789:
1098:
1021:
884:
965:
104:
809:
864:
667:
77:
1118:
697:
1041:
985:
647:
750:
320:
Certain species can attain sizes of more than a centimeter with some species being able to form cylindrical colonies approximately 1 cm in diameter and greater than 1 m in length. They feed by capturing and engulfing prey with the extensions of their pseudopodia; forms that are symbiotic
2039:
Howe, Alexis T.; Bass, David; Scoble, Josephine M.; et al. (2011). "Novel
Cultured Protists Identify Deep-branching Environmental DNA Clades of Cercozoa: New Genera Tremula, Micrometopion, Minimassisteria, Nudifila, Peregrinia".
1552:
Moreira D, von der Heyden S, Bass D, López-García P, Chao E, Cavalier-Smith T (July 2007). "Global eukaryote phylogeny: Combined small- and large-subunit ribosomal DNA trees support monophyly of
Rhizaria, Retaria and Excavata".
386:. The different groups of Rhizaria are considered close relatives based mainly on genetic similarities, and have been regarded as an extension of the Cercozoa. The name Rhizaria for the expanded group was introduced by
2003:
Bass, D.; Chao, E.E.; Nikolaev, S.; et al. (February 2009). "Phylogeny of Novel Naked Filose and
Reticulose Cercozoa: Granofilosea cl. n. and Proteomyxidea Revised".
1952:
Hallmann, Christian; Stuhr, Marleen; Kucera, Michal; et al. (2019-03-04). "Putative sponge biomarkers in unicellular
Rhizaria question an early rise of animals".
4696:
467:(Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizaria), a grouping that had been presaged in 1993 through a study of mitochondrial morphologies. SAR is currently placed in the
449:
were all related to one another emerged rather recently, with the help of molecular phylogenetics and advanced microscopy techniques in the late 20th century.
4773:
494:. However, when a simple animal-plant dichotomy was superseded by a recognition of additional kingdoms, taxonomists generally placed amoebae in the kingdom
445:
on the basis of their very similar thin, reticulose pseudopodia with granules circulating inside. However, the idea that these organisms and others such as
2075:
Irwin, Nicholas A. T.; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Hehenberger, Elisabeth; et al. (2019-01-01). "Phylogenomics supports the monophyly of the
Cercozoa".
4768:
1638:
Hartikainen, H.; Stentiford, G.D.; Bateman, K.S.; Berney, C.; Feist, S.W.; Longshaw, M.; Okamura, B.; Stone, D.; Ward, G.; Wood, C.; Bass, D. (2014).
2188:
233:, they are all non-photosynthetic, but many foraminifera and radiolaria have a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae. A multicellular form,
4670:
514:
forming part of the SAR super assemblage. Rhizaria has been supported by molecular phylogenetic studies as a monophyletic group. Biosynthesis of
276:. In the absence of an apomorphy, the group is ill-defined, and its composition has been very fluid. Some Rhizaria possess mineral exoskeletons (
1239:"Multigene phylogeny and cell evolution of chromist infrakingdom Rhizaria: contrasting cell organisation of sister phyla Cercozoa and Retaria"
1842:
Burki, F.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K.; Minge, M.; Skjaeveland, A.; Nikolaev, S.I.; Jakobsen, K.S.; Pawlowski, J. (2007). Butler, Geraldine (ed.).
1354:
2220:
3510:
1292:
1097:
788:
4735:
3544:
2254:
498:. When scientists began examining the evolutionary relationships among eukaryotes in the 1970s, it became clear that the kingdom
3539:
2249:
4675:
425:
Similarities between various
Rhizaria organisms have been noticed since the 19th century. In his 1861 classification of the
4683:
3623:
3613:
3596:
2333:
2323:
2306:
1423:
Gast, Rebecca J.; Caron, David A. (2001-10-01). "Photosymbiotic associations in planktonic foraminifera and radiolaria".
1639:
372:
A few other groups may be included in the
Cercozoa, but some trees appear closer to the Foraminifera. These are the
4701:
430:
103:
1704:, the cause of Denman Island disease in oysters Crassostrea spp. and Ostrea spp. in British Columbia, Canada"
3628:
2338:
2213:
245:
in 2002, although the term "Rhizaria" had been long used for clades within the currently recognized taxon.
