975:
2364:
2353:
1203:
Schmitz, B.; Pujalte, V.; Molina, E.; Monechi, S.; Orue-Etxebarria, X.; Speijer, R. P.; Alegret, L.; Apellaniz, E.; Arenillas, I.; Aubry, M.-P.; Baceta, J.-I.; Berggren, W. A.; Bernaola, G.; Caballero, F.; Clemmensen, A.; Dinarès-Turell, J.; Dupuis, C.; Heilmann-Clausen, C.; Orús, A. H.; Knox, R.;
1502:
Bernaola G, Martín-Rubio M, Baceta JI (2009). "New high resolution calcareous nannofossil analysis across the Danian-Selandian transition at the Zumaia section: comparisons with South Tethys and Danish sections".
1464:
Arenillas I, Molina E, Ortiz S, Schmitz B (2008). "Foraminiferal and δC isotopic event-stratigraphy across the Danian-Selandian transition at Zumaya (northern Spain): chronostratigraphic implications".
1733:
1374:"A new model for the Paleogene motion of Greenland relative to North America: Plate reconstructions of the Davis Strait and Nares Strait regions between Canada and Greenland"
2380:
1206:"The global Stratotype Sections and Points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain"
979:
925:
1601:
558:
1726:
643:
576:
704:
1247:
518:
2429:
1719:
1573:
1148:
Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of
Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene".
974:
2424:
1315:
Jones MT, Augland LE, Shephard GE, Burgess SD, Eliassen GT, Jochmann MM, Friis B, Jerram DA, Planke S, Svensen HH (July 2017).
1251:
1008:
1594:
993:
855:
The
Selandian was introduced in scientific literature by Danish geologist Alfred Rosenkrantz in 1924. It is named after the
1280:
Clemmensen A, Thomsen E (2005). "Palaeoenvironmental changes across the Danian–Selandian boundary in the North Sea Basin".
1204:
Martín-Rubio, M.; Ortiz, S.; Payros, A.; Petrizzo, M. R.; von Salis, K.; Sprong, J.; Steurbaut, E.; Thomsen, E. (2011).
1742:
632:
1317:"Constraining shifts in North Atlantic plate motions during the Palaeocene by U-Pb dating of Svalbard tephra layers"
1521:
1587:
2434:
773:
714:
935:
2015:
2010:
917:
1567:
847:. Sometimes the Paleocene is subdivided in subepochs, in which the Selandian forms the "middle Paleocene".
1012:
604:
986:
The top of the
Selandian (the base of the Thanetian) is laid at the base of magnetic chronozone C26n.
1474:
1385:
1328:
1289:
1157:
819:
677:
2346:
2419:
1490:
1067:
479:
2363:
1562:
1183:
1542:
Rosenkrantz A (1924). "De københavnske Grønsandslag og deres
Placering i den danske Lagrække".
2144:
2108:
1354:
1093:
1039:
878:
NP4 and NP5. It is slightly after the first appearances of many new species of the calcareous
860:
600:
2238:
2113:
2082:
1879:
1482:
1424:
1419:
1393:
1344:
1336:
1297:
1236:
1217:
1165:
1113:
1529:
Rosenkrantz A (March 1921). "En ny københavnsk
Lokalitet for forsteningsførende Paleocæn".
