674:, "measures to regulate the development of sentient AI should run ahead of what would be proportionate to the risks posed by current technology, considering also the risks posed by credible future trajectories." He is concerned that AI sentience would be particularly easy to deny, and that if achieved, humans might nevertheless continue to treat AI systems as mere tools. He notes that the linguistic behaviour of LLMs is not a reliable way to assess whether they are sentient. He suggests to apply theories of consciousness, such as the
491:
667:(LLMs) can be conscious, encouraging more research on the subject. He said that it is very plausible that the training of AI models can cause a world model to emerge in them. He personally estimated the chances that the most advanced LLMs are conscious to be less than 10% in 2022 and more than 20% in 2032, reaching around 50% if it attains "virtual perception, language, action, unified agents" exceeding the cognition level of a fish.
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428:, since his criterion for moral status is not only the ability to experience any phenomenal consciousness at all, but specifically the ability to experience conscious states with negative affective valence (i.e. suffering). Animal welfare and rights advocates often invoke similar capacities. For example, the documentary
521:
grounds to assume that the dog is indeed experiencing something unpleasant." Avoiding painful stimuli unless the reward is significant can also provide evidence that pain avoidance is not merely an unconscious reflex (similarly to how humans "can choose to press a hot door handle to escape a burning building").
804:
intentional behaviors. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. Non-human animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also possess these neurological substrates."
655:
considers that while LaMDA is probably not sentient, being very sure of it would require understanding how consciousness works, having access to unpublished information about LaMDA's architecture, and finding how to apply the philosophical theory to the machine. He also said about LLMs that "it's not
239:
in the late 1970s. It defines sentience as the relationship between the information processing rate of each individual processing unit (neuron), the weight/size of a single unit, and the total number of processing units (expressed as mass). It was proposed as a measure for the sentience of all living
816:
Quote: "Granted, these animals do not have all the desires we humans have; granted, they do not comprehend everything we humans comprehend; nevertheless, we and they do have some of the same desires and do comprehend some of the same things. The desires for food and water, shelter and companionship,
603:
philosophers consider that sentience is about "causal roles" played by mental states, which involve information processing. In this view, the physical substrate of this information processing does not need to be biological, so there is no theoretical barrier to the possibility of sentient machines.
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The AI research community does not consider sentience (that is, the "ability to feel sensations") as an important research goal, unless it can be shown that consciously "feeling" a sensation can make a machine more intelligent than just receiving input from sensors and processing it as information.
520:
of pain. To address that, researchers often look for behavioral cues. For example, "if a dog with an injured paw whimpers, licks the wound, limps, lowers pressure on the paw while walking, learns to avoid the place where the injury happened and seeks out analgesics when offered, we have reasonable
591:
wrote in 2021: "We are interested in programs that behave intelligently. Individual aspects of consciousnessâawareness, self-awareness, attentionâcan be programmed and can be part of an intelligent machine. The additional project making a machine conscious in exactly the way humans are is not one
803:
Quote: "The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from experiencing affective states. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with the capacity to exhibit
204:, publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, states that many non-human animals possess the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states, and can exhibit intentional behaviors. The declaration notes that all
548:
Historically, fish were not considered sentient, and their behaviors were often viewed as "reflexes or complex, unconscious species-typical responses" to their environment. Their dissimilarity with humans, including the absence of a direct equivalent of the
34:
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doing them justice to say they're simply regurgitating text", noting that they "exhibit glimpses of creativity, insight and understanding that are quite impressive and may show the rudiments of reasoning". He thinks that "sentience is a matter of degree".
438:
Animal-welfare advocates typically argue that any sentient being is entitled, at a minimum, to protection from unnecessary suffering, though animal-rights advocates may differ on what rights (e.g., the right to life) may be entailed by simple sentience.
2163:
Sugunasiri, Suwanda H.J., The Whole Body, not Heart, as 'Seat of
Consciousness': the Buddha's View', Philosophy East & West, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 409â430). Prof. Sugunasiri is Founder of Nalanda College of Buddhist Studies, Toronto,
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however, the physical constitution is important; and depending on the types of physical systems required for sentience, it may or may not be possible for certain types of machines (such as electronic computing devices) to be sentient.
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to respond to queries in the most fluid and natural way possible. The transcripts of conversations between scientists and LaMDA reveal that the AI system excels at this, providing answers to challenging topics about the nature of
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argues that while animals do not have all the desires and ability to comprehend as do humans, they do share the desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, freedom of movement and avoidance of pain.
