685:, "measures to regulate the development of sentient AI should run ahead of what would be proportionate to the risks posed by current technology, considering also the risks posed by credible future trajectories." He is concerned that AI sentience would be particularly easy to deny, and that if achieved, humans might nevertheless continue to treat AI systems as mere tools. He notes that the linguistic behaviour of LLMs is not a reliable way to assess whether they are sentient. He suggests to apply theories of consciousness, such as the
502:
678:(LLMs) can be conscious, encouraging more research on the subject. He said that it is very plausible that the training of AI models can cause a world model to emerge in them. He personally estimated the chances that the most advanced LLMs are conscious to be less than 10% in 2022 and more than 20% in 2032, reaching around 50% if it attains "virtual perception, language, action, unified agents" exceeding the cognition level of a fish.
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439:, since his criterion for moral status is not only the ability to experience any phenomenal consciousness at all, but specifically the ability to experience conscious states with negative affective valence (i.e. suffering). Animal welfare and rights advocates often invoke similar capacities. For example, the documentary
532:
grounds to assume that the dog is indeed experiencing something unpleasant." Avoiding painful stimuli unless the reward is significant can also provide evidence that pain avoidance is not merely an unconscious reflex (similarly to how humans "can choose to press a hot door handle to escape a burning building").
815:
intentional behaviors. Consequently, the weight of evidence indicates that humans are not unique in possessing the neurological substrates that generate consciousness. Non-human animals, including all mammals and birds, and many other creatures, including octopuses, also possess these neurological substrates."
666:
considers that while LaMDA is probably not sentient, being very sure of it would require understanding how consciousness works, having access to unpublished information about LaMDA's architecture, and finding how to apply the philosophical theory to the machine. He also said about LLMs that "it's not
250:
in the late 1970s. It defines sentience as the relationship between the information processing rate of each individual processing unit (neuron), the weight/size of a single unit, and the total number of processing units (expressed as mass). It was proposed as a measure for the sentience of all living
827:
Quote: "Granted, these animals do not have all the desires we humans have; granted, they do not comprehend everything we humans comprehend; nevertheless, we and they do have some of the same desires and do comprehend some of the same things. The desires for food and water, shelter and companionship,
614:
philosophers consider that sentience is about "causal roles" played by mental states, which involve information processing. In this view, the physical substrate of this information processing does not need to be biological, so there is no theoretical barrier to the possibility of sentient machines.
593:
The AI research community does not consider sentience (that is, the "ability to feel sensations") as an important research goal, unless it can be shown that consciously "feeling" a sensation can make a machine more intelligent than just receiving input from sensors and processing it as information.
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of pain. To address that, researchers often look for behavioral cues. For example, "if a dog with an injured paw whimpers, licks the wound, limps, lowers pressure on the paw while walking, learns to avoid the place where the injury happened and seeks out analgesics when offered, we have reasonable
602:
wrote in 2021: "We are interested in programs that behave intelligently. Individual aspects of consciousnessâawareness, self-awareness, attentionâcan be programmed and can be part of an intelligent machine. The additional project making a machine conscious in exactly the way humans are is not one
814:
Quote: "The absence of a neocortex does not appear to preclude an organism from experiencing affective states. Convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states along with the capacity to exhibit
215:, publicly proclaimed on 7 July 2012 at Cambridge University, states that many non-human animals possess the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states, and can exhibit intentional behaviors. The declaration notes that all
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Historically, fish were not considered sentient, and their behaviors were often viewed as "reflexes or complex, unconscious species-typical responses" to their environment. Their dissimilarity with humans, including the absence of a direct equivalent of the
45:
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doing them justice to say they're simply regurgitating text", noting that they "exhibit glimpses of creativity, insight and understanding that are quite impressive and may show the rudiments of reasoning". He thinks that "sentience is a matter of degree".
449:
Animal-welfare advocates typically argue that any sentient being is entitled, at a minimum, to protection from unnecessary suffering, though animal-rights advocates may differ on what rights (e.g., the right to life) may be entailed by simple sentience.
2174:
Sugunasiri, Suwanda H.J., The Whole Body, not Heart, as 'Seat of
Consciousness': the Buddha's View', Philosophy East & West, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 409â430). Prof. Sugunasiri is Founder of Nalanda College of Buddhist Studies, Toronto,
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however, the physical constitution is important; and depending on the types of physical systems required for sentience, it may or may not be possible for certain types of machines (such as electronic computing devices) to be sentient.
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to respond to queries in the most fluid and natural way possible. The transcripts of conversations between scientists and LaMDA reveal that the AI system excels at this, providing answers to challenging topics about the nature of
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argues that while animals do not have all the desires and ability to comprehend as do humans, they do share the desires for food and water, shelter and companionship, freedom of movement and avoidance of pain.
