024:
2972:
2875:
2715:
2537:
2520:
1855:
1694:
1673:
1631:
1597:
849:
3190:
3122:
3087:
3045:
2706:
2505:
2478:
2471:
2457:
2450:
2430:
2416:
2048:
1928:
1715:
1386:
1364:
1352:
1327:
1275:
1254:
1219:
717:
320:
257:
59:
3150:
3059:
2737:
2642:
2485:
1757:
1666:
3245:
2772:
1624:
861:
3342:
3031:
2951:
2892:
1610:
1603:
1444:
1396:
1359:
1347:
1337:
1211:
1203:
1168:
1053:
1018:
956:
902:
865:
822:
812:
784:
725:
682:
647:
629:
406:
361:
341:
265:
3038:
1764:
1490:
3347:
3324:
2861:
2657:
2038:
1907:
1834:
1311:
1246:
1195:
1158:
1148:
1045:
1008:
998:
946:
936:
894:
853:
774:
764:
709:
674:
665:
637:
619:
398:
2928:
2853:
2754:
2616:
2184:
2156:
2017:
2009:
1771:
1708:
1552:
1524:
1451:
434:
290:
274:
207:
147:
142:
41:
994:
760:
615:
3280:
3108:
2920:
2405:
2366:
2312:
2058:
1923:
1827:
1680:
1645:
1469:
1342:
1163:
1136:
1013:
978:
951:
924:
678:
642:
599:
402:
250:
211:
137:
3364:
3094:
2790:
2542:
2510:
2499:
2361:
2299:
2289:
2261:
2243:
2238:
2179:
2171:
2161:
2129:
1983:
1978:
1876:
1750:
1743:
1542:
1519:
1514:
1474:
1461:
898:
854:
779:
744:
394:
369:
1223:
3164:
3080:
2573:
2410:
2356:
2348:
2307:
2266:
2253:
2230:
2139:
2121:
2043:
1999:
1962:
1883:
1869:
1862:
1813:
1778:
1729:
1652:
1509:
1072:
923:
Shadwick, Lora L.; FW Spiegel; JDL Shadwick; MW Brown; JD Silberman (August 2009).
506:
460:
then the protostelid begins eating the food organism and a culture is established.
297:
234:
spores. Since protostelids are amoebae that make spores, they are considered to be
1003:
941:
624:
574:"PROTOSTELIALES L.S. Olive, 1967 (ceratiomyxomycete and protosteliomycete fungi)"
3306:
3239:
3143:
3052:
2966:
2956:
2795:
2680:
2665:
2558:
2397:
2284:
2221:
1820:
1659:
1638:
1568:
1501:
473:
437:
for several days to a week. Then the edges of the substrates are scanned with a
430:
313:
281:
235:
50:
1049:
3136:
2943:
2782:
2276:
2207:
2202:
2053:
1890:
1806:
1792:
1785:
1687:
1534:
1439:
577:
448:
When protosteloid fruiting bodies are found they can be moved into laboratory
385:
Collections of protostelids have been made from all continents, including the
374:
353:
181:
3230:
1207:
769:
633:
3267:
3101:
3066:
2492:
2423:
2194:
1736:
1547:
1431:
1422:
1298:
457:
325:
185:
94:
82:
70:
1215:
1172:
1057:
1022:
960:
885:
Spiegel FW (1991). "A proposed phylogeny of the flagellated protostelids".
826:
651:
17:
906:
788:
729:
3224:
3171:
2764:
2582:
2441:
2112:
1617:
1381:
686:
410:
352:
Protosteloid amoebae are typically found on dead plant matter, including
223:
806:
2339:
1258:
721:
365:
330:
203:
1153:
3311:
2386:
2330:
1701:
390:
357:
231:
227:
215:
3298:
3201:
1250:
977:
Lahr, Daniel JG; J Grant; T Nguyen; JH Lin; LA Katz (28 July 2011).