392:
traveling with shells collected for protection. Despite evolving independently from humans for over 600 million years, octopuses show various signs of sentience. Octopuses, along with all other
410:
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The presence of nociception indicates an organism's ability to detect harmful stimuli. A further question is whether the way these noxious stimuli are processed within the brain leads to a
300:, non-violence toward other beings. In some forms of Buddhism, plants, stones and other inanimate objects are considered to be 'sentient'. In Jainism many things are endowed with a soul,
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2175:
Readership: Philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists interested in sensation and perception. Authors, Austen Clark, Professor of
Philosophy, University of Connecticut, Storrs
189:". They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained. Other philosophers, such as
157:(the ability to have thoughts about something). These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.
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2205:, 28 August 2023, pp. 26â30, 32. "Last year, the U.K. passed legislation that recognized animals as sentient beings, capable of feeling pain and joy. So far, the bill dignifies
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Experiments suggest that bees can display an optimistic mood, engage in playful behavior, and strategically avoid threats or harmful situations unless the reward is significant.
322:
is the state of having senses. In
Buddhism, there are six senses, the sixth being the subjective experience of the mind. Sentience is simply awareness prior to the arising of
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897:, and that there is further very strong evidence to support that invertebrates, including but not limited to decapod crustaceans, cephalopod mollusks, and insects, also do
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broadly as the position according to which an entity has moral status if and only if it is sentient. In David
Chalmer's more specific terminology, Bentham is a
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based on the number of senses it has. Water, for example, is a sentient being of the first order, as it is considered to possess only one sense, that of touch.
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561:. The range of animals regarded by scientists as sentient or conscious has progressively widened, now including animals such as fish, lobsters and octopus.
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208:(including fish and reptiles) have this neurological substrate for consciousness, and that there is strong evidence that many invertebrates also have it.
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457:, on sentience. He asserts that, "All sentient beings, humans or nonhuman, have one right: the basic right not to be treated as the property of others."
133:, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the
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recognises that animals are "sentient beings", and requires the EU and its member states to "pay full regards to the welfare requirements of animals".
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1320:. 9.2: p.72. Kyoto: Eastern Buddhist Society; cited in Dumoulin, Henrich (author); Heisig, James (translator); and Knitter, Paul (translator)(2005).
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173:", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "
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beings and computers from a single neuron up to a hypothetical being at the theoretical computational limit of the entire universe. On a
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326:. Thus, an animal qualifies as a sentient being. According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible. In
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The discussion on the topic of alleged sentience of artificial intelligence has been reignited in 2022 by the claims made about
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D. Cole: Sense and
Sentience SENSE5 8/18/90; rev. 1-19-98. (original 1983) copyright David Cole University of Minnesota, Duluth
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91:". Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to
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that sense damage or threat and send signals to the brain. Nociception is widespread among animals, even among insects.
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is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as
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119:"Sentience" was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin
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to understand what happens inside. He also mentions some other pathways that may lead to AI sentience, such as the
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185:, believe that the physical process causing consciousness to happen will never be understood, a position known as "
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it is indisputable that all vertebrates, including fish and reptiles do possess the neurological substrates of
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suggests that the belief that fish do not feel pain originated in response to a 1980s policy aimed at banning
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Sentience has been a central concept in the animal rights movement, tracing back to the well-known writing of
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Science, policy and cultural implications of animal sentience, Suggested
Reading, Compassion in World Farming
636:âAI robots designed to communicate with humansâby gathering vast amounts of text from the internet and using
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223:, the capacity to have any subjective experience at all, but sometimes refers to the narrower concept of
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should regard sentient animals according to their intrinsic worth, rather than their utility to humans.
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Determining which animals can experience sensations is challenging, but scientists generally agree that
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292:) and "conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion, suffering, and rebirth (
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678:, to the algorithms implicitly learned by LLMs, but noted that this technique requires advances in
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that we are equipped to take on." Indeed, leading AI textbooks do not mention "sentience" at all.
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was written into the basic law of the
European Union. The legally binding protocol annexed to the
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In Asian religions, the word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In
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1776:"Scientists push new paradigm of animal consciousness, saying even insects may be sentient"
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for
Dialogue Applications) artificial intelligence system that it is "sentient" and had a "
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1505:; Burn, Charlotte; Schnell, Alexandra; Browning, Heather; Crump, Andrew (November 2021).
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With an
Introduction by Victor Sogen Hori. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: World Wisdom, Inc.
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579:. The question of whether artificial intelligences can be sentient is controversial.
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2103:"AI could have 20% chance of sentience in 10 years, says philosopher David Chalmers"
2009:
1507:"Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans"
414:: "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"
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1370:, (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19), Mumbai:
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detects and responds to potentially harmful stimuli, leading to the sensation of
103:. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as
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1919:"Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Consciousness and the Intermediate Level Fallacy"
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describes the theory that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern.
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306:, which is sometimes translated as 'sentience'. Some things are without a soul,
125:(feeling). In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between
1271:
Getz, Daniel A. (2004). "Sentient beings"; cited in
Buswell, Robert E. (2004).
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of a Bodhisattva states, "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to free them."