4778:
4600:
3503:
515:
1211:, and the production of intricate shells. These amoeba have complex sexual life cycles with meiosis and
4722:
3591:
2301:
1596:
1234:
387:
4530:
4449:
1020:
4740:
4657:
4432:
4255:
3409:
2084:
1961:
1857:
1779:
1654:
1640:"Mikrocytids are a broadly distributed and divergent radiation of parasites in aquatic invertebrates"
1562:
1518:
1473:
4535:
4444:
4438:
4245:
4016:
3891:
3733:
3414:
4519:
3984:
3785:
3116:
2900:
1744:
220:
4478:
4388:
4341:
4250:
3901:
3896:
3677:
3272:
909:
745:
3608:
3586:
3574:
3549:
3126:
2318:
2296:
2284:
2259:
2206:
2108:
1985:
1680:
1440:
1186:
252:
sequences, they vary considerably in form, having no clear morphological distinctive characters (
98:
4727:
3738:
964:
3780:
3682:
883:
4763:
4709:
4288:
4004:
3999:
3959:
3855:
3618:
3581:
3569:
3559:
3496:
3460:
3386:
3367:
3077:
2660:
2328:
2291:
2279:
2269:
2162:
2100:
2057:
2020:
1977:
1934:
1885:
1824:
1797:
1725:
1672:
1620:
1578:
1534:
1491:
1405:
1374:"The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes"
1358:
1327:
1309:
1268:
321:
with unicellular algae contribute significantly to the total primary production of the ocean.
1287:
4566:
4383:
4162:
3919:
3533:
3432:
3378:
3132:
2578:
2243:
2152:
2144:
2092:
2049:
2012:
1969:
1924:
1916:
1875:
1865:
1787:
1715:
1662:
1612:
1570:
1526:
1481:
1432:
1395:
1385:
1335:
1317:
1301:
1258:
1250:
281:
1600:
4714:
4570:
4107:
3305:
2480:
1464:
1460:"Aggregative Multicellularity Evolved Independently in the Eukaryotic Supergroup Rhizaria"
547:
1458:
Brown, Matthew W.; Kolisko, Martin; Silberman, Jeffrey D.; Roger, Andrew J. (June 2012).
2088:
1965:
1861:
1783:
1699:
1658:
1566:
1522:
1477:
4638:
4525:
4336:
4240:
3969:
3845:
3705:
3661:
3564:
3401:
3391:
3355:
3330:
3019:
2810:
2711:
2633:
2442:
2274:
2157:
2132:
1929:
1904:
1880:
1843:
1322:
1263:
1238:
1192:
808:
771:
568:
551:
546:. The following cladogram depicts the evolutionary relationships between all rhizarian
472:
468:
464:
330:
253:
242:
172:
154:
128:
85:
31:
1400:
1373:
518:
precursors in various rhizaria suggests a relevant ecological role already during the
4757:
4426:
4398:
4214:
4011:
3911:
3725:
3710:
3437:
3236:
3228:
3058:
2979:
2919:
2830:
2804:
2533:
1036:
804:
507:
249:
2112:
1989:
1698:
Hine, P.M.; Bower, S.M.; Meyer, G.R.; Cochennec-Laureau, N.; Berthe, F.C.J. (2001).
1684:
863:
666:
4549:
4467:
4406:
4378:
4359:
4348:
4330:
4321:
4311:
4147:
4112:
4099:
4089:
3994:
3979:
3974:
3964:
3946:
3832:
3822:
3757:
3700:
3692:
3470:
3297:
3277:
3217:
3121:
3094:
3041:
2999:
2966:
2741:
2519:
2458:
1601:"The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa"
1444:
1181:
1156:
1093:
980:
960:
784:
691:
662:
608:
543:
503:
491:
438:
402:
377:
349:
90:
1905:"Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes"
2053:
2016:
1870:
4688:
4632:
4421:
4416:
4283:
4278:
4265:
4157:
4117:
3715:
3361:
3287:
3139:
3103:
3083:
3031:
3005:
2895:
2843:
2816:
2798:
2771:
2538:
2407:
2396:
2096:
1574:
1208:
406:
391:
269:
265:
213:
48:
41:
2133:"The chastity of amoebae: re-evaluating evidence for sex in amoeboid organisms"
4558:
4484:
4368:
4273:
4232:
4222:
4204:
4152:
4127:
4122:
3954:
3924:
3878:
3860:
3850:
3442:
3266:
3257:
3242:
3110:
3047:
2906:
2867:
2862:
2748:
2665:
2560:
2472:
1973:
1792:
1767:
1667:
1616:
1486:
1459:
1436:
1372:
Nikolaev, Sergey I.; Berney, Cédric; Fahrni, José F.; et al. (May 2004).
1254:
1199:
1175:
1016:
859:
642:
511:
446:
373:
358:
238:
225:
4623:
1313:
4411:
4373:
4076:
3886:
3803:
3341:
3282:
2990:
2955:
2913:
2890:
2872:
2759:
2695:
2570:
2447:
2390:
2377:
2229:
1903:
Burki, Fabien; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Pawlowski, Jan (August 23, 2008).
1390:
1288:"Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes"
1286:
Sina M. Adl; David Bass; Christopher E. Lane; et al. (1 January 2019).