403:
traveling with shells collected for protection. Despite evolving independently from humans for over 600 million years, octopuses show various signs of sentience. Octopuses, along with all other
421:
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The presence of nociception indicates an organism's ability to detect harmful stimuli. A further question is whether the way these noxious stimuli are processed within the brain leads to a
311:, non-violence toward other beings. In some forms of Buddhism, plants, stones and other inanimate objects are considered to be 'sentient'. In Jainism many things are endowed with a soul,
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Readership: Philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists interested in sensation and perception. Authors, Austen Clark, Professor of
Philosophy, University of Connecticut, Storrs
200:". They do not deny that most other aspects of consciousness are subject to scientific investigation but they argue that qualia will never be explained. Other philosophers, such as
168:(the ability to have thoughts about something). These further features of consciousness may not be necessary for sentience, which is the capacity to feel sensations and emotions.
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2216:, 28 August 2023, pp. 26â30, 32. "Last year, the U.K. passed legislation that recognized animals as sentient beings, capable of feeling pain and joy. So far, the bill dignifies
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Experiments suggest that bees can display an optimistic mood, engage in playful behavior, and strategically avoid threats or harmful situations unless the reward is significant.
333:
is the state of having senses. In
Buddhism, there are six senses, the sixth being the subjective experience of the mind. Sentience is simply awareness prior to the arising of
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908:, and that there is further very strong evidence to support that invertebrates, including but not limited to decapod crustaceans, cephalopod mollusks, and insects, also do
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broadly as the position according to which an entity has moral status if and only if it is sentient. In David
Chalmer's more specific terminology, Bentham is a
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based on the number of senses it has. Water, for example, is a sentient being of the first order, as it is considered to possess only one sense, that of touch.
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572:. The range of animals regarded by scientists as sentient or conscious has progressively widened, now including animals such as fish, lobsters and octopus.
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219:(including fish and reptiles) have this neurological substrate for consciousness, and that there is strong evidence that many invertebrates also have it.
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468:, on sentience. He asserts that, "All sentient beings, humans or nonhuman, have one right: the basic right not to be treated as the property of others."
144:, sentience is a minimalistic way of defining consciousness, which otherwise commonly and collectively describes sentience plus further features of the
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recognises that animals are "sentient beings", and requires the EU and its member states to "pay full regards to the welfare requirements of animals".
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1331:. 9.2: p.72. Kyoto: Eastern Buddhist Society; cited in Dumoulin, Henrich (author); Heisig, James (translator); and Knitter, Paul (translator)(2005).
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238:, the capacity to experience subjective states that have affective valence (i.e., a positive or negative character), such as pain and pleasure.
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184:", consciousness can refer to the ability of any entity to have subjective perceptual experiences, or as some philosophers refer to them, "
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beings and computers from a single neuron up to a hypothetical being at the theoretical computational limit of the entire universe. On a
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337:. Thus, an animal qualifies as a sentient being. According to Buddhism, sentient beings made of pure consciousness are possible. In
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The discussion on the topic of alleged sentience of artificial intelligence has been reignited in 2022 by the claims made about
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D. Cole: Sense and
Sentience SENSE5 8/18/90; rev. 1-19-98. (original 1983) copyright David Cole University of Minnesota, Duluth
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102:". Some writers differentiate between the mere ability to perceive sensations, such as light or pain, and the ability to
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that sense damage or threat and send signals to the brain. Nociception is widespread among animals, even among insects.
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is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. It may not necessarily imply higher cognitive functions such as
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130:"Sentience" was first coined by philosophers in the 1630s for the concept of an ability to feel, derived from Latin
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to understand what happens inside. He also mentions some other pathways that may lead to AI sentience, such as the
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it is indisputable that all vertebrates, including fish and reptiles do possess the neurological substrates of
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suggests that the belief that fish do not feel pain originated in response to a 1980s policy aimed at banning
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Sentience has been a central concept in the animal rights movement, tracing back to the well-known writing of
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Science, policy and cultural implications of animal sentience, Suggested
Reading, Compassion in World Farming
647:âAI robots designed to communicate with humansâby gathering vast amounts of text from the internet and using
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should regard sentient animals according to their intrinsic worth, rather than their utility to humans.
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Determining which animals can experience sensations is challenging, but scientists generally agree that
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303:) and "conventionally refers to the mass of living things subject to illusion, suffering, and rebirth (
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689:, to the algorithms implicitly learned by LLMs, but noted that this technique requires advances in
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that we are equipped to take on." Indeed, leading AI textbooks do not mention "sentience" at all.
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was written into the basic law of the
European Union. The legally binding protocol annexed to the
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In Asian religions, the word "sentience" has been used to translate a variety of concepts. In
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1787:"Scientists push new paradigm of animal consciousness, saying even insects may be sentient"
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for
Dialogue Applications) artificial intelligence system that it is "sentient" and had a "
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1516:; Burn, Charlotte; Schnell, Alexandra; Browning, Heather; Crump, Andrew (November 2021).
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With an
Introduction by Victor Sogen Hori. Bloomington, Indiana, USA: World Wisdom, Inc.
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590:. The question of whether artificial intelligences can be sentient is controversial.
