774:
910:
34 Kakatiya subordinates known from
Kakatiya inscriptions during the early part of Ganapati's reign (c. 1199-1230 CE), 47% were chiefs and princes, while 26% were officers. From Rudrama's reign, 63 subordinates are known: only 17% of these were chiefs and princes, while 38% were officers. This suggests that, during this period, the noble families declined while the importance of the officers grew. In the Kakatiya administration, the officers with the designation
202:, who had no son, appointed her as his co-regent around 1260. By 1263, Rudrama became the sole ruler, although she was not formally anointed as a sovereign at least until 1269. Early during her reign, Rudrama appears to have faced a revolt, which she was able to suppress with the support of her loyalists. She recovered some of the territories that the Kakatiyas had lost during the late 1250s and the early 1260s to their southern neighbours - the
596:, suggest that he achieved military successes against the ruler of Tilinga (Telangana), that is, the Kakatiya monarch. For example, they claim that Mahadeva was "the uprooter of the stalk of the lotus of the head" of the ruler of Tilinga, that he blew away this ruler like a strong wind blows away cotton, and that he "captured in battle the elephants and the five musical instruments" of this ruler. The
2253:
66:
676:. M. Somasekhara Sarma notes that the treasure cannot be considered to be a proof of Seuna presence in the Kakatiya country, as coins travel extensive distances; for example, Roman coins have been found in southern India because of trade. According to him, the coins may have been part of the war indemnity that the Seunas paid to Rudrama according to the
663:, this Sharnga-pani-deva is same as the Sharnga-pani-deva described in the 1268 CE Hire-Kogilur inscription as the father of Mahadeva. He theorizes that Mahadeva's father Sharnga-pani-deva seized Panagal during the Seuna invasion of the Kakatiya territory, and acknowledged her suzerainty after the Seuna defeat. However, historian
339:
her half-brothers killed. This account is not supported by any other evidence, and no other source mentions these purported sons of
Ganapati, or Ganapati having any sons. According to the Tripurantakam inscription of Ganapati's sister Mailama, Hari-hara was actually a paternal uncle of Ganapati. Though the historicity of the
1045:, Mummadamma married Mahadeva. Rudrama, the princess who shared her mother's name, married the Seuna (Yadava) prince Yellana-deva (or Ellana-deva), who held a fief near Guntur, as suggested by his Alapadu inscription. Ruyyama married the minister and commander Annaya-deva of Induluri family, who was a son of Gannaya.
357:, highlighting his role in the re-establishment of the Kakatiya power. It is Prasaditya's family chronicle, so it exaggerates his role in suppressing the rebellion against Rudrama. Several other chiefs assumed similar titles, which suggests that they may have also helped Rudrama suppress the rebellion. For example:
641:
inscription mentions
Rudrama's subordinate Bhairava of Sinda family, and states that he accompanied Rudrama as a commander of her army in all her expeditions. Bidar is located in the southern part of the traditional Seuna territory, and this inscription may have been issued during Rudrama's offensive
338:
states that two men named Hari-hara and Murari-deva revolted against
Rudrama. The text describes them as Ganapati's sons from his junior queens. It states that they captured the Kakatiya capital Warangal, and ousted Rudrama from there. Rudrama then rallied her supporters, recaptured the fort, and had
325:
region, no
Kakatiya records have been found for the period 1262-1278, which suggests that their former vassals - the Kona Haihaya and the Chalukya chiefs - no longer acknowledged the Kakatiya suzerainty. It is possible that the Kakatiya monarch granted autonomy to the Chalukyas of Nidadavolu, because
917:
The
Malayala and Recherla chiefs, who played an important role during the reigns of the preceding kings Rudra and Ganapati, appear to have retired from active service during Rudrama's reign. New chiefs, such as Reddis of Gona family and the Velamas, emerged as the important generals during her time.
909:
emperors adopted this policy as well. Epigraphic evidence suggests that during and after the later part of
Ganapati's reign, the number and proportion of officers (as opposed to chiefs and princes) among individuals acknowledging Kakatiya overlordship increased significantly. For example, out of the
764:
With these victories, Amba-deva carved out an independent principality that included almost all of the former south-western parts of the
Kakatiya territory to the south of the Krishna River. As a result, at the time of Rudrama's death, the Kakatiya kingdom was smaller than the one she had inherited;
901:
According to an early 14th-century text, Rudrama's father
Ganapati considered her equal to a son, and therefore, decided to use a male persona for her. Rudrama thus promoted a male image to rule in a patrilineal society that traditionally excluded women from political power: she assumed a male name
859:
as depictions of
Rudrama. The first sculpture shows her riding a horse with reins in her left hand and a sword in her right hand; it features an overhead umbrella - the royal insignia. The second sculpture shows her tired, seated sorrowfully, and leaning towards left; the royal umbrella is missing,
825:
These inscriptions suggest that Rudrama and her general Mallikarjuna died at the same time. According to historian P.V.P. Sastry, Rudrama was likely very old at the time - around eighty years - and therefore, probably did not lead her forces in a battle. However, she may have accompanied her army -
724:) in battle. These chiefs were probably Rudrama's subordinates, whom she sent to subjugate Amba-deva after his victory over Shripati Ganapati. The number 75 and the beheading claim are likely poetic exaggeration, and may be interpreted to mean that Amba-deva simply defeated the entire Kakatiya army.