1166:
1117:
1113:
879:
519:
476:
458:
426:
343:
296:
273:
216:
115:
76:
2198:
2166:
2148:
2104:
2061:
2024:
1981:
1938:
1920:
1889:
1801:
1729:
1676:
1624:
1582:
1538:
1495:
1409:
1331:
1272:
696:
4649:
3488:
2182:
1828:
1339:
1040:
4617:
4578:
4574:
4472:
4084:
4059:
3795:
3650:
3603:
3348:
3310:
3211:
3188:
2735:
2730:
2652:
2527:
2402:
2385:
2363:
2313:
1848:
1080:
846:
721:
588:
535:
499:
495:
480:
442:
395:
380:, parasites of plants and animals, respectively, and the peculiar amoeba
366:
339:
257:
230:
193:
188:
35:
1530:
984:
646:
261:
4562:
4188:
3464:
3199:
3036:
2882:
2789:
2778:
2642:
2548:
2504:
2412:
1170:
940:
749:
539:
353:
307:
198:
55:
1720:
1305:
4582:
2854:
2584:
2486:
2428:
1212:
1204:
1161:
1155:
Complete sexual life cycles have been demonstrated for two lineages (
598:
487:
410:
382:
362:
277:
62:
4594:
3424:
3064:
531:
4662:
2193:
1605:
International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2681:
285:
141:
4598:
3492:
2202:
2131:
Lahr DJ, Parfrey LW, Mitchell EA, Katz LA, Lara E (July 2011).
1509:
Caron DA (April 2016). "Ocean science: The rise of
Rhizaria".
413:. This includes the causative agent of Denman Island Disease,
284:), which are in different clades within Rhizaria made out of
2189:
Molecular
Phylogeny of Amoeboid Protists - Tree of Rhizaria
417:
a small (2−3 μm diameter) amitochondriate protistan.
352:– amoeboids with reticulose pseudopods, common as marine
1745:"XLVII.-On the systematic arrangement of the Rhizopoda"
1844:"Phylogenomics Reshuffles the Eukaryotic Supergroups"
212:
are a diverse and species-rich supergroup of mostly
4607:
4509:
4458:
4397:
4358:
4320:
4309:
4264:
4231:
4213:
4202:
4185:
4140:
4098:
4075:
4068:
4057:
3945:
3910:
3877:
3831:
3820:
3794:
3773:
3766:
3755:
3724:
3691:
3670:
3660:
3647:
3423:
3400:
3377:
3327:
3296:
3256:
3227:
3198:
3186:
3093:
3057:
3018:
2989:
2965:
2952:
2881:
2853:
2829:
2788:
2758:
2721:
2708:
2678:
2651:
2631:
2569:
2547:
2501:
2471:
2456:
2425:
2376:
2361:
1229:
1227:
506:. Rhizaria appear to share a common ancestor with
342:– various amoebae and flagellates, usually with
1203:). In particular, the Foraminifera are marine
542:. Subsequently, Cercozoa and Retaria are also
486:Historically, many rhizarians were considered
3504:
2214:
1237:; Chao, Ema E .; Lewis, Rhodri (April 2018).
241:, has been described. This group was used by
8:
2126:
2124:
2122:
4595:
4317:
4306:
4210:
4199:
4195:
4182:
4072:
4065:
4054:
3942:
3907:
3874:
3838:
3828:
3817:
3770:
3763:
3752:
3667:
3657:
3644:
3511:
3497:
3489:
3374:
3204:
3195:
3183:
3090:
3054:
3024:
2971:
2962:
2949:
2835:
2764:
2718:
2705:
2688:
2675:
2648:
2628:
2624:
2553:
2511:
2468:
2464:
2435:
2373:
2369:
2358:
2354:
2221:
2207:
2199:
1749:Natural History Review (Dublin and London)
75:
20:
2156:
1928:
1879:
1869:
1791:
1719:
1666:
1485:
1399:
1389:
1321:
1262:
1215:production occurring at separate stages.
1207:that are defined by a dynamic network of
313:
302:
291:
1223:
335:The three main groups of Rhizaria are:
3479:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
2077:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1766:Burki F, Keeling PJ (February 2014).
7:
1743:Carpenter, William Benjamin (1861).
1173:has been observed in five lineages (
4774:Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith
1086:
1009:
953:
946:
852:
842:
777:
635:
628:
621:
614:
604:
594:
584:
574:
564:
401:A noteworthy order that belongs to
1293:Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
256:), but for the most part they are
14:
550:, and is made after the works of
4769:Neoproterozoic first appearances
1116:
1096:
1039:
1019:
983:
963:
882:
862:
807:
787:
748:
695:
665:
645:
102:
390:in 2002, who also included the
223:and three species in the genus
2958:
2954:
2714:
2710:
1954:Nature Ecology & Evolution
534:composed of two sister phyla:
490:because of their motility and
1:
1708:Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
2054:10.1016/j.protis.2010.10.002
2017:10.1016/j.protis.2008.07.002
1871:10.1371/journal.pone.0000790
1353:Taylor, Christopher (2004).