2207:
2103:
2041:
1936:
1905:
1874:
1222:
1205:
1109:
1059:
864:
295:
1478:
1389:
1332:
1293:
1161:
2357:
2176:
2046:
1941:
1910:
1349:
1316:
1063:
1043:
2413:
2077:
2067:
2036:
1999:
1931:
1900:
1494:
1486:
1027:
667:
388:
61:
1169:
2368:
2352:
2299:
2149:
2072:
1097:
1089:
1071:
921:
1576:, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
1301:
2294:
2163:
2139:
1984:
1779:
1047:
36:
1340:
2289:
2249:
2192:
2092:
1989:
1863:
1763:
1711:
1679:
1570:, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
1105:
1101:
1058:, suggesting a common tectonic cause that altered the relative motions of the
1005:
964:
758:
453:
251:
81:
46:
2395:
2382:
950:
937:
788:
775:
729:
716:
2304:
2254:
2228:
2187:
2134:
1979:
1955:
1836:
1826:
1815:
1674:
1653:
1633:
1623:
1610:
1128:
1084:
1051:
1023:
1016:
1001:
990:
844:
823:
538:
444:
417:
353:
307:
261:
86:
1358:
2264:
2259:
2223:
2123:
2056:
2025:
1920:
1889:
1850:
1800:
1774:
1750:
1695:
1690:
1669:
1664:
1429:
1414:
1398:
1373:
1055:
1035:
1031:
1022:
The start of the
Selandian represents a sharp depositional change in the
997:
879:
597:
471:
462:
435:
426:
227:
214:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
2278:
2218:
1968:
1805:
1789:
912:) and close to the first appearance of calcareous nanoplankton species
875:
856:
377:
287:
91:
66:
1015:. It is coeval with the lower part of the Wangerripian Stage from the
834:
828:
2314:
2197:
1831:
1643:
1628:
1120:
929:
840:
398:
334:
982:(GSSP) marking the lower boundary of the Selandian at Itzurun, Spain
1579:
1066:. This plate reorganisation event is also manifest as a change in
1042:
deposition. This change occurs at the same time as the onset of a
973:
968:
882:
708:
2338:
2334:
2330:
1124:
30:
1715:
1583:
114:
1446:
Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond
874:
The base of the
Selandian is close to the boundary between
1270:(2009) for a description of the Danian-Selandidan boundary
989:
The
Selandian Stage overlaps with the lower part of the
1082:
The fauna of the
Selandian consisted of giant snakes (
2313:
2277:
2237:
2206:
2175:
2162:
2122:
2091:
2055:
2024:
1998:
1967:
1954:
1919:
1888:
1862:
1849:
1814:
1788:
1762:
1749:
804:
765:
753:
745:
699:
691:
683:
673:
663:
658:
650:
638:
628:
623:
615:
610:
593:
107:
21:
1282:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1448:. Geological Society of America. pp. 303–4.
1030:deposition due to the uplift and erosion of the
695:Onset of sea-level drop and carbon isotope shift
1198:
1196:
1100:; and a few archaic forms of mammals, such as
575:Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the
1727:
1595:
1237:International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
8:
1378:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
980:Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
926:Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
1189:. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
920:in Denmark the base of the Selandian is an
2172:
1964:
1859:
1759:
1734:
1720:
1712:
1619:
1602:
1588:
1580:
582:Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago
1428:
1397:
1348:
1221:
1184:"International Chronostratigraphic Chart"
1544:Meddelelser Fra Dansk Geologisk Forening
1531:Meddelelser Fra Dansk Geologisk Forening
1516:Gradstein FM, Ogg JG, Smith AG (2004).
1415:"Scientists find world's biggest snake"
1140:
1038:area after nearly 40 million years of
18:
769:Zumaia Section, Basque Country, Spain
7:
1574:Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene
1444:Koeberl C, MacLeod KG, eds. (2002).
547:
526:
508:
2333:= kiloannum (thousands years ago);
2337:= megaannum (millions years ago);
14:
2341:= gigaannum (billions years ago).
1026:Basin, where there is a shift to
963:) at the beach of Itzurun in the
16:Second Age of the Paleocene Epoch
2362:
2351:
1487:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2007.00784.x
1223:10.18814/epiiugs/2011/v34i4/002
1170:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001
1009:South American Land Mammal Ages
871:) given its prevalence there.
1372:Oakey GN, Chalmers JA (2012).
994:North American Land Mammal Age
928:(GSSP) was established in the
1:
1780:Pleistocene (11.7 ka–2.58 Ma)
1563:GeoWhen Database - Selandian
1302:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.01.005
1252:Den Store Danske Encyklopædi
1011:and part of the Nongshanian
826:. It spans the time between
2430:Selandian first appearances
1743:Geological history of Earth
1150:Global and Planetary Change
1050:due to compression between
2451:
2016:Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
2011:Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma)
1775:Holocene (present–11.7 ka)
1522:Cambridge University Press
1413:Kwok R (4 February 2009).
1341:10.1038/s41598-017-06170-7
1262:See for example Arenillas
1119:The flora was composed of
757:Base of magnetic polarity
2328:
2300:Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Ga)
2150:Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)
1617:
914:Neochiastozygus perfectus
754:Upper boundary definition
692:Lower boundary definition
572:
112:
26:
2295:Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Ga)
2140:Miaolingian (497–509 Ma)
1985:Guadalupian (260–272 Ma)
1837:Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)
1827:Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma)
851:Stratigraphic definition
839:. It is preceded by the
2425:Paleocene geochronology
2290:Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Ga)
2255:Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga)
2250:Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga)
2193:Cryogenian (635–720 Ma)
2083:Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
1990:Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
1801:Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma)
2260:Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga)
2229:Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
2188:Ediacaran (539–635 Ma)
2135:Furongian (485–497 Ma)
1980:Lopingian (252–260 Ma)
1806:Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
983:
200:−25 —
190:−30 —
180:−35 —
170:−40 —
160:−45 —
150:−50 —
140:−55 —
130:−60 —
120:−65 —
2265:Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)
2224:Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga)
2145:Series 2 (509–521 Ma)
1832:Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma)
1518:A Geologic Time Scale
1013:Asian Land Mammal Age
977:
2396:43.30056°N 2.25944°W
2305:Eoarchean (3.6–4 Ga)
2198:Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
2078:Wenlock (427–433 Ma)
2068:Pridoli (419–423 Ma)
1430:10.1038/news.2009.80
1399:10.1029/2011jb008942
1108:, primate relatives
1019:regional timescale.