846:
Amba-deva's revolt is the only political disturbance known to have taken place in the Kakatiya kingdom around 1289 CE. Besides claiming to have deprived Mallikarjuna of his overlord (one of the "limbs"), Amba-deva also claims to have "vanquished" all the kings of Andhra. This suggests that he was
1067:
Among the historical rulers of India, Rudrama was one of the few women who inherited the throne from her father. She was also among the most successful women rulers of medieval South Asia, by the length of her reign as well as by the area of her kingdom. The historical traditions written in the
518:
inscription of the Pandya prince Vikrama states that he did not march further north because he did not want to fight a woman who had assumed the name of a king. According to historians N. Venkataramanayya and M. Somasekhara Sarma, this may be euphemistic cover for his failed expedition against
245:, states that Rudrama was a daughter of Ganapati by queen Somamba. However, at another place in the same text, he incorrectly names Rudrama as the chief queen of Ganapati. Some other sources also incorrectly describe Rudrama as a wife of Ganapati, including the Venetian traveler
1029:. A sculpture discovered among the ruins of this structure depicts her as a lion-mounted warrior holding a dagger and a shield in her hands. The image also depicts an elephant holding a lotus in its trunk: according to historian P.V.P. Sastry, it represents Rudrama's title
1068:
centuries immediately following her death did not celebrate her as an important female monarch, and instead presented her as a widow queen who ruled on behalf of her infant son. However, in the 20th century, she became a source of regional pride in the
418:
Some early 14th-century chiefs, such as Devari Nayadu (fl. 1313-1317) and Kachaya Reddi, also bear similar titles, but they likely did not fight for Rudrama; they probably assumed these titles after fighting against the invasions from the
612:
describes the episode as follows: Mahadeva besieged the Kakatiya capital Warangal for 15 days, but Rudrama led the Kakatiya forces to destroy his 300,000 infantry and 100,000 cavalry. Rudrama then chased Mahadeva to the Seuna capital
765:
nevertheless, it was still larger than it had been during the early part of her father's reign. The distribution of inscriptions that mention her as sovereign suggests that the Kakatiya sphere of influence shrank during her reign.
264:. There are several instances of Kakatiya monarchs reinstating defeated families to power and establishing marital relations with them: it is possible that Ganapati had subjugated this Chalukya branch during his conquest of
312:
Epigraphic evidence suggests that in the 1260s, the Kakatiyas lost control of several territories that were part of Ganapati's kingdom at its greatest extent. The southernmost territories were lost to the Pandyas, parts of
883:(Prince) Rudra. However, the discovery of the Chandupatla inscription confirmed that Rudramadevi died before 27 November 1289. Moreover, some records before 1295 (such as the 1292 Inkirala inscription) call Prataparudra a
471:
king"). This suggest that they repulsed the Gajapati invasion. Their army appears to have re-established the Kakatiya authority in much of the coastal Andhra region, with the Gajapati power restricted to the north of the
632:
claims, such as Rudrama's purported destruction of the 300,000 infantry and 100,000 cavalry, are obvious exaggerations. However, epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that Rudrama indeed repulsed a Seuna invasion:
689:
Members of the Kayastha family, who held a fief in the southern part of the Kakatiya kingdom, appear to have been loyal to Rudrama during the tenure of the brothers Janniga-dev and Tripurari-deva. Their younger brother
600:
claims that Mahadeva left Rudrama free because he was reluctant to kill a woman. The epithet "the uprooter of the stalk of the lotus of the head" appears to be a hereditary title inherited from his great-grandfather
1014:, which were 40–60 feet on a side. She also commissioned the construction of an outer earthen wall, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) in diameter, and surrounded by an additional 150 150 feet (46 m)-wide moat.
953:
Bhairava, son of Maila of Sinda family, was a vassal of Rudrama. According to the Bidar inscription, he assisted the queen in her successful military campaigns in Vengi, Dravila, and the Seuna kingdom.
837:, appears to be same as Rudrama's general Mallikarjuna. In this context, the "seven limbs" appear to refer to the seven constituent members of Mallikarjuna's royalty, defined in the Sanskrit thesaurus
760:
Amba-deva also defeated the Pandya ruler Maravarman Kulashekhara, and his allies, the Kalukada chiefs. He established a marital alliance with a chief named Bollaya, and conquered the Pendekallu area.
931:
The Kayastha brothers Janniga-deva, Tripurantaka (alias Tripurari), and Amba-deva, who ruled in succession. Amba-deva appears to have been loyal to Rudrama for some time, as suggested by his title
572:
ruler Manuma-siddhi II, appears to have displaced Naga-deva from Nellore in 1263. He apparently ruled Nellore during c. 1279-1283, before another Choda chief Manuma-Gandagopala displaced him.
1992:
847:
responsible for killing Rudrama: according to Sastry, he did not explicitly state that he killed Rudrama, because boasting about killing an old woman would have discredited him as a warrior.
499:, and their vassals ruled this area in the subsequent years. The 1264 CE and 1269 CE inscriptions of Rudrama's Kayastha subordinate Janniga-deva claim that he ruled the area extending from
698:("a pillar of support for the kingdom"). However, his inscriptions do not mention any overlord, which suggests that he soon asserted independence, giving up his allegiance to Rudrama.
667:
theorizes that Sharnga-pani-deva (or Sarjnapani-deva) of the Panugal inscription was another Seuna prince who sought asylum with the Kakatiyas because of his differences with Mahadeva.