483:, and several minor clades.
248:Being described mainly from
2097:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.09.004
1575:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.001
4795:
1165:) and direct evidence for
459:Eukaryote § Phylogeny
456:
453:Evolutionary relationships
328:
4544:
4305:
4198:
4181:
4053:
3941:
3873:
3841:
3816:
3751:
3643:
3527:
3455:
3207:
3182:
3027:
2974:
2948:
2838:
2767:
2704:
2691:
2674:
2627:
2623:
2556:
2514:
2467:
2438:
2372:
2357:
2353:
2237:
1974:10.1038/s41559-019-0806-5
1793:10.1016/j.cub.2013.12.025
1668:10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.033
1617:10.1099/00207713-52-2-297
1487:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.021
1255:10.1007/s00709-018-1241-1
1111:
1091:
1084:
1034:
1014:
1007:
978:
958:
951:
944:
906:
877:
857:
850:
840:
802:
782:
775:
743:
719:
689:
660:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
602:
592:
582:
572:
463:Rhizaria are part of the
429:(amoebae), the zoologist
409:. These are parasites of
185:
180:
99:Scientific classification
97:
83:
74:
23:
2684:
2680:
16:Infrakingdom of protists
1815:Seravin LN (1993). "".
1437:10.1023/A:1012710909023
1391:10.1073/pnas.0308602101
516:24-isopropyl cholestane
2194:Tree of Life Eukaryota
2185:at UniEuk Taxonomy Map
2149:10.1098/rspb.2011.0289
1921:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0224
1597:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas
1235:Cavalier-Smith, Thomas
235:Guttulinopsis vulgaris
4723:Paleobiology Database
1555:Mol. Phylogenet. Evol
437:, which consisted of
329:Further information:
431:William B. Carpenter
331:wikispecies:Rhizaria
4557:organization type:
3356:Gunflint microbiota
3117:Klebsormidiophyceae
2901:Hyphochytriomycetes
2089:2019MolPE.130..416I
1966:2019NatEE...3..577N
1862:2007PLoSO...2..790B
1784:2014CBio...24.R103B
1700:"Ultrastructure of
1659:2014CBio...24..807H
1567:2007MolPE..44..255M
1531:10.1038/nature17892
1523:2016Natur.532..444C
1478:2012CBio...22.1123B
569:SAR Supergroup
433:proposed the order
365:, common as marine
221:Chlorarachniophytes
4191:
4187:
3127:Coleochaetophyceae
2507:
2503:
2431:
2427:
1702:Mikrocytos mackini
1188:Chlorarachniophyta
557:(2018), and Irwin
532:monophyletic group
415:Mikrocytos mackini
346:and common in soil
4751:
4750:
4710:Open Tree of Life
4601:Taxon identifiers
4592:
4591:
4575:heliozoan amoebae
4567:amoeboflagellates
4531:Labyrinthomyxidae
4505:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4450:Globigerinitoidea
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4136:
4135:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
3960:Phaeogymnocellida
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3869:
3868:
3856:Paracercomonadida
3812:
3811:
3747:
3746:
3486:
3485:
3451:
3450:
3387:Spironematellidae
3368:Meteora sporadica
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3252:
3251:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3078:Prasinodermophyta
3014:
3013:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2825:
2824:
2661:Centroplasthelida
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2497:
2496:
2421:
2420:
2143:(1715): 2081–90.
1721:10.3354/dao045215
1306:10.1111/JEU.12691
1147:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1051:
996:
995:
930:
929:
921:
920:
895:
894:
829:
828:
820:
819:
761:
760:
732:
731:
708:
707:
678:
677:
361:– amoeboids with
344:filose pseudopods
219:. Except for the
206:
205:
176:
4786:
4744:
4743:
4731:
4730:
4718:
4717:
4705:
4704:
4692:
4691:
4689:NHMSYS0021058817
4679:
4678:
4666:
4665:
4653:
4652:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4596:
4384:Silicoloculinida
4318:
4314:
4307:
4211:
4207:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4183:
4163:Plasmodiophorida
4073:
4066:
4062:
4055:
3943:
3920:Thaumatomonadida
3908:
3875:
3839:
3829:
3825:
3818:
3771:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3668:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3556:
3536:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3433:Collodictyonidae
3379:Hemimastigophora
3375:
3334:
3205:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3133:Zygnematophyceae
3091:
3071:
3055:
3025:
2972:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2836:
2765:
2719:
2715:
2706:
2689:
2685:
2676:
2649:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2579:Choanoflagellata
2554:
2512:
2508:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2436:
2432:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2355:
2266:
2246:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2171:
2170:
2160:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1670:
1644:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1489:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1357:. Archived from
1350:
1344:
1343:
1325:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1266:
1249:(5): 1517–1574.