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Birch, Jonathan (19 July 2024). "Part V: preparing for artificial sentience".
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A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English
1118:"Will Science Ever Solve the Mysteries of Consciousness, Free Will and God?"
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706:
637:
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57:
53:
2190:'Bees are sentient': inside the stunning brains of nature's hardest workers
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The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI
1962:
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2029:"Google AI 'is sentient,' software engineer claims before being suspended"
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545:, and findings on certain insect species may not be applicable to others.
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are typically recognized as sentient. There is more uncertainty regarding
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2168:
Jeremy Bentham - Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
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Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
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1751:"Do fish feel emotions? Experts weigh in on the ethics of fish farming"
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342:, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others. The first
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836:"Which animals should be considered sentient in the eyes of the law?"
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60:, or complex thought processes. Sentience is an important concept in
20:
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Philosophy Day 2020: David Chalmers - Consciousness and moral status
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Digital sentience (or artificial sentience) means the sentience of
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Indestructible truth: the living spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism
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2220:
2079:"Nick Bostrom: How can we be certain a machine isn't conscious?"
1879:
1727:"Fish are nothing like us, except that they are sentient beings"
1345:. World of Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Shambhala. pp. 26â27.
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1529:"United Kingdom Declares Octopuses, Squids Are Sentient Beings"
79:, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "
530:
331:
649:-style fables on cue, and even describing its alleged fears.
400:, were recognized as sentient by the United Kingdom in 2023.
312:, such as a chair or spoon. There are different rankings of
553:
in their brain, was used as an argument against sentience.
411:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
453:
theory of animal rights, which differs significantly from
5729:
Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
219:
argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for
2942:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1890:; Knight, Kevin; Nair, Shivashankar B (1 January 2010).
6134:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
4461:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
595:
Digital sentience is of considerable interest to the
177:"âin other words, the ability to have states that it
1514:
The London School of Economics and Political Science
1275:. Volume 2. New York, USA: Macmillan Reference USA.
6119:
5807:
5737:
5609:
5602:
5537:
5431:
5365:
5124:
5117:
5028:
4975:
4925:
4865:
4858:
4679:
4444:
4405:
4316:
4280:
4064:
4057:
3876:
3600:
3593:
3338:
3047:
3038:
2981:
2960:
2899:
2849:
2791:
2763:
2700:
2632:
2524:
2517:
2349:
2273:
1894:(3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill India.
1200:Freitas, R.A. Jr. (April 1984). "Xenopsychology".
1171:Massimo Pigliucci, David Chalmers (Dec 18, 2020).
1805:"What if A.I. Sentience Is a Question of Degree?"
1635:"The Lisbon Treaty: recognising animal sentience"
1583:
1581:
1221:Shanta, Bhakti Niskama (SeptemberâOctober 2015).
235:The sentience quotient concept was introduced by
193:, argue that qualia is not a meaningful concept.
2321:List of international animal welfare conventions
2199:Knight, Sam, "Hive Mind: Is beekeeping wrong?",
4613:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1610:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Animal rights"
1368:Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances
26:"Sentient" redirects here. For other uses, see
5095:
2236:
2217:... but not a single conscious bee." (p. 29.)
1835:
1694:"Insect Farming Is Booming. But Is It Cruel?"
16:Ability to experience feelings and sensations
8:
2326:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1917:Manzotti, Riccardo; Chella, Antonio (2018).
1223:"Life and consciousness â The VedÄntic view"
950:
948:
874:"The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness"
817:freedom of movement and avoidance of pain."
4288:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4232:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2264:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1366:Nemicandra, Acarya; Balbir, Nalini (2010),
1166:
1164:
1149:(Summer 2013 ed.). Stanford University
955:Scerri, Mariella; Grech, Victor E. (2016).
509:. It involves specialized receptors called
285:is translated from various Sanskrit terms (
5606:
5121:
5102:
5088:
5080:
4862:
4441:
4430:
4061:
4054:
4040:
3597:
3044:
3035:
3021:
2521:
2270:
2259:
2243:
2229:
2221:
1861:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
1479:"The mysterious inner life of the octopus"
1398:, New York: SUNY Press, pp. 118â119,
1322:Zen Buddhism: A History ~ Volume 2: Japan.
5760:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
4435:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4372:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2027:Brandon Specktor published (2022-06-13).