713:
3272:
1199:
700:
Olive LS (1967). "The
Protostelida--a new order of the Mycetozoa".
340:
1137:"Ecological distribution of protosteloid amoebae in New Zealand"
426:
222:
and are typically found on dead plant matter where they consume
165:
3205:
1271:
3259:
856:
Biodiversity of fungi : inventory and monitoring methods
389:. Protostelids have also been found on isolated islands like
1267:
409:
zones so they are best known from these areas. However,
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
600:"A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms"
918:
916:
1135:
Zahn, Geoffrey; Stephenson, Spiegel (11 March 2014).
745:"Origin and evolution of the slime molds (Mycetozoa)"
1073:"A beginner's guide to identifying the protostelids"
413:
studies have turned up protostelids, often in great
3214:
3014:
2942:
2919:
2901:
2883:
2874:
2852:
2843:
2825:
2812:
2781:
2763:
2745:
2736:
2714:
2705:
2692:
2679:
2656:
2615:
2592:
2572:
2555:
2440:
2396:
2383:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2298:
2275:
2252:
2229:
2220:
2193:
2170:
2147:
2138:
2120:
2111:
2067:
2026:
2008:
1992:
1971:
1950:
1941:
1916:
1900:
1578:
1565:
1533:
1500:
1487:
1460:
1430:
1421:
441:and species are identified by their fruiting body
972:
970:
800:
798:
316:, which are embedded in the protostelid clade.
860:. New York: Elsevier Academic Press. pp.
529:"Protosporangium: a New Genus of Protostelids"
246:It includes for example the following genera:
1283:
8:
3202:
2880:
2849:
2822:
2742:
2711:
2702:
2689:
2589:
2569:
2552:
2393:
2380:
2344:
2335:
2226:
2144:
2117:
1947:
1938:
1575:
1562:
1497:
1484:
1427:
1290:
1276:
1268:
40:
31:
1162:
1152:
1012:
1002:
950:
940:
778:
768:
743:Baldauf SL, Doolittle WF (October 1997).
641:
623:
124:Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
520:
462:
202:amoebae, also called protostelids, are
1943: Glutinoconcha
7:
3335:4b4dc63a-ed58-4f5c-9ef2-f2683829f0f2
679:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb03865.x
206:that are capable of making simple
25:
421:Collection and laboratory culture
3186:
3185:
497:
482:
465:
345:A fruiting body of the species
1:
214:stalk topped by one or a few
1004:10.1371/journal.pone.0022780
942:10.1371/journal.pone.0006754
899:10.1016/0303-2647(91)90017-F
811:. New York: Academic press.
749:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
625:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248
3392:
1078:. The Eumycetozoan Project
1050:10.3852/mycologia.99.4.504
805:Olive, Lindsay S. (1975).
308:Taxonomy and relationships
3181:
2551:
2379:
1937:
1561:
1483:
1305:
134:
129:
60:Scientific classification
58:
48:
39:
34:
770:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12007
445:and amoebal morphology.
170:Protostelea/Protostelia
1071:Spiegel, Frederick W.
554:"www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"
364:, stems and leaves of
349:
347:Protostelium mycophaga
2835:Echinosteliopsidaceae
850:Spiegel, Frederick W.
344:
27:Group of slime moulds
2827:Echinosteliopsidales
130:Families and genera
995:2011PLoSO...622780L
761:1997PNAS...9412007B
616:2015PLoSO..1019248R
439:compound microscope
387:Antarctic peninsula
218:. All species are
196:is sometimes used.