545:
also attests to Janniga-deva's control over the area. Although the inscription is damaged, and the name of the issuer is lost, his titles and date indicate that he was Janniga-deva.
309:, meaning "chose royalty"). This suggests that in 1269, Ganapati was alive and Rudrama had not formally been anointed as a sovereign: officially, she was still a queen designate.
925:
The Reddi chiefs of the Gona family: Gona Gannaya and his general Vitthala helped Rudrama's successor Prataparudra conquer the Bellary and Raichur forts from the Seunas.
507:
in the south; Ganapati had conferred this area as a fief upon him. However, epigraphic evidence suggests that much of this area was controlled by Pandya allies: the
879:, the Kakatiya forces defeated Amba-deva. Earlier historians believed that Rudramadevi ruled until 1295, because some records before this year name Prataparudra as
757:
ruler of the Eruva region, and annexed his territories. Although Manu-Mallideva's inscriptions do not mention any overlord, he may have been a Kakatiya subordinate.
280:, in the late 1250s. He had no male heir, and nominated Rudrama as his successor. She began to rule as a co-regent from c. 1260 under the regnal name Rudra-deva
1010:, approximately 0.75 miles (1.21 km) in diameter, to 20 feet (6.1 m). This wall was made of granite blocks, was surrounded by a wide moat, and had 45
487:
at Draksharamam. Epigraphic evidence suggests that the Kakatiya control of the coastal Andhra region remained unchallenged during the rest of Rudrama's reign.
479:
The Kakatiya rule in the region is attested by a 1278-1279 CE inscription of Karaparti Suraya Reddi, who describes himself as a servant of Kakatiya Rudradeva
655:
inscription of the Seuna prince Sharnga-pani-deva records a gift to the temple of Chhaya-Somanatha. The inscription describes him as a son of the Seuna king
2285:
608:
The records from Telangana suggest that Rudrama not only repulsed the Seuna invasion, but also annexed a part of their territory. The 17th-century text
460:
around 1274 CE, as attested by his two inscriptions at Draksharamam. Arjuna-deva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi, as well as other chiefs, accompanied him.
902:
and wore masculine clothing. Her husband Vira-bhadra finds few mentions in historical records and did not actively participate in the administration.
286:. Ganapati probably became too old and weak to govern, and assigned Rudrama to run the government. She appears to have become the sole ruler in 1263.
1121:
2002:
1798:
301:
Ganapati-deva as the ruling sovereign, not Rudrama. The 1269 CE Duggi inscription of the Kakatiya subordinate Janniga-deva describes Rudrama as
2429:
773:
2469:
2459:
2191:
2089:
2066:
1152:
268:
in 1240. He probably arranged Rudrama's marriage shortly after, in order to secure the political allegiance of the Chalukyas of Nidadavolu.
2454:
241:, also known as Rudramba, was a daughter of her predecessor King Ganapati-deva. Kumara-svami Somapithi, in his commentary on Vidyanatha's
334:
It appears that some nobles and Rudrama's own relatives did not approve of a woman being nominated to the throne. The 17th-century text
2024:
463:
Rudrama sent an army led by the brothers Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka against the Gajapati forces. The two brothers assumed the titles
2464:
1041:
Rudrama and her husband Vira-bhadra had three daughters: Mummadamma, Rudrama, and Ruyyama (alias Ruyyamba). According to Vidyanatha's
2212:
2162:
2120:
225:
The reign of Rudrama was remarkable for the rise of several non-aristocratic warriors in the Kakatiya service. She strengthened the
785:
Rudrama appears to have been killed in November 1289 CE by Amba-deva's forces. This theory is supported by the following evidence:
568:
appears to have displaced the Kayasthas. Tiru-kalatti-deva II (alias Tribhuvana-chakravarti Irumadi), the eldest son of the former
526:
and Nellore areas, suggest that Kakatiyas regained control over some of the territory that they had earlier lost to the Pandyas:
564:
The Kakatiya subordinates soon lost these territories to rival chiefs, who were probably Pandya vassals. The Telugu Choda chief
2444:
905:
Rudrama recruited several non-aristocratic warriors into the Kakatiya service: her successor Prataparudra as well as the later
214:
from the north-east. In the 1270s and the 1280s, Rudrama lost much of her southern territory to a revolt by the Kayastha chief
872:, the lord of death. According to Babu's interpretation, the sculptures depict Rudrama's death in a battle against Amba-deva.
2449:
2439:
2434:
2141:
852:
495:
Towards the end of the Ganapati's reign the Pandyas had conquered the southernmost part of the Kakatiya territory, including
914:(bodyguard) first appeared during Rudrama's rule, and virtually disappeared during the reign of her successor Prataparudra.
660:
950:
Gopa-deva-raja, a military commander mentioned in the 1273 CE Gundalapadu inscription, was another chief of Are ancestry.
1007:
694:, who became the Kayastha chief in 1272, appears to have been loyal to Rudrama for some time, as suggested by his title
2390:
2384:
818:, attests that Mallikarjuna was a general of Rudrama; this inscription was issued for the merit of "Kumara Rudra-deva
199:
169:
87:
2278:
605:, who is known to have killed a Kakatiya king. Other claims made in the Seuna inscriptions are clear exaggerations.
2424:
652:
500:
253:. However, contemporary epigraphic evidence makes it clear that Rudrama was a daughter of Ganapati, not his wife.