1952:
1934:
1569:
1248:
1238:
1037:
867:
865:
863:
4493:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2750:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
2341:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
1227:Communicative & Integrative Biology
1147:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
826:
5770:Higher-order theories of consciousness
2418:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1687:
1685:
1683:
1421:Jainism : The World of Conquerors
212:Phenomenal vs. affective consciousness
202:Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness
5785:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
4629:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4217:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4142:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
2554:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2331:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2286:Animal rights by country or territory
1798:
1796:
1657:
1655:
1424:, Sussex Academic Press, p. 50,
356:Animal rights by country or territory
350:Animal welfare, rights, and sentience
181:to be in. Some philosophers, notably
7:
6251:
4360:Animalist Party with the Environment
2647:Animal testing on non-human primates
296:)". It is related to the concept of
4784:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
2994:World Day for the End of Speciesism
2054:"Is LaMDA Sentient? â an Interview"
1203:Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact
939:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6302:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
6076:Subjective character of experience
5972:Neural correlates of consciousness
4909:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4252:United Activists for Animal Rights
4162:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2301:Animal crueltyâHolocaust analogies
1864:(4th ed.). Hoboken: Pearson.
1477:Henriques, Martha (25 July 2022).
1455:State University of New York Press
957:"Sentience in science fiction 101"
14:
6106:Von NeumannâWigner interpretation
5755:Damasio's theory of consciousness
4453:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4413:Animal Rights National Conference
4336:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4293:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4147:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4072:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3551:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2306:Animal rights in Indian religions
2296:Animal rights and punk subculture
1725:Woodruff, Michael (3 July 2020).
1012:Damasio, Antonio (October 2001).
6250:
6241:
6240:
6168:Journal of Consciousness Studies
6056:Sociology of human consciousness
5892:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
5795:Orchestrated objective reduction
5060:
5059:
4621:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4272:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3004:World Day for the End of Fishing
2999:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2429:Equal consideration of interests
2173:Book about A Theory of Sentience
1418:Shah, Natubhai (November 1998),
338:, the concept is related to the
6174:Online Consciousness Conference
6161:How the Self Controls Its Brain
4342:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4227:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3441:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3029:(academics, writers, activists)
2922:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
1664:"Do Insects Feel Joy and Pain?"
1181:from the original on 2021-10-31
1116:Shermer, Michael (2018-07-01).
5820:Altered state of consciousness
4565:Animals, Property, and the Law
2642:Alternatives to animal testing
2311:Christianity and animal rights
2138:10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001
1847:Leading AI textbooks in 2023:
1803:Jackson, Lauren (2023-04-12).
1587:Monson S (2005), "Earthlings".
1374:, pp. 1 of Introduction,
1316:Keiji, Nishitani (ed.)(1976).
1079:"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"
834:Birch, Jonathan (2021-05-16).
811:
798:
630:artificial intelligence system
1:
5922:Hard problem of consciousness
5780:Integrated information theory
4202:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2912:Cambridge University primates
2444:Ethics of uncertain sentience
2052:Lemoine, Blake (2022-06-11).
1982:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1978:"Minds, brains, and programs"
1240:10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138
1145:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
935:"The Grounds of Moral Status"
722:Hard problem of consciousness
712:Ethics of uncertain sentience
281:as sentient beings. The term
45:species, are likely sentient.
6220:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
6207:The Science of Consciousness
6081:Subjectivity and objectivity
4262:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2412:Argument from marginal cases
1923:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
1662:Chittka, Lars (2023-07-01).
1527:Ho Tran, Tony (2021-11-23).
501:is the process by which the
244:it runs from â70 up to +50.
171:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
129:and sentience. According to
6213:Understanding Consciousness
6140:Consciousness and Cognition
6128:A Universe of Consciousness
4549:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4177:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4127:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2816:International primate trade
2291:Anarchism and animal rights
2132:. Oxford University Press.
1177:(YouTube). Figs in Winter.
872:Low, Philip (7 July 2012).
137:and consciousness, such as
6323:
6187:The Astonishing Hypothesis
5882:Disorders of consciousness
4669:Making a Stand for Animals
4541:The Case for Animal Rights
4192:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4152:Cruelty Free International
4122:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2652:Animal testing regulations
1552:Ryder, Richard D. (1991).
914:Merriam Webster Dictionary
568:
353:
254:Sentient beings (Buddhism)
251:
25:
18:
6236:
5967:Minimally conscious state
5877:Consciousness after death
5055:
4824:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4661:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4440:
4429:
4097:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4053:
4039:
3396:William Hamilton Drummond
3034:
3020:
2755:Welfare of farmed insects
2382:Animalâindustrial complex
2269:
2258:
2077:Leith, Sam (2022-07-07).
1994:10.1017/S0140525X00005756
1836:Russell & Norvig 2021
1341:Ray, Reginald A. (2002).
1143:"Eliminative Materialism"
663:made a speech on whether
330:Buddhism, which includes
287:jantu, bahu jana, jagat,
28:Sentient (disambiguation)
5830:Artificial consciousness
5347:William Kingdon Clifford
4902:Journal of Animal Ethics
4768:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4157:Direct Action Everywhere
3566:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3511:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2968:Direct Action Everywhere
2672:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2657:Labcorp Drug Development
2614:Feedback (pork industry)
2579:Intensive animal farming
2316:History of animal rights
1976:Searle, John R. (1980).