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2114:"AI could have 20% chance of sentience in 10 years, says philosopher David Chalmers"
2020:
1518:"Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans"
425:: "The question is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?"
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1381:, (in Prakrit and English) Pandit Nathuram Premi Research Series (vol-19), Mumbai:
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detects and responds to potentially harmful stimuli, leading to the sensation of
114:. The subjective awareness of experiences by a conscious individual are known as
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1930:"Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Consciousness and the Intermediate Level Fallacy"
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describes the theory that sentient individuals are the center of moral concern.
432:
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317:, which is sometimes translated as 'sentience'. Some things are without a soul,
136:(feeling). In philosophy, different authors draw different distinctions between
1282:
Getz, Daniel A. (2004). "Sentient beings"; cited in
Buswell, Robert E. (2004).
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of a Bodhisattva states, "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to free them."
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Birch, Jonathan (19 July 2024). "Part V: preparing for artificial sentience".
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A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English
1129:"Will Science Ever Solve the Mysteries of Consciousness, Free Will and God?"
777:
717:
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289:
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2201:'Bees are sentient': inside the stunning brains of nature's hardest workers
2140:
The Edge of Sentience: Risk and Precaution in Humans, Other Animals, and AI
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2189:
2040:"Google AI 'is sentient,' software engineer claims before being suspended"
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are typically recognized as sentient. There is more uncertainty regarding
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2179:
Jeremy Bentham - Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
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Purana Perennis: Reciprocity and Transformation in Hindu and Jaina Texts
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1762:"Do fish feel emotions? Experts weigh in on the ethics of fish farming"
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353:, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others. The first
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847:"Which animals should be considered sentient in the eyes of the law?"
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71:, or complex thought processes. Sentience is an important concept in
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Philosophy Day 2020: David Chalmers - Consciousness and moral status
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Digital sentience (or artificial sentience) means the sentience of
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Indestructible truth: the living spirituality of Tibetan Buddhism
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2090:"Nick Bostrom: How can we be certain a machine isn't conscious?"
1890:
1738:"Fish are nothing like us, except that they are sentient beings"
1356:. World of Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Shambhala. pp. 26â27.
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1540:"United Kingdom Declares Octopuses, Squids Are Sentient Beings"
90:, the word "sentience" is sometimes used interchangeably with "
541:
342:
660:-style fables on cue, and even describing its alleged fears.
411:, were recognized as sentient by the United Kingdom in 2023.
323:, such as a chair or spoon. There are different rankings of
564:
in their brain, was used as an argument against sentience.
422:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
464:
theory of animal rights, which differs significantly from
5740:
Type physicalism (reductive materialism, identity theory)
230:
argues that sentience is sometimes used as shorthand for
2953:
University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1901:; Knight, Kevin; Nair, Shivashankar B (1 January 2010).
6145:
Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
4472:
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
606:
Digital sentience is of considerable interest to the
188:"âin other words, the ability to have states that it
1525:
The London School of Economics and Political Science
1286:. Volume 2. New York, USA: Macmillan Reference USA.
6130:
5818:
5748:
5620:
5613:
5548:
5442:
5376:
5135:
5128:
5039:
4986:
4936:
4876:
4869:
4690:
4455:
4416:
4327:
4291:
4075:
4068:
3887:
3611:
3604:
3349:
3058:
3049:
2992:
2971:
2910:
2860:
2802:
2774:
2711:
2643:
2535:
2528:
2360:
2284:
1905:(3rd ed.). New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill India.
1211:Freitas, R.A. Jr. (April 1984). "Xenopsychology".
1182:Massimo Pigliucci, David Chalmers (Dec 18, 2020).
1816:"What if A.I. Sentience Is a Question of Degree?"
1646:"The Lisbon Treaty: recognising animal sentience"
1594:
1592:
1232:Shanta, Bhakti Niskama (SeptemberâOctober 2015).
246:The sentience quotient concept was introduced by
204:, argue that qualia is not a meaningful concept.
2332:List of international animal welfare conventions
2210:Knight, Sam, "Hive Mind: Is beekeeping wrong?",
4624:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
1621:"BBC - Religions - Christianity: Animal rights"
1379:Dravyasamgrha: Exposition of the Six Substances
37:"Sentient" redirects here. For other uses, see
5106:
2247:
2228:... but not a single conscious bee." (p. 29.)
1846:
1705:"Insect Farming Is Booming. But Is It Cruel?"
27:Ability to experience feelings and sensations
8:
2337:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1928:Manzotti, Riccardo; Chella, Antonio (2018).
1234:"Life and consciousness â The VedÄntic view"
961:
959:
885:"The Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness"
828:freedom of movement and avoidance of pain."
4299:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4243:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2275:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1377:Nemicandra, Acarya; Balbir, Nalini (2010),
1177:
1175:
1160:(Summer 2013 ed.). Stanford University
966:Scerri, Mariella; Grech, Victor E. (2016).