194:protosteloid amoeba
180:) is a grouping of
3191:Category:Amoebozoa
2814:Columellomycetidae
2694:Lucisporomycetidae
2564:(true slime molds)
2561:
2557:
2526:Schizoplasmodiidae
2389:
2385:
2075:Cylindrifflugiidae
1929:Cryptodifflugiidae
1593:Mississippiellidae
1588:Bipseudostomatidae
1571:
1567:
1493:
1489:
504:Amoeboid phase of
350:
158:Protosteliomycetes
3358:
3357:
3343:Open Tree of Life
3208:Taxon identifiers
3199:
3198:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2952:Lamprodermataceae
2893:Clastodermataceae
2870:
2869:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2732:
2731:
2671:Protosporangiidae
2652:
2651:
2375:
2374:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2216:
2215:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2010:Hyalospheniformes
1849:Pseudawerintzewia
1842:Protocucurbitella
1445:Trichosphaeriidae
1154:10.7717/peerj.296
362:herbaceous plants
266:Planoprotostelium
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
3383:
3376:Amoebozoa orders
3351:
3350:
3338:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3315:
3314:
3302:
3301:
3289:
3288:
3276:
3275:
3263:
3262:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3203:
3189:
3188:
3116:Pseudothecamoeba
2885:Clastodermatales
2881:
2862:Echinosteliaceae
2850:
2823:
2819:
2743:
2712:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2658:Protosporangiida
2630:Dictyosteliaceae
2625:Raperosteliaceae
2590:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2553:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2345:
2336:
2227:
2145:
2118:
2039:Distomatopyxidae
1948:
1944:
1939:
1908:Microchlamyiidae
1835:Protoplagiopyxis
1800:Planhoogenraadia
1576:
1572:
1563:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1428:
1334:
1314:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1006:
974:
965:
964:
954:
944:
920:
911:
910:
882:
876:
875:
859:
846:
831:
830:
802:
793:
792:
782:
772:
755:(22): 12007–12.
740:
734:
733:
697:
691:
690:
662:
656:
655:
645:
627:
595:
589:
588:
586:
585:
576:. Archived from
570:
564:
563:
561:
560:
550:
544:
543:
541:
540:
531:. Archived from
525:
501:
486:
469:
401:in the southern
399:Ascension Island
333:more than once.
210:consisting of a
184:from the phylum
44:
32:
21:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3177:
2978:
2962:Kelleromyxaceae
2938:
2929:Stemonitidaceae
2915:
2911:Meridermataceae
2897:
2866:
2854:Echinosteliales
2845:Echinosteliidia
2839:
2817:
2816:
2800:
2777:
2759:
2755:Reticulariaceae
2728:
2698:(bright-spored)
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2648:
2617:Dictyosteliales
2611:
2607:Acytosteliaceae
2588:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2547:
2531:Soliformoviidae
2516:Fractovitellida
2436:
2384:
2371:
2317:
2294:
2271:
2248:
2212:
2189:
2185:Cochliopodiidae
2166:
2157:Acanthamoebidae
2134:
2079:
2068:Cylindrothecina
2063:
2034:Cucurbitellidae
2022:
2018:Hyalospheniidae
2004:
1988:
1967:
1942:
1933:
1912:
1896:
1772:Paracentropyxis
1709:Lagenodifflugia
1566:
1557:
1553:Hartmannellidae
1529:
1525:Gephyramoebidae
1488:
1479:
1456:
1452:Microcoryciidae
1417:
1416:
1332:
1310:
1301:
1296:
1266:
1251:10.2307/3761419
1236:
1235:
1231:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1035:
1034:
1030:
976:
975:
968:
922:
921:
914:
893:(1–2): 113–20.
884:
883:
879:
872:
848:
847:
834:
819:
808:The mycetozoans
804:
803:
796:
742:
741:
737:
714:10.2307/3756938
699:
698:
694:
664:
663:
659:
610:(4): e0119248.