1231:
1194:Plasmodiophorida
1120:
1100:
1087:
1043:
1023:
1010:
987:
967:
954:
947:
886:
866:
853:
843:
811:
791:
778:
752:
699:
669:
649:
636:
629:
622:
615:
605:
595:
585:
575:
565:
316:
305:
294:
171:
107:
106:
79:
69:
65:
58:
51:
44:
38:
27:Temporal range:
21:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4739:
4734:
4726:
4721:
4713:
4708:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4682:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4603:
4593:
4588:
4571:testate amoebae
4540:
4489:
4454:
4433:Globotruncanida
4393:
4354:
4310:
4293:
4260:
4256:Symphyacanthida
4227:
4203:
4186:
4169:
4132:
4108:Claustrosporida
4094:
4058:
4021:
3929:
3906:
3865:
3821:
3808:
3790:
3756:
3743:
3720:
3687:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3554:
3532:
3523:
3517:
3487:
3482:
3447:
3419:
3410:Ancyromonadidae
3396:
3373:
3328:
3315:
3306:Malawimonadidae
3292:
3248:
3223:
3187:
3146:
3089:
3062:
3061:
3053:
3010:
2985:
2953:
2924:
2877:
2849:
2821:
2784:
2754:
2709:
2700:
2679:
2670:
2647:
2632:
2591:
2565:
2543:
2502:
2493:
2457:
2452:
2426:
2417:
2362:
2349:
2348:
2264:
2242:
2233:
2227:
2179:
2174:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1909:Biology Letters
1902:
1901:
1897:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1772:Current Biology
1765:
1764:
1760:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1517:(7600): 444–5.
1508:
1507:
1503:
1465:Current Biology
1457:
1456:
1452:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1384:(21): 8066–71.
1371:
1370:
1366:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1233:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1153:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1071:
1062:
1053:
997:
931:
922:
896:
830:
821:
762:
733:
709:
694:(paraphyletic)
679:
528:
461:
455:
423:
333:
327:
315:
311:
304:
300:
293:
289:
170:
101:
70:
68:
67:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
46:
42:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4792:
4790:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4706:
4693:
4680:
4667:
4654:
4644:
4629:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4579:sporozoan-like
4555:
4552:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4536:Rhizoplasmidae
4533:
4528:
4526:Gymnosphaerida
4523:
4515:
4513:
4511:Incertae sedis
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4460:Incertae sedis
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4445:Guembelitriida
4441:
4439:Heterohelicida
4435:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4337:Xenophyophorea
4334:
4327:
4325:
4315:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4246:Chaunocanthida
4243:
4241:Arthracanthida
4237:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4208:
4193:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4063:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4017:Ventricleftida
4014:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3970:Phaeosphaerida
3967:
3962:
3951:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3892:Spongomonadida
3889:
3883:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3846:Glissomonadida
3842:
3836:
3826:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3734:Chlorarachnida
3730:
3728:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Desmothoracida
3703:
3697:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3665:
3662:Reticulofilosa
3655:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:Mesomycetozoea
3626:
3621:
3611:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3565:Diaphoretickes
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:classification
3518:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3474:
3467:
3463:excluded from
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3415:Planomonadidae
3412:
3406:
3404:
3402:Ancyromonadida
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3392:Paramastigidae
3389:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3344:
3337:
3335:
3331:Incertae sedis
3325:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3193:
3180:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3020:Archaeplastida
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2995:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2975:
2969:
2960:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2811:Dinoflagellata
2807:
2805:Chrompodellida
2802:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2725:
2716:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2634:Diaphoretickes
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2475:
2462:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2339:Mesomycetozoea
2336:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2275:Diaphoretickes
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:classification
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2177:External links
2175:
2173:
2172:
2118:
2067:
2048:(2): 332–372.
2030:
1995:
1960:(4): 577–581.
1944:
1895:
1834:
1819:(in Russian).
1807:
1758:
1735:
1714:(3): 215–227.
1690:
1630:
1611:(2): 297–354.
1588:
1544:
1501:
1472:(12): 1123–7.
1450:
1415:
1364:
1361:on 2009-04-20.