520:. It involves specialized receptors called
296:is translated from various Sanskrit terms (
5617:
5132:
5113:
5099:
5091:
4873:
4452:
4441:
4072:
4065:
4051:
3608:
3055:
3046:
3032:
2532:
2281:
2270:
2254:
2240:
2232:
1872:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
1490:"The mysterious inner life of the octopus"
1409:, New York: SUNY Press, pp. 118â119,
1333:Zen Buddhism: A History ~ Volume 2: Japan.
5771:Electromagnetic theories of consciousness
4446:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4383:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2038:Brandon Specktor published (2022-06-13).
1963:
1945:
1580:
1259:
1249:
1048:
878:
876:
874:
4504:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2761:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
2352:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
1238:Communicative & Integrative Biology
1158:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
837:
5781:Higher-order theories of consciousness
2429:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1698:
1696:
1694:
1432:Jainism : The World of Conquerors
223:Phenomenal vs. affective consciousness
213:Cambridge Declaration of Consciousness
5796:Lamme's recurrent feedback hypothesis
4640:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4228:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4153:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
2565:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2342:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2297:Animal rights by country or territory
1809:
1807:
1668:
1666:
1435:, Sussex Academic Press, p. 50,
367:Animal rights by country or territory
361:Animal welfare, rights, and sentience
192:to be in. Some philosophers, notably
7:
6262:
4371:Animalist Party with the Environment
2658:Animal testing on non-human primates
307:)". It is related to the concept of
4795:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
3005:World Day for the End of Speciesism
2065:"Is LaMDA Sentient? â an Interview"
1214:Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact
950:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6313:Concepts in the philosophy of mind
6087:Subjective character of experience
5983:Neural correlates of consciousness
4920:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4263:United Activists for Animal Rights
4173:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2312:Animal crueltyâHolocaust analogies
1875:(4th ed.). Hoboken: Pearson.
1488:Henriques, Martha (25 July 2022).
1466:State University of New York Press
968:"Sentience in science fiction 101"
25:
6117:Von NeumannâWigner interpretation
5766:Damasio's theory of consciousness
4464:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4424:Animal Rights National Conference
4347:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4304:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4158:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4083:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3562:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2317:Animal rights in Indian religions
2307:Animal rights and punk subculture
1736:Woodruff, Michael (3 July 2020).
1023:Damasio, Antonio (October 2001).
6261:
6252:
6251:
6179:Journal of Consciousness Studies
6067:Sociology of human consciousness
5903:Dual consciousness (split-brain)
5806:Orchestrated objective reduction
5071:
5070:
4632:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4283:Voice for Animals Humane Society
3015:World Day for the End of Fishing
3010:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2440:Equal consideration of interests
2184:Book about A Theory of Sentience
1429:Shah, Natubhai (November 1998),
349:, the concept is related to the
6185:Online Consciousness Conference
6172:How the Self Controls Its Brain
4353:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4238:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3452:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
3040:(academics, writers, activists)
2933:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
1675:"Do Insects Feel Joy and Pain?"
1192:from the original on 2021-10-31
1127:Shermer, Michael (2018-07-01).
5831:Altered state of consciousness
4576:Animals, Property, and the Law
2653:Alternatives to animal testing
2322:Christianity and animal rights
2149:10.1093/9780191966729.001.0001
1858:Leading AI textbooks in 2023:
1814:Jackson, Lauren (2023-04-12).
1598:Monson S (2005), "Earthlings".
1385:, pp. 1 of Introduction,
1327:Keiji, Nishitani (ed.)(1976).
1090:"What Is It Like to Be a Bat?"
845:Birch, Jonathan (2021-05-16).
822:
809:
641:artificial intelligence system
1:
5933:Hard problem of consciousness
5791:Integrated information theory
4213:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2923:Cambridge University primates
2455:Ethics of uncertain sentience
2063:Lemoine, Blake (2022-06-11).
1993:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1989:"Minds, brains, and programs"
1251:10.1080/19420889.2015.1085138
1156:. In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.).
946:"The Grounds of Moral Status"
733:Hard problem of consciousness
723:Ethics of uncertain sentience
292:as sentient beings. The term
56:species, are likely sentient.
6231:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
6218:The Science of Consciousness
6092:Subjectivity and objectivity
4273:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2423:Argument from marginal cases
1934:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
1673:Chittka, Lars (2023-07-01).
1538:Ho Tran, Tony (2021-11-23).
512:is the process by which the
255:it runs from â70 up to +50.
182:What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
140:and sentience. According to
6224:Understanding Consciousness
6151:Consciousness and Cognition
6139:A Universe of Consciousness
4560:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4188:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4138:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2827:International primate trade
2302:Anarchism and animal rights
2143:. Oxford University Press.
1188:(YouTube). Figs in Winter.
883:Low, Philip (7 July 2012).
148:and consciousness, such as
6334:
6198:The Astonishing Hypothesis
5893:Disorders of consciousness
4680:Making a Stand for Animals
4552:The Case for Animal Rights
4203:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4163:Cruelty Free International
4133:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2663:Animal testing regulations
1563:Ryder, Richard D. (1991).