2271:
705:
inscription, records his military successes, including his victories over the feudatories and allies of Rudrama.
588:
invaded the Kakatiya kingdom during Rudrama's reign. The Seuna records, including Mahadeva's inscriptions and
2257:
2323:
2222:
1107:
664:
484:
40:
581:
548:
Epigraphic evidence suggests that the Kakatiyas also ousted the Pandya vassal Vira Rajendra Chola (likely
207:
2151:
N. Venkataramanayya; M. Somasekhara Sarma (1960). "The Kakatiyas of Warangal". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.).
642:
against the Seunas, in the Bedadakota (present-day Bidar) area. The inscription mentions her title as
2474:
2186:. Vol. 4 (Part 1) (1987 reprint ed.). Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
585:
946:. Sharnga-pani-deva, a son of the Seuna king Simhana, was the most important Are vassal of Rudrama.
793:
inscription records warrior Puvvula Mummadi's gift of some land to the god Soma-natha-deva, for the
1088:
33:
2100:
1142:
1997:
1099:
565:
549:
467:("lion to the rutting elephant") and Oddiyaraya-manamardana ("the destroyer of the pride of the
2232:
2208:
2187:
2168:
2158:
2137:
2131:
2116:
2085:
2062:
1148:
1052:
alias Vira-rudra as her own son. Rudrama did so, and nominated Prataparudra as her successor.
938:
The Are vassals migrated from western Deccan to the Srisailam area, which came to be known as
732:
453:
444:
region, which was a part of Ganapati's kingdom at its greatest extent. For example, a 1262 CE
2077:
659:
and a subordinate of the Kakatiya Manuma-Rudradeva, that is, Rudrama. According to historian
621:, and concluded a peace treaty. Rudrama distributed the money among her commanders, set up a
2294:
2108:
928:
The Velama chief Prasaditya, who commanded the south-western region of the Kakatiya kingdom.
794:
211:
159:
2112:
869:
833:
of seven limbs. This Mallikarjuna, whom the inscription describes as an enemy of gods and
538:
of Rudrama's subordinate Janniga-deva, records a gift to the temple of Samuya-natha-svami.
420:
276:
Ganapati apparently retired after suffering defeats at his southern frontier, against the
1048:
Since queen Rudrama had no son, her father Ganapati asked her to adopt Mummadamma's son
672:
In 1922, a set of 43 gold coins issued by Seuna kings was unearthed at Rachapatnam near
1093:
1069:
967:
The chiefs of the Cheraku family served as Rudrama's commanders in the southern region.
747:
622:
569:
473:
441:
314:
290:
192:
343:
account is doubtful, it probably preserves the memory of a rebellion against Rudrama.
2418:
1026:
1003:
861:
754:
702:
618:
321:, and parts of Telangana in the north-west were lost to the Seunas (Yadavas). In the
226:
195:
in southern India. She was among the few successful female rulers in Indian history.
893:
Rudra for some years after ascending the throne, because this was a familiar usage.
2402:
1049:
906:
876:
445:
219:
97:
2180:
N. Venkataramanayya; P.V.P. Sastry (1957). "The Kākatīyas". In R.S. Sharma (ed.).
2226:
2202:
2181:
2152:
2056:
1112:
which pictured the childhood of Rudramadevi to the TV viewers for 100 episodes.
1084:
790:
778:
515:
326:
Vira-bhadra of this family was Rudrama's husband; however, this is not certain.
135:
110:
2133:
Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra
746:
Sometime before 1281, Amba-deva appointed Manuma Ganda-gopala on the throne of
229:
by raising its inner wall and constructing an outer wall surrounded by a moat.
1080:
1056:
856:
839:
829:
Amba-deva's 1290 CE Tripurantakam inscription states he deprived Mallikarjuna-
638:
542:
261:
246:
2236:
1055:
Rudrama had a sister named Ganapama-devi (or Ganapamba), who married Beta of
617:; there, Mahadeva sued for peace, agreed to pay her 10 million gold coins as
249:(who visited the Kakatiya kingdom around 1293 CE), and the 17th-century text
2378:
2355:
2317:
2172:
1073:
1022:
673:
483:, that is, Rudrama. His inscription records a gift to the temple of the god
437:
318:
188:
115:
218:, and likely lost her life in a conflict against him in 1289. Her grandson
2252:
436:
Epigraphic evidence suggests that during much of the 1260s and 1270s, the
397:
The Malayala chief Gundaya-nayaka and Madaya-nayaka assumed the epithets (
2361:
2331:
1103:
885:
714:
710:
691:
614:
531:
508:
389:
282:
215:
814:
A 1290 CE inscription, issued by Mallikarjuna's son Immadi Mallikarjuna-
709:
In 1273, he defeated the Shripati Ganapati, the ruler of the Gurindala (
452:("Narasimha, the lord of men"), who was most probably the Gajapati king
65:
2349:
2343:
1011:
834:
797:
of Rudrama (called "Kakati Rudrama-devi") and her general Mallikarjuna-
740:
656:
602:
589:
504:
496:
277:
257:
203:
154:
17:
2337:
865:
811:, that is, died, presumably a few days before the date of the record.
523:
468:
2157:. Vol. IX: The Kākatīyas of Warangal. Oxford University Press.
1860:
1858:
960:) of the Viriyala family, served the queen as a military commander (
889:("great king"). It appears that Prataparudra continued to be called
2263:
843:
as "king, minister, friend, treasury, territory, forts and forces".