1345:
1278:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
977:
974:
973:
970:
969:
957:
952:
950:
945:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
928:
927:
924:
923:
919:
918:
915:
914:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
893:
892:
889:
888:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
856:
851:
849:
841:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
827:
826:
823:
822:
818:
817:
814:
813:
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
781:
776:
774:
772:Reticulofilosa
768:
767:
764:
763:
759:
758:
755:
754:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
730:
729:
726:
725:
718:
715:
714:
711:
710:
706:
705:
702:
701:
688:
685:
684:
681:
680:
676:
675:
672:
671:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
639:
634:
632:
627:
625:
620:
618:
613:
611:
603:
601:
593:
591:
583:
581:
573:
571:
563:
552:Cavalier-Smith
530:Rhizaria is a
527:
524:
473:Archaeplastida
469:Diaphoretickes
465:SAR supergroup
454:
451:
422:
419:
388:Cavalier-Smith
370:
369:
356:
347:
326:
323:
254:synapomorphies
243:Cavalier-Smith
229:in the phylum
204:
203:
202:
201:
196:
191:
183:
182:
178:
177:
173:Cavalier-Smith
165:
158:
157:
152:
145:
144:
139:
132:
131:
129:Diaphoretickes
126:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
95:
94:
86:Ammonia tepida
81:
80:
72:
71:
61:
54:
47:
40:
39:
32:Neoproterozoic
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4791:
4780:
4779:Infrakingdoms
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4428:
4427:Globigerinida
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4399:Globothalamea
4396:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4215:Sticholonchea
4212:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4180:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4012:Tectofilosida
4010:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:Phaeoconchida
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3912:Silicofilosea
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3861:Cercomonadida
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3786:Metromonadida
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3726:Chlorarachnea
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3711:Leucodictyida
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3642:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Stramenopiles
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3555:(major groups
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3459:¹traditional
3458:
3457:
3454:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Mantamonadida
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3326:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3238:
3237:Heterolobosea
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3229:Discicristata
3226:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3060:
3059:Viridiplantae
3056:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2980:Microheliella
2977:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2921:
2920:Actinophryida
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2831:Stramenopiles
2828:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Ichthyosporea
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2481:Rotosphaerida
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Apusomonadida
2441:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:Stramenopiles
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:(major groups
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:Proc Biol Sci
2134:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2011:(1): 75–109.
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1778:(3): R103–7.
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:(7): 807–12.
1652:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:(1): 255–66.
1560:
1556:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:Hydrobiologia
1419:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1094:Stramenopiles
1089:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:Sticholonchea
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
988:
986:
982:
976:
975:
972:
971:
968:
966:
962:
956:
955:
949:
948:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
926:
925:
917:
916:
913:
912:
911:
904:
903:
900:
899:
891:
890:
887:
885:
881:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
865:
861:
855:
854:
848:
845:
844:
838:
837:
834:
833:
825:
824:
816:
815:
812:
810:
806:
805:Chlorarachnea
800:
799:
796:
795:
792:
790:
786:
780:
779:
773:
770:
769:
766:
765:
757:
756:
753:
751:
747:
741:
740:
737:
736:
728:
727:
724:
723:
717:
716:
713:
712:
704:
703:
700:
698:
693:
687:
686:
683:
682:
674:
673:
670:
668:
664:
658:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
644:
638:
637:
631:
630:
624:
623:
617:
616:
610:
607:
606:
600:
597:
596:
590:
587:
586:
580:
577:
576:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
556:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Stramenopiles
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
420:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
375:
368:
364:
360:
357:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
338:
337:
336:
332:
324:
322:
318:
309:
298:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
237:, a cellular
236:
232:
228:
227:
222:
218:
215:
211:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
186:
184:
179:
174:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
96:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
73:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
33:
22:
19:
4608:
4550:paraphyletic
4520:Lapot gusevi
4518:
4510:
4479:Heterogromia
4477:
4468:Involutinida
4459:
4407:Textulariida
4389:Ammodiscidae
4379:Spirillinida
4360:Tubothalamea
4349:Reticulomyxa
4347:
4342:Astrorhizida
4331:Allogromiida
4322:Monothalamea
4312:Foraminifera
4266:Polycystinea
4251:Holocanthida
4148:Vampyrellida
4113:Haplosporida
4100:Ascetosporea
4090:Reticulosida
3995:Cryomonadida
3980:Phaeogromida
3975:Phaeocalpida
3965:Phaeocystida
3947:Thecofilosea
3902:Variglissida
3897:Marimonadida
3833:Sarcomonadea
3823:Ventrifilosa
3774:Metromonadea
3758:Monadofilosa
3701:Cryptofilida
3693:Granofilosea
3678:Aquavolonida
3614:Opisthokonta
3519:
3476:
3471:paraphyletic
3366:
3347:
3329:
3298:Malawimonada
3278:Anaeromonada
3273:Anaeramoebae
3265:
3241:
3218:Tsukubamonas
3216:
3138:
3131:
3122:Charophyceae
3109:
3102:
3095:Streptophyta
3082:
3066:
3046:
3042:Rhodelphidia
3000:Palpitomonas
2998:
2978:
2967:Pancryptista
2912:
2905:
2842:
2809:
2797:
2777:
2747:
2742:Foraminifera
2740:
2722:
2583:
2526:
2520:Tunicaraptor
2518:
2485:
2459:Opisthokonta
2395:
2324:Opisthokonta
2140:
2136:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1957:
1953:
1947:
1915:(4): 366–9.