597:
596:
592:
583:
581:
572:
571:
567:
558:
556:
552:
551:
547:
538:
536:
527:
526:
522:
518:
511:
502:
493:
487:
478:
470:
433:and allowed to
423:
383:
339:
310:
291:Protosteliaceae
275:Ceratiomyxaceae
244:
208:fruiting bodies
148:Protosteliaceae
143:Ceratiomyxaceae
125:
122:
121:
109:
97:
85:
73:
35:Protosteliales
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3363:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3339:
3329:
3316:
3303:
3290:
3277:
3264:
3251:
3236:
3220:
3218:
3216:Protosteliales
3212:
3211:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3130:Schoutedamoeba
3126:
3119:
3112:
3109:Penardochlamys
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3018:
3016:incertae sedis
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2934:Comatrichaceae
2931:
2925:
2923:
2921:Stemonitidales
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2903:Meridermatales
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2747:Reticulariales
2740:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:Ceratiomyxidae
2662:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2636:Coremiostelium
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2602:Cavenderiaceae
2598:
2596:
2594:Acytosteliales
2587:
2586:
2578:
2576:
2567:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2406:Mastigamoebida
2402:
2400:
2391:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2367:Squamamoebidae
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2313:Vexilliferidae
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2059:Trigonopyxidae
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2027:Sphaerothecina
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1958:Lesquereusidae
1954:
1952:
1945:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1924:Phryganellidae
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1828:Proplagiopyxis
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1723:Lamptoquadrula
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1681:Geoplagiopyxis
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1646:Ellipsopyxella
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1580:incertae sedis
1573:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1495:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:Echinamoebidae
1466:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:Mesomycetozoea
1404:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1343:Diaphoretickes
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1265:
1264:
1245:(4): 616–625.
1229:
1200:10.3852/08-167
1194:(3): 320–328.
1178:
1127:
1108:
1089:
1063:
1044:(4): 504–509.
1028:
966:
912:
877:
870:
832:
817:
794:
735:
692:
657:
590:
565:
545:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
503:
496:
494:
488:
481:
479:
471:
464:
422:
419:
382:
379:
338:
335:
309:
306:
305:
304:
303:
302:
288:
287:
286:
272:
271:
270:
262:
251:Cavosteliaceae
243:
242:Classification
240:
162:Protosteliales
153:
152:
151:
150:
145:
140:
138:Cavosteliaceae
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
117:
115:
111:
110:
105:
103:
99:
98:
93:
91:
87:
86:
81:
79:
75:
74:
69:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3388:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3192:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:Oscillosignum
3092:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:Malpighamoeba
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3013:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2818:(dark-spored)
2815:
2811:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Dianemataceae
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2724:Cribrariaceae
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2685:(Myxomycetes)
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2543:Holomastigida
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Protosteliida
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2500:Phalansterium
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2465:Darbyshirella
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Sapocribridae
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2300:Dactylopodida
2297:
2291:
2290:Discamoebidae
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Dermamoebidae
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2244:Thecamoebidae
2242:
2240:
2239:Stenamoebidae
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Parvamoebidae
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2172:Himatismenida
2169:
2163:
2162:Balamuthiidae
2160:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2149:Acanthopodida
2146:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2130:Stygamoebidae
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:Plagiopyxidae
1982:
1980:
1979:Centropyxidae
1977:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:Phryganellina
1915:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1877:Suiadifflugia
1874:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1751:Microquadrula
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:Meisterfeldia
1741:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1543:Nolandellidae
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Flabellulidae
1518:
1516:
1515:Rhizamoebidae
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1475:Vermamoebidae
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1462:Echinamoebida
1459:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Stramenopiles
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1333:(major groups
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1124:(2): 235–245.
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1074:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
989:(7): e22780.