803:
772:
457:
353:(Sanskrit for "a pillar of support for the Kakatiya kingdom") and
322:
265:
256:
Rudrama married Vira-bhadra, a son of Indu-shekhara, the Chalukya
187:, was a Kakatiya queen who ruled substantial parts of present-day
1939:
1937:
1422:
1420:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1522:
1520:
1483:
1481:
1468:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1279:
1277:
807:
522:
Inscriptions of Rudrama and her subordinates, discovered in the
238:
2267:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1833:
1831:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1240:
1238:
1180:
1178:
1176:
2204:
A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1799:"Two sculptures of Rani Rudrama Devi shed light on her death"
1662:
1660:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1296:
1294:
1292:
860:
presumably because she lost it in the battle; and there is a
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
717:
inscription suggests that Ganapati was a vassal of Rudrama.
511:
chiefs Keshava-deva and his brother Raya-murari Soma-deva.
978:) Annaya-deva of Induluri family was Rudrama's son-in-law.
743:
vassal who was also possibly a Kakatiya ally at the time.
727:
Amba-deva claims to have caused his destruction or ruin (
625:
in the Seuna territory, and returned to her own kingdom.
560:, a vassal of Rudrama, ruled at Nellore during 1271-1275.
2101:"Rudrama-devi, Queen of Kakatiya dynasty (r. 1262–1289)"
27:
Queen-Regnant of the Kakatiya Kingdom from 1262 to 1289
1849:
361:
The following Kakatiya subordinates assumed the title
1147:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 612.
875:
Around 1291, during the reign of Rudrama's successor
720:
Amba-deva claims to have cut off heads of 75 chiefs (
2080:. In Barbara N. Ramusack; Sharon L. Sievers (eds.).
2371:
2301:
1876:
365:in their inscriptions dating from 1275 to 1290 CE:
180:(r. c. 1262 - 1289), also known by her regnal name
165:
153:
134:
122:
103:
93:
83:
75:
51:
855:identified two sculptures at Pochalamma temple in
2105:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
1144:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History
440:from the north-east maintained a presence in the
1955:
2183:A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206
2154:The Early History of the Deccan Parts VII - XI
1888:
1864:
1724:
1712:
1695:
1683:
1639:
1622:
1586:
1569:
1526:
1511:
1487:
1472:
1457:
1438:
1411:
1380:
1363:
1338:
1283:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1196:
1167:
781:inscription that mentions the death of Rudrama
2279:
1967:
1905:
1837:
1822:
1784:
1772:
1755:
1736:
1651:
1557:
1392:
1208:
1184:
456:. Bhanudeva I, the son of Narasimha, invaded
432:Conflict with the Gajapatis in coastal Andhra
8:
826:commanded by Mallikarjuna - to inspire them.
491:Conflicts with the Pandyas and their vassals
2231:. Hyderabad: Government of Andhra Pradesh.
1993:"Anushka to do a Tamil-Telugu period film?"
1979:
1943:
1928:
1666:
1605:
1545:
1499:
1426:
1319:
1300:
1229:
801:. It states that both of them had attained
2286:
2272:
2264:
921:Notable subordinates of Rudrama included:
349:states that Prasaditya assumed the titles
64:
48:
2082:Women in Asia: Restoring Women to History
2058:The Art and Architecture of the Kākatīyas
2107:. Vol. 3. Oxford University Press.
2025:"Rani Rudrama Devi to begin on Star Maa"
1122:History of women in early modern warfare
851:In 2017, archaeologist D. Kanna Babu of
2358:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1108-1116)
2352:alias Tribhuvanamalla (r. c. 1076-1108)
1133:
1002:Rudrama continued the fortification of
753:Amba-deva defeated Manu-Mallideva, the
646:, which she inherited from her father.
222:succeeded her on the Kakatiya throne.
131:
39:. For the 2021 television series, see
1797:K. Venkateshwarlu (5 December 2017).
206:. She also repulsed invasions by the
7:
2113:10.1093/acref/9780195148909.001.0001
541:The 1268 CE Atluru inscription near
2340:alias Garuda Beta (r. c. 996-1051)
981:Ponkala Mallaya Preggada, another
935:, before he asserted independence.
371:Kannara-nayaka (or Kandara-nayaka)
25:
2334:alias Pindi-Gunda (r. c. 955-995)
1092:on the life of Rudrama Devi with
198:Rudrama's father and predecessor
2251:
2001:. 6 October 2012. Archived from
407:Machaya Nayaka bore the epithet
377:Ganapati-deva (or Ganapad-deva)
297:Pedda Mallaya Preggada mentions
70:A 21st century statue of Rudrama
2055:B. Satyanarayana Singh (1999).
2207:. Cambridge University Press.
1021:dedicated to her family deity
853:Archaeological Survey of India
351:Kakatiya-rajya-sthapan-acharya
1:
2430:Women in 13th-century warfare
713:or Gurijala) area. A 1268 CE
534:inscription of Nagaraja, the
317:in the east were lost to the
210:from the north-west, and the
2470:People from Nellore district
2460:13th-century Indian monarchs
2103:. In Bonnie G. Smith (ed.).
2084:. Indiana University Press.
2076:Barbara N. Ramusack (1999).
2061:. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan.