1912:
1908:
1898:
1856:(8): e790–.
1853:
1847:
1837:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1693:
1650:
1646:
1633:
1608:
1604:
1591:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1469:
1463:
1453:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1359:the original
1348:
1300:(1): 4–119.
1297:
1291:
1281:
1246:
1242:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1182:Thecofilosea
1180:
1174:
1160:
1157:Foraminifera
1154:
1151:Sexual cycle
1112:
1092:
1035:
1015:
981:Polycystinea
979:
961:Foraminifera
959:
910:Lapot gusevi
908:
907:
878:
858:
803:
785:Granofilosea
783:
746:Metromonadea
744:
720:
692:Sarcomonadea
690:
663:Thecofilosea
661:
641:
609:Monadofilosa
578:
558:
554:
544:monophyletic
529:
504:paraphyletic
492:heterotrophy
485:
462:
439:Foraminifera
434:
424:
414:
403:Ascetosporea
400:
392:centrohelids
381:
378:Ascetosporea
371:
350:Foraminifera
334:
319:
247:
234:
224:
209:
207:
167:
161:
148:
135:
122:
91:Foraminifera
84:
18:
4633:Wikispecies
4583:fungus-like
4559:flagellates
4422:Carterinida
4417:Robertinida
4284:Spumellaria
4279:Nassellaria
4158:Phagomyxida
4141:Proteomyxia
4118:Mikrocytida
3716:Limnofilida
3671:Skiomonadea
3362:Chitinozoan
3288:Parabasalia
3140:Embryophyta
3104:Chlorokybus
3084:Chlorophyta
3032:Glaucophyta
3006:Cryptophyta
2896:Pirsoniales
2863:Bicosoecida
2844:Platysulcus
2817:Perkinsozoa
2799:Apicomplexa
2772:Colponemida
2539:Pluriformea
2408:Archamoebea
2397:Eumycetozoa
2083:: 416–423.
1823:(4): 3–34.
1817:Tsitologiia
1243:Protoplasma
1209:pseudopodia
471:along with
435:Reticularia
407:Mikrocytida
272:-supported
270:microtubule
214:unicellular
50:Proterozoic
4758:Categories
4485:Komokiacea
4369:Fusulinida
4274:Collodaria
4233:Acantharea
4223:Taxopodida
4205:Radiolaria
4153:Phytomyxea
4128:Paramyxida
4123:Paradinida
3955:Phaeodarea
3925:Euglyphida
3879:Imbricatea
3851:Katabiidae
3739:Minorisida
3443:Rigifilida
3342:Acritarchs
3267:Barthelona
3258:Metamonada
3243:Euglenozoa
3111:Mesostigma
3067:sensu lato
3048:Rhodophyta
2907:Ochrophyta
2868:Placidozoa
2779:Ciliophora
2749:Radiolaria
2666:Haptophyta
2561:Filasterea
2473:Holomycota
1768:"Rhizaria"
1431:(1): 1–7.
1355:"Rhizaria"
1219:References
1200:Phaeodarea
1176:Euglyphida
1017:Acantharea
860:Phytomyxea
643:Imbricatea
512:Alveolates
457:See also:
447:Radiolaria
374:Phytomyxea
359:Radiolaria
274:pseudopods
266:reticulose
239:slime mold
226:Paulinella
217:eukaryotes
4412:Rotaliida
4374:Miliolida
4077:Gromiidea
4069:Marimyxia
3991:Eothecia
3887:Krakenida
3804:Helkesida
3781:Metopiida
3683:Tremulida
3609:Amoebozoa
3587:Alveolata
3575:Cryptista
3550:Eukaryota
3283:Fornicata
3189:Excavates
2991:Cryptista
2914:Oomycetes
2891:Developea
2873:Sagenista
2760:Alveolata
2696:Telonemia
2571:Choanozoa
2448:Breviatea
2391:Tubulinea
2378:Amoebozoa
2319:Amoebozoa
2297:Alveolata
2285:Cryptista
2260:Eukaryota
2230:Eukaryote
1755:(4): 478.