843:and followed by the
539:permanent ice-sheets
2392: /
2360: •
2349: •
2347:Geologic time scale
2109:Middle (458–470 Ma)
2073:Ludlow (423–427 Ma)
2042:Middle (383–393 Ma)
1937:Middle (237–247 Ma)
1906:Middle (164–174 Ma)
1568:Paleogene timescale
1479:2008TeNov..20...38A
1390:2012JGRB..11710401O
1333:2017NatSR...7.6822J
1294:2005PPP...219..351C
1266:(2008) or Bernaola
1162:2005GPC....47...51Z
947: /
805:Upper GSSP ratified
785: /
766:Upper boundary GSSP
746:Lower GSSP ratified
726: /
700:Lower boundary GSSP
684:Time span formality
2401:43.30056; -2.25944
2358:Geology portal
2219:Stenian (1–1.2 Ga)
2114:Early (470–485 Ma)
2047:Early (393–419 Ma)
1942:Early (247–252 Ma)
1911:Early (174–201 Ma)
1880:Early (100–145 Ma)
1875:Late (66.0–100 Ma)
1321:Scientific Reports
1074:around this time.
1068:seafloor spreading
984:
916:. At the original
789:43.2996°N 2.2609°W
730:43.2992°N 2.2610°W
674:Stratigraphic unit
664:Chronological unit
651:Time scale(s) used
2375:
2374:
2273:
2272:
2239:Paleoproterozoic
2158:
2157:
2104:Late (444–458 Ma)
2037:Late (359–383 Ma)
1950:
1949:
1932:Late (201–237 Ma)
1901:Late (145–164 Ma)
1845:
1844:
1766:(present–2.58 Ma)
1754:(present–66.0 Ma)
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1094:Gastornithiformes
1070:direction in the
1040:calcium carbonate
812:
811:
624:Usage information
588:
587:
568:
567:
546:
545:
525:
524:
2442:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2369:World portal
2367:
2366:
2356:
2355:
2318:
2282:
2242:
2211:
2208:Mesoproterozoic
2180:
2173:
2168:
2127:
2096:
2060:
2029:
2003:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1924:
1893:
1867:
1860:
1855:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1713:
1620:
1611:Paleogene Period
1604:
1597:
1590:
1581:
1551:
1538:
1525:
1512:
1498:
1450:
1449:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1288:(3–4): 351–394.
1277:
1271:
1260:
1254:
1245:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1200:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1145:
962:
961:
959:
958:
957:
952:
951:43.300°N 2.267°W
948:
945:
944:
943:
940:
906:F. tympaniformis
838:
832:
800:
799:
797:
796:
795:
794:43.2996; -2.2609
790:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
741:
740:
738:
737:
736:
735:43.2992; -2.2610
731:
727:
724:
723:
722:
719:
703:Zumaia Section,
594:Formerly part of
563:
553:
548:
541:
537:First Antarctic
532:
527:
514:
509:
482:
474:
465:
456:
447:
438:
429:
420:
411:
401:
391:
382:
372:
347:
328:
300:
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245:
220:
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201:
196:
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156:
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146:
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136:
131:
126:
121:
115:
103:
33:
19:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2435:Geological ages
2410:
2409:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2361:
2350:
2342:
2324:
2316:
2309:
2280:
2269:
2240:
2233:
2209:
2202:
2178:
2177:Neoproterozoic
2167:(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)
2166:
2165:
2164:Proterozoic Eon
2154:
2125:
2118:
2094:
2087:
2058:
2051:
2027:
2020:
2001:
1994:
1970:
1958:
1957:
1946:
1922:
1915:
1891:
1884:
1865:
1853:
1852:
1841:
1817:
1810:
1791:
1784:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1684:
1658:
1634:Oligocene Epoch
1624:Paleocene Epoch
1613:
1608:
1559:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1501:
1463:
1459:
1457:Further reading
1454:
1453:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1257:
1246:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1114:multiberculates
1088:), crocodiles,
1080:
1078:Fauna and Flora
1060:Greenland Plate
955:
953:
949:
946:
941:
938:
936:
934:
933:
924:. The official
853:
833:
827:
793:
791:
787:
784:
779:
776:
774:
772:
771:
770:
734:
732:
728:
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720:
717:
715:
713:
712:
711:
589:
584:
583:
581:
564:
560:
557:
551:
542:
536:
530:
521:
512:
505:
504:
500:
499:
495:
494:
490:
489:
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480:
476:
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461:
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457:
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449:
448:
443:
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439:
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431:
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422:
421:
416:
413:
412:
410:
406:
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402:
397:
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393:
389:
385:
384:
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378:
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373:
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359:
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259:
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119:
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89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
28:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2448:
2446:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2412:
2411:
2373:
2372:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2170:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2005:
2000:Carboniferous
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1857:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1818:(23.0–66.0 Ma)
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1792:(2.58–23.0 Ma)
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1558:
1557:External links
1555:
1553:
1552:
1539:
1526:
1513:
1505:Geologica Acta
1499:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1436:
1405:
1364:
1307:
1272:
1255:
1240:
1229:
1216:(4): 220–243.