925:Merriam Webster Dictionary
579:
364:
265:Sentient beings (Buddhism)
262:
36:
29:
6247:
5978:Minimally conscious state
5888:Consciousness after death
5066:
4835:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4672:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4451:
4440:
4108:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4064:
4050:
3407:William Hamilton Drummond
3045:
3031:
2766:Welfare of farmed insects
2393:Animalâindustrial complex
2280:
2269:
2088:Leith, Sam (2022-07-07).
2005:10.1017/S0140525X00005756
1847:Russell & Norvig 2021
1352:Ray, Reginald A. (2002).
1154:"Eliminative Materialism"
674:made a speech on whether
341:Buddhism, which includes
298:jantu, bahu jana, jagat,
39:Sentient (disambiguation)
5841:Artificial consciousness
5358:William Kingdon Clifford
4913:Journal of Animal Ethics
4779:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4168:Direct Action Everywhere
3577:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3522:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2979:Direct Action Everywhere
2683:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2668:Labcorp Drug Development
2625:Feedback (pork industry)
2590:Intensive animal farming
2327:History of animal rights
1987:Searle, John R. (1980).
1947:10.3389/frobt.2018.00039
1284:Encyclopedia of Buddhism
1152:Ramsey, William (2013).
1094:The Philosophical Review
921:"Definition of SENTIENT"
588:artificial intelligences
582:Artificial consciousness
232:phenomenal consciousness
30:Not to be confused with
6288:17th-century neologisms
6158:Consciousness Explained
6077:Stream of consciousness
6052:Secondary consciousness
5776:Global workspace theory
5761:Dynamic core hypothesis
5756:Attention schema theory
5730:Revisionary materialism
5645:Eliminative materialism
5168:Charles Augustus Strong
5048:Holocaust on your Plate
4819:An Apology to Elephants
4600:Do Animals Have Rights?
4536:Animals, Men and Morals
4512:Better-World Philosophy
4389:Italian Animalist Party
4268:United Poultry Concerns
4223:Last Chance for Animals
4118:Animal Liberation Front
4005:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2495:Replaceability argument
2413:Animal-free agriculture
1903:Artificial Intelligence
1582:10.15368/bts.1991v7n1.1
1565:"Souls and Sentientism"
687:global workspace theory
497:Indicators of sentience
485:In 1997 the concept of
236:affective consciousness
126:Sentience in philosophy
6212:The Emperor's New Mind
6018:Problem of other minds
5953:Introspection illusion
5786:Holonomic brain theory
5143:Alfred North Whitehead
5021:Salvation of Innocents
4568:Zoos and Animal Rights
4143:Beauty Without Cruelty
4103:Animal Justice Project
3442:John Zephaniah Holwell
3096:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2673:Great ape research ban
2292:Animal rights movement
1088:Nagel, Thomas (1974).
1025:"Fundamental feelings"
894:. Cambridge University
773:Problem of other minds
506:
412:
57:
6318:Subjective experience
6013:Primary consciousness
5898:Divided consciousness
5801:Multiple drafts model
5303:Maurice Merleau-Ponty
5040:Fairs and exhibitions
4927:The Animals' Defender
4899:Cahiers antispécistes
4827:Speciesism: The Movie
4648:Animal (De)liberation
4608:Striking at the Roots
4520:The Universal Kinship
4480:The Rights of Animals
4401:People Animals Nature
4395:Party for the Animals
4208:In Defense of Animals
3970:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3362:David Renaud Boullier
2948:Silver Spring monkeys
2847:Wild animal suffering
2756:Pain in invertebrates
2595:Intensive pig farming
2485:Opposition to hunting
2450:Ethics of eating meat
2203:". Annette McGivney,
1405:Grimes, John (1996),
1383:Hindi Granth Karyalay
758:Pain in invertebrates
697:of sentient animals.
676:large language models
670:In 2022, philosopher
529:subjective experience
504:
398:
331:Sentience in Buddhism
248:Robert A. Freitas Jr.