1647:Curr Biol
1340:Q57086550
1314:1066-5234
1167:karyogamy
1114:Alveolata
880:Gromiidea
526:Phylogeny
520:Ediacaran
477:Cryptista
427:Rhizopoda
297:celestite
258:amoeboids
116:Eukaryota
30:650 Mya (
4764:Rhizaria
4663:10551303
4647:BioLib:
4639:Rhizaria
4618:Wikidata
4609:Rhizaria
4554:†extinct
4473:Lagenida
4289:Orodaria
4085:Gromiida
4060:Endomyxa
4005:Matazida
4000:Ebriacea
3796:Helkesea
3767:Eoglissa
3651:Cercozoa
3604:Amorphea
3582:Rhizaria
3570:Hacrobia
3560:Excavata
3545:Bacteria
3520:Rhizaria
3465:protists
3461:kingdoms
3349:Grypania
3311:Imasidae
3212:Jakobida
2736:Endomyxa
2731:Cercozoa
2723:Rhizaria
2653:Haptista
2585:Animalia
2528:Bicellum
2403:Variosea
2386:Discosea
2364:Amorphea
2314:Amorphea
2292:Rhizaria
2280:Hacrobia
2270:Excavata
2255:Bacteria
2183:Rhizaria
2167:21429931
2113:52982396
2105:30318266
2062:21295519
2025:18952499
1990:71148672
1982:30833757
1939:18522922
1890:17726520
1849:PLoS ONE
1802:24502779
1730:11558731
1685:17180719
1677:24656829
1625:11931142
1599:(2002).
1583:17174576
1539:27096370
1496:22608512
1410:15148395
1336:Wikidata
1332:30257078
1273:29666938
1081:Halvaria
847:Endomyxa
722:Helkesea
589:Cercozoa
579:Rhizaria
561:(2019).
536:Cercozoa
500:Protista
496:Protista
481:Haptista
443:Gromiida
396:Apusozoa
367:plankton
340:Cercozoa
231:Cercozoa
210:Rhizaria
194:Endomyxa
189:Cercozoa
168:Rhizaria
112:Domain:
24:Rhizaria
4624:Q855740
4563:amoebae
4189:Retaria
3619:Animals
3540:Archaea
3200:Discoba
3065:Plants
3037:Picozoa
2883:Gyrista
2790:Myzozoa
2643:Provora
2549:Filozoa
2505:Holozoa
2413:Cutosea
2329:Animals
2250:Archaea
2158:3107637
2085:Bibcode
2042:Protist
2005:Protist
1962:Bibcode
1930:2610160
1881:1949142
1858:Bibcode
1829:8328023
1780:Bibcode
1655:Bibcode
1563:Bibcode
1519:Bibcode
1474:Bibcode
1445:1387879
1323:6492006
1264:6133090
1205:amoebae
1171:meiosis
941:Retaria
548:classes
540:Retaria
488:animals
421:History
411:oysters
405:is the
363:axopods
354:benthos
308:calcite
282:loricas
199:Retaria
57:Archean
36:Present
4741:582420
4728:212476
4702:543769
4676:969913
4650:304536
3653:
3649:
3597:Plants
3534:Domain
3473:groups
2855:Bigyra
2429:Obazoa
2307:Plants
2244:Domain
2165:
2155:
2111:
2103:
2060:
2023:
1988:
1980:
1937:
1927:
1888:
1878:
1827:
1800:
1728:
1683:
1675:
1623:
1581:
1537:
1511:Nature
1494:
1443:
1408:
1401:419558
1398:
1338:
1330:
1320:
1312:
1271:
1261:
1213:gamete
1162:Gromia
599:Filosa
559:et al.
555:et al.
383:Gromia
325:Groups
306:), or
278:thecae
262:filose
181:Phyla
175:, 2002
4736:WoRMS
3624:Fungi
3425:CRuMs
2487:Fungi
2334:Fungi
2109:S2CID
1986:S2CID
1681:S2CID
1643:(PDF)
1441:S2CID
268:, or
260:with
162:Clade
149:Clade
136:Clade
123:Clade
4715:6929
4697:NCBI
4671:ITIS
3477:bold
2682:TSAR
2163:PMID
2101:PMID
2058:PMID
2037:>
2021:PMID
1978:PMID
1935:PMID
1886:PMID
1825:PMID
1798:PMID
1726:PMID
1673:PMID
1621:PMID
1579:PMID
1535:PMID
1492:PMID
1406:PMID
1378:PNAS
1328:PMID
1310:ISSN
1269:PMID
1197:and
1159:and
538:and
510:and
502:was
441:and
394:and
376:and
317:).
312:CaCO
301:SrSO
286:opal
250:rDNA
208:The
142:TSAR
64:Had.
43:Pha.
34:) -
4684:NBN
4658:EoL
2956:CAM
2712:SAR
2153:PMC
2145:doi
2141:278
2093:doi
2081:130
2050:doi
2046:162
2013:doi
2009:160
1970:doi
1925:PMC
1917:doi
1876:PMC
1866:doi
1788:doi
1716:doi
1663:doi
1613:doi
1571:doi
1527:doi
1515:532
1482:doi
1433:doi
1429:461
1396:PMC
1386:doi
1382:101
1318:PMC
1302:doi
1259:PMC
1251:doi
1247:255
1169:or
295:),
290:SiO
280:or
155:SAR
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