465:Gajapati-matta-matanga-simha
293:inscription of the Kakatiya
2455:13th-century queens regnant
2314:Gunda II (r. c. ?-865)
2136:. Oxford University Press.
1850:B. Satyanarayana Singh 1999
1006:by raising the height of a
989:, the superintendent of 72
243:Prataparudra-yashobhushanam
2491:
2225:(1978). N. Ramesan (ed.).
1096:playing the titular role.
1043:Prataparudra-Yashobhushana
31:
2465:13th-century Indian women
2228:The Kākatiyas of Warangal
2201:Richard M. Eaton (2005).
1141:Smith, Bonnie G. (2008).
964:) in the northern region.
141:
130:
63:
56:
1877:Barbara N. Ramusack 1999
576:Conflict with the Seunas
2130:Cynthia Talbot (2001).
2099:Cynthia Talbot (2008).
987:bahattara-niyogadhipati
383:Nisshanka Mallikarjuna
32:For the 2015 film, see
2445:Queens regnant in Asia
782:
684:
413:svami-vamchakara-ganda
2450:Indian female royalty
2440:Indian queens regnant
2435:Indian women warriors
2311:Gunda I (r. c. 815-?)
2308:Venna (r. c. 800-815)
2078:"Women in South Asia"
1956:Richard M. Eaton 2005
1102:produced a serial on
1037:Family and succession
1025:-deva (Shiva) in the
985:, held the office of
789:The 27 November 1289
776:
448:inscription mentions
2260:at Wikimedia Commons
1698:, pp. 629, 632.
933:raya-sthapan-acharya
701:Amba-deva's 1290 CE
661:M. Somasekhara Sarma
450:Nara-simha-naradhipa
363:Raya-sthapan-acharya
79:1262 – November 1289
1946:, pp. 225–226.
1889:Cynthia Talbot 2001
1867:, pp. 612–613.
1865:Cynthia Talbot 2008
1825:, pp. 129–130.
1787:, pp. 125–126.
1725:Cynthia Talbot 2001
1713:Cynthia Talbot 2008
1696:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1684:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1640:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1623:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1587:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1570:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1560:, pp. 121–122.
1527:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1514:, pp. 625–626.
1512:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1488:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1473:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1458:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1441:, pp. 624–625.
1439:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1429:, pp. 214–218.
1412:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1381:Cynthia Talbot 2001
1364:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1339:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1284:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1269:Cynthia Talbot 2001
1259:, pp. 620–621.
1257:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1245:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1199:, pp. 155–156.
1197:Cynthia Talbot 2001
1168:Ghulam Yazdani 1960
1079:In 2015, filmmaker
993:s or royal offices.
696:raya-sthapanacharya
566:Vijaya Ganda-gopala
409:svami-drohara-ganda
403:svami-drohara-ganda
1998:The Times of India
1968:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1906:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1838:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1823:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1785:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1773:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1756:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1739:, p. 125-126.
1737:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1652:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1572:, p. 626-627.
1558:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1502:, p. 219-220.
1393:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1209:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1185:P.V.P. Sastry 1978
1100:Peninsula Pictures
1072:(later split into
1063:In popular culture
783:
685:Amba-deva's revolt
550:Rajendra Chola III
392:of Kayastha family
2425:Kakatiya monarchs
2412:
2411:
2405:(r. c. 1289-1323)
2403:Prataparudra-deva
2399:(r. c. 1262-1289)
2393:(r. c. 1199-1262)
2387:(r. c. 1196-1199)
2381:(r. c. 1158-1195)
2364:(r. c. 1116-1157)
2346:(r. c. 1052-1076)
2320:(died before 900)
2256:Media related to
2193:978-81-7007-121-1
2091:978-0-25321-267-2
2068:978-81-86050-34-7
2031:. 16 January 2021
1154:978-0-19-514890-9
974:) and commander (
554:Mahamandaleshvara
175:
174:
149:
148:
16:(Redirected from
2482:
2302:Feudatory chiefs
2295:Kakatiya dynasty
2288:
2281:
2274:
2265:
2255:
2240:
2218:
2197:
2176:
2147:
2126:
2095:
2072:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1989:
1983:
1980:R.S. Sharma 1957
1977:
1971:
1965:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1944:R.S. Sharma 1957
1941:
1932:
1929:R.S. Sharma 1957
1926:
1909:
1903:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1670:
1667:R.S. Sharma 1957
1664:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1626:
1620:
1609:
1606:R.S. Sharma 1957
1603:
1590:
1584:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1546:R.S. Sharma 1957
1543:
1530:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1500:R.S. Sharma 1957
1497:
1491:
1485:
1476:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1427:R.S. Sharma 1957
1424:
1415:
1409:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1367:
1361:
1342:
1336:
1323:
1320:R.S. Sharma 1957
1317:
1304:
1301:R.S. Sharma 1957
1298:
1287:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1230:R.S. Sharma 1957
1227:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1138:
1031:Raya-gaja-kesari
1017:Rudrama built a
678:Pratapa-charitra
644:Raya-gaja-kesari
630:Pratapa-charitra
610:Pratapa-charitra
552:) from Nellore.