1936:10.3389/frobt.2018.00039
1273:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1141:Ramsey, William (2013).
1083:The Philosophical Review
910:"Definition of SENTIENT"
577:artificial intelligences
571:Artificial consciousness
221:phenomenal consciousness
19:Not to be confused with
6277:17th-century neologisms
6147:Consciousness Explained
6066:Stream of consciousness
6041:Secondary consciousness
5765:Global workspace theory
5750:Dynamic core hypothesis
5745:Attention schema theory
5719:Revisionary materialism
5634:Eliminative materialism
5157:Charles Augustus Strong
5037:Holocaust on your Plate
4808:An Apology to Elephants
4589:Do Animals Have Rights?
4525:Animals, Men and Morals
4501:Better-World Philosophy
4378:Italian Animalist Party
4257:United Poultry Concerns
4212:Last Chance for Animals
4107:Animal Liberation Front
3994:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2484:Replaceability argument
2402:Animal-free agriculture
1892:Artificial Intelligence
1571:10.15368/bts.1991v7n1.1
1554:"Souls and Sentientism"
676:global workspace theory
486:Indicators of sentience
474:In 1997 the concept of
225:affective consciousness
115:Sentience in philosophy
6201:The Emperor's New Mind
6007:Problem of other minds
5942:Introspection illusion
5775:Holonomic brain theory
5132:Alfred North Whitehead
5010:Salvation of Innocents
4557:Zoos and Animal Rights
4132:Beauty Without Cruelty
4092:Animal Justice Project
3431:John Zephaniah Holwell
3085:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2662:Great ape research ban
2281:Animal rights movement
1077:Nagel, Thomas (1974).
1014:"Fundamental feelings"
883:. Cambridge University
762:Problem of other minds
495:
401:
46:
6307:Subjective experience
6002:Primary consciousness
5887:Divided consciousness
5790:Multiple drafts model
5292:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
5029:Fairs and exhibitions
4916:The Animals' Defender
4888:Cahiers antispécistes
4816:Speciesism: The Movie
4637:Animal (De)liberation
4597:Striking at the Roots
4509:The Universal Kinship
4469:The Rights of Animals
4390:People Animals Nature
4384:Party for the Animals
4197:In Defense of Animals
3959:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3351:David Renaud Boullier
2937:Silver Spring monkeys
2836:Wild animal suffering
2745:Pain in invertebrates
2584:Intensive pig farming
2474:Opposition to hunting
2439:Ethics of eating meat
2192:". Annette McGivney,
1394:Grimes, John (1996),
1372:Hindi Granth Karyalay
747:Pain in invertebrates
686:of sentient animals.
665:large language models
659:In 2022, philosopher
518:subjective experience
493:
387:
320:Sentience in Buddhism
237:Robert A. Freitas Jr.
36:
6154:Cosmic Consciousness
5992:Philosophical zombie
5932:Higher consciousness
5825:Animal consciousness
5629:Double-aspect theory
5162:Christopher Peacocke
4645:Sentientist Politics
4573:The Lives of Animals
4324:Animal Justice Party
4137:Born Free Foundation
3974:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3848:Wendy Turner-Webster
3561:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2783:Recreational fishing
2624:Ventilation shutdown
2392:Animal protectionism
2372:Animal consciousness
1318:The Eastern Buddhist
777:Vertiginous question
752:Philosophical zombie
360:Animal consciousness
198:animal consciousness
179:feels like something
5927:Heterophenomenology
5840:Attentional control
5489:Lawrence Weiskrantz
5317:Patricia Churchland
5152:Brian O'Shaughnessy
5137:Arthur Schopenhauer
5069:( 139 )
4895:Etica & Animali
4881:Between the Species
4605:An American Trilogy
4298:Humanitarian League
3909:Frances Power Cobbe
3526:Arthur Schopenhauer
3521:Henry Stephens Salt
3401:Edward Payson Evans
3095:Stephen R. L. Clark
2952:War of the currents
2841:Wildlife management
2735:Pain in crustaceans
2730:Pain in cephalopods
2211:decapod crustaceans
1668:Scientific American
1558:Between the Species
1122:Scientific American
1030:2001Natur.413..781D
680:AI interpretability
480:Treaty of Amsterdam
398:decapod crustaceans
66:moral consideration
6227:Wider than the Sky
6194:The Conscious Mind
5997:Philosophy of mind
5977:Neurophenomenology
5952:Locked-in syndrome
5947:Knowledge argument
5611:Philosophy of mind
5232:George Henry Lewes
5202:Douglas Hofstadter
4832:Unlocking the Cage
4653:Wild Animal Ethics
4477:The Ethics of Diet
4354:Animalist Movement
4330:Animal Politics EU
4242:Sentience Politics
3868:That Vegan Teacher
3486:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3471:José Ferrater Mora
3280:Steve F. Sapontzis
2773:Commercial fishing
2725:Pain in amphibians
2715:Cruelty to animals
2687:Operation Backfire
2526:Animal agriculture
2434:Emotion in animals
1852:Russell, Stuart J.