988:
984:
980:
973:
971:
967:
962:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
881:
878:
873:
867:
863:
858:
857:
851:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
833:
828:
824:
820:
818:9780125262507
814:
810:
809:
801:
799:
795:
790:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
739:
736:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
661:
658:
653:
649:
644:
639:
635:
631:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
591:
580:on 2007-08-06
579:
575:
569:
566:
555:
549:
546:
535:on 2013-01-05
534:
530:
524:
521:
515:
509:
508:
500:
495:
491:
485:
480:
476:
475:
468:
463:
461:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:surface in a
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
380:
378:
376:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
348:
343:
336:
334:
332:
327:
322:
317:
315:
307:
300:
299:
295:
294:
292:
289:
284:
283:
279:
278:
276:
273:
268:
267:
263:
260:
259:
255:
254:
252:
249:
248:
247:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
174:Protosteliida
171:
167:
163:
159:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
133:
128:
120:
119:Protosteliida
116:
113:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
92:
90:Infraphylum:
89:
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
65:
64:
61:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3246:Protostelida
3215:
3170:
3163:
3158:Triaenamoeba
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3081:Microcorycia
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3025:Belonocystis
3023:
3015:
2973:Tasmaniomyxa
2971:
2876:Stemonitidia
2716:Cribrariales
2641:
2634:
2581:
2574:Dictyostelia
2538:Cavosteliida
2521:Acramoebidae
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2411:Pelobiontida
2357:Idionectidae
2349:Squamocutida
2308:Paramoebidae
2267:Mayorellidae
2254:Dermamoebida
2231:Thecamoebida
2140:Centramoebia
2122:Stygamoebida
2044:Lamtopyxidae
2000:Heleoperidae
1972:Excentrosoma
1963:Difflugiidae
1951:Longithecina
1901:Organoconcha
1889:
1884:Trigonopyxis
1882:
1875:
1870:Sexangularia
1868:
1863:Schoenbornia
1861:
1856:Pseudonebela
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1814:Pontigulasia
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1779:Paraquadrula
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1730:Leptochlamys
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1695:Hoogenraadia
1693:
1686:
1679:
1674:Geamphorella
1672:
1665:
1658:
1653:Ellipsopyxis
1651:
1644:
1637:
1632:Conicocassis
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1598:Shamkiriidae
1579:
1510:Leptomyxidae
1392:Opisthokonta
1242:
1238:
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1187:
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1080:. Retrieved
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667:J. Protozool
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582:. Retrieved
578:the original
568:
557:. Retrieved
548:
537:. Retrieved
533:the original
523:
507:Protostelium
505:
489:
472:
447:
424:
384:
381:Distribution
351:
346:
318:
311:
298:Protostelium
296:
280:
264:
256:
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200:Protosteloid
199:
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193:
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173:
169:
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157:
156:
118:
106:
78:(unranked):
49:
29:
3371:Eumycetozoa
3307:iNaturalist
3240:Wikispecies
3144:Subulamoeba
3123:Rhabdamoeba
3088:Microglomus
3053:Gibbodiscus
3046:Corallomyxa
2967:Physaraceae
2957:Didymiaceae
2796:Trichiaceae
2707:Cribariidia
2681:Myxogastria
2559:Eumycetozoa
2506:Flamellidae
2479:Ischnamoeba
2472:Dictyamoeba
2458:Arboramoeba
2451:Angulamoeba
2431:Rhizomastix
2417:Tricholimax
2398:Archamoebea
2285:Vannellidae
2222:Flabellinia
2049:Netzeliidae
1821:Prantlitina
1716:Lamptopyxis
1660:Erugomicula
1639:Cornuapyxis
1569:Arcellinida
1502:Leptomyxida
708:(1): 1–29.
673:(1): 44–9.
490:Ceratiomyxa
474:Ceratiomyxa
431:petri plate
377:community.