503:in the north to
355:Raya-pitamahanka
347:Pratapa-charitra
341:Pratapa-charitra
336:Pratapa-charitra
251:Pratapa-charitra
208:Seunas (Yadavas)
132:
107:November 1289 CE
68:
58:Raya-gaja-kesari
49:
21:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2367:
2297:
2292:
2248:
2243:
2221:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2179:
2165:
2150:
2144:
2129:
2123:
2098:
2092:
2075:
2069:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1912:
1904:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1762:
1754:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1711:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1682:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1621:
1612:
1604:
1593:
1585:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1533:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1370:
1362:
1345:
1337:
1326:
1318:
1307:
1299:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1118:
1065:
1039:
1000:
956:Sura, a chief (
899:
771:
687:
578:
493:
434:
429:
421:Delhi Sultanate
332:
305:(a mistake for
274:
235:
113:
108:
71:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2247:
2246:External links
2244:
2242:
2241:
2219:
2213:
2198:
2192:
2177:
2163:
2148:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2096:
2090:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2016:
2005:on 9 July 2013
1984:
1982:, p. 226.
1972:
1970:, p. 122.
1960:
1948:
1933:
1931:, p. 225.
1910:
1908:, p. 127.
1893:
1891:, p. 158.
1881:
1869:
1854:
1842:
1840:, p. 129.
1827:
1815:
1789:
1777:
1775:, p. 126.
1760:
1758:, p. 125.
1741:
1729:
1727:, p. 134.
1717:
1715:, p. 612.
1700:
1688:
1686:, p. 633.
1671:
1669:, p. 222.
1656:
1654:, p. 124.
1644:
1642:, p. 631.
1627:
1625:, p. 630.
1610:
1608:, p. 221.
1591:
1589:, p. 629.
1574:
1562:
1550:
1548:, p. 220.
1531:
1529:, p. 626.
1516:
1504:
1492:
1490:, p. 625.
1477:
1475:, p. 628.
1462:
1460:, p. 627.
1443:
1431:
1416:
1414:, p. 624.
1397:
1395:, p. 119.
1385:
1383:, p. 159.
1368:
1366:, p. 622.
1343:
1341:, p. 623.
1324:
1322:, p. 224.
1305:
1303:, p. 219.
1288:
1286:, p. 621.
1273:
1271:, p. 273.
1261:
1249:
1247:, p. 615.
1234:
1232:, p. 218.
1213:
1211:, p. 112.
1201:
1189:
1187:, p. 128.
1172:
1170:, p. 620.
1160:
1153:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1117:
1114:
1094:Anushka Shetty
1070:Andhra Pradesh
1064:
1061:
1038:
1035:
999:
996:
995:
994:
979:
968:
965:
954:
951:
936:
929:
926:
898:
897:Administration
895:
849:
848:
844:
827:
823:
812:
770:
767:
762:
761:
758:
751:
744:
725:
718:
686:
683:
682:
681:
669:
668:
648:
647:
637:A fragmentary
623:victory pillar
582:Seuna (Yadava)
577:
574:
562:
561:
546:
539:
492:
489:
474:Godavari River
442:coastal Andhra
433:
430:
428:
425:
416:
415:
405:
395:
394:
393:
387:
381:
372:
331:
328:
315:coastal Andhra
291:Tripuranthakam
273:
270:
234:
231:
193:Andhra Pradesh
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
151:
150:
147:
146:
139:
138:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2487:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:Ganapati-deva
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2223:P.V.P. Sastry
2220:
2216:
2214:9780521254847
2210:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2164:9788170691259
2160:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2122:9780195148909
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2030:
2029:Telugu Cinema
2026:
2020:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1958:, p. 17.
1957:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1879:, p. 37.
1878:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:Warangal Fort
1024:
1020:
1019:ranga-mandapa
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
998:Constructions
997:
992:
988:
984:
983:maha-pradhana
980:
977:
973:
972:maha-pradhana
969:
966:
963:
959:
955:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
924:
923:
922:
919:
915:
913:
912:anga-rakshaka
908:
903:
896:
894:
892:
888:
887:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
858:
854:
845:
842:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:
786:
780:
775:
768:
766:
759:
756:
752:
749:
745:
742:
738:
734:
733:Kopperunjinga
730:
726:
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
707:
706:
704:
703:Tripurantakam
699:
697:
693:
679:
675:
671:
670:
666:
665:P.V.P. Sastry
662:
658:
654:
650:
649:
645:
640:
636:
635:
634:
631:
626:
624:
620:
619:war indemnity
616:
611:
606:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
573:
571:
567:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
528:
527:
525:
520:
517:
512:
510:
506:
505:Kaivaram-kota
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
482:
477:
475:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
426:
424:
422:
414:
410:
406:
404:
400:
396:
391:
388:
386:
382:
380:
376:
375:Maha-pradhana
373:
370:
369:Maha-pradhana
367:
366:
364:
360:
359:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
337:
329:
327:
324:
320:
316:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:maha-pradhana
292:
287:
285:
284:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
230:
228:
227:Warangal Fort
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
185:
179:
171:
170:Ganapati-deva
168:
164:
161:
158:
156:
152:
145:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:(present-day
112:
106:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
88:Ganapati-deva
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
62:
59:
55:
50:
45:
43:
38:
36:
30:
19:
2397:Rudrama-devi
2396:
2258:Rudrama Devi
2227:
2203:
2182:
2153:
2132:
2104:
2081:
2057:
2048:Bibliography
2033:. Retrieved
2028:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
2003:the original
1996:
1987:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1884:
1872:
1852:, p. 3.