47:
6165:Cosmic Consciousness
6003:Philosophical zombie
5943:Higher consciousness
5836:Animal consciousness
5640:Double-aspect theory
5173:Christopher Peacocke
4656:Sentientist Politics
4584:The Lives of Animals
4335:Animal Justice Party
4148:Born Free Foundation
3985:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3859:Wendy Turner-Webster
3572:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2794:Recreational fishing
2635:Ventilation shutdown
2403:Animal protectionism
2383:Animal consciousness
1329:The Eastern Buddhist
788:Vertiginous question
763:Philosophical zombie
371:Animal consciousness
209:animal consciousness
190:feels like something
5938:Heterophenomenology
5851:Attentional control
5500:Lawrence Weiskrantz
5328:Patricia Churchland
5163:Brian O'Shaughnessy
5148:Arthur Schopenhauer
5080:( 139 )
4906:Etica & Animali
4892:Between the Species
4616:An American Trilogy
4309:Humanitarian League
3920:Frances Power Cobbe
3537:Arthur Schopenhauer
3532:Henry Stephens Salt
3412:Edward Payson Evans
3106:Stephen R. L. Clark
2963:War of the currents
2852:Wildlife management
2746:Pain in crustaceans
2741:Pain in cephalopods
2222:decapod crustaceans
1679:Scientific American
1569:Between the Species
1133:Scientific American
1041:2001Natur.413..781D
691:AI interpretability
491:Treaty of Amsterdam
409:decapod crustaceans
77:moral consideration
6238:Wider than the Sky
6205:The Conscious Mind
6008:Philosophy of mind
5988:Neurophenomenology
5963:Locked-in syndrome
5958:Knowledge argument
5622:Philosophy of mind
5243:George Henry Lewes
5213:Douglas Hofstadter
4843:Unlocking the Cage
4664:Wild Animal Ethics
4488:The Ethics of Diet
4365:Animalist Movement
4341:Animal Politics EU
4253:Sentience Politics
3879:That Vegan Teacher
3497:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3482:José Ferrater Mora
3291:Steve F. Sapontzis
2784:Commercial fishing
2736:Pain in amphibians
2726:Cruelty to animals
2698:Operation Backfire
2537:Animal agriculture
2445:Emotion in animals
1863:Russell, Stuart J.
1820:The New York Times
1294:(Volume 2): pp.760
768:Philosophy of mind
608:philosophy of mind
507:
437:narrow sentientist
413:
242:Sentience quotient
79:, particularly in
58:
52:, as well as many
6275:
6274:
5973:Mindâbody problem
5923:Flash suppression
5883:Cartesian theater
5868:Binocular rivalry
5814:
5813:
5680:Mindâbody dualism
5609:
5608:
5596:Victor J. Stenger
5571:Erwin Schrödinger
5525:Stanislas Dehaene
5505:Michael Gazzaniga
5389:Donald D. Hoffman
5273:John Polkinghorne
5253:Gottfried Leibniz
5088:
5087:
5081:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5029:Onward to Freedom
4997:Animal Liberation
4982:
4981:
4803:Forks Over Knives
4755:Peaceable Kingdom
4715:Shores of Silence
4707:A Cow at My Table
4592:Eternal Treblinka
4544:Animal Liberation
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4323:
4322:
4258:Uncaged Campaigns
4233:Mercy for Animals
4198:Great Ape Project
4113:Animal Liberation
4059:(groups, parties)
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
3945:Elizabeth Farians
3854:Christine Townend
3794:Heather Nicholson
3724:Brigitte GothiĂšre
3714:Antoine Goetschel
3600:
3599:
3261:Charles Patterson
3166:Gary L. Francione
3141:Josephine Donovan
3131:Daniel Dombrowski
3111:Alasdair Cochrane
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
2906:
2905:
2837:Predation problem
2721:Animal euthanasia
2630:Foam depopulation
2465:Insects in ethics
2158:978-0-19-196672-9
1652:. 1 December 2009
1607:Francione, Gary.
1392:978-81-88769-30-8
1363:978-1-57062-910-5
1341:978-0-941532-90-7
743:Mindâbody problem
576:Digital sentience
570:catch and release
478:, considers that
270:Eastern religions
259:Eastern religions
253:logarithmic scale
104:perceive emotions
16:(Redirected from
6325:
6265:
6264:
6255:
6254:
6097:Unconscious mind
5725:Reflexive monism
5720:Property dualism
5695:New mysterianism
5655:Epiphenomenalism
5635:Computationalism
5630:Anomalous monism
5618:
5510:Michael Graziano
5480:Francisco Varela
5384:Carl Gustav Jung
5348:Thomas Metzinger
5318:Martin Heidegger
5298:Kenneth M. Sayre
5158:Bertrand Russell
5133:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5092:
5079:
5074:
5073:
4885:Animal Sentience
4874:
4739:Legally Blonde 2
4699:The Animals Film
4453:
4442:
4248:Rise for Animals
4073:
4066:
4052:
3915:Edith Carrington
3819:Craig Rosebraugh
3784:Virginia McKenna
3774:Jo-Anne McArthur
3704:Juliet Gellatley
3609:
3567:Mary Anne Warren
3507:Humphrey Primatt
3492:Edward Nicholson
3462:Charles R. Magel
3427:Thomas G. Gentry
3286:Richard D. Ryder
3226:Thomas Lepeltier
3056:
3047:
3033:
3000:World Animal Day
2958:Unnecessary Fuss
2918:Brown Dog affair
2888:Animals in sport
2878:Animal slaughter
2873:Animal sacrifice
2812:Culling wildlife
2615:Wildlife farming
2533:
2378:Animal cognition
2347:Total liberation
2282:
2271:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2233:
2163:
2162:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2023:. Archived from
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1949:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1894:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1811:
1802:
1801:
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1798:
1783:
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1774:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1703:Reynolds, Matt.