319:The formal
314:myxomycetes
282:Ceratiomyxa
258:Cavostelium
236:slime molds
220:microscopic
190:protostelid
182:slime molds
107:Protostelea
51:Ceratiomyxa
18:Protostelia
3365:Categories
3151:Thecochaos
3137:Stereomyxa
3060:Hartmannia
2944:Physarales
2783:Trichiales
2738:Trichiidia
2643:Synstelium
2486:Heliamoeba
2277:Vannellida
2208:Goceviidae
2203:Pellitidae
2054:Arcellidae
1993:Volnustoma
1891:Wailesella
1807:Pomoriella
1793:Physochila
1786:Pentagonia
1758:Nabranella
1688:Geopyxella
1667:Frenopyxis
1535:Euamoebida
1440:Trichosida
887:BioSystems
871:0125095511
584:2009-03-27
559:2009-03-27
539:2009-03-27
516:References
454:sterilised
443:morphology
375:decomposer
3102:Parmulina
3067:Malamoeba
2773:Liceaceae
2493:Filamoeba
2424:Entamoeba
2195:Pellitida
1737:Maghrebia
1625:Armipyxis
1548:Amoebidae
1432:Corycidia
1423:Tubulinea
1387:Amoebozoa
1365:Alveolata
1353:Cryptista
1328:Eukaryota
1299:Amoebozoa
1239:Mycologia
1208:0027-5514
1188:Mycologia
1099:Innoculum
1038:Mycologia
702:Mycologia
634:1932-6203
458:germinate
415:abundance
407:temperate
326:Amoebozoa
293:(family)
277:(family)
253:(family)
186:Mycetozoa
95:Mycetozoa
83:Amoebozoa
71:Eukaryota
3281:Fungorum
3225:Wikidata
3172:Zonomyxa
3032:Boveella
2765:Liceales
2583:Coenonia
2442:Variosea
2113:Discosea
1618:Argynnia
1611:Apolimia
1604:Acipyxis
1382:Amorphea
1360:Rhizaria
1348:Hacrobia
1338:Excavata
1323:Bacteria
1224:30686452
1216:19537205
1173:24688872
1147:: e296.
1105:(2): 38.
1058:18065001
1023:21829512
983:PLOS ONE
961:19707546
929:PLOS ONE
652:25923521
604:PLOS ONE
435:incubate
411:tropical
403:Atlantic
321:taxonomy
224:bacteria
212:cellular
66:Domain:
3231:Q605509
3039:Biomyxa
2340:Cutosea
1765:Oopyxis
1491:Elardia
1397:Animals
1318:Archaea
1259:3761419
1164:3961141
1118:Sydowia
1014:3145751
991:Bibcode
952:2727795
907:1854909
827:1009339
789:9342353
757:Bibcode
730:6068269
722:3756938
643:4418965
612:Bibcode
450:culture
395:Pacific
393:in the
366:grasses
337:Ecology
331:evolved
301:(genus)
285:(genus)
269:(genus)
261:(genus)
204:amoebae
114:Order:
102:Class:
3348:502082
3332:NZOR:
3273:1PRSTC
2387:Conosa
2331:Evosea
1702:Jungia
1375:Plants
1312:Domain
1257:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1171:
1161:
1082:31 May
1056:
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864:–576.
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687:566326
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650:
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632:
391:Hawaii
358:leaves
232:fungal
230:, and
228:yeasts
216:spores
3325:11132
3320:IRMNG
3312:56255
3286:90442
1402:Fungi
1255:JSTOR
1220:S2CID
1141:PeerJ
1076:(PDF)
780:23686
718:JSTOR
354:stems
168:) or
3299:1111
3294:GBIF
3268:EPPO
3260:5739
3165:Unda
1212:PMID
1204:ISSN
1169:PMID
1084:2012
1054:PMID
1019:PMID
957:PMID
903:PMID
866:ISBN
823:OCLC
813:ISBN
785:PMID
726:PMID
683:PMID
648:PMID
630:ISSN
427:agar
397:and
370:bark
356:and
178:ICZN
166:ICBN
54:sp.
3255:EoL
1247:doi
1196:doi
1192:101
1159:PMC
1149:doi
1046:doi
1009:PMC
999:doi
947:PMC
937:doi
895:doi
862:547
775:PMC
765:doi
710:doi
675:doi
638:PMC
620:doi
510:sp.
492:sp.
477:sp.
360:of
192:or
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