1809:The New York Times
1283:(Volume 2): pp.760
757:Philosophy of mind
597:philosophy of mind
496:
426:narrow sentientist
402:
231:Sentience quotient
68:, particularly in
47:
41:, as well as many
6264:
6263:
5962:Mindâbody problem
5912:Flash suppression
5872:Cartesian theater
5857:Binocular rivalry
5803:
5802:
5669:Mindâbody dualism
5598:
5597:
5585:Victor J. Stenger
5560:Erwin Schrödinger
5514:Stanislas Dehaene
5494:Michael Gazzaniga
5378:Donald D. Hoffman
5262:John Polkinghorne
5242:Gottfried Leibniz
5077:
5076:
5070:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5018:Onward to Freedom
4986:Animal Liberation
4971:
4970:
4792:Forks Over Knives
4744:Peaceable Kingdom
4704:Shores of Silence
4696:A Cow at My Table
4581:Eternal Treblinka
4533:Animal Liberation
4425:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4312:
4311:
4247:Uncaged Campaigns
4222:Mercy for Animals
4187:Great Ape Project
4102:Animal Liberation
4048:(groups, parties)
4035:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
3934:Elizabeth Farians
3843:Christine Townend
3783:Heather Nicholson
3713:Brigitte GothiĂšre
3703:Antoine Goetschel
3589:
3588:
3250:Charles Patterson
3155:Gary L. Francione
3130:Josephine Donovan
3120:Daniel Dombrowski
3100:Alasdair Cochrane
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
2895:
2894:
2826:Predation problem
2710:Animal euthanasia
2619:Foam depopulation
2454:Insects in ethics
2147:978-0-19-196672-9
1641:. 1 December 2009
1596:Francione, Gary.
1381:978-81-88769-30-8
1352:978-1-57062-910-5
1330:978-0-941532-90-7
732:Mindâbody problem
565:Digital sentience
559:catch and release
467:, considers that
259:Eastern religions
248:Eastern religions
242:logarithmic scale
93:perceive emotions
6314:
6254:
6253:
6244:
6243:
6086:Unconscious mind
5714:Reflexive monism
5709:Property dualism
5684:New mysterianism
5644:Epiphenomenalism
5624:Computationalism
5619:Anomalous monism
5607:
5499:Michael Graziano
5469:Francisco Varela
5373:Carl Gustav Jung
5337:Thomas Metzinger
5307:Martin Heidegger
5287:Kenneth M. Sayre
5147:Bertrand Russell
5122:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5081:
5068:
5063:
5062:
4874:Animal Sentience
4863:
4728:Legally Blonde 2
4688:The Animals Film
4442:
4431:
4237:Rise for Animals
4062:
4055:
4041:
3904:Edith Carrington
3808:Craig Rosebraugh
3773:Virginia McKenna
3763:Jo-Anne McArthur
3693:Juliet Gellatley
3598:
3556:Mary Anne Warren
3496:Humphrey Primatt
3481:Edward Nicholson
3451:Charles R. Magel
3416:Thomas G. Gentry
3275:Richard D. Ryder
3215:Thomas Lepeltier
3045:
3036:
3022:
2989:World Animal Day
2947:Unnecessary Fuss
2907:Brown Dog affair
2877:Animals in sport
2867:Animal slaughter
2862:Animal sacrifice
2801:Culling wildlife
2604:Wildlife farming
2522:
2367:Animal cognition
2336:Total liberation
2271:
2260:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2222:
2152:
2151:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2012:. Archived from
1973:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1883:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1800:
1791:
1790:
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1787:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1692:Reynolds, Matt.
1689:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1624:
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1606:
1600:
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1588:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1564:(1): Article 3.