1192:
1175:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1079:
1076:
1064:Eurasian Plate
1044:foreland basin
965:Basque Country
956:43.300; -2.267
852:
849:
810:
809:
806:
802:
801:
767:
763:
762:
755:
751:
750:
747:
743:
742:
705:Basque Country
701:
697:
696:
693:
689:
688:
685:
681:
680:
675:
671:
670:
665:
661:
660:
656:
655:
654:ICS Time Scale
652:
648:
647:
640:
639:Regional usage
636:
635:
630:
629:Celestial body
626:
625:
621:
620:
617:
616:Name formality
613:
612:
608:
607:
595:
591:
590:
586:
585:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
556:
554:
544:
543:
535:
533:
523:
522:
517:
515:
506:
502:
501:
497:
496:
492:
491:
487:
486:
478:
477:
469:
468:
460:
459:
451:
450:
442:
441:
433:
432:
424:
423:
415:
414:
405:
404:
396:
395:
387:
386:
376:
375:
351:
350:
332:
331:
305:
304:
294:
293:
285:
284:
258:
257:
249:
248:
224:
223:
211:
210:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
29:61.6 – 59.2
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2447:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2276:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:(539 Ma–1 Ga)
2174:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1956:Paleozoic Era
1953:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:(66.0–145 Ma)
1861:
1858:
1856:
1854:(66.0–252 Ma)
1848:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1546:(in Danish).
1545:
1540:
1536:
1533:(in Danish).
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:(1–2): 79–92.
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:formation in
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:siliciclastic
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
987:
981:
976:
972:
970:
966:
960:
931:
927:
923:
919:
918:type location
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
886:Fasciculithus
884:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
830:
825:
821:
817:
807:
803:
798:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
669:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:
631:
627:
622:
618:
614:
609:
606:
602:
599:
596:
592:
580:
579:, as of 2021.
578:
571:
562:
555:
550:
549:
540:
534:
529:
528:
520:
516:
511:
510:
507:
483:
473:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
409:
400:
392:
383:
371:
346:
325:
301:
290:
289:
280:
279:
254:
253:
244:
243:
219:
218:
209:
117:
116:
111:
106:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
32:
25:
20:
2377:
2343:
2279:Archean Eon
2241:(1.6–2.5 Ga)
2126:(485–539 Ma)
2095:(444–485 Ma)
2059:(419–444 Ma)
2028:(359–419 Ma)
2002:(299–359 Ma)
1971:(252–299 Ma)
1959:(252–539 Ma)
1923:(201–252 Ma)
1892:(145–201 Ma)
1851:Mesozoic Era
1751:Cenozoic Era
1648:
1629:Eocene Epoch
1547:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1508:
1504:
1473:(1): 38–44.
1470:
1466:
1445:
1439:
1418:
1408:
1384:(B10): B10.
1381:
1377:
1367:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1243:
1232:
1213:
1209:
1178:
1156:(1): 51–66.
1153:
1149:
1143:
1118:
1110:plesiadapids
1090:champsosaurs
1083:
1081:
1072:Labrador Sea
1021:
988:
985:
967:, northern
922:unconformity
913:
909:
905:
902:F. involutus
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
880:nanoplankton
873:
868:
854:
815:
813:
574:
407:
286:
260:
250:
226:
213:
2399: /
2315:Hadean Eon
2093:Ordovician
1864:Cretaceous
1764:Quaternary
1420:Nature News
1327:(1): 6822.