1700:
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1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
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1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
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1599:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1575:(1): Article 3.
1560:
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1199:
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1140:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1052:
1050:10.1038/35101669
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1004:. Douglas Harper
1002:Etymology Online
994:
988:
987:
985:
983:
963:
954:
953:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
917:
911:
910:
901:
899:
889:
880:
869:
868:
866:
865:
842:
826:
813:
617:type physicalism
566:Jennifer Jacquet
540:Animals such as
536:Sentient animals
487:animal sentience
429:Richard D. Ryder
375:Animal cognition
347:Tibetan Buddhism
198:new mysterianism
21:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6243:
6126:
6102:Unconsciousness
5913:Explanatory gap
5863:Binding problem
5810:
5744:
5605:
5591:Susan Blackmore
5544:
5535:Stuart Hameroff
5455:Antonio Damasio
5438:
5434:Wolfgang Köhler
5372:
5333:Paul Churchland
5238:George Berkeley
5208:Donald Davidson
5124:
5119:
5089:
5084:
5054:
5035:
4978:
4959:Muutoksen kevÀt
4932:
4865:
4771:Behind the Mask
4686:
4496:Animals' Rights
4447:
4428:
4412:
4319:
4287:
4060:
4034:
3895:Cleveland Amory
3883:
3849:Darren Thurston
3844:Marianne Thieme
3699:Bruce Friedrich
3664:Joey Carbstrong
3649:Brigitte Bardot
3596:
3587:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3477:J. Howard Moore
3422:John Galsworthy
3402:Wilhelm Dietler
3345:
3341:Corey Lee Wrenn
3251:Martha Nussbaum
3161:Lawrence Finsen
3101:Paola Cavalieri
3076:Kristin Andrews
3051:
3041:
3019:
2988:
2967:
2902:
2856:
2798:
2770:
2731:Pain in animals
2707:
2639:
2605:Poultry farming
2524:
2356:
2276:
2265:
2260:
2207:, April 2, 2023
2171:
2169:Further reading
2166:
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2107:
2098:
2096:
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2073:
2071:
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2057:
2048:
2046:
2044:livescience.com
2037:
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1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1548:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1514:Birch, Jonathan
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1326:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1281:
1277:
1244:(5): e1085138.
1231:
1230:
1226:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1195:
1193:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1106:10.2307/2183914
1087:
1086:
1082:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
996:
995:
991:
981:
979:
965:
964:
957:
944:
943:
939:
930:
928:
919:
918:
914:
897:
895:
887:
882:
881:
872:
863:
861:
844:
843:
839:
835:
830:
821:
808:
802:
797:
728:Explanatory gap
713:Binding problem
703:
695:brain emulation
639:". LaMDA is an
584:
578:
538:
499:
460:also bases his
393:
387:Pain in animals
365:Main articles:
363:
294:sentient beings
267:
261:
244:
225:
174:
142:Antonio Damasio
128:
88:science fiction
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6331:
6329:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6280:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6234:
6227:
6220:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6142:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6112:Visual masking
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Sentiocentrism
6059:
6054:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5854:
5853:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5690:Neutral monism
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5670:Interactionism
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5624:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5601:Wolfgang Pauli
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5530:Steven Laureys
5527:
5522:
5517:
5515:Patrick Wilken
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5485:Gerald Edelman
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5460:Benjamin Libet
5457:
5452:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5414:Max Wertheimer
5411:
5406:
5401:
5399:Gustav Fechner
5396:
5394:Franz Brentano
5391:
5386:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5368:William Seager
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5343:René Descartes
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5293:Keith Frankish
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:Galen Strawson
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Edmund Husserl
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5198:David Papineau
5195:
5190:
5188:David Chalmers
5185:
5183:Daniel Dennett
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5153:Baruch Spinoza
5150:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5118:
5117:
5110:
5103:
5095:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5025:
5017:
5009:
5001:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4878:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4731:Meet Your Meat
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4528:The New Ethics
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4459:
4457:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4359:Animals' Party
4356:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4128:AnimaNaturalis
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4098:Animal Justice
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4070:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4030:Gretchen Wyler
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3960:Lewis Gompertz
3957:
3952:
3950:Emarel Freshel
3947:
3942:
3940:Muriel Dowding
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3874:Gary Yourofsky
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3789:Ingrid Newkirk
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Charlotte Laws
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3659:Yves Bonnardel
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3634:Martin Balluch
3631:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3582:Steven M. Wise
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3527:Bernard Rollin
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3487:Leonard Nelson
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3392:Herman Daggett
3389:
3384:
3382:Priscilla Cohn
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Jeremy Bentham
3353:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Jessica Pierce
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Kyle Johannsen
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:David DeGrazia
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Carol J. Adams
3062:
3060:
3053:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2938:Pit of despair
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Abandoned pets
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2713:Animal welfare
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2688:Model organism
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2645:Animal testing
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2620:Working animal
2617:
2612:
2610:Slaughterhouse
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2585:Insect farming
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Animal product
2541:
2539:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2500:Sentiocentrism
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2408:Animal welfare
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2213:The New Yorker
2208:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2129:
2105:
2080:
2055:
2030:
2027:on 2007-12-10.