1549:
1543:
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1211:
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1188:
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1168:
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1156:
1154:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1041:
1039:10.1038/35101669
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
993:. Douglas Harper
991:Etymology Online
983:
977:
976:
974:
972:
952:
943:
942:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
906:
900:
899:
890:
888:
878:
869:
858:
857:
855:
854:
831:
815:
802:
606:type physicalism
555:Jennifer Jacquet
529:Animals such as
525:Sentient animals
476:animal sentience
418:Richard D. Ryder
364:Animal cognition
336:Tibetan Buddhism
187:new mysterianism
6322:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6232:
6115:
6091:Unconsciousness
5902:Explanatory gap
5852:Binding problem
5799:
5733:
5594:
5580:Susan Blackmore
5533:
5524:Stuart Hameroff
5444:Antonio Damasio
5427:
5423:Wolfgang Köhler
5361:
5322:Paul Churchland
5227:George Berkeley
5197:Donald Davidson
5113:
5108:
5078:
5073:
5043:
5024:
4967:
4948:Muutoksen kevÀt
4921:
4854:
4760:Behind the Mask
4675:
4485:Animals' Rights
4436:
4417:
4401:
4308:
4276:
4049:
4023:
3884:Cleveland Amory
3872:
3838:Darren Thurston
3833:Marianne Thieme
3688:Bruce Friedrich
3653:Joey Carbstrong
3638:Brigitte Bardot
3585:
3576:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3466:J. Howard Moore
3411:John Galsworthy
3391:Wilhelm Dietler
3334:
3330:Corey Lee Wrenn
3240:Martha Nussbaum
3150:Lawrence Finsen
3090:Paola Cavalieri
3065:Kristin Andrews
3040:
3030:
3008:
2977:
2956:
2891:
2845:
2787:
2759:
2720:Pain in animals
2696:
2628:
2594:Poultry farming
2513:
2345:
2265:
2254:
2249:
2196:, April 2, 2023
2160:
2158:Further reading
2155:
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2085:
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2051:
2050:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2033:livescience.com
2026:
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1710:
1708:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1579:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1509:
1503:Birch, Jonathan
1501:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1315:
1311:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1270:
1266:
1233:(5): e1085138.
1220:
1219:
1215:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1095:10.2307/2183914
1076:
1075:
1071:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
985:
984:
980:
970:
968:
954:
953:
946:
933:
932:
928:
919:
917:
908:
907:
903:
886:
884:
876:
871:
870:
861:
852:
850:
833:
832:
828:
824:
819:
810:
797:
791:
786:
717:Explanatory gap
702:Binding problem
692:
684:brain emulation
628:". LaMDA is an
573:
567:
527:
488:
449:also bases his
382:
376:Pain in animals
354:Main articles:
352:
283:sentient beings
256:
250:
233:
214:
163:
131:Antonio Damasio
117:
77:science fiction
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6320:
6318:
6310:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6269:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6248:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6171:
6164:
6157:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6131:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6101:Visual masking
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6051:Sentiocentrism
6048:
6043:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5679:Neutral monism
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5659:Interactionism
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5590:Wolfgang Pauli
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5519:Steven Laureys
5516:
5511:
5506:
5504:Patrick Wilken
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5474:Gerald Edelman
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5449:Benjamin Libet
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Max Wertheimer
5400:
5395:
5390:
5388:Gustav Fechner
5385:
5383:Franz Brentano
5380:
5375:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5357:William Seager
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5332:René Descartes
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5282:Keith Frankish
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5222:Galen Strawson
5219:
5214:
5209:
5207:Edmund Husserl
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5187:David Papineau
5184:
5179:
5177:David Chalmers
5174:
5172:Daniel Dennett
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5142:Baruch Spinoza
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5084:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4869:
4867:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4720:Meet Your Meat
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4517:The New Ethics
4513:
4505:
4497:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4348:Animals' Party
4345:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4117:AnimaNaturalis
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4087:Animal Justice
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4019:Gretchen Wyler
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Lewis Gompertz
3946:
3941:
3939:Emarel Freshel
3936:
3931:
3929:Muriel Dowding
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3863:Gary Yourofsky
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Ingrid Newkirk
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Charlotte Laws
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:Yves Bonnardel
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Martin Balluch
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3571:Steven M. Wise
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Bernard Rollin
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:Leonard Nelson
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Herman Daggett
3378:
3373:
3371:Priscilla Cohn
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Jeremy Bentham
3342:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3260:Jessica Pierce
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Kyle Johannsen
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3115:David DeGrazia
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Carol J. Adams
3051:
3049:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2927:Pit of despair
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2857:Abandoned pets
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2702:Animal welfare
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Model organism
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2634:Animal testing
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2609:Working animal
2606:
2601:
2599:Slaughterhouse
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2574:Insect farming
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2534:Animal product
2530:
2528:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Sentiocentrism
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Animal welfare
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2202:The New Yorker
2197:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2118:
2094:
2069:
2044:
2019:
2016:on 2007-12-10.
1988:(3): 417â424.
1968:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1884:
1870:
1840:
1838:, p. 986.
1828:
1792:
1767:
1742:
1717:
1679:
1651:
1626:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1544:
1519:
1494:
1469:
1463:
1447:, ed. (1993),
1445:Doniger, Wendy
1436:
1430:
1410:
1404:
1386:
1380:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1309:
1285:
1264:
1213:
1192:
1160:
1133:
1108:
1089:(4): 435â450.