1102:mesonychids
1048:Spitsbergen
954: /
910:F. pileatus
792: /
733: /
390:Maastricht.
2414:Categories
2384:43°18′02″N
2317:(4–4.6 Ga)
2281:(2.5–4 Ga)
2210:(1–1.6 Ga)
1816:Paleogene
1680:Priabonian
1467:Terra Nova
1135:References
1129:palm trees
1106:pantodonts
1017:Australian
1006:Itaboraian
1004:and lower
859:island of
777:43°17′59″N
759:chronozone
718:43°17′57″N
659:Definition
561:extinction
481:Aquitanian
454:Priabonian
108:Chronology
2420:Selandian
2387:2°15′34″W
2344:See also:
2124:Cambrian
2057:Silurian
2026:Devonian
1921:Triassic
1890:Jurassic
1675:Bartonian
1654:Thanetian
1649:Selandian
1495:129044742
1248:Selandien
1085:Titanoboa
1052:Greenland
1024:North Sea
1002:Tiupampan
991:Tiffanian
932:section (
894:F. billii
845:Thanetian
824:Paleocene
816:Selandian
780:2°15′39″W
721:2°15′40″W
611:Etymology
559:K-Pg mass
445:Bartonian
418:Thanetian
408:Selandian
22:Selandian
1969:Permian
1790:Neogene
1696:Chattian
1691:Rupelian
1670:Lutetian
1665:Ypresian
1359:28754976
1210:Episodes
1062:and the
1056:Svalbard
1036:Shetland
1032:Scotland
998:Peligran
942:002°16′W
898:F. janii
876:biozones
869:Sjælland
642:Global (
598:Tertiary
472:Chattian
463:Rupelian
436:Lutetian
427:Ypresian
1550:: 1–39.
1537:: 1–10.
1475:Bibcode
1386:Bibcode
1350:5533774
1329:Bibcode
1290:Bibcode
1158:Bibcode
939:43°18′N
890:F. ulii
861:Zealand
822:in the
552:←
531:←
513:←
205:–
195:–
185:–
175:–
165:–
155:–
145:–
135:–
125:–
98:↓
2323:
1644:Danian
1493:
1357:
1347:
1268:et al.
1264:et al.
1127:, and
1112:, and
996:, the
930:Zumaia
865:Danish
857:Danish
841:Danian
687:Formal
619:Formal
605:System
601:Period
503:
498:
493:
488:
399:Danian
1491:S2CID
1187:(PDF)
1125:ferns
1121:cacti
969:Spain
883:genus
820:stage
818:is a
709:Spain
678:Stage
633:Earth
1355:PMID
1098:owls
1054:and
978:The
908:and
835:59.2
829:61.6
814:The
808:2008
761:C26n
749:2008
519:PETM
37:PreꞒ
1483:doi
1425:doi
1394:doi
1382:117
1345:PMC
1337:doi
1298:doi
1286:219
1218:doi
1166:doi
1096:,
831:and
668:Age
644:ICS
577:ICS
2416::
2339:Ga
2335:Ma
2331:ka
1520:.
1507:.
1489:.
1481:.
1471:20
1469:.
1423:.
1417:.
1392:.
1380:.
1376:.
1353:.
1343:.
1335:.
1323:.
1319:.
1296:.
1284:.
1250:,
1214:34
1212:.
1208:.
1195:^
1164:.
1154:47
1152:.
1131:.
1123:,
1116:.
1104:,
1092:,
1000:,
971:.
904:,
900:,
896:,
892:,
867::
837:Ma
707:,
87:Pg
31:Ma
1735:e
1728:t
1721:v
1603:e
1596:t
1589:v
1548:6
1535:5
1524:.
1509:7
1497:.
1485::
1477::
1433:.
1427::
1402:.
1396::
1388::
1361:.
1339::
1331::
1325:7
1304:.
1300::
1292::
1226:.
1220::
1172:.
1168::
1160::
1034:-
888:(
863:(
646:)
603:/
381:C
379:M
370:e
368:n
366:e
364:c
362:o
360:g
358:i
356:l
354:O
345:e
343:n
341:e
339:c
337:o
335:E
324:e
322:n
320:e
318:c
316:o
314:e
312:l
310:a
308:P
299:K
297:L
288:N
278:e
276:n
274:e
272:g
270:o
268:e
266:l
264:a
262:P
252:K
242:c
240:i
238:o
236:z
234:o
232:n
230:e
228:C
217:Z
215:M
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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