1999:(3): 417â424.
1979:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1895:
1881:
1851:
1849:, p. 986.
1839:
1803:
1778:
1753:
1728:
1690:
1662:
1637:
1612:
1600:
1588:
1555:
1530:
1505:
1480:
1474:
1458:, ed. (1993),
1456:Doniger, Wendy
1447:
1441:
1421:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1369:
1362:
1344:
1320:
1296:
1275:
1224:
1203:
1171:
1144:
1119:
1100:(4): 435â450.
1080:
1015:
989:
955:
937:
912:
892:FCM Conference
870:
836:
834:
831:
803:
801:
798:
796:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
704:
702:
699:
683:Jonathan Birch
672:David Chalmers
633:Language Model
596:Stuart Russell
580:Main article:
577:
574:
537:
534:
514:nervous system
498:
495:
458:Gary Francione
452:Sentiocentrism
417:Jeremy Bentham
379:Animal welfare
362:
359:
260:
257:
243:
240:
228:David Chalmers
224:
221:
202:Daniel Dennett
180:in his paper "
173:
170:
166:intentionality
162:self-awareness
127:
124:
96:self-awareness
81:utilitarianism
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6330:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6303:Consciousness
6301:
6299:
6298:Animal rights
6296:
6294:
6293:Animal ethics
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6268:
6260:
6258:
6250:
6249:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6206:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6140:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5998:Phenomenology
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5928:Hallucination
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5660:Functionalism
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5612:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Roger Penrose
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5576:Marvin Minsky
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5566:Eugene Wigner
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5556:Annaka Harris
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5490:Giulio Tononi
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5475:Francis Crick
5473:
5471:
5470:Christof Koch
5468:
5466:
5465:Bernard Baars
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5429:William James
5427:
5425:
5424:Wilhelm Wundt
5422:
5420:
5419:Sigmund Freud
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5404:Julian Jaynes
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5363:William Lycan
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5283:Joseph Levine
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:Immanuel Kant
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5223:Frank Jackson
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5122:Consciousness
5116:
5111:
5109:
5104:
5102:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:Tame Yourself
5002:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4966:No Compromise
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4469:
4467:(3rd century)
4466:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4439:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:(Netherlands)
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Animal Rising
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Animal Ethics
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Jessie Mackay
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:James Granger
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Henry B. Amos
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Louise Wallis
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3834:Kim Stallwood
3832:
3830:
3829:Jasmin Singer
3827:
3825:
3824:Nathan Runkle
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:David Olivier
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:John Feldmann
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:Aymeric Caron
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Carole Baskin
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Laurids Smith
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3512:James Rachels
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:John Lawrence
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:Brigid Brophy
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Tatjana ViĆĄak
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3321:David Sztybel
3319:
3317:
3316:Cass Sunstein
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Mark Rowlands
3279:
3277:
3276:Evelyn Pluhar
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3231:Andrew Linzey
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Will Kymlicka
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Dale Jamieson
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:Valéry Giroux
3174:
3172:
3171:Robert Garner
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:Sue Donaldson
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3116:J. M. Coetzee
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Tom Beauchamp
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2984:Hunt sabotage
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:Methodologies
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:Hare coursing
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Chick culling
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2520:Vegetarianism
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Anthrozoology
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2388:Animal ethics
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2263:Animal rights
2257:
2252:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2133:
2130:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2095:
2094:The Spectator
2091:
2084:
2081:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1921:
1914:
1912:9780070087705
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1882:9780134610993
1878:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1867:Norvig, Peter
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1626:
1625:www.bbc.co.uk
1622:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1609:Official blog
1604:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1475:0-7914-1381-0
1471:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1442:1-898723-30-3
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:0-7914-3068-5
1412:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:0-02-865720-9
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1204:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1134:
1130:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1035:(6858): 781.
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1003:
999:
993:
990:
977:
973:
969:
962:
960:
956:
951:
947:
941:
938:
926:
922:
916:
913:
909:
907:
906:consciousness
893:
886:
879:
877:
875:
871:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
838:
832:
829:
825:
824:
820:
816:
812:
811:
807:
799:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
705:
700:
698:
696:
692:
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5338:Philip Goff
5313:Michael Tye
5308:Max Velmans
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5278:John Searle
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4723:The Witness
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5561:David Bohm
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5136:Philosophy
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2099:2023-06-23
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1138:2024-03-10
1008:31 January
998:"Sentient"
982:31 January
931:2024-07-21
864:2024-06-09
833:References
708:Blindsight
649:algorithms
476:theologian
442:Earthlings
405:cephalopod
290:non-humans
288:recognise
272:including
263:See also:
207:Regarding
150:creativity
120:philosophy
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5614:Theories
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