1069:
1004:
978:
944:
926:
901:
881:FCM Conference
859:
825:
823:
820:
792:
790:
787:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
691:
688:
672:Jonathan Birch
661:David Chalmers
622:Language Model
585:Stuart Russell
569:Main article:
566:
563:
526:
523:
503:nervous system
487:
484:
447:Gary Francione
441:Sentiocentrism
406:Jeremy Bentham
368:Animal welfare
351:
348:
249:
246:
232:
229:
217:David Chalmers
213:
210:
191:Daniel Dennett
169:in his paper "
162:
159:
155:intentionality
151:self-awareness
116:
113:
85:self-awareness
70:utilitarianism
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6319:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6292:Consciousness
6290:
6288:
6287:Animal rights
6285:
6283:
6282:Animal ethics
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6257:
6249:
6247:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6229:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6214:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6191:
6189:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6165:
6163:
6162:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5987:Phenomenology
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5917:Hallucination
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:Functionalism
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5575:Roger Penrose
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:Marvin Minsky
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5555:Eugene Wigner
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Annaka Harris
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Giulio Tononi
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5464:Francis Crick
5462:
5460:
5459:Christof Koch
5457:
5455:
5454:Bernard Baars
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:William James
5416:
5414:
5413:Wilhelm Wundt
5411:
5409:
5408:Sigmund Freud
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:Julian Jaynes
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5352:William Lycan
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5272:Joseph Levine
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Immanuel Kant
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5212:Frank Jackson
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5111:Consciousness
5105:
5100:
5098:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5082:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5039:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4994:Tame Yourself
4991:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4955:No Compromise
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4942:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4913:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:(3rd century)
4455:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4428:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:(Netherlands)
4385:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Animal Rising
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4082:Animal Ethics
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4038:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3979:Jessie Mackay
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:James Granger
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3889:Henry B. Amos
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Louise Wallis
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:Kim Stallwood
3821:
3819:
3818:Jasmin Singer
3816:
3814:
3813:Nathan Runkle
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:David Olivier
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:John Feldmann
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3658:Aymeric Caron
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:Carole Baskin
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Laurids Smith
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:James Rachels
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3446:John Lawrence
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Brigid Brophy
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:Tatjana ViĆĄak
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:David Sztybel
3308:
3306:
3305:Cass Sunstein
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Mark Rowlands
3268:
3266:
3265:Evelyn Pluhar
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:Andrew Linzey
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Will Kymlicka
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Dale Jamieson
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Valéry Giroux
3163:
3161:
3160:Robert Garner
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Sue Donaldson
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:J. M. Coetzee
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3070:Tom Beauchamp
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2973:Hunt sabotage
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:Methodologies
2959:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:Hare coursing
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2549:Chick culling
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2509:Vegetarianism
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Anthrozoology
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2377:Animal ethics
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2252:Animal rights
2246:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2119:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2084:
2083:The Spectator
2080:
2073:
2070:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1901:9780070087705
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1871:9780134610993
1867:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:Norvig, Peter
1853:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1718:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1615:
1614:www.bbc.co.uk
1611:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:Official blog
1593:
1590:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1464:0-7914-1381-0
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1431:1-898723-30-3
1427:
1423:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1405:0-7914-3068-5
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:0-02-865720-9
1278:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:(6858): 781.
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
992:
988:
982:
979:
966:
962:
958:
951:
949:
945:
940:
936:
930:
927:
915:
911:
905:
902:
898:
896:
895:consciousness
882:
875:
868:
866:
864:
860:
849:
845:
841:
837:
830:
827:
821:
818:
814:
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:
796:
788:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:According to
668:
666:
662:
657:
654:
650:
648:
645:, generating
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5664:Materialism
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5327:Philip Goff
5302:Michael Tye
5297:Max Velmans
5277:Karl Popper
5267:John Searle
5252:John Eccles
5237:Georges Rey
4859:Periodicals
4736:The Meatrix
4712:The Witness
4326:(Australia)
4300:(1891â1919)
4182:Faunalytics
4009:Henry Spira
3999:Hans Ruesch
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3041:and writers
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2464:Nonviolence
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2207:vertebrates
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737:Mirror test
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499:Nociception
422:sentientism
380:Sentientism
340:Bodhisattva
206:vertebrates
107:in Western
39:vertebrates
6297:Personhood
6271:Categories
6096:Upanishads
5897:Experience
5862:Blindsight
5689:Nondualism
5570:Max Planck
5550:David Bohm
5366:Psychology
5257:John Locke
5182:David Hume
5125:Philosophy
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4752:Earthlings
4392:(Portugal)
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4281:Historical
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2088:2023-06-23
2063:2022-06-14
2038:2022-06-14
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1298:Britannica
1127:2024-03-10
997:31 January
987:"Sentient"
971:31 January
920:2024-07-21
853:2024-06-09
822:References
697:Blindsight
638:algorithms
465:theologian
431:Earthlings
394:cephalopod
279:non-humans
277:recognise
261:including
252:See also:
196:Regarding
139:creativity
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5937:Illusion
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1259:27066168
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