1845:
1818:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:
1792:
1780:
1732:
1720:
1691:
1647:
1565:
1553:
1507:
1495:
1434:
1388:
1264:
1252:
1204:
1192:
1163:
1143:
1136:
1108:
1098:
1089:Rudhramadevi
1087:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1050:Prataparudra
1047:
1042:
1040:
1030:
1018:
1016:
1008:curtain wall
1001:
990:
986:
982:
975:
971:
961:
957:
947:
943:
939:
932:
920:
916:
911:
907:Vijayanagara
904:
900:
890:
884:
880:
877:Prataparudra
874:
850:
838:
830:
819:
815:
802:
798:
784:
777:The 1289 CE
763:
755:Telugu Choda
736:
728:
721:
700:
695:
688:
677:
643:
629:
627:
609:
607:
598:Vrata-khanda
597:
594:Vrata-khanda
593:
579:
563:
557:
553:
535:
530:The 1264 CE
521:
513:
494:
480:
478:
464:
462:
449:
446:Draksharamam
435:
417:
412:
408:
402:
398:
384:
378:
374:
368:
362:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
335:
333:
311:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:The 1266 CE
288:
281:
275:
255:
250:
242:
236:
224:
220:Prataparudra
197:
183:
181:
178:Rudrama Devi
177:
176:
143:
109:Possibly at
98:Prataparudra
57:
52:Rudrama-devi
41:
35:Rudhramadevi
34:
29:
2475:1289 deaths
2009:24 November
1109:Rudramadevi
1085:Telugu film
1057:Kota family
976:senadhipati
962:senadhipati
840:Amara-ksoha
791:Chandupatla
779:Chandupatla
737:Kadava-raya
516:Chidambaram
514:An undated
485:Bhimeshvara
454:Narasimha I
307:pattoddhrti
303:pattoddhati
182:Rudra-deva
142:Rudra-deva
136:Regnal name
111:Chandupatla
84:Predecessor
44:(TV series)
42:Rudramadevi
2419:Categories
2372:Sovereigns
2143:0195136616
2035:16 January
1128:References
1081:Gunasekhar
970:Minister (
857:Bollikunta
651:A 1267 CE
639:Bidar Fort
556:Naga-deva
543:Siddavatam
379:Maharajulu
262:Nidadavolu
247:Marco Polo
233:Early life
126:Virabhadra
2356:Durgaraja
2318:Gunda III
2237:252341228
1803:The Hindu
1074:Telangana
1023:Svayambhu
940:Are-bhumi
835:brahmanas
729:vidhvamsa
692:Amba-deva
674:Kaikaluru
519:Rudrama.
438:Gajapatis
390:Amba-deva
319:Gajapatis
272:Ascension
216:Amba-deva
212:Gajapatis
189:Telangana
116:Telangana
94:Successor
2385:Mahadeva
2362:Prola II
2332:Gunda IV
2173:59001459
1116:See also
1104:Star Maa
1012:bastions
1004:Warangal
944:Are-vidu
886:Maharaja
820:Maharaja
711:Gurazala
615:Devagiri
586:Mahadeva
558:Maharaja
536:pradhani
532:Nandalur
509:Kalukada
481:Maharaja
299:Maharaja
283:Maharaja
237:Rudrama-
200:Ganapati
184:Maharaja
160:Kakatiya
144:Maharaja
118:, India)
2350:Beta II
2344:Prola I
1808:1 April
1106:titled
1083:made a
958:samanta
866:vehicle
862:buffalo
748:Nellore
722:nayakas
715:Mutukur
657:Simhana
653:Panugal
603:Jaitugi
590:Hemadri
501:Panugal
497:Nellore
330:Revolts
278:Pandyas
258:samanta
204:Pandyas
155:Dynasty
18:Rudrama
2338:Beta I
2328:Betiya
2235:
2211:
2190:
2171:
2161:
2140:
2119:
2088:
2065:
1151:
991:niyoga
948:Ranaka
891:Kumara
881:Kumara
864:- the
816:nayaka
799:nayaka
741:Pandya
735:alias
524:Kadapa
399:biruda
385:Nayaka
166:Father
123:Spouse
37:(film)
2379:Rudra
804:Shiva
795:merit
769:Death
731:) of
584:king
570:Choda
458:Vengi
427:Reign
323:Vengi
266:Vengi
76:Reign
2324:Erra
2233:OCLC
2209:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2169:OCLC
2159:ISBN
2138:ISBN
2117:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2037:2021
2011:2012
1810:2023
1149:ISBN
870:Yama
831:pati
808:loka
739:, a
628:The
580:The
469:Odia
411:and
239:devi
191:and
104:Died
2109:doi
1076:).
942:or
868:of
592:'s
260:of
2421::
2167:.
2115:.
2027:.
1995:.
1936:^
1913:^
1896:^
1857:^
1830:^
1801:.
1763:^
1744:^
1703:^
1674:^
1659:^
1630:^
1613:^
1594:^
1577:^
1534:^
1519:^
1480:^
1465:^
1446:^
1419:^
1400:^
1371:^
1346:^
1327:^
1308:^
1291:^
1276:^
1237:^
1216:^
1175:^
1059:.
1033:.
822:".
476:.
423:.
401:)
2287:e
2280:t
2273:v
2239:.
2217:.
2196:.
2175:.
2146:.
2125:.
2111::
2094:.
2071:.
2039:.
2013:.
1812:.
1157:.
806:-
750:.
680:.